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    Vasudev Shanmughan
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    AIR SYSTEM DESIGN NOTE

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    10 views17 pages

    Air System Design Note

    Uploaded by

    Vasudev Shanmughan

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    -* ) AS fk L.SMIDTH INSTRUKTIONER INSTRUCTIONS ~—INSTRUCTIONS ANWEISUNGEN —_INSTRUCCIONI INSTRUCOES 37751-02 1/8 COMPRESSED AIR SYSTEMS mensioning of pipelines 49270 Appendices: Flowsheet 37751-02-1 Allowance for fittings 37751-01-11 Nomogram 37751-02-I11 Nomogram 37751-02-1V Standard pipe dimensions 37751-02-V Contents: Page: 1. GENERAL INFORMATION 2. DIMENSIONING OF MAIN AIR LINES 3. DIMENSIONING OF DISTRIBUTION LINES 4. DIMENSIONING OF SUPPLY LINES N-PB 37751-02 2 NOTE! The present instruction manual is concerned with the situations which, according to our experience, are the most likely to occur. An exhaustive enumeration of all conceivable situations which may occur during the operation of the equipment cannot be provided. Consequently, if a situation should arise, the oc- currence of which is not foreseen in the instruction manual, and which the client is/or feels unable to handle, we would xecommend that FLS is contacted without undue delay for advice on appropriate ac- tion. GENERAL INFORMATION The present instruction manual is concerned with the dimensioning of compressed air lines being installed via a compressor/compressed-air station to the point of consumption. A compressed-air system may be sub-divided into the following sections, with dimensioning being perfor- med separately for each section. I Main air line The lines provided from the compressor station to the plant departments which require supply of compressed air tor their operation are cate- gorized as main air lines. See Appendix I. In some cases, a plant may incorporate several compressor stations. The maximum allowable total pressure drop through these main lines is 2 kPa (0.02 bar). 37751-02 3 II Distribution line The distribution lines constitute the overall supply network for the compressed air which is applied to the single plant department. ‘The maximum allowable total pressure drop through these main air lines is 5 kPa (0.05 bar). III Supply line The supply lines are inetalled via the distri bution lines to the single points of consump- tion. The individual pipes must be dimensioned in manne: ensuring that the air is always supp- lied to the point of consumption at a pressure of minimum 700 kPa (7 bar). In the supply lines, which make up the last part of the pipeline, the allowable pressure drop is 3 kPa (0.03 bar). This means that the total pressure drop from the compressor station to the most distant point of consumption must not be more than 2 + 5 + 3 kPa = 10 kPa (0.1 bar). 2. DIMENSIONING OF MAIN AIR LINES The capacity requirements of the main air line pro vided for the different plant departments appear from the flowsheet of the installation. See Appendix I. The leyout of the main air line is shown in the pipe diagram of the plant (general layout), which also makes it possible to determine the length of ‘the pipelines. 37751-02 4 For example, a look at the part of the main pipeline which starts at the compressor station indicates that the pipeline length from the compressor station to the first plant department may, for example, be 100 metres. Since this pert of the pipeline consti- tutes the first section of the main line, this in- volves that the entire airflow which the air comp- xessor is capable of delivering must pass through these first 100 metres. (For example 70 m/min). It is very important that the total pressure drop in the main line does not exceed 2 kPa (0.02 bar). The- xefore, the pipe dimension must be selected in man- ner ensuring compliance with this requirement and by applying the following formula: = x d= 9081 aT where a- Inside pipe diameter v= Air volume in m3/min Ls Pipe length in metres P= Pressure gauge resding in bar SP" Pressure drop in bar. Selected so that the total value becomes 0.02 bar (2 kPa) Example: v = 70 m?/min airstream L = 100 metre pipeline pg +i = 7.141 bar ~ absolute pressure a Select to be 0.005 bar d= 9,81 x oe 100) 225,41mm* (DW 225) 05 x ( +i) 3791-02 5 The remaining sections of the main air line are di- mensioned in similar manner. The capacity require ment of the main line will, of course, decrease as the needs of the different plant sections are satis fied, but the pressure applied to the most distant department must never be lower than 708 kPa (7.08 bar). DIMENSIONING OF DISTRIBUTION LINES 3.1 The pipelines in the single plant departments must be dimensioned separately in manner ensuring that the pressure drop occurring at the most distant point of consumption does not exceed 5 kPa (0.05 bar). The pipe dimensions are determined by means of the formula or nomograms shown in Appendices III and Vv. The nomogram in Appendix III can be used for airflow rates up to 6 m?/min and pipe diameters up to 60 mm. The nomogram in Appendix IV can be used for airflow rates from 0.6 to 90 m3/min and pipe diameters ran- ging from 25 to 150 mm. gee Application of nomograms ‘The necessary parameters for application in the no- mograms are: a) Pipe length in metres, including allowance for fittings. b) Air pressure (manometer pressure in bar). ¢) The airflow rate in m?/min. d) Allowable pressure drop in bars. For allowance for fittings, see Appendix II. 37751-02 6 An example indicating how to use the nomograms is presented on page 5. Proceed as follows: Use the parameters b) and c) in order to determine the point a. Determine the point B, by drawing a line from A, pa- rallel to the 45° auxiliary lines of the nomogram, until the line intersects the first of the full, vertical lines of the nomogram. Determine the point C where a horizontal line from B intersects a vertical line through parameter a) “pipe length". Determine the point D where the vertical line through parameter d) (allowable pressure drop) intersects a line from the point C, drawn parallel to the 45° aux- iliary lines of the nomogram. (In some cases, the point D may, depending upon the values of the para- meters, occur on the right-hand side of C). The inside pipe diameter can now be read off at the point E, which is established by drawing a horizontal line in leftward direction, from the point D. Hence, the ascertained inside pipe diameter will be within the range 80-100 mm. In this case select 100 mm (DN 100 = 114.3 x 3.6). 37751-02 7 3.2 Example indicating how to use a nomogram for calcu- lating the pipe dimension. Pipe diameters from 25-150 mm, flow = 0.6-90 m3/min Pipe length in metres a wht tise wm 9 eof 0 m0 2 6,0 20) 12,0—0— 1d ,0 18,0 & 24,0 30,0 xs rsa} 60,0 Inside pipe diameter in mm 90,0 Air flow rate in m, a eS a se ees ‘oe ae nee "is d| Pressure drop Working pressure in bars (Manometric pressure in bars) Example: a) 75 metres b) 7.1 bar The nomogram is a copy of ¢) 12 m/min Appendix IV. a) 0.02 bar 37751-02 8 4. DIMENSIONING OF SUPPLY LINES The dimension of the pipes which are connected to the individual points of consumption are often de- termined on the basis of the size of the connecting fittings of the working machine, although this is done only if the pipe length is short, i.e. from 5 to 10 metres. Larger pipe lengths must be dimensio- ned so that the pressure drop through the pipeline is limited to such a degree that the manometric pressure at the point of consumption will never be less than 700 kPa (7 bars). Use the same method for the calculation as described in the example given in sub-section 3.2. Use the mo- nogram in Appendix III for pipe dimensions which are smaller than 25 mm. Plant departments @ L@ Plant departments: nmin. T0kPa_(7.1bar) Salculation example Main tine 1 length 100m flow: 70nt/min Out, diameter: 264.5mm (ON 225) Ap 5.0mbar Main line: tength 60m 60n?/min Out, diameter: 244Smm (ON 225) Ap 22mbar Main line M : length ‘60m flow: 4Snt/min Out. diameter: 245mm (ON 225) Ap 33nbar Main tine IV: length om 20nt/min Out. diameter: 139.7mm (ON 25) Ap 33nbar Main tine Vs length 5m Rnt/iin Out. diameter: 1%63mm {ON 100) Ap 4.6mbar Main tine Vi: length 80m flow: Sn?/min Out. diameter: 143mm (ON 100) Ap 14mbar Mox— 20mbar Max. 2.00kPa Max, 0.0zbar (DIMENSIONING OF DISTRIBUTION AND SUPPLY LINES Dimensioning of main tine Dimensioning of supply line max, pressure drop: 2 kPa (0.02 bar} ‘max. pressure drop: 3 KPa (0.03 bar) Main ting Point of consumption Dimensioning of distribution tine Pressure drop: 5 kPa (0.05 bar) 37751-02-1 [#8] 364 204 254 <0] 50 | a0 | 100] i25) 150] 200, 250] 300) coo [remy RAL a oa os] of af ef val val a] vol 2e| 20 29 sal Cerny aren FEY] tof anf tates coctecy geny EOI] so} sa] 6] 20 02] a2] 03] o3 64} 8 fro |r2 }r6 |20 jz ro] 12] 15/18] 24] 30] 36]

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