DRUG INDEX

Generic/ Brand
Dosage Mode of Action Indications Contraindications Adverse Effects
Name
Acetylsalicylic acid 325 mg/tab Antithrombotic, analgesic/antipyretic Prophylaxis of Use with caution in patients Gastric hemorrhage,
(Aspirin) or 80 mg/tab Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, thromboembolic disorder; prone to dyspepsia or known hypersensitivity and
resulting in analgesia, anti-inflammatory prevention of MI & stroke to have a lesion of the gastric thrombocytopenia may occur
activity and platelet aggregation mucosa. Do not administer to
inhibition; reduces fever by aacting on patients with hemophilia and
the brain’s heat-regulating canter to is not recommended to
promote vasodilation and sweating. infants <1 year. Caution is
necessary when renal or
hepatic function is impaired
and particularly in children
who are dehydrated
Aeknin 150mg/ml Inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins in Pyrexia of unknown origin. Anemia, cardiac & Hematological, skin & other
Paracetamol 2~3ml every the CNS & peripherally blocks pain Fever & pain associated with pulmonary disease. Hepatic allergic reactions
4 hours for impulse generation; produces antipyresis common childhood or severe renal disease
adult from inhibition of hypothalamic heart- disorders, tonsillitis, upper
1~2ml every regulating center resp tract infections post-
4 hours for immunization reactions, after
child tonsillectomy & other
conditions. Prevention of
febrile convulsion.
Headache, cold, sinusitis,
muscle pain, arthritis &
toothacke
Allopurinol 300mg / tab Absorption of most oral penicillins is Pregnancy & lactation. Rash or hypersensitivity
(Allomaron, Adult 2-10 impaired by food (except amoxicillin), Hepatic or renal impairment reactions (discontinue).
Allurase, Alpurase, mg/kg and should be administered 1-2 hours (reduce dose). Initiate Acute attack of gouty
Elavil, Llanol, BW/day. before a meal. Intravenous route is therapy after acute gout arthritis in early stages of
Lopric, Lopurine, Mild 100-200 preferred because of irritation and local attack has subsided therapy. GI disturbance.
Loricid, Purinase) mg daily. pian produced by the intramuscular Blood & lymphatic system
Moderately injection of large doses. Penicillin is disorders. Fever, general
severe 300- rapidly excreted by the kidney into the malaise, headache, vertigo,
600 mg daily urine, small amounts excreted via other ataxia.
routes
Amino acids 1.5-2ml/kg As a supplement to amino acid solutions Monitor hepatic function in
(Dipeptiven) BW/day, or an amino acid-containing infusion patients with compensated
max 3 wk regimen in parenteral nutrition for hepatic insufficiency.
hypercatabolic or hypermetabolic Pregnancy and lactation ,
patients children
Co-Amoxiclav 1 g tab once Inhibit cell wall synthesis. Beta Contraindicated in patients Diarrhea, nausea, skin
a day lactamase inhibitor and protect with penicillin rashes, urticaria, vaginitis,
hydrolysable penicillins from hypersensitivity. abdominal discomfort,
inactivation. Superinfections involving flatulence, headache
 Generic/ Brand
Dosage Mode of Action Indications Contraindications Adverse Effects
Name
pseudomonas or candida.
Pregnancy and lactation
Amoxicillin 500 mg/ cap Inhibit cell wall synthesis. Beta Respiratory tract, skin & soft Contraindicated in patients Effects: diarrhea, nausea,
P.O lactamase inhibitor and protect tissue infections with penicillin skin rashes, urticaria,
hydrolysable penicillins from hypersensitivity. vaginitis, abdominal
inactivation. Superinfections involving discomfort, flatulence,
pseudomonas or candida. headache
Pregnancy and lactation.
Asparaginase Adults and Hypersenstivity. Pregnancy: Nausea, vomiting, headache,
(Elspar, Oncaspar, children: 200 Use only if potential benefit fever, abdominal pain,
Erwinase) IU/KG justifies risk to the fetus hyperglycaemia leading to
intravenously Breast Feeding: Discontinue coma, hypersensitivity, renal
daily for 28 nursing or the drug damge, coagulation defects,
days thrombosis, CNS depression
or hyperexcitability, acute
hemorrhagic pancreatitis
Atorvastatin Ca 10 mg/tab Inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, the Reduction of elevated total & Active liver disease, Nausea & vomiting, diarrhea
Lipitor rate limiting enzyme in cholesterol LDL cholesterol pregnancy and lactation. abdominal pain, constipation,
synthesis, result in compensatory apolipoprotein B & dyspepsia, flatulence,
increase in expression of LDL receptors triglycerides & increase headache, myalgia,
on hepatocyte membranes & stimulation HDL cholesterol in patients insomnia, muscle cramps,
of LDL catabolism with primary peripheral edema
hypercholesterolemia.
Bacillus clausal 2billion/5ml Antidiarrheal Treatment of acute diarrhea N/A N/A
(Erceflora) Adult : 2~3 with duration of ≤14 days
vials/day, due to infections, drugs or
children : poisons or for chronic or
1~2vials/day persistent diarrhea with
duration of ≥14 days
Bromazepam 1.5 mg/tab Binds to stereo specific benzodiazepine Anxiety & tension state, Early pregnancy, lactation, Acute anxiety,
Lexotan TID receptors on the post synaptic GABA depressive mood, nervous myasthenia gravis hallucinations, excitation.
neuron at the several sites within the tension, agitation, insomnia,
CNS. Enhancement of the inhibitory functional state of CV &
effect of GABA on neuronal excitability respiratory system. Adjuvant
results by increased neuronal membrane to psychotherapy in
permeability to chloride ions. psychoneurosis
Cefazolin 0.5~1gram Bind to PBPs on bacterial cell Bone & joint infection, Hypersensitivity to Shock, hypersensitivity
every 5~12 membranes to inhibit bacterial cell wall bronchitis, gonorrhea, cephalosporin reaction, granulocytopenia,
hours synthesis by mechanisms similar to those meningitis, otitis media, eosinophilia,
Max 6g/day of the penicillins peritonitis, pharyngitis, thrombocytopenia, GI
sinusitis, skin infection, disturbance, convulsion, HA,
surgical infection, UTI dizziness, malaise
Cefoxitin sodium 1g IV every Active against g+ cocci (pneumococci, 2nd generation cephalosporin Patients with transient Hypotension, phlebitis,
(Monowel) 8 hours streptococci and staphylococci) and g- persistent reduction of thrombophlebitis,
 Generic/ Brand
Dosage Mode of Action Indications Contraindications Adverse Effects
Name
organisms. Active against B fragilis and urinary output due to renal pseudomembranous colitis,
some Serratia species but less active insufficiency. Precaution nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,
against H influenzae. Exhibit in vitro when used for neonates acute renal failure, transient
activity against enterobacter species, but neutropenia, dyspnea,
should not be used to treat infections maculopapular and
caused by these organisms because erythematous rash, urticaria,
resistant mutants constitutively express a hypersensitivity reactions,
chromosomal beta-lactamase that serum sickness, anaphylaxis,
hydrolyzes these compounds are readily fever
selected.
Ceftriaxone 1~2 g once a Bind to PBPs on bacterial cell Lower respiratory tract. Hypersensitivity to Hypersensitivity reaction,
daily membranes to inhibit bacterial cell wall Acute bacterial otitis media, cephalosporin urticaria, eosinophilia, serum
synthesis by mechanisms similar to those skin & skin structure, urinary sickness-like fever,
of the penicillins tract, meningitis & surgical anaphylaxis, neutropenia,
prophylaxis thrombocytopenia, ATN,
acute intestinal nephritis
Cefuroxime 500mg every Bind to PBPs on bacterial cell Bone & joint infection, hypersensitive to the drug or GI disturbances, occasionally
(Zinnat) 12 hours membranes to inhibit bacterial cell wall bronchitis, gonorrhea, other nitroimidazole pseudomembranous colitis;
IV, oral synthesis by mechanisms similar to those meningitis, otitis media, derivatives and in patients in hypersensitivity reactions.
of the penicillins peritonitis, pharyngitis, 1st trimester of pregnancy Eosinophilia. Headache.
sinusitis, skin infection, Superinfection or eythema
surgical infection, UTI multiforme, Stevens-Johnson
syndrome, toxic epidermal
necrolysis
Ciprofloxacin HCl 500mg / tab Inhibits DNA-gyrase in susceptible Gram negative infection. Pregnancy & lactation, Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,
Prozine Cystic organism; inhibit relaxation of Treatment of wide range of methicillin-resistant S.aureus abdominal pain, dyspepsia.
fibrosis supercoiled DNA and promotes breakage infections including anthrax, infections Headache, dizziness,
20mg/kg, of double-stranded DNA biliary tract infection, bone restlessness, tremor,
max 750mg & joint infections, drowsiness, rarely insomnia,
BID brucellosis, infected bites & visual & other sensory
Gonorrhea stings, cat scratch disease, disturbances. Rash, pruritus,
500mg OD chancroid, exacerbations of elevated liver enzyme values,
cystic fibrosis, jaundice, hepatitis.
gastroenteritis, gonorrhea, Eosinophilia, leucopenia,
legionnaire’s disease, otitis thrombocytopenia, hemolytic
media & externa, peritonitis, anemia or agranulocytosis.
Q fever, lower respiratory Transient increase in serum
tract infection creatinine or BUN
Clonidine Oral: Partial alpha-2 antagonist. Decrease Decrease dose with renal Orthostatic hypotension,
(Catapres) 0.1,0.2,0.3 preganglionic sympathetic outflow from insufficiency rash, drowsiness, dry mouth,
mg tablets brain resulting in decrease in blood constipation, headache,
Patche: pressure impaired ejaculation
release
0.1,0.2,0.3
 Generic/ Brand
Dosage Mode of Action Indications Contraindications Adverse Effects
Name
mg/24 hrs
Co-amoxiclav 625mg / cap Clavunate blocks the beta lactamae Side effects are uncommon
(Augmentin) BID or TID enzymes, thus, rendering the organisms and mainly of a mild and
sensitive to the amoxicillin’s rapid transitory nature
bactericidal effect at concentrations
readily attainable in the body.
Clavunalate by itself has little
bactericidal activity; however, in
association with amoxicillin, it produces
an antibiotic agent of broad spectrum
Diclofenac K 50~150mg Nonsteroidal Anti0inflammatory Drugs Short term treatment of post- Known hypersensitivity to Occasionally, GI disorder,
(Cataflam) /day traumatic & post op pain & diclofenac or other NSAIDs, HA, dizziness, vertigo, rash,
inflammation, gastric or intestinal ulcer elevation of serum
dysmenorrheal, migraine, transaminase
adnexitis
Diltiazem HCl 90 mg/ tab Calcium antagonist Management of Angina Sick sinus syndrome, 2nd or Peripheral edema,
Dilzem OD Inhibits movement of calcium ions pectoris & hypertension 3rd degree AV block, hypotension bradycardia,
across cell membrane in systemic and hypotension, pregnancy angina, AV block, abnormal
coronary vascular smooth muscle; slows acute MI ECG, arrhythmias; CNS:
calcium ion movement across cell dizziness, lightheadedness,
membranes in both cardiac muscle and headache, weakness,
cardiac pacemaker cells, decreasing shakiness, somnolence,
sinoatrial and atrioventricular conduction asthenia; DERM: dermatitis,
photosensitivity, petechiae,
rash; GI: nausea, vomiting,
constipation, abdominal
discomfort, cramps,
dyspepsia, dry mouth.
Diphenhydramine 50mg/mL for H1 receptor antagonist / Antihistamine Allergic reaction; motion GIT ulceration or GI disturbances, bleeding,
(Benadryl) injection Competes with histamine for H1- sickness inflammation drowsiness, dizziness
receptor sites on effector cells in the Symptomatic relief of
gastrointestinal tract, blood vessels, and condition like urticaria,
respiratory tract angioedema, rhinitis,
conjunctivitis, inpruritic skin
disorder
Domperidone 10mg, Peripheral dopamine receptor blocking Dyspeptic symptom complex GI hemorrhage, mechanical Rarely, increased prolactin
(Motilium) 1mg/ml properties. It increase esophageal associated with delayed obstruction or perforation; in levels. GI disorders.
1tab TID peristalsis and increase lower esophageal gastric emptying, GERD, patients w/ prolactin- Very rarely, transient
sphincter pressure, increase gastric esophagitis eg epigastric releasing pituitary tumor intestinal cramps.
motility and peristalsis and enhances sense of fullness, early (prolactinoma). Known Galactorrhea. Gynecomastia.
gastroduodenal coordination, therefore, satiety, feeling of abdominal intolerance to the drug. Amenorrhea.
facilitating gastric emptying and distention, upper abdominal
decrease small bowel transit time pain; bloating, erucation,
flatulence; heartburn w/ or
 Generic/ Brand
Dosage Mode of Action Indications Contraindications Adverse Effects
Name
w/o regurgitations of gastric
contents in the mouth.
Nausea & vomiting of
functional, organic,
infectious or dietetic origin
or induced by radio or drug
therapy
Doxorubicin IV 60-75 Doxorubicin prevents DNA replication. Close observation is required Cardiotoxicity. GI &
(Adriblastina, mg/m2 as The exact mechanism is still being esp during initial treatment. dermatologic disturbances.
Adrim, Axibin, single dose at studied, but it may be a "topoisomerase Monitor cardiac function. Myelosuppression &
Caelyx, Dactorubin, 21 day inhibitor". Topoisomerases are enzymes Myelosuppression & leucopenia. Dehydration &
Rubidox) interval that temporarily cut one strand of DNA immunosuppression. Hepatic facial flushing
during replication to help unwind the impairment, obesity &
double helix.. Doxorubicin prevents the extravasation
topoisomerase from reattaching the cut
ends
Enoxaparin sodium Causes higher anti-factor Xa to Use with caution in patients Derma: local eythema,
antithrombin activities (anti-factor IIa) prone to dyspepsia or known Hema: hemorrhage,
ration than heparin, which may prevent to have a lesion of the gastric thrombocytopenia, anemia,
thrombosis mucosa. Do not administer to Other: local irritation and
patients with hemophilia and pain; hematoma; nausea,
is not recommended to confusion, fever, edema,
infants <1 year. Caution is peripheral edema
necessary when renal or
hepatic function is impaired
and particularly in children
who are dehydrated
Esomeprazole 40 mg/tab suppresses gastric acid secretion by Erosive esophagitis, peptic Hypersensitivity Headache, diarrhoea,
(Nexium) specific inhibition of the H+/K+ ATPase ulcer, ZES, GERD abdominal pain, nausea,
in the gastric parietal cell. flatulence, dry mouth,
constipation, hyponatraemia,
photosensitivity,
angioedema, anaphylaxis.

Erceflora 2billion/5ml Antidiarrheal Treatment of acute diarrhea N/A N/A

Bacillus clausal Adult : 2~3 with duration of ≤14 days
vials/day, due to infections, drugs or
children : poisons or for chronic or
1~2vials/day persistent diarrhea with
duration of ≥14 days
Etoricoxib 90 mg/tab For relief of acute or chronic pain Advanced renal disease; Asthenia/fatigue, dizziness,
(Arcoxia) OD preexisting edema, lower extremity edema,
hypertension or heart failure; hypertension, dyspepsia,
liver dysfunction; previous heartburn, nausea, increased
 Generic/ Brand
Dosage Mode of Action Indications Contraindications Adverse Effects
Name
acute asthmatic attacks, ALT & AST
urticaria or rhinitis
precipitated by salicylates or
nonselective COX inhibitors
Flenax forte 550mg / tab Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Relief of mild to moderately Aspirin or other NSAIDs Abdominal discomfort,
BID ( NSAIDs) sever pain & fever w/ or w/o induced asthma, rhinitis or epigastric distress, GI
inflammation eg urticaria. Children under 2 reaction, peptic ulceration,
musculoskeletal trauma, y/o HA, nausea, peripheral
post-op pain & post dental edema
extraction
Furosemide Initially 20- Frusemide primarily inhibits sodium and Hypotension, latent or Symptomatic hypotension,
(Fremid, Fretic, 40 mg chloride absorption in the thick manifest diabetes mellitus, dehydration,
Frusema, Furoscan, IV/IM. If ascending limb of the loop of Henle gout, obstruction of urinary hemoconcentration;
Fusimex, Lasix) diuretic passages; hepatic cirrhosis hypokalemia, hyponatremia,
effect is not w/ concomitant renal metabolic acidosis; increase
satisfactory, insufficiency; of blood lipid levels, urea,
dose may be hypoproteinaemia; premature uric acid; reduced glucose
increased infant. Pregnancy, lactation tolerance; hearing disorders,
stepwise, at tinnitus; pancreatitis, GI
2-hrly symptoms; fever, vasculitis,
interval by interstitial nephritis;
20 mg each hemolytic or aplastic anemia,
time until leukocytopenia,
satisfactory agranulocytosis,
diuresis is thrombocytopenia
obtained, the
dose should
then be given
once-bid
Gentamycin 1~1.7mg/kg Aminoglycoside Bone & joint infection. CNS. Hypersensitivity to Nephritic (renal) effects,
every 8 hours Burnn & wound infection. amynoglycosides dizziness, tinnitus, vertigo,
UTI. Acute & chronic numbness, skin tingling,
suppurative otitis media, muscle twitching, respiratory
pneumonia, septicemia * depression, lethargy,
sinusitis confusion.
Hydrocortisone 100mg IV Corticosteroids enter the cell and bind to Corticosteroids may mask Sodium retention, fluid
sodium succinate every 8 hours cytosolic receptors that transport the some signs of infection, and retention, congestive heart
(Solu-cortef) steoid into the nucleus. The steroid- new infections may appear failure in susceptible
receptor complex alters gene expression during their use. There may patients, potassium loss,
by binding to glucocorticoid response be decreased resistance and hypokalemic alkalosis,
elements (GREs) or mineralocorticoid- inability to localize infection hypertension, increased
specific elements. Tissue-specific when corticosteroids are calcium excretion, steroid
responses to steroids are made possible used. Prolonged use of myopathy. Increase in
by the presence in each tissue of different corticosteroids may produce alanine transaminase (ALT,
 Generic/ Brand
Dosage Mode of Action Indications Contraindications Adverse Effects
Name
protein regulators that control the posterior subcapsular SGPT), aspartate
interaction between the hormone- cataracts, glaucoma with transaminase (AST, SGOT)
receptor complex and particular response possible damage to the optic and alkaline phosphatase,
elements nerves, and may enhance the these changes are usually
establishment of secondary small, not associated with
ocular infections any clinical syndrome and
Corticosteroids should be are reversible upon
used cautiously in patients discontinuation
with ocular herpes simplex
for fear of corneal
perforation.

Hydroxyurea Myeloprolife Cuases cell death by specific inhibition Monitor hematological Anemia, neutropenia,
(Hydab, Krabinex, rative of DNA synthesis. This action cuases parameters during treatment. leukopenia,
Litalir) disorders 20- regressions in chronic myeloid leukemia Chickenpox or herpes thrombocytopenia; burning,
30 mg/kg and other malignancies and psoriasis. infection, active infection or redness or pain at site of
daily. Acute The S-phase-specifec action of dental disease, marked renal radiation therapy; erythema,
leukemia 50- hydroxyrea can deplete bone marrow dysfunction, gout or maculopapular rash, sore
75 mg/kg precurso cells associated with nephrolithiasis, patients who mouth or lips, skin rash;
megaloblastic changes have received radiation or fever or chills, cough or sore
cytotoxic therapy causing throat; constipation or
myelosuppression diarrhea; stomatitis;
difficulty in micturition,
nausea, vomiting, low back
pain, fatigue, hyperuricemia
Hyoscine-N- 10mg/tab, Reversible .blockade of the actions of Acute GI, biliary & Avoid driving and operating Xerostomia, tachycardia,
butylbromide 20mg/amp cholinomimetics at muscarinic receptors genitourinary spasm, machinery after parenteral urinary retention, allergic
(Buscopan) 1~2 tab / amp including biliary & renal administration reactions, skin reactions
IV several colic. Parenterally also as an
times aid in diagnostic &
therapeutic procedures eg
gastroduodenal endoscopy,
radiology
Isosorbide-5- 325 mg/tab Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, Patients prone to dyspepsia Gastric hemorrhage,
mononitrate or 80 mg/tab resulting in analgesia, anti-inflammatory or known to have a lesion of hypersensitivity and
(Imdur) activity and platelet aggregation the gastric mucosa. Do not thrombocytopenia may occur
inhibition; reduces fever by acting on the administer to patients with
brain’s heat-regulating canter to promote hemophilia and is not
vasodilation and sweating recommended to infants <1
year. Caution is necessary
when renal or hepatic
function is impaired and
particularly in children who
are dehydrated.
 Generic/ Brand
Dosage Mode of Action Indications Contraindications Adverse Effects
Name
Isoxsuprine HCl 10mg/tab Isoxsuprine, a ß-adrenoceptor agonist, is Recent arterial hemorrhage, After oral administration,
(Isoxilan) an orally and perenterally active heart disease, severe anemia. side effects are rare;
peripheral vasodilator. It has a strong Parenterally, hypotension, palpitations, chest pains,
relaxing action on arteries and to a tachycardia, premature mild flushing, dizziness,
certain extent, also on cutaneous blood rupture of membranes or nausea, vomiting and rash
vessels. In addition to this, it had a direct immediately post partum have been reported.
relaxant effect on the smooth muscle Parenteral administration can
tissue of the uteru result in tachycardia,
palpitations, hypotension,
dizziness and flushing which
can be controlled by dose
reduction and by supine
position of the patient and
reversed if necessary by
parenteral administration of
noradrenaline.
Ketoprofen 100-300 mg Analgesic Renal impairment GI disorders, headache,
(Orudis) IV daily for a drowsiness, dizziness,
max of 48 edema, bullous dermatoses
hrs
Ketorolac 30 mg IV Analgesic, can also replace morphine in Special Precautions: in GI reactions, nausea,
trometamol TID situations involving mild to moderate pot patients with impaired renal dyspepsia, drowsiness,
(Toradol) op pain function. History of GIT headache, sweating edema,
disease, anaphylactoid bradycardia, palpitation,
reactions, elderly, hypotension, chest pain
coagulation disorders. Avoid
driving and operating
machinery
Lactulose 3.3g/5ml Laxative; the fecal bulk is increased and Constipation associated with Galactosemia, bowel Initial dosing may produce
(Duphalac) Starting softened and peristalsis is stimulated, by ped problems, post-op; obstruction, hypersensitivity flatulence and meteorism,
Adult : which normal bowel action is restored. pregnancy & postnatal Special concerns in lactose which are usually transient
15~45ml Lactulose does not irritate gut mucosa period; bedridden & geriatric intolerance and disappear under
Child :5~15 patients; surgical procedures; continued therapy
ml painful rectal & anal Diarrhea
Maintenance conditions; laxative
Adult : dependence; barium x-ray
10~25ml investigation; drug-induced
Child :5~20 constipation
ml
Loperamide 2mg/cap, Directly acts on intestinal muscles to Anti-diarrheal Constipation, acute Constipation, nausea,
(Diatabs, Imodium) 2cap inhibit peristalsis and prolongs transit Symptomatic control of ulcerative, vomiting, tiredness,
followed by time enhancing fluid & electrolyte acute & chronic diarrhea, pseudomembranous colitis, drowsiness or dizziness, dry
1cap after movement through intestinal mucosa; ileostomy acute dysentery mouth
unformed reduces fecal volume, increase viscosity
 Generic/ Brand
Dosage Mode of Action Indications Contraindications Adverse Effects
Name
stool & diminishes fluid and electrolyte loss;
demonstrates antisecretory activity;
exhibits peripheral action
Maalox Chewtab 2~4 Antacids, antireflux & antiulcerants Symptomatic relief of Severe debilitation, kidney Rarely, GI disturbance
Al(OH)3 200mg, Susp 2~4tsp agents hyperacidity failure
Mg(OH)2 200mg QID
Mefenamic acid 500 mg/cap Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis by Pain, headache, muscular GIT ulceration or GI disturbances, bleeding,
P.O decreasing the activity of the enzyme, and traumatic pain, dental inflammation drowsiness, dizziness
cyclooxygenase, which results in pain, post-op & post partum
decrease formation of the protaglandin pain, dysmenorrhea
precursor
Methylergometrine 125~250mg Similar smooth muscle actions as seen Completion of 3rd stage Abnormal presentation, Headache, HTN, skin
hydrogen maleate orally TID with ergotamine; however, affects labor. Uterine before delivery of child is eruptions, abdominal pain
(Methergin) primarily uterine smooth muscle atony/hemorrhage completed & in multiple
producing sustained contractions and birth not before the last child
thereby shorten the third stage of labor has bee delivered.
Methylergonovine Produces rhythmic uterine contractions Documented xerostomia, tachycardia,
(Syntocinon) and can stimulate the gravid uterus; has hypersensitivity; pregnant urinary retention, allergic
vasopressive and antidiuretic effects; can patients with severe toxemia, reactions, skin reactions
control postpartum bleeding or unfavorable fetal positions,
hemorrhage by increasing postpartum and a contracting uterus with
myometrial tonus hypertonic or hyperactive
patterns; labor in which
vaginal delivery should be
avoided, such as invasive
cervical carcinoma, cord
presentation or prolapse,
active herpes genitalis, total
placenta previa, and vasa
previa
Methotrexate Induction 3.3 Inhibits dihydrofolic acid reductase and Preexisting liver damage or Dermatological &
(Biomedis mg/m2 w/ therefore interferes with DNA synthesis impaired hepatic function. hypersensitivity reactions.
Methotrexate soln, prednisolone and cell replication. Actively multiplying Malignant disease w/ Bone marrow depression,
Emthexate vial, 60 mg/m2 cells such as malignant cells, bone preexisting bone marrow leucopenia, neutropenia,
Methobax vial, daily. marrow, foetal cells, buccal and aplasia, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, decreased
Pfizer Methotrexate Maintenance intestinal mucosa and cells in urinary thrombocytopenia or serum albumin, anemia,
vial) therapy 30 bladder are more sensitive. In patients anaemia. Infection, peptic pancytopenia,
mg/m2 IM with rheumatoid arthritis, mehtotrexate ulcer, ulcerative colitis, hypogammaglobulinemia.
twice reduces joint swelling and tenderness debility & extreme youth & Mucositis, anorexia, nausea,
wkly or 2.5 old age. Monitor renal vomiting, diarrhea,
mg/kg IV function & serum levels abdominal distress,
every 14 when giving high dose; give hematemesis, melena, Renal
days Ca folinate, hydration & failure, azotemia, cystitis,
urine alkalinisation hematuria, urogenital or
 Generic/ Brand
Dosage Mode of Action Indications Contraindications Adverse Effects
Name
menstrual dysfunction
Metoclopramide 10mg/tab, Metoclopramide stimulates motility of Antiemetic, prokinetic agent GI hemorrhage, mechanical In approximately 10%
5mg/5ml the upper GIT without stimulating Disturbances of GI motility obstruction or perforation, restlessness, drowsiness,
susp. gastric, biliary or pancreatic secretions. including GERD & diabetic pheochromocytoma, fatigue and lassitude. Less
10-15mg Its mode of action is unclear. It seems to gastroparesis. Nausea & epileptics frequently, insomnia,
QID, 30 sensitize tissues to the action of vomiting of central & headache, dizziness, nausea
minutes acetylcholine. The effect of peripheral origin associated or bowel disturbances may
before food metoclopramide on motility is not with surgery, metabolic occur
intak IV, dependent on intact vagal innervation, disease, infectious disease,
Tab, Syrup but it can be abolished by migraine headache or drugs
anticholinesterase. Blocks dopamine and including cancer
serotonin in the CTZ of the CNS, which chemotherapy. Facilitate
is responsible for its antiemetic action. small bowel intubation &
Also increases LES tone radiological procedure of
GIT
Metoprolol The ß-blocking activity primarily affects Lactation: excreted in breast CV: hypotension, edema,
(Neobloc) the cardiovascular system (decreases milk; Children: safety and flushing; bradycardia; CNS:
heart rate, decreases contractility, efficacy not established; headache, fatigue, dizziness,
decreases BP) and lungs (promotes Anaphylaxis: Deaths have depression, lethargy,
bronchospasm) occurred; aggressive therapy drowsiness, forgetfulness;
may be required; AV block, sleepiness; vertigo,
slows AV conduction and paresthesia; DERM: rash,
may cause heart block; facial erythema; alopecia,
Bradycardia urticaria, pruritus; EENT:
dry eyes, visual disturbances;
GI: Nausea, vomiting,
diarrhea; GU: impotence,
urinary retention, difficulty
with urination
Metronidazole 500mg every A direct acting trichomonacide and Amoebiasis, giardiasis, Hypersensitive to the drug or vertigo, headache, ataxia,
8 hours amebecide that works at both intestinal urethritis & vaginitis due to other nitroimidazole dizziness,syncope,
IV, Oral and extraintestinal sites. Thought to enter trichomonas, aerobic derivatives and in patients in confusion,
the cells of microorganisms that contain infection 1st trimester of pregnancy irritability,weakness,
nitroreductase. Unstable compounds are depression
then formed that bind to DNA and inhibit
synthesis, causing cell death
Midazolam ½ tablet Acute narrow angle Sedation, hypnosis,
(Dormicum) initially then glaucoma, premature infants anesthesia, anticonvulsant,
½ tablet muscle relaxant
every 2 hours
prior to
operation
Moxifloxacin 400mg / tab Inhibits DNA gyrase and Topoisomerase Antibiotic / Quinolone Caution for use with other Dizziness (3%) Nausea (7%)
(Avelox) once a day IV. This results in inhibition of DNA QTc prolonging drugs and Diarrhea (6%)
 Generic/ Brand
Dosage Mode of Action Indications Contraindications Adverse Effects
Name
replication and translation, DNA repair, corticosteroids. May
recombination and transposition, which aggravate myasthenia gravis
causes bacterial cell death
Myrin 300/150/75 Oral chemotherapeutic agent which is Ethambutol may produce
(Ethambutol HCl, mg tab once specially effective against actively decrease in visual acuity
Rifampicin, a day growing microorganisms of the genus which appear to be due to
Isoniazid) Mycobacterium optic neuritis and to be
related to dose and duration
of treatment. The effects are
generally reversible when
administration of the drug is
discontinued promptly.
Isoniazid: peripheral
neuropathy is the most
common toxic effect. It is
dose-related, occurs most
often in the malnourished
and in those predisposed to
neuritis, and is usually
preceded by paresthesias of
the feet and hand. Pyridoxine
has been used successfully
for prophylaxis and
treatment of isoniazid
induced peripheral neuritis.
Severe and sometimes fatal
hepatitis associated with
isoniazid therapy may occur
and may develop even after
many months of treatment.
The risk of developing
hepatitis is age-related and is
increased with daily
consumption of alcohol.
Urinary disturbance in the
male, constipation and
dryness of the mouth have
been reported.
Rifampicin: GI disturbances,
headache, drowsiness,
fatigue, menstrual
disturbances, ataxia,
dizziness, fatigue, metal
disturbances. Chronic liver
 Generic/ Brand
Dosage Mode of Action Indications Contraindications Adverse Effects
Name
disease, alcoholism and old
age appear to increase the
incidence of severe hepatic
problems when rifampicin is
given alone or concurrently
with isoniazid
Nalbuphine 5 mg IM Binds to opiate receptors in the CNS. Opioid Analgesic Impaired renal or hepatic Sedation, infrequently
(Nubain) 0.15-0.2 Alters the perception of and response to function, biliary tract sweating, GI upsets, vertigo,
mg/kg BW painful stimuli, while producing surgery, impaired respiration, dizziness, dry mouth,
generalized CNS depression. Decrease in MI, labour and delivery headache, allergic reactions
moderate and severe pain
Nicardipine Oral: 20,30 Potent peripheral vasodilator. Little Severe aortic stenosis Peripheral edema; dizziness,
(Cardepine) mg depression of nodes. Causes reflex nausea, transient
Parenteral: increase in heart rate and output hypotension, MI, reflex
2.5 mg/mL tachycardia, pulmonary
edema, fewer myocardial
infarctions, more palpitations
Nifedipine 10mg TID or Inhibits calcium ion from passing Hypersensityvity to any Flushing, Edema, Headache,
(Adalat, Calibloc, 30mg OD through slow channels on voltage component of nifedipine dizziness, Weakness,
Calchek, Nelapine, (Extended sensitive areas of both smooth muscle tablet or capsule. transient hypotension
Nifelan) release and myocardium, causing coronary Do not use short acting
tablets) max vasodilation, stabilizes cell membranes. nifedipine in cases of
120- Increases myocardial oxygen sypply emergency, serious side
180mg/day effects such as0020CVD,
syncope, heart block, stroke,
AMI, etc.), Avoid with
concurrent intake of
grapefruit juice. Do not
withdraw abruptly in
Hypertensive patients
OMX Probiotics 2~10 cap per Normalizes the micro flora (lactic acid Effective in vitro against the
Probiotics 12+ day bacteria) in the intestinal tract, most virulent pathogens
Professional Reestablishes the colon's optimum pH including:
Formula level and Probiotics 12 plus, Suppresses MRSA - the Methicillin-
the growth of bad bacteria, stimulates the resistant Staphylococcus
immune system, fortifies the body's aureus superbug,
ability to absorb nutrients, provides E coli-157 (cause of food
complex B vitamins, antioxidants, poisoning),
minerals & amino acids. Bacillus cereus (cause of
intestinal anthrax),
H. pylori (the cause of peptic
ulcers), and
L clostridium, that results in
morning sickness, migraine
 Generic/ Brand
Dosage Mode of Action Indications Contraindications Adverse Effects
Name
and cluster headaches.
Orofar Soln After Pregnancy & lactation. Not Isolated cases of skin rash;
(Benzoxonium Cl 0.5 morning & for childn <4 yr occasional & transient cases
mg, lidocaine HCl evening of mild local irritation
0.5 mg) meals, gargle
or rinse
mouth for
30-60 sec w/
1 tbsp of
undiluted
soln (do not
swallow). If
continued
treatment is
indicated, the
soln may be
used more
often or may
be replaced
by loz during
the day.
Childn >4 yr
Dose should
be reduced.
Max: 6
loz/day. Use
only 1 tsp of
soln to rinse
or gargle
Oxytocin Produces rhythmic uterine contractions Documented Xerostomia, tachycardia,
(Syntocinon) and can stimulate the gravid uterus; has hypersensitivity; pregnant urinary retention, allergic
vasopressive and antidiuretic effects; can patients with severe toxemia, reactions, skin reactions
control postpartum bleeding or unfavorable fetal positions,
hemorrhage by increasing postpartum and a contracting uterus with
myometrial tonus hypertonic or hyperactive
patterns; labor in which
vaginal delivery should be
avoided, such as invasive
cervical carcinoma, cord
presentation or prolapse,
active herpes genitalis, total
placenta previa, and vasa
previa
Pankreatoflat 170/80 mg Pancreatin corrects the fermentative and Hypersensitivity reactions
 Generic/ Brand
Dosage Mode of Action Indications Contraindications Adverse Effects
Name
(Pancreatin, tab OD putrefactive process that are the main have been reported; these
dimethicone) causes of pathological formation of gas. may be sneezing, lacrimation
Activated dimethylpolysiloxane or skin rashes
eliminates foam, facilitating the
absorption of pathological accumulation
of gas in the intestine
Pantoprazole 20-40mg 1x Inhibits H+/K+ ATPase pump in parietal Proton Pump Inhibitor Safety and efficacy not Chest pain (I.V. < or =6%),
(Ulcepraz, Pantoloc) a day cells, inhibiting acid secretion. Also established beyond 16 Pain, migraine, anxiety,
reduces in-vitro counts of H. pylori by weeks. Prolonged treatment dizziness, headache (I.V.
more than 4x at pH of 4 may lead to Vit B12 >1%) Rash (I.V. 6%),
malabsorption pruritus (I.V. 4%)
Hyperglycemia (1%),
hyperlipidemia, Diarrhea
(4%), constipation,
dyspepsia, gastroenteritis,
nausea, rectal disorder,
vomiting, abdominal pain
(I.V. 12%), Urinary
frequency, urinary tract
infection, Liver function test
abnormality, increased SGPT
Injection site pain (>1%)
Weakness, back pain, neck
pain, arthralgia, hypertonia,
Bronchitis, increased cough,
dyspnea, pharyngitis,
rhinitis, sinusitis, upper
respiratory tract infection,
Flu syndrome, infection
Paracetamol 500mg/tab, Inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins in Relief of fever, minor aches Anemia, cardiac & Allergic skin reaction & GI
(Biogesic) 250mg/5ml the CNS & peripherally blocks pain & pains pulmonary disease. Hepatic disturbances
250~500mg impulse generation; produces antipyresis or severe renal disease
every 3~6hrs from inhibition of hypothalamic heat-
regulating center
Pethidine HCl 25 mg IV Exert its analegic effects by the same For moderate to severe pain, Head injury, increased Respiratory depression,
(Demerol) mechanism as morphine, by acting as an pre op medication, analgesia intracranial pressure, acurte circulatory depression, resp.
agonist at the u-opioid receptor. asthma, atrial flutter, arrest, shock, cardiac arrest,
convulsive disorders, acute GI disturbance. Dizziness,
abdominal conditions sedation, headache,
dysphoria, tremor, agitation,
hallucination, disorientation
Potassium citrate 1080 mg / Inhibitor of crystallization; used in Treatment of patients with Patients with altered Slight gastrointestinal
(Acalka) Tablet TID treatment of patients with renal lithiasis renal lithisis & potassium excretion disorders may appear which
and hypocitraturia, chronic formers of hypocitraturia, chornic mechanism, hyperpotassemia can be palliated by means of
 Generic/ Brand
Dosage Mode of Action Indications Contraindications Adverse Effects
Name
calcium oxalate, phosphate calculi; uric formers of Ca oxalate, may appear. In patients with concomitant administration
acid lithiasis alone or accompanied by phosphate calculi. Uric acid renal insufficiency, an with food.
calcium lithiasis, and renal tubular lithiasis alone alone or increased risk of appearance
acidosis with calcium nephrolithiasis. accompanied by Ca lithiasis. of hyperpotassemia
Renal tubular acidosis with
Ca nephrolithiasis.
Prozine 500mg / tab Inhibits DNA-gyrase in susceptible Gram negative infection. Pregnancy & lactation, Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,
Ciprofloxacin HCl Cystic organism; inhibit relaxation of Treatment of wide range of methicillin-resistant S.aureus abdominal pain, dyspepsia.
fibrosis supercoiled DNA and promotes breakage infections including anthrax, infections Headache, dizziness,
20mg/kg, of double-stranded DNA biliary tract infection, bone restlessness, tremor,
max 750mg & joint infections, drowsiness, rarely insomnia,
BID brucellosis, infected bites & visual & other sensory
Gonorrhea stings, cat scratch disease, disturbances. Rash, pruritus,
500mg OD chancroid, exacerbations of elevated liver enzyme values,
cystic fibrosis, jaundice, hepatitis.
gastroenteritis, gonorrhea, Eosinophilia, leucopenia,
legionnaire’s disease, otitis thrombocytopenia, hemolytic
media & externa, peritonitis, anemia or agranulocytosis.
Q fever, lower respiratory Transient increase in serum
tract infection creatinine or BUN
Ranitidine 50mg SIV Inhibits action of histamine at the H2 Histamine H2 Antagonist, Renal impairment, hepatic Headache, dizziness, nausea
(Ulcin / Zantac) TID receptor site located primarily in the Antiulcer impairment, pregnancy, and vomiting
gastric parietal cells lactation, or children
Rofecoxib 50mg tab Produces anti-inflammatory, analgesic Contraindicated in patients Headache, asthenia, fatigue,
(Vioxx) BID and antipyretic effects, possibly by hypersensitive to drug or its dizziness, hypertension, leg
inhibiting prostaglandin synthesi components and in those edema, sinusitis, diarrhea,
who have experienced dyspepsia, epigastric
asthma, urticaria, allergic discomfort, heartburn,
reactions after taking aspirin nausea, abdominal pain, UTI,
or other NSAIDs. Also back pain, bronchitis, URTI,
contraindicated in patients flu syndrome
with advanced renal disease
or moderate or severe hepatic
insufficiency and in pregnant
women because it may cause
ductus arteriosus to close
prematurely
Salbutamol 2mg/tab, relaxes bronchial smooth muscle by Prevention & relief from Special precaution : coronary Palpation, tachycardia,
(Asmalin) 2mg/5ml action on B2 receptors with little effect bronchospasm associated insufficiency, cardiac increased BP, headache,
susp. on the heart rate with reversible obstructive arrhythmias, hypertension, nervousness, dizziness,
1tab TID, 2.5 airway disease eg bronchial convulsive disorder, heartburn, epistaxis, cough,
~ 5ml TID asthma hyperthyroidism, diabetes GI discomfort, throat
mellitus; pregnancy, irritation & tremor
lactation.
 Generic/ Brand
Dosage Mode of Action Indications Contraindications Adverse Effects
Name
Salbutamol Inhalant: 40 Beta adrenergic receptor agonist - causes Treatment & prevention of Threatened abortion during Thyrotoxicosis, inhaled
(Ventolin) micrograms/ bronchodilation bronchial asthma, bronchitis, 1st or 2nf trimesters of salbutamol prep are not
puff aerosol Inhalational: Onset < 15 m, dur 3-4 h emphysema with associated pregnancy. Toxaemia of appropriate for managing
Oral: 2,4 mg PO: onset <30m, dur 4-8 hours reversible airway pregnancy, antepartum premature labour. Pregnancy,
tablets; 2 obstruction. haemorrhage, placenta lactation. Acute severe
mg/mL syrup praevia. asthma. Monitor fluid
balance, cardiorespiratory
function & ECG
Simvastatin 10~80mg tab Statins inhibit the enzyme HMG-CoA The most common side
(Vidastat, Zocor) OD reductase which is the rate limiting step effect of statins is in the
in the synthesis of cholesterol. Intake of gastrointestinal system, with
statins results in lowering of LDL and reports of constipation and
elevation of HDL. Statins have been nausea. May also affect the
demonstrated to be cardioprotective and liver, causing drug induced
reduces risk of cardiovascular events hepatitis
Sulbactam- 375 mg/tab Inhibition of cell wall synthesis Overgrowth of non- GI disturbances, phlebitis,
Ampicillin BID susceptible organism. Check skin rashes, itching, blood
(Unasyn) periodically for organ system disorders, anaphylaxis,
dysfunction during superinfection
prolonged therapy
Tramadol 50-100mg Binds to Mu Opiate receptors in the brain Hypersensitivity to tramadol Most common side effects
(Dolotral, Silverol, every 4-6 and spinal cord, which alters sensation or any component of the are CNS related: Headaches,
TDL, Tradonal, hours, not to and response to pain. Also inhibits tablets or Ampoule solution. dizziness, somnolence,
Trama) exceed reuptake of serotonin and Patients intoxicated with vertigo. May cause
400mg/day norepinephrine, which also results in alcohol or other sedating vasodilaton and hypotonia
alteration in pain signal transmission drugs
Use with extreme precaution
among patients taking other
CNS drugs particularly
sedatives or CNS depressants
Tranexamic Acid 250- Competitively inhibits activation of Menorrhagea, Metrorrhagea, Acquired defective color Gastrointestinal >10%
500mg/cap plasminogen to plasmin, which inhibits valvular heart surgery, GI vision, active intravascular (nausea, diarrhea, vomiting),
1-2 cap fibrinolysis. Also inhibits plasmin hemorrhage, Hereditary clotting, subarachnoid Cardiovascular and Ocular
TID/QID proteolytic activity angioneurotic edema hemorrhage, Concurrent 1% to 10% (Hypotension,
250-500mg factor IX complex or anti- thrombosis, blurred vision)
IV slow push inhibitor coagulant
concentrates, patients with
cardiovascular, renal, CVD,
and thromboembolic disease
Valdecoxib 20mg / tab Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Patients with known Dry mouth, hypertension,
(Bextra) once daily pathway hypersensitivity to peripheral edema, ,
Valdecoxib. Patients who abdominal fullness,
have demonstrated allergic- abdominal pain, diarrhea,
type reactions to dyspepsia, nausea, anemia,
 Generic/ Brand
Dosage Mode of Action Indications Contraindications Adverse Effects
Name
sulfonamides. Patient who sinusitis, rash
have experienced asthma,
urticaria, allergic type
reactions after taking
NSAIDS including other
COX-2 inhibitors
Valproic acid 250mg, 15ml Valproic acid and its derivative, Should not take this drug if The most common side
(Depakene) NGT divalproex, are oral drugs that are used you have liver disease or effects with valproic acid
30ml/day for the treatment of convulsions, your liver is not functioning therapy are drowsiness,
migraines and bipolar disorder. The properly, or if you have had dizziness, nausea, vomiting,
active ingredient in both products is an allergic reaction to it. indigestion, diarrhea, weight
valproic acid or valproate. Scientists do loss and tremors.
not know the mechanism of action of Liver injury, pancreatitis and
valproate. The most popular theory is abnormal bleeding
that valproate exerts its effects by
increasing the concentration of gamma-
aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain.
Gamma-aminobutyric acid is a
neurotransmitter, a chemical that nerves
use to communicate with one anothe
Vincristine Adult 0.4-1.4 vincristine and other vinca alkaloids Biliary obstruction, Neurotoxicity. CNS effects
(Alcavixin, Biomedis mg/m2 BSA. exert their cytotoxic effects by binding to preexisting neuropathies, eg depression, agitation,
Vincristine, Childn 1.5-2 tubulin, the protein subunit of the liver dysfunction or jaundice insomnia, hallucinations &
Nevexitin, Pfizer mg/m2 BSA, microtubles that form the mitotic spindle. & elderly. Extravasation, episodes of altered
Vincristine) < 10 kg or The formation of vincristine-tublin nephrotoxicity, hepatic consciousness. Rare
BSA < 1 m2 complexes prevent the polymerization of impairment. Pregnancy, hypersensitivity. Leucopenia,
0.05 mg/kg the tubulin subunits into microtublues lactation. Fatal if given anemia, thrombocytopenia.
wkly and induces depolymerization of intrathecally GI effects. Hyperuricemia,
microtubules resulting in inhibition of uric acid nephropathy,
microtubule assembly and cellular polyuria, dysuria & urinary
metaphase arrest. In high concentrations, retention due to bladder
the drug also exerts complex effects on atony. Alopecia. Increased
nucleic acid and protein synthesis. urinary Na excretion.
Vincristine exerts some Hypertension, hypotension.
immunosuppressive activity Fever, headache

Vitamin A 25,000iu Supplementation Treatment of vit A Special precaution in

Retinol palmitate deficiency pregnancy. Excessive doses
may lead to hypervitaminosis
Vitamin E 300iu, 400iu Supplementation Maintains healthy skin &
DI-a-tocopheryl eyes. Protects against
acetate artherosclerosis & CV
(Mira E ) disorders. Improves nerve
functions & prevents onset of
 Generic/ Brand
Dosage Mode of Action Indications Contraindications Adverse Effects
Name
neuromuscular degenerative
diseases
Vasaltarn/ 80/12.5 mg Hydrochlorothiazide belongs to the Hypertension Pregnancy & severe hepatic Headache, dizziness, fatigue.
Hydroclorothiazide( tab thiazide class of diuretics, acting on the impairment, biliary cirrhosis Hydrochlorothiazide:
Co-Diovan) 160/12.5 mg kidneys to reduce sodium (Na) & cholestasis. Anuria, severe Hypokalemia,
tab reabsorption in the distal convoluted renal impairment (CrCl <30 hyperuricemia, electrolyte
320/12.5 mg tubule. This increases the osmolarity in mL/min). Refractory disturbances, postural
tab the lumen, causing less water to be hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypotension, rise in blood
320/25 mg reabsorbed from the c hypercalcemia & lipids
tab ollecting ducts. This leads to increased symptomatic hyperuricemia.
urinary output
Acetazolamide 250-375 the drug forces the kidneys to excrete Prophylaxis of high altitude Hypersensitivity to Drowsiness, paraesthesia,
mg/day bicarbonate, the conjugate base of sickness, Acute closed angle sulphonamides; sodium or ataxia, dizziness, thirst,
250-1000 mg carbonic acid. By increasing the amount glaucoma, Epilepsy potassium depletion, hepatic anorexia, headache;
24 hrly of bicarbonate excreted in the urine, the insufficiency; hepatic confusion, malaise,
8-30 blood becomes more acidic. Acidifying cirrhosis; hyperchloraemic depression; GI distress,
mg/kg/day the blood stimulates ventilation, which acidosis; severe renal metabolic acidosis, polyuria,
increases the amount of oxygen in the impairment; severe hyperuricaemia, renal
blood pulmonary obstruction; calculi, nephrotoxicity,
chronic noncongestive angle- hepatic dysfunction.
closure glaucoma; Potentially Fatal: Rarely,
adrenocortical insufficiency. skin reactions or blood
Pregnancy, lactation dyscrasias.
Bromazepam 1.5-3 mg up Bromazepam is a "classical" Anxiety & tension states, Early pregnancy, lactation. Acute anxiety,
(Lexotan) to tid benzodiazepine. depressive mood, nervous Myasthenia gravis hallucinations, insomnia or
6-12 mg bid- tension, agitation & excitation.
tid insomnia. Adjuvant to
psychotherapy in
psychoneurosis
Mannitol 0.2 g/kg over Mannitol increases urinary output by Oliguric phase of renal Pulmonary congestion or Fluid and electrolyte
3-5 mins inhibiting tubular reabsorption of water failure, Raised intracranial oedema; intracranial imbalance; acidosis (with
50-100 g in a and electrolytes. It raises the osmotic pressure, Cerebral oedema, bleeding; CHF; metabolic high doses). Nausea,
24-hr period pressure of the plasma allowing water to Transurethral prostatic oedema with abnormal vomiting, thirst; headache,
via infusion be drawn out of body tissues. resection capillary fragility; anuria due dizziness, convulsions,
0.25-2 g/kg Onset: Diuresis: 1-3 hr. Reduction in to severe renal disease; chills, fever; tachycardia,
over 30-60 intracerebral pressure: around 15 min. severe dehydration chest pain; blurred vision;
mins Duration: Reduction in intracerebral urticaria and hypotension or
pressure: 1.5-6 hr. hypertension; acute renal
Absorption: Small amounts are absorbed failure; skin necrosis;
from the GI tract. thrombophloebitis.
Distribution: Concentrated in
extracellular compartments. It does not
penetrate the blood-brain barrier nor the
eye.
 Generic/ Brand
Dosage Mode of Action Indications Contraindications Adverse Effects
Name
Citicholine; 200-600 mg Citicoline increases blood flow and O2 Head injury hypersensitivity reaction Stomach pain, diarrhea;
cytidine 5'- for head consumption in the brain. It is also Cerebrovascular disorders Parasympathetic hypertonia. hypotension, tachycardia,
diphosphocholine injury involved in the biosynthesis of lecithin Parkinsonism bradycardia.
Cerebrovascu Cerebrovascular disorders
lar disorders
Adult: 200-
600 mg daily
in divided
doses.
Oral
Parkinsonism
Adult: 200-
600 mg daily
in divided
doses.
Parenteral
Vitamin K 0.5mg IM Promotes liver synthesis of clotting Prophylaxis and therapy of Coumarin and indanedione Allergic reactions, including
factors (II, VII,IX,X). hemorrhagic disease of the derivatives anaphylactoid reaction, pain,
newborn swelling
Diazepam Blinds to stereospecific benzodiazepine short term treatment of preexisting CNS depression sedation, muscle weakness,
receptors on the post synaptic GABA severe anxiety disorder, or coma, respiratory ataxia
neuron at several sites within the CNS, status epilepticus, depression, pulmonary
including the limbic system, reticular convulsions, control of insufficiency
system muscle spasm such as tetanus
Ipratropium Br 20 MDI Adult 2 Ipratropium: It blocks muscarinic Management of reversible Hypertrophic obstructive Fine tremor of skeletal
mcg, salbutamol puffs tid-qid. cholinergic receptors, without specificity bronchospasm associated w/ cardiomyopathy or muscle; palpitations;
120 mcg Max 12 for subtypes, resulting in a decrease in obstructive airway diseases tachyarrhythmia. History of headache, dizziness,
(Combivent) puffs/day. the formation of cyclic guanosine in patients who require more hypersensitivity to soya nervousness; dryness of
Unit dose monophosphate (cGMP). Most likely due than a single bronchodilator lecithin or related food mouth, throat irritation;
vial Adult & to actions of cGMP on intracellular products (for MDI only) urinary retention.
childn >12 yr calcium, this results in decreased
1 vial every contractility of smooth muscle in the
6-8 hr. lung, inhibiting bronchoconstriction and
Childn 2-12 mucus secretion.
yr 3 Salbutamol: a short-acting β2-adrenergic
drops/kg/dos receptor agonist used for the relief of
e (max: 2500 bronchospasm in conditions such as
mcg of asthma and chronic obstructive
salbutamol) pulmonary disease.
every 6-8 h
Clarithromycin 7.5 mg/kg Clarithromycin prevents bacteria from Upper & lower resp tract, Known hypersensitivity to Nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia,
(Klaricid) bid up to a growing by interfering with their protein acute otitis media, skin & macrolides. Concomitant use abdominal pain, taste
max 500 mg synthesis. Clarithromycin binds to the soft tissue infections. of clarithromycin w/ perversion, diarrhea,
bid. Usual subunit 50S of the bacterial ribosome Disseminated or localized astemizole, cisapride, headache & skin rash.
 Generic/ Brand
Dosage Mode of Action Indications Contraindications Adverse Effects
Name
duration: 5- and thus inhibits the translation of mycobacterial infections due pimozide, terfenadine &
10 days peptides. Clarithromycin has similar to Mycobacterium avium or ergotamine or
antimicrobial spectrum as erythromycin Mycobacterium dihydroergotamine. Patients
but is more effective against certain intracellulare receiving terfenadine therapy
gram-negative bacteria, particularly w/ preexisting cardiac
Legionella pneumophila. Besides this abnormalities or electrolyte
bacteriostatic effect, clarithromycin also disturbances
has bactericidal effect on certain strains
such as Haemophilus influenzae,
Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria
gonorrhoeae..
Metformin 500 mg tab decreases hepatic glucose production, adjunct to diet and exercise Diabetic ketoacidosis or upper respiratory tract
decreasing intestinal absorption of management of type 2 diabetic coma infection , headache, back
glucose and imporves insulin sensitivity diabetes pain,viral infection,
arthralgia
Ambroxol 30mg/5ml a secreolytic. It causes the formation of respiratory tract disease mild GI effects and allergic mild GI effects and allergic
(Mucosolvan) the qualitative different mucus of the associated with abnormal reactions reactions
lower mucus-secreting cells and thus mucus secretions, especially
leads to the liquefication of the mucus in in exacerbation of asthmatic
the lumenof the respiratory tract. bronchitis and chronic
bronchitis
Isoxsuprine HCl 10mg/tab a β-adrenoceptor agonist with selectivity Treatment of circulatory Recent arterial hemorrhage, Transient palpitations, fall in
(Duvadilan) of action for the smooth muscles of the disorders & uterine heart disease, severe anemia BP, dizziness. Skin rash
blood vessels, particularly the cerebral hypermotility.
vessels and the deeper vessels of the
limbs. In higher doses, isoxsuprine has a
relaxant action on the smooth muscles of
the uterus. Isoxsuprine also has a
beneficial effect on blood viscosity.
Dexamethasone 4mg/tab, Dexamethasone is a glucocorticoid inflammatory & allergic Existing gastrointestinal Excessive mental
500mcg/tab agonist. Unbound dexamethasone conditions responsive to ulceration,Cushing's stimulation, increase
4mg/ml crosses cell membranes and binds with corticosteroid therapy eg syndrome,Severe forms of appetite, muscle twitching,
high affinity to specific cytoplasmic skin diseases, collagen heart, insufficiency,Severe wt gain, tachycardia,
receptors. This results in a modification diseases, blood dyscrasia, hypertension, Uncontrolled insomnia & psychic
of transcription and, hence, protein certain neoplastic disease & diabetes mellitus, Systemic disturbances.
synthesis in order to achieve inhibition of adrenocortical insufficiency. tuberculosis, Severe systemic
leukocyte infiltration at the site of viral, bacterial, and fungal
inflammation, interference in the infections,Preexisting wide
function of mediators of inflammatory angle glaucoma,
response, suppression of humoral Osteoporosis
immune responses, and reduction in
edema or scar tissue. The
antiinflammatory actions of
dexamethasone are thought to involve
 Generic/ Brand
Dosage Mode of Action Indications Contraindications Adverse Effects
Name
phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins,
lipocortins, which control the
biosynthesis of potent mediators of
inflammation such as prostaglandins and
leukotrienes.
Ferrous sulfate 300mg/tab, Iron is an essential component in the revention & treatment of Fe- Patients receiving blood GI irritation & abdominal
250 mcg/tab physiological formation of hemoglobin, deficiency anemia; prenatal transfusion, w/ anemias not pain w/ nausea, vomiting,
adequate amounts of which are necessary hematinic. produced by Fe deficiency. diarrhea or constipation.
for effective erythropoiesis and the
resultant oxygen transport capacity of the
blood. A similar function is provided by
iron in myoglobin production. Iron also
serves as a cofactor of several essential
enzymes, including cytochromes that are
involved in electron transport. Iron is
necessary for catecholamine metabolism.
and the proper functioning of
neutrophils.
Chlorphenamine 10mg/ml, Chlorpheniramine binds to the histamine Allergy, allergic rhinitis, Lower resp tract disease. Sedation, lassitude, elation or
maleate 2mg/5ml, H1 receptor. This blocks the action of bronchiral asthma, Newborn or premature depression, irritability,
(Antamin) 4mg/tab, endogenous histamine, which vasomotor rhinitis, infants. paranoid psychosis, delusion,
subsequently leads to temporary relief of dermatoses of allergic hallucination. Muscular
the negative symptoms brought on by etiology, urticaria, drug weakness, incoordination.
histamine. sensitization, serum sickness, GIT disturbances. Headache,
anaphylactic shock, insect tinnitus. Difficulty in
bites. micturition. CV effects.
Senna 187mg/tab, stimulation of colonic motility, resulting Functional constipation of Acute surgical abdomen, Mild abdominal discomfort;
(Senokot) 374mg/tab, in augmented propulsion and accelerated hospitalized patient, O & G abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea w/ excessive loss of
colonic transit, reducing the opportunity patient, post-surgical, vomiting or symptoms of water & electrolytes (high
for fluid absorption from the faeces. It prenatal, postpartum, appendicitis; intestinal doses), atonic non-
also influences fluid and electrolyte geriatric patient, functional hemorrhage or obstruction, functioning colon (prolonged
absorption and secretion by the colon, constipation due to intake of persistent diarrhea. use).
resulting in a net fluid secretion. The certain drugs, ped patient.
mucilage inhibits fluid absorption,
enhancing the laxative effec
Dydrogesterone 10mg/tab Dydrogesterone is characterised by Irregular duration of cycles Duphaston should not be Breakthrough bleeding
(DUPHASTON) progestational and anti-oestrogenic and irregular occurrence and given to patients with (prevented by increasing the
activity. This is demonstrated by its duration of periods caused by undiagnosed vaginal dosage). Altered liver
ability to induce a secretory progesterone deficiency. bleeding nor to those with a function w/ asthenia or
transformation in the endometrium of Combined with an estrogenic history of thromboembolic malaise, jaundice &
immature or ovariectomised animals substance, Duphaston can be disorder abdominal pain. Allergic
after they have been primed with applied in secondary rash, pruritus, urticaria
oestrogens (cf. the Clauberg test). The amenorrhoea, dysfunctional
oral progestogenic potency of uterine bleeding and post-
 Generic/ Brand
Dosage Mode of Action
Name
dydrogesterone is 20 times higher than
that of progesterone. The progestational
efficacy and potency of dydrogesterone
was confirmed by standard test (i.e.
delay of menses and induction of
withdrawal bleeding). The benefits of
oestrogen or other target organs are not
compromised by dydrogesterone
Prednisolone acetate 1 drop every Decreases inflammation by suppression
(PREDFORTE ) two hours on of PMN’s and reversal of increased
the left eye capillary permeability
Gatifloxacin 1 drop every antibiotic of the fourth-generation
(Zymar®) two hours on fluoroquinolone family, that like other
the left eye members of that family, inhibits the
bacterial enzymes DNA gyrase and
topoisomerase IV
TOBRANYCIN + 1 drop four Tobramycin binds irreversibly to one of
DEXAMETHSONE times a day two aminoglycoside binding sites on the
(TOBRADEX) 30 S ribosomal subunit, inhibiting
bacterial protein synthesis. Tobramycin
may also destabilize bacterial
memebrane by binding to 16 S 16 S r-
RNA. An active transport mechanism for
aminoglycoside uptake is necessary in
the bacteria in order to attain a
significant intracellular concentration of
tobramycin.
Atropine sulfate 1 drop 3 mechanism of action involves blocking
times a day the contraction of the circular pupillary
at left eye sphincter muscle, which is normally
stimulated by acetylcholine release,
thereby allowing the radial pupillary
dilator muscle to contract and dilate the
pupil
Brimonidine tartrate 1 drop every combines reversibly with a part of the
2.0 mg/mL and 12 hours cell membrane, the beta-adrenergic
Timolol 5.0 mg/mL receptor, and thus inhibits the usual
eye drops biological response that would occur
(COMBIGAN) with stimulation of that receptor.
predominant action may be related to
Indications
menopausal complaints
where endogenous
progesterone deficiency is
implicated
Steroid responsive
inflammation of the
palpebral and bulbar, cornea
and anterior segment
Treatment of bacterial
conjunctivitis caused by
susceptible strains of both
gm+ve & gm-ve
microorganisms.
For steroid-responsive
inflammatory ocular
conditions for which a
corticosteroid is indicated &
where bacterial infection or
risk of bacterial ocular
infection exists
Mydriasis &/or cycloplegia.
For cycloplegic refraction,
for pupillary dilation desired
in acute inflammatory
conditions of the iris & uveal
tract.
for the reduction of elevated
intraocular pressure in
patients with open angle
glaucoma or ocular
hypertension not adequately
responding to monotherapy.
Contraindications
Acute, untreated purulent
occular infections. Acute
superficial herpes simplex,
varicella and most other viral
diseases of the cornea and
conjuctiva
Diabetes
Epithelial herpes simplex
keratitis (dendritic keratitis),
vaccinia, varicella & many
other viral diseases of the
cornea & conjunctiva.
Mycobacterial eye infection.
Fungal diseases of ocular
structures. After
uncomplicated removal of a
corneal foreign body
Primary glaucoma or a
tendency toward glaucoma.
Hypersensitivity.
in patients with
hypersensitivity to any
component of this
medication, in patients
receiving monoamine
oxidase (MAO) inhibitor
Adverse Effects
Increase intraocular pressure
with optic nerve damage and
visual field defects. Posterior
subcapsular cataract
formation secondary ocular
infection from fungi or
viruses
Conjunctival irritation,
increased lacrimation,
keratitis & papillary
conjunctivitis.
Localized ocular toxicity &
hypersensitivity including lid
itching & swelling &
conjunctival erythema.
Secondary infection.
Prolonged use may produce
local irritation.
Very common (>1/10):
conjunctival hyperaemia,
burning sensation.
Common (>1/100, <1/10):
stinging sensation in the eye,
eye pruritus, allergic
 Generic/ Brand
Dosage Mode of Action Indications Contraindications Adverse Effects
Name
reduced aqueous formation. A slight therapy, in patients with conjunctivitis, conjunctival
increase in outflow facility was also bronchospasm, bronchial folliculosis, visual
observed. asthma or patients with a disturbance, blepharitis,
history of bronchial asthma, epiphora, corneal erosion,
or severe chronic obstructive superficial punctate keratitis,
pulmonary disease, in eye dryness, eye discharge,
patients with sinus eye pain, eye irritation,
bradycardia, second or third foreign body sensation.
degree atrioventricular block,
overt cardiac failure or
cardiogenic shock.
Pethidine or 50 to 150 mg acting as an agonist at the μ-opioid for the treatment of moderate in patients who are receiving constipation, dry mouth,
meperidine every three receptor. to severe pain monoamine oxidase (MAO) lightheadedness, twitchiness,
(Demerol) hours it has local anesthetic activity related to inhibitors or those who have muscular twitches, and
its interactions with sodium ion channels. recently received such agents nausea
Acetazolamide 250 mg, 1 tab inhibit CA in tissue and fluid, causing Glaucoma,epilepsy, sickle cell anemia, allergic to numbness and tingling in the
every 6 hours less movement of carbonic acid toward idiopathic intracranial sulfa medications , allergic to fingers and toes, and taste
CO2 production hypertension, hyperkalemic any carbonic anhydrase alterations
periodic paralysis, Marfan inhibitor , liver or kidney (parageusia,blurred vision,
syndrome, Sleep apnea, disease, adrenal gland increases the risk of
Acute mountain sickness failure, Addison's disease), developing calcium oxalate
pregnant or nursing mothers and calcium phosphate
kidney stones, frequent
urination.
Bisacodyl 10mg/supp Rarely, abdominal discomfort & Constipation. Prep for Ileus, intestinal obstruction, Rarely, abdominal
(Dulcolax) 5mg sup diarrhoea. radiography; antepartum & acute surgical abdominal discomfort & diarrhoea.
5mg/tab postpartum care; prep for conditions; severe
sigmoidoscopy or dehydration. Appendicitis &
proctoscopy; colonoscopy; acute inflammatory bowel
hemorrhoids & anal fissures. diseases
All conditions w/c require
defacation to be facilitated.
Losartan 50mg/tab Losartan is a selective, competitive HTN. Reduction in the risk Childn w/ GFR <30 Dizziness, dose-related
(Cozaar) 100mg/tab Angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1) of CV morbidity & mortality mL/min/1.73 m2, hepatic orthostatic effects, rash,
receptor antagonist, reducing the end in hypertensive patients w/ impairment. Neonates. asthenia/fatigue, vertigo,
organ responses to angiotensin II. left ventricular hypertrophy. hypotension &
Losartan administration results in a Renal protection in type 2 hyperkalemia,
decrease in total peripheral resistance diabetic patients w/ hypersensitivity, GI, CV,
(afterload) and cardiac venous return proteinuria. Hypertensive hematologic,
(preload) All of the physiological effects pediatric >1 mth-16 yr. musculoskeletal, nervous,
of angiotensin II, including stimulation psychiatric, resp &
of release of aldosterone, are antagonized dermatologic effects;
in the presence of losartan vomiting, dysgeusia &
erythroderma.
Patient Name: Clerk-in-Charge :