History of internet

Prepared By: Bautista,Joan P.

GEC9 Living in the IT Era
Brief History of the Internet
–
Who Invented It?
How it Works?
and How it Became the Web
We Use Today
1.Protocol
2.Arpanet
3.Packet switching
4.Telenet
5.TCP Word Bank
6.IP
7.Intranet
8.Sputnik
9.Alohanet
10.ARPA
11.MIT
Internet Definition
 let's start by clearing up some mis-conceptions
about the Internet. The Internet is not the Web.
 The Internet is not a cloud. And the Internet is
not magic.
 The Internet is actually a wire., many wires that
connect computers all around the world.
 The Internet is also infrastructure.
 It's a global network of interconnected
computers that communicate through a
standardised way with set protocols.
 Connect millions of computers globally,
 Information that travels over internet does via a
variety of languages known as PROTOCOL
 The Internet, a technology so expensive and ever-
changing, and it wasn't the work of just one
person or institution. Many people contributed to
its growth by developing new features.
 So it has developed over time. It was at least 40
years in the making and kept (well, still keeps) on
evolving.
 And it wasn't created just for the sake of creating
something. The Internet we know and use today
was a result of an experiment, ARPANET, the
precursor network to the internet.
 The Internet is something we all use everyday, and many of us
can't imagine our lives without it.
 The internet and all the technological advances it offers has
changed our society.
 It has changed our jobs, the way we consume news and share
information, and the way we communicate with one another.
• has also created so many opportunities and
has helped helped humanity progress and
has shaped our human experience.
• There is nothing else like it – it's one of the
greatest inventions of all time.
 HISTORY OF INTERNET
1950’s-
 History begins with the development of
electronic computers.
 Initial concepts packet networking originated in
several computer science Laboratories,in US,UK and
France.
1960’s
 The US Department of defence starts the packet
system contract,including the develppment of
ARPANET.
 RAPID development of internet started.
 J.C.R Licklider of MIT- first proposed a global
network of computers in 1962.
 LEONARD KLEINROCK from MIT- followed Licklider,
who published the first paper on packet switching
theory.
Sputnik Scare
 Sputnik crisis was a period of public fear and anxiety in
Western nations about the perceived technological gap
between the United States and Soviet Union.

 the world's first artificial satellite.

 The beach-ball sized sputnik was alarming to the
americans. Why?
 Because while the scientist and engineers in the
united states had been designing bigger cars, and
better television sets,it seemed that the Soviet’s had
been focusing on less frivolous things.
 And for that,they are scared they were going to win
the cold war because of these.
Intranet Definition

 Intranet is the generic

term for a collection of a
private computer networks
with in an organization.
 Intranet uses a tool to
facilitate communication
between people or
workgroups to improve the
data sharing capability.
Sputnik
The Birth of the ARPANET

Military expert and scientist were

concerned about what might
happen in the event of a Soviet
attack on the nations telephone
system.
 Just one missile they feared,it
could destroy the whole network
of lines and wires,That made
efficient long distance possible.
 1960s -1970s: ARPANET
ARPANET
 created by ARPA,-Advance Research Projects Agency
 First known fully operational pocket-switching network
 It was designed to facilitate communication between ARPA
computer terminals
1969-The first stable link between multiple computers through
the ARPANET began.
 It is initiated by Paul Baran and Donald Davies.
 ARPA was the primary source of funding for computer
development and research.
 During this computing age,Computers are so expensive to
produce and operate,and were separated by distance and
purpose,forcing a single user wishing to access multiple
operational functions and information to physically travel to
the site of multiple computers.
1962-63-working at the Masachusetts
Institute of technology(MIT).
 J.C.R. L.icklider-
 His concept of Galactic Network envisioned a world-wide computer network,
 Computer terminals will be link to one another.
 The ability to access and send information to other computers and users.
 An early predecessor to the internet.

 1959-1964 PAUL BARAN

 Developed a conceptual models of communications,like contemporary phone
lines,transfer communications from an origin point on to a localnode.

 1965
 -first network experiment linking two computers takes place.
 It is the firstime in which two computers directly communicated with one
another.
 1966:
 Lawrence Roberts published plan for the ARPANET
⏩Packet switching
 investigate in which blocks data (packets) could be
sent over a linked network nodes in such a way that
nodes could delay the routing of the data packets and
pass them on to other nodes.
 Packet switching as a communication network.
 Packet switching as a method of communication
break through over circuit switching
1967- ARPANET WAS PLANNED AND BUILT with the first node
of ARPANET installed at the UCLA NETWORK MEASUREMENT
CENTER. IN 1969.
1969
 On october 1969,ARPANET,Delivered its first
message:a node to node communication from one
computer to another.
 LOGIN-the message that is delivered
 2 years before the calculator was introduced ,the
Precursor of the internet ARPANET was born.
ARPANET
 Born in Los Angeles California,the university of
california at saints Barbara,Stanford Research
Institute,and the University of Utah.
1971-University of Hawaii invented the ALOHANET
1972-
 Computers connected at about two dozen sites

 The first email was sent in 1975 and there were 63 sites

 BBN’s Ray Tomlinson introduces network email.

 The Internet Working Group (INWG) forms to address

need for establishing standard protocols.
1973
Global networking becomes a reality as the
University College of London (England) and Royal
Radar Establishment (Norway) connect to ARPANET
The term Internet is born.

1974:
 The first Internet Service Provider (ISP) is born
with the introduction of a commercial version of
ARPANET, known as Telenet.

 : Vinton Cerf and Bob Kahn (the duo said

by many to be the Fathers of the Internet)
publish "A Protocol for Packet Network
Interconnection," which details the design
of TCP.
1976:
 Queen Elizabeth II hits the “send button” on her first email.
1979: USENET forms to host news and discussion groups.
1980
 200 host computers were connecting 20k people at
university,military and government locations.
1981
The National Science Foundation (NSF)
 provided a grant to establish the Computer
 Science Network (CSNET) to provide networking services to
university computer scientists.
BITNET-created by IBM-network started as a cooperative network at the
city University of New York.
1982
: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP),
as the protocol suite, commonly known as TCP/IP, emerge as the
protocol for ARPANET. This results in the fledgling definition of
the Internet as connected TCP/IP internets. TCP/IP remains the
standard protocol for the Internet.
January 1, 1983
 is considered the official birthday of
the Internet.
 Prior to this, thevarious computer
networks did not have a standard
way to communicate with each
other.
. ARPANET and the Defense Data
Network officially changed to the
TCP/IP standard on January 1, 1983,
hence the birth of the Internet.
 NET WORK GROWS
By the end of 1970s-computer scientist named
VINTON CERF(VINCEY)
 Hedeveloped away for all computers to
communicate with one another.
 He
called this invention TCP- TRANSMISSION
CONTROL PROTOCOL
 Then
later on,he added additional protocol
known as Internet Protocol.
 This
are the terms that we still used today as
TCP/IP
 Writerdescribes it as a “handshaker” that
introduced distant and different computers to
each other in Virtual space.
 Who pays for the internet?
 Everyone who uses the internet in some way
pays for it.
WHAT MAKES THE INTERNET WORK?
 Theunique thing about the internet is that it
allows many different computers to connect
and talk to each other.
 Thisis possible because of a set of
standards,known as protocols,that Govern the
transmission of data over network:
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol (TCP/IP)
Brief summary of the history of internet.

 As you might expect for a technology so

expensive and ever-changing, it is impossible to
credit the invention of the internet to a single
person.
 The Internet was the work of dozens of
pioneering scientists, programmers and
engineers who each developed new features
and technologies that eventually merged to
become the “information superhighway” we
know today.
 Long before the technology existed to actually
build the internet, many scientists had already
anticipated the existence of worldwide
networks of information.
 Nikola Tesla-toyed with the idea of a “world
wireless system” in the early 1900s, and
visionary thinkers like Paul Otlet and Vannevar
Bush conceived of mechanized, searchable
storage systems of books and media in the
1930s and 1940s.
 Still, the first practical schematics for the
internet would not arrive until the early
1960s, when MIT’s J.C.R. Licklider
popularized the idea of an “Intergalactic
Network” of computers.
 Shortly thereafter, computer scientists
developed the concept of “packet
switching,” a method for effectively
transmitting electronic data that would later
become one of the major building blocks of
the internet.
Internet came in the late 1960s with
the creation of ARPANET, or the
Advanced Research Projects Agency
Network.
Originally funded by the U.S.
Department of Defense, ARPANET
used packet switching to allow
multiple computers to communicate
on a single network.
 On October 29, 1969, ARPAnet delivered its
first message: a “node-to-node”
communication from one computer to another.
 The first computer was located in a research lab
at UCLA and the second was at Stanford; each
one was the size of a small house.
 The message—“LOGIN”—was short and simple,
but it crashed the fledgling ARPA network :
 The Stanford computer only received the note’s
first two letters.
 The technology continued to grow
in the 1970s after scientists Robert
Kahn and Vinton Cerf developed
Transmission Control Protocol and
Internet Protocol, or TCP/IP, a
communications model that set
standards for how data could be
transmitted between multiple
networks.
 ARPANET adopted TCP/IP on January 1, 1983,
and from there researchers began to assemble
the “network of networks” that became the
modern Internet.
 The online world then took on a more
recognizable form in 1990, when computer
scientist Tim Berners-Lee invented the World
Wide Web.
 While it’s often confused with the internet
itself, the web is actually just the most common
means of accessing data online in the form of
websites and hyperlinks.
The web helped popularize the
internet among the public, and
served as a crucial step in
developing the vast trove of
information that most of us now
access on a daily basis.
The end.