Q. 1: - Discuss composition as well as jurisdictions of International Court of Justice.

Answer:
International Court of Justice (ICJ) is the successor of the Permanent Court of International Justice. The
statute of Permanent Court of Justice has been adopted for the International Court of Justice
(hereinafter referred as 'Court"). The establishment of the Court became necessary because to attain
the end of International law there must be a judicial organ. So, the Court is the 'Principle Judicial Organ'
of the International Organization.

Composition:
The composition of the Court may be explained as under:
1) Strength: - The Court is consisted of fifteen judges. And not more than one judge shall be
elected from one state, for the Court at a given time.
2) Qualifications: - The candidate for the office of judge in the Court shall possess the following
qualifications: 
a. He should be independent.
b. He should be a person of high moral character.
c. He must be qualified for the appointment of the highest judicial offices in his country. 
3) Nature of the office: - The nature of the office of judge for the Court is elective. In other words
the judges for the Court shall be elected in General Assembly and Security Council.
4) Election: - General Assembly and Security Council shall conduct the election of the judges of the
Court independently, but simultaneously. These two organs shall elect the judges from the list of
nominees prepared by the national groups in the Permanent Court of Arbitration.
5) Term of office: - The term of the office for the judge of the Court is nine years, however, five of
them shall be retired after each three years and so, for such vacancies election shall also be
conducted after each five years as to maintain the strength to fifteen.
6) Obligations of Judges: - Any person who has so been elected as a judge of the Court is bound to; 
a. refrain from all political and administrative functions,
b. refrain from being council, agent or advocate in any case, and
c. not participate in any case in which he has previously has taken part as agent, counsel or
advocate for one of the parties.
7) Quorum of the Court: - The quorum of the Court is fixed at nine judges.
8) President of the Court: - After each period of three years the Court shall elect its president. The
president shall preside the cases of the Court. But if in a case any party is his national he shall
not be entitled to as act as president.
9) Vice-President of the Court: - Along with the election of the president the shall also elect its vice-
president. Vice president shall act as president in a case where president is not present or where
president is not entitling for presidency due to one of the parties to the case is being his
national.
10) Chambers - The Court is entitled to form a chamber, composed of not less than three members
or which the Court may thinks fit. Different chamber may be declared by the Court to deal with
different cases. The Court may constitute a chamber to deal with a particular case. The Court
shall itself along with the approval of the parties to the case determine the chamber. 
11) Ad hoc Judges: - The statute of the Court reveals that ad hoc judges may be appointed in those
cases where there is no national judge of the party to a case. That party can appoint a national
judge in that particular case. 

Jurisdiction:
Broadly speaking there are two kinds of jurisdiction of the Court as follows; 
a) Contentious Jurisdiction, and 
b) Advisory Jurisdiction.

Contentious Jurisdiction:
That jurisdiction of the Court on the basis of which the Court decides any case with the consent of the
parties to the case, is called 'Contentious Jurisdiction.' It is fundamental principle of international law
that without the consent of any party to a case, the same shall not be referred to mediation
or arbitration. The same rule is, with some restriction, is applicable to the jurisdiction of the Court. In
other words, the Court is not entitled to initiate any proceeding merely because one party files a case,
rather the consent of both the parties are necessary that dependent is also required to give consent to
the case. Contentious Jurisdiction is of three kinds which may be given as under: 
i. Voluntary Jurisdiction.
ii. Ad hoc Jurisdiction. 
iii. Compulsory Jurisdiction.
Voluntary Jurisdiction:
That jurisdiction which the parties by virtue of an agreement or treaty confer on Court is called
Voluntary Jurisdiction. In other words, when the parties to a treaty or a contract stipulate that if any
dispute arise in respect of such treaty or contract the dispute shall be referred to the Court for
settlement, this type of jurisdiction of the Court is said to voluntary jurisdiction. So, in voluntary
jurisdiction the parties to a dispute give their assent for the jurisdiction of the Court in advance.
Ad hoc Jurisdiction:
That jurisdiction of the Court when the parties, after the occurrence of the dispute, confers on Court
and in which the Court has no right to take up the case, is said to be Ad hoc Jurisdiction.
Compulsory Jurisdiction:
Compulsory Jurisdiction means that type of jurisdiction which the Court enjoys without the consent
of the parties. In classic international law there is no concept of the Compulsory Jurisdiction of the
Court, but recently it has been contended that no the time has reached to confide the Court with
compulsory jurisdiction: 
In case of Compulsory Jurisdiction, the Court is to be empowered to take up a case without the
consent of the parties like municipal Courts. But once again, the application of the Compulsory
Jurisdiction at universal level, depends on the approval of the Nation States. The procedure for the
Compulsory Jurisdiction of the Court has also been laid down. 

Advisory Jurisdiction:
Advisory Jurisdiction means that the jurisdiction of the Court by which it may only give an advisory
opinion on a question of law. This does not require the consent of the parties to a case but when any
International Institute General Assembly or Security Council) ask the Court to give an advisory opinion
on the question. This opinion is not binding on the parties. So, the case may be referred by an
international organization or by any organs within the scope of their activities. 

0. 2 What are the amicable means for the settlement of the International Disputes?

Answer:
For the settlement of an international dispute there are following amicable means: 
1) Negotiation - The settlement of the international disputes by the disputant states themselves by
negotiation is said to be settlement of the disputes by negotiation. In other words when there a
 dispute arises between two or more states then to avoid the chances of war or violence they
tends to conduct negotiation for the matters to be settled. The negotiation is to be taken by the
political representatives of the disputant countries, without involving any third or non-
concerned country.
2) Good-offices: - The act or arrangements taken by a third party to bring disputant parties for
negotiation or to settle dispute between them by any peaceful means is said to be Good-offices.
In case of Good-offices the third merely renders services to bring the disputant parties to peace
full means of settlement of disputes. Here the third party does not give any suggestions or take
part in the meetings as to be held between the disputant parties. Shortly speaking, in case of
good offices when ever the parties to dispute come to peace full of settlement of dispute the
duty of the third party finishes.
3) Mediation: - The act of participating and in the discussions and giving suggestions to settle a
dispute between two parties by a third party is said to Mediation. In other words, mediation is
the method to settle a dispute where any third party actively takes part in the sessions of
dialogues or negotiations held between disputant party as to resolve the dispute. In case of
mediation the mediator should consider the matter of compromise between the parties rather
to encourage the strict letter of law.
4) Inquiry: - The process to ascertain the facts of disputes by a commission of imperial investigators
is said to inquiry. This mean is intended to find out the questions of law and mixed questions of
law and fact involved in a dispute. The only function of the commission is to bring in light those
facts, which are the root cause for the alleged dispute, and to investigate the question of law
and mixed questions of law and fact. 
5) Conciliation: - The process of referring a dispute to a commission; for the purpose of finding out
facts and to prepare a report containing proposals for the settlement of that dispute, is called
conciliation. In case of conciliation the commission is to take two tasks, at first, it shall ascertain
the facts of the dispute and secondly, it shall prepare a report which shall reveal that the
possible measures to settle the dispute. But the proposals prepared by the commission have no
binding force upon the parties. The parties can disagree with the proposals.
6) Arbitration: - The process of referring the dispute; by the mutual consent of the parties to a
body of persons or to a tribunal for a legal decision is called as arbitration. The essential
ingredient of arbitration is the consent of disputant parties to the dispute. In other words, the
referring of the dispute to a Court of Arbitration is dependent on the sweet-well of the parties.
International law recognizes a court for arbitration known as Permanent Court of Arbitration.
But in fact it is neither permanent nor a court. 
7) Judicial Settlement: - The process of settling a dispute; by the International Tribunal in the light
of the provisions of International Law, is said to be Judicial Settlement. For Judicial Settlement
there is a judicial organ in international law, known as International Court of Justice. Both the
award given by the arbitration tribunal and decision given by the International Court of Justice
are comes in the ambit of Judicial Settlement. Like in arbitration, in case of referring the dispute
to the International Court of Justice the consent of both the parties are necessary to be given.
International Court of Justice shall take its proceeding in the light of the rules of International
law, and its procedure is governed by a statute known as the Statute of International Court
of Justice. 

International Court of Justice plays a very important rule in the settlement of international disputes.
Security Council:
A dispute may be settled by a principal organ of the United Nations, known as Security Council. The
Council is consisted of fifteen members. Five members are permanent while the remaining ten members
are non-permanent members. Wide powers have been entrusted to the Council for the settlement of
the disputes, which tend to endanger world peace and security. There is a number of measures to be
taken by the Council for the settlement of the disputes.

General Assembly:
General Assembly is another principal organ of the United Nations. The Assembly has no specific means
to settle the dispute, rather it has general powers to settle the international dispute. It has the power to
discuss and to suggest better means for the peaceful settlement of the disputes. Conclusion: - Briefly
speaking, International Law intends to overcome the chances of war and violence, and believe to solve
the disputes on the merits of political, diplomatic and judicial bases. To avoid the chances of breaking
out of wars it provides certain measures and means. Among which above are the amicable means to
settle the disputes. But international law also recognizes certain coercive or compulsive means to settle
the disputes in extra-ordinary cases where the International peace and security has been endangered. 

Q. 3: What is the difference between International Court of Justice and Permanent Court of
Arbitration? 

Answer:
International Court of Justice and Permanent Court of Arbitration have been recognized by the
International law to settle the disputes among the Nation States. The difference between the Courts
may be given as under: 
Distinction Between ICJ and Permanent Court of Arbitration. 
International Court of Justice. Permanent Court of Arbitration. 1. It is a permanent Court 
1. It is nether a court nor permanent. The title given is totally opposite to its nature 
and function. 2. It is governed by a statute, enacted for 2. It has no procedural law, rather the its
predecessor namely, the Court procedure of the proceedings is to be International Justice. 
determined by the parties to the case. 3. Its judgment is called the legal 3. Its judgment is called the
Award by Decisions 
the Court. 4. Its judges are elected by the General 4. Its judges are to be appointed by the Assembly and
Security Council 
parties to the dispute. 5. Its judges are to be elected by 5. Its judges are to be appointed by the General
Assembly and Security Council. disputant parties themselves. 6.Judges represents the main forms of 6.
its members shall never be the civilization and the world legal system. representatives of the world
community. 7. It shall decide the case in accordance 7. The rules making the award are to be with
treaties, customs and general decided by the parties to the disputes. It principles of law and other
sources. may apply the general principles of law 
and equity. 8. Æ being of a permanent, performs a 7. It being a temporary tribunal does not number of
functions as annexed with its perform other functions. nature. 
9. It is open to all the states. 
9. It is not open to all the states. 10. Its proceedings are open to the 10. Its proceeding are not open to
public. public, and its proceeding are published its awards shall not be published if the and recorded. 
parties are not agree thereto. 11. It is a principal organ of United 11. It is not a principal organ of the
Nations. 
United Nations. 

Q. No. 4: - Define and explain briefly the term asylum. 

Answer:
Asylum: - The term asylum may be defined as under: Definition: - 'To provide shelter and protection by a
host state to a citizen of another state, is called asylum." Explanation: - The grant of asylum is an old
international doctrine. But lacking general rules for its regulation in the premises of international law.
Asylum is the extension of shelter and protection to an alien by a sovereign in case where there is a
danger to the life of the alien or he is in fear of being prosecution in his state by the his opponent
government due to the divergent political, social or religious views as between him and his government. 
The philosophy behind asylum is the generally accepted international rule that each state is sovereign in
its territorial jurisdiction. No other state has a right of jurisdiction on the territory of any state. 
Asylum is granted in consideration of national security because the rebel of today may be the ruler of
future. So, if he is not given the asylum the relations may become adverse if the person, seeking asylum,
comes in power in future. 
Asylum is opposite to another legal doctrine namely, extradition. In which case the person is not granted
the asylum but is handed over to the requesting state. 
As pointed out hereinbefore, that there is no generality of rules on the subject of asylum in international
law, even though, there are certain declarations and customs which stress on fact that every person
should be given asylum. But as such declarations are not binding in nature so the grant of asylum is
dependent totally on the discretion of the granting state. Kinds of Asylum: - There are following two
kinds of asylum; 
• Territorial Asylum, and 
• Extra-territorial Asylum 1. Territorial Asylum: - The grant of asylum by a state on its own territory is
said to territorial asylum. As for as, every state has exclusive right of control and jurisdiction on its
territory, so it the discretion of that state weather to extradite the person or to grant asylum to him.
Because every state has territorial sovereignty over all persons, on its territory, whether they are its
subject or aliens. 
2. Extra-territorial Asylum: - The grant of asylum by a state outside its own territory is said to be extra-
territorial asylum. In other words the grant of asylum on places not forming its physical territory, is said
to be extra-territorial asylum. 
Extra-territorial asylum may be given at any of the following places: 1. Asylum in legation or Diplomatic
Asylum: - The grant of asylum by a state in its embassy premises situated in foreign state, is said to be
asylum in legation or diplomatic asylum. It is so because the embassy premises are considered to be
excluded from the territorial jurisdiction of the state where it is situated. 
ill. Asylum in Consulates: - In consulates also the asylum may be granted to any person in the same way
as in the case of asylum in legation premises. II. Asylum in Warships: • Asylum may also be granted in
warships, because men of war and public vessels of a foreign are exempted from the jurisdiction of the
state in whose ports or waters may be found. Rather, they are under the jurisdiction of the flag state. 
III. Asylum In Merchant Vessels: - In merchant vessels the asylum cannot be given except where there is
a treaty between the states. The reason that merchant vessels cannot grant asylum is that, they are not
excluded from the jurisdiction of the state in whose waters or ports it is found. IV. Asylum in the
Premises of International Institutions: - Asylum may also be granted in extreme danger to life in the
premises of international institutions. 

Q. No. 5: - Write down a short note on extradition. 

Ans: - Extradition: - The extradition may be defined as under: Definition: - "The delivery of a person;
suspected or convicted of a crime, by the state where he has taken refuge or taken asylum, to the state
that asserts jurisdiction over him." Explanation: -Generally each state has full jurisdiction over all its
subjects within its territory. But sometimes a state becomes helpless to punish a guilty person. Æ is so
because such guilty person after committing crimes fled away to another country. So if there is no co-
operation between nation states in handing over the criminals to the affected states, the end of justice
with its real sprite cannot be attained. Due to this fact the nation-states adopt the doctrine of
extradition. In other words, the nation states hand over the criminals to the affected states in the
administration of justice. BASES: -International law neither recognizes the rules regarding extradition,
nor it recognizes any general duty on the nation-states in this connection. Rather the doctrine of
extradition is based on some general universal principles. And it arises from the provisions of treaties
between the nation-states. If there is no treaty between nation states for extradition, the country
asserts jurisdiction over the criminal is not bound to extradite him to the affected country. In other
words extradition is the product of the treaties between the nation states, but it may not be said that
without any treaty there would be no extradition. Rather the nation states in pursuance of mutual co-
operation sometimes extradite the criminals to the other country although in the absence of any treaty. 
Restriction: - As for as Extradition is concerned, it mostly depends upon treaties. But before, the
conclusions of a treaty the nation-states usually consider the following restrictions established by Courts
in this behalf; 1. Existence of a Fomal Treaty: - The existence of a formal treaty is also sometimes
becomes much necessary. Because, it is generally a matter of bilateral treaty. So, mere 
agreement or notification is not sufficient to bind the state to extradite a criminal. The existence of a
formal treaty is necessary because the state may refuse to extradite the criminals in the absence of any
treaty in this behalf. 2. Honour of Treaty: - In case of a treaty for extradition it is important to fulfill all
the conditions and terms of the said treaty. 3. Political Criminal: - There is an important principle in
international law that the political criminal shall not be extradited. It is also a restriction on the scope of
extradition. 3. Military Criminals: - Military criminals shall also not be extradited who have not been
charged of war crimes. 
4. Religious Criminals: - Religious persons shall also not be extradited. 5. The Rule of Speciality: - The
extradition of a criminal for a particular crime entitles the requesting state only to prosecute him for
that crime and not otherwise, the rule is said to be rule of speciality. H is also a bar on the soul
extradition. 6. Double Criminality: - Another bar on the extradition is the principle of double criminality.
According to this principle the crime for which the extradition of a person is requested shall be of a
nature be incorporated in the domestic laws of both the states. 7. Prima facie Evidence: - Prima facie
evidence is another restriction on the scope of extradition. It means that there should be sufficient,
evidence for crimes relating to 
extradition. 8. Fulfillment of Fomalitles: - It is also equally important to fulfill all other formalities as are
necessary for extradition. Conclusion: - So, in the light of the above discussion it may be concluded, that
extradition is subjected to many restrictions. And an attempt should be made to overcome such
restriction. Because, it is inevitable to punish a person for the crime committed by him in the
administration. 

Q. No.6: Classify diplomatic agents and give their functions. Also give composition staff of diplomatic
mission.
Answer:
Diplomatic agents are those persons who abide in foreign state as representatives of their own states.
Classification of Diplomatic Agents: - Diplomatic agents may be classified as under: - 
1. Ambassadors: - The personal representatives of the Head of the state are said to be ambassadors. 
And in the common wealth countries the representatives are said to be the High Commissioners. As for
example, the representative of Pakistan in India is called High Commissioner. 
The appointment of the ambassador is subjected to the assent of receiving state. In other words the
person who is going to be appointed as a diplomatic envoy in a country it is necessary that he must
porsona grata, for the receiving state. Other wise he should be refused. So, it is a duty of the sending
state to send a report regarding the person to be appointed as diplomatic envoy to the receiving state. 
Once a person has been accepted as envoy he should be given certain rights and immunities. As for
example, he has a right to claim the title of 'Excellency'. 2. Ministers: - Ministers are other diplomatic
officials accredited to the other countries, but ministers are not the personal representatives of the
Head of the state. So, they receive less honour as compared to ambassadors. And they are not entitled
to claim the title of 'Excellency'. But if they were given this title it would be a matter of courtesy but not
as a matter of their right. in other respects they are almost equal with ambassadors. 3. Charge d'Affairs:
- The officials accredited to foreign state by the foreign office to the foreign office. 
They are less important as compare to ambassadors and ministers. They do not enjoy honour and title
as are available to ambassadors and ministers. They may either be appointed permanently or
temporarily. But usually they are appointed temporarily. Functions of Diplomatic Agents: - The functions
of diplomatic agents may be derived from international law and municipal law of the concerned
countries. The chief functions of the diplomatic agents may be given as under; 
1. Representation - The most important function of the diplomatic agents is to represent the state from
where they have been sent in the state to whom they have been sent. They are actually the mouthpiece
of the Head of the home state because they communicate with the host state the affairs of the home
state. 2. Negotiation: - The other most important function which the diplomatic agents have to perform
is the negotiation. They negotiate on various aspects on behalf of he sending state with the state to
which they are accredited in order to maintain friendly relationship between the two. They are required
to communicate the outcome of the negotiations to the sending state from time to time. 3. Protection: -
Diplomatic agents protect the interests of the sending state and also of its nationals and their property
within the limits permitted by International Law but by the municipal law and regulations of the sending
state within which an envoy affords protection. 4. Observation: - Diplomatic agents are required to
observe those happenings and events which may take place in the state where they are accredited,
especially those which may have effecting the state by which they are sent. After making observations
they are required to make periodical reports as well as special reports thereon to the government of the
sending state. 5. Promotion of Friendly Relation: - Diplomatic agents are required to promote friendy
relations between the sending state and the receiving state. They also have a function to develop the
economic, cultural and social relations between the two states. 
Composition of Staff of Diplomatic Mission: - The composition of the staff of the diplomatic mission may
be given as under: 
There are following three categories of the diplomatic mission's staff; a). Diplomatic Staff: - The
diplomatic staff is consisted on: 
• The Head of the Mission, 
• All mission personnels, possessing diplomatic ranks. These ranks holder personnals may be given as
under; 
• Military, naval and air attaches of their deputies. 
• First second and third secretaries. 
• Attaches 
• Secretaries in charge of archives. b). Administrative and Technical Staff: - It is consisted on: 
• Administrative assistants, 
• Typists, and 
• Other staff members performing administrative and technical functions. And also includes: - 
• Heads of offices of clerical services, ac 
countants, translators. c). Services Staff: - Services staff is consisted and includes: - 
• Drivers, couriers, doorman, elevator operators, janitors, and 
• Other persons performing domestic service functions in the mission. Private Servants: - This category
of the staff of the diplomatic mission are not the employees of the mission, rather they are the servants
in the domestic service or personal service of the members of the mission. Nationality of the Employees:
- The members or the employees of the staff of Diplomatic Mission shall be: - 
• In case of diplomatic staff: - 
• The nationals of the sending state, or 
• The national of the receiving state or a third state only with the assent of 
the receiving state. In case of other categories of mission and private servants the employees or the
members may be the nationals of: 
• Sending state, 
• Receiving state, or 
• Any third state. 
Q. No. 7: What are the theories as to Diplomatic Immunitles and what Immunities are available to
Diplomatic agents? Explain.
Answer:
Theories of Diplomatic Immunities: - There are following three theories regarding immunities of
diplomatic agents: 1. Extra-territorial Theory: - This theory reveals that the diplomatic agents are not
under the jurisdiction of the receiving state, rather they are under the sending state. And their physical
presence shall not entitle the receiving country to have jurisdiction on them. 
This theory is also called as fictional theory, because the extra-territoriality is based merely on a fiction. 
2. Representational Theory: - According to this theory immunities are given to the diplomatic agents
because they are the representatives of the sovereign, so just as the immunities are given to the prince
of a sovereign in the same way the immunities are to be given to the diplomatic agents. 3. Functional
Theory: - According to this theory the immunities and the privileges are given to the diplomatic agents
because they have given so special duties to be performed and the nature of the task given to them
requires them to be free in all respects. Other wise the local administration may by abuse of powers
interrupt them and their function may be affected scrupulously. So, to avoid such situation they should
be given certain immunities and privileges. 
Conclusion: - From the above discussion it is evident that the extra-territorial theory is not maintainable
at all. But both representational theory and functional theory provide basis for the diplomatic
immunities and privileges. Immunities And Privileges of Diplomatic Agents: - According to the provisions
of the Veinna Convention following immunities and privileges are available for diplomatic agents: 1.
Inviolability of Diplomatic Agents: - The person, freedom and dignity of a diplomatic agent is inviolable.
The receiving state shall guarantee his person and shall give him respect. In other words, diplomatic
agents cannot be detained or arrested. 
But the immunity of inviolability of diplomatic agent is not absolute. They may be arrested in special
cases. As for example, if a diplomatic agent is found drunken having a gun, so due to avoid violence he
may be arrested by the receiving states. 2. Inviolability of Mission's Staff: - The Veinna Convention also
lays down certain immunities and privileges to the administrative and technical staff of the diplomatic
mission and for their family members which are also inviolable subject to certain limitations. 3.
Inviolability of Premises: - The permanent diplomatic mission has premises in the receiving state where
it is to operate its mission. So, the premises and the private residence of the diplomatic agents are also
inviolable. 4. Immunity from Local Jurisdiction: The diplomatic agents are immune from local
jurisdiction. In other words diplomatic agents cannot be tried by the Courts of the receiving state.
Immunity extends to civil, criminal and administrative jurisdictions. 5. Immunity from Taxes and Customs
Duties: - The diplomatic agents are also immune from all sorts of taxes subject to certain exceptions. 6.
Immunity from Local and Military Obligations: - The diplomatic agents are also immune from certain
local and military obligations of the receiving state. As for example, the diplomatic agents are exempted
from military contributions, etc. 7. Freedom of Communication: - The diplomatic agents have also been
entitled to communicate any information for official purpose to the sending state. Such communications
includes the use of couriers and code messages. The diplomatic bag is also inviolable. 9. Freedom of
Movement : - The diplomatic agents are free to move and travel in the territory of the receiving state.
But this is subject to the laws and regulations, and laws made by the receiving state concerning the
prohibited security zone. 
10. Right to Worship: - The diplomatic agents have a right to worship any religion they like within the
premises. They cannot invite the nationals of the receiving state to take part to the worship. In other
words, they have no right to preach their religion in the receiving state. 

Q. No. 8:- When a diplomatic missions is to be terminated? 

Answer:
The termination of mission may discussed as under: Termination of Diplomatic Mission: - There are
following two meanings of the termination of the diplomatic mission: 
1. Termination of the Head of the Mission. 
2. Termination of the Mission as a whole. 1). Termination of the Head of the Mission: - The Head of the
Mission may terminated in any of the following ways: 
i. Expiration of time:- When the time specified for the termination in the letter of the 
credence reaches, the Head of the mission shall be deemed to be terminated. ii. Recall of Diplomatic
Agent: - The mission shall also be deemed to come to an end when due to unfriendly relationship
between receiving and sending states, the receiving state recalls the envoy. The diplomatic agent may
also be recalled on his misconduct or misbehavior. ili. On request of the Receiving State: The head of the
diplomatic mission may be 
terminated when a request is made by the receiving state in this regard. I also takes place when the
relations between the two become unfriendly or because of misconduct 
on the part of the envoy. iv. Persona-non-gratia: - Every receiving state has a right to declare an envoy
non 
acceptable. The envoy then called as persona-non-gratia. If any head of the mission has been declared
as persona-non-gratia he shall be deemed to be terminated. 
2. Termination of the Mission as a whole: - A state has a right to terminate the diplomatic mission as a
whole, such a situation may arise when war breaks out between the sending state and the receiving
state. In cases of armed conflict not amounting to war, diplomatic mission may not be terminated. 
The diplomatic mission terminates ipso facto when the sending or receiving state is extinguished by
voluntary merger into another state or through annexation. Upon the termination of a mission the
functions of the persons concerned come to an end. Members of the mission and their families
nevertheless continue, even in case of armed conflict, to be entitled to their privileges and immunities
until they leave the country or on the expiry of a reasonable time to do so. It is to be noted that armed
conflict between the two states does not terminate the mission in all the cases. As for example, in case
of armed conflict with India in 1965, diplomatic relations didn't come to and end.