See

discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316627462

Presenting Geodesign Approaches in Practice:

Case of Çırpıcı and Kamil Abdus Urban Parks in
Istanbul

Article · June 2016

CITATIONS READS

0 21

3 authors:

Tugce Onuk Hayriye Esbah Tuncay

Istanbul Technical University Istanbul Technical University
3 PUBLICATIONS 0 CITATIONS 14 PUBLICATIONS 20 CITATIONS

SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE

Ebru Erbaş Gürler

Istanbul Technical University
24 PUBLICATIONS 3 CITATIONS

SEE PROFILE

Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:

Part of Urban Planning and Research Project employed by Üsküdar Municipality of Istanbul View
project

Zamanın Mekansal Kurguları: Anma ve Anma Mekanları View project

All content following this page was uploaded by Ebru Erbaş Gürler on 02 May 2017.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

 1-2016

1-2016
The Journal of Digital Landscape Architecture addresses all aspects of digital technologies, appli-
cations, information, and knowledge bases in research, education, and practice pertaining to
land­scape architecture and related fields. The journal publishes original papers that address
theoretical and practical issues, innovative developments, methods, applications, findings, and
case studies that are drawn primarily from work presented at the annual international Digital

JoDLA
Landscape Architecture conference. Its intent is to encourage the broad dissemination of these

Journal of Digital Landscape Architecture

ideas, innovations, and practices.
This issue of the Journal of Digital Landscape Architecture, 1-2016, presents contributions from
the 17th annual conference at the Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey, (June 1 to 3, 2016) cover­
ing five broad themes:
• Systems Thinking in Landscape Design Processes
Journal of Digital Landscape Architecture
• Landscape Visualization and Analysis
• Geodesign Concepts and Applications
• Mobile Devices for Geodesign
• Teaching Methods in Digital Landscape Architecture

JoDLA 17th International Conference of Information Technologies in Landscape Architecture

01-03 June 2016
Istanb ul, Tur k ey
ISSN 2367-4253
ISBN 978-3-87907-612-3

www.wichmann-verlag.de Wichmann

Buhmann_2016_Cover.indd 1-3 02.05.2016 10:00:25

 1-2016

JoDLA
Journal of Digital Landscape Architecture

Editors:
Erich Buhmann
Stephen Ervin
Sigrid Hehl-Lange
James Palmer

Guest Editor:
ˇ
Yasin Çagatay Seçkin

Wichmann
Journal of Digital Landscape Architecture, 1-2016

Editors: Prof. Erich Buhmann, Anhalt University; Dr. Stephen Ervin, Harvard University; Dr. Sigrid
Hehl-Lange, University of Sheffield; Prof. Dr. James Palmer, State University New York
Guest Editor: Dr. Yasin Çağatay Seçkin, Istanbul Technical University
Editorial Board: Prof. Dr. Maria Attard, University of Malta; Prof. Dr. Thomas Blaschke, University
of Salzburg; Dr. Michele Campagna, University of Cagliari; Tess Canfield, Landscape Architect; Prof.
Dr. Jürgen Döllner, Hasso-Plattner-Institut; Pia Fricker, Architect ETH Zürich; Justine Holzman, Uni-
versity of Tennessee; Prof. Dr. Ulrich Kias, Hochschule Weihenstephan-Triesdorf; Prof. Joachim Kie-
ferle, Hochschule Rhein-Main; Prof. Dr. Mintai Kim, Virginia Tech; Prof. Dr. Eckart Lange, University
of Sheffield; William Miller, Architect/Engineer; Prof. Dr. Brian Orland, University of Georgia; Dr.
Agnieszka Ozimek, Cracow University of Technology; Prof. Dr. Mine Özkar, Istanbul Technical Uni-
versity; Philip Paar, Laubwerk Potsdam; Prof. Dr. Matthias Pietsch, Anhalt University; Prof. Dr. Jörg
Rekittke, National University of Singapore; Prof. Dr. Michael Roth, Nürtingen-Geislingen University;
Dr. Olaf Schroth, University of Sheffield; Prof. Dr. Carl Steinitz, Harvard University; Prof. Dr. Boris
Stemmer, Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe; Dr. Sven Stremke, Wageningen University; Prof. Dr. Dana
Tomlin, University of Pennsylvania; Kristine Vugule, Latvia University of Agriculture; Dr. Barty War-
ren-Kretzschmar, Utah State University; Dr. Ulrike Wissen Hayek, ETH Zürich
Editorial Assistants: Jeanne Colgan, English for You; Muhammed Ali Örnek, Istanbul Technical Uni­
ver­sity; Grete-Rahel Eschrich, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg
Editorial Office: Anhalt University, Prof. Erich Buhmann, Strenzfelder Allee 28, 06406 Bernburg,
Germany, atelier.bernburg@t-online.de | www.digital-la.de
All explanations, data, results etc. contained in this publication have been made by the authors to the
best of their knowledge and have been approved with care. However, some errors could not be exclud-
ed. For this reason the explanations etc. are given without any obligations or guarantee by the authors,
editors and publisher. They cannot take over any responsibility for eventual erroneous contents.

Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek

The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie.
Detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de.

ISBN 978-3-87907-612-3
ISSN 2367-4253

© 2016 Herbert Wichmann Verlag, VDE VERLAG GMBH ∙ Berlin ∙ Offenbach

Bismarckstr. 33, 10625 Berlin
www.vde-verlag.de
www.wichmann-verlag.de

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, or any means, electronic
or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system,
without permission in writing from the publisher.

Printed by Druckhaus Köthen GmbH & Co. KG, Köthen (Anhalt), Germany 2016-05
 VII

Table of Contents

Editorial........................................................................................................................ V

Systems Thinking in Landscape Design Processes ......................................... 1

Stephen M. Ervin (Keynote at DLA 2016)

Cybernetic Design Cycles................................................................................................ 2
James F. Palmer (Keynote at DLA 2016)
A Landscape Assessment Framework for Visual Impact Assessment in the USA.......... 10
Melih Bozkurt
Digital Age for Observations: The Use of GIS for Analysing Observations and
Behaviour Mapping ......................................................................................................... 18
Jeffrey Nesbit
Topological Thinking: Digital Systems in Landscape Urbanism .................................... 28
Joerg Rekittke, Yazid Ninsalam
Sliced Ecosystem: Modelling Transects of Vulnerable Marine Landscapes ................... 36
Muge Unal, Cengiz Uslu, Ahmet Cilek
GIS-Based Accessibility Analysis for Neighbourhood Parks: The Case of Cukurova
District ............................................................................................................................. 46
Siyuan Wu, Mintai Kim
The Relationship Between the Pedestrian Lighting Environment and Perceived
Safety ............................................................................................................................... 57
Cheng Yuning, Yuan Yangyang
Systematic Thinking and Digital Design: Simulating Natural Waterscape Design
with the Software ArcGIS ............................................................................................... 67

Landscape Visualization and Analysis ............................................................... 77

Ahmet Benliay, Isa Eren Akbiyik

3D Modelling Creating Tool for Landscape Design: Camera ......................................... 78
Brent C. Chamberlain, Rebecca Liu, Jessica Canfield
Using Landscape Visualization to Inform Streetscape Design ........................................ 84
Benjamin H. George
Distributed Site Analysis Utilizing Drones and 360-degree Video ................................. 92
Ulrike Wissen Hayek, David Waltisberg, Nina Philipp, Adrienne Grêt-Regamey
Exploring Issues of Immersive Virtual Landscapes for the Support of Participatory
Spatial Planning Support ................................................................................................. 100
VIII Table of Contents

Ruben Joye, Hari Sacré, Sven De Visscher

Immersive Environment: Discussing Child Friendly Urban Spaces with Teenagers ...... 109
Philip Paar, Kathrin Grotz, Burak Kahraman, Jan Walter Schliep, Timm Dapper
The World’s Tallest Plants in a Glasshouse: Creating a Utopian Virtual Reality
Diorama ........................................................................................................................... 118
James F. Palmer
Assigning a Fixed Height to Land Cover Screen for Use in Visibility Analysis ............. 125
Michael Roth, Christian Tilk
Here Comes the Sun: A Prototypical GIS-based 4-dimensional Rooftop Solar
Potential Analysis to Support the Energy Turnaround .................................................... 133
Ping Xu
Feng-shui – Ancient Geodesign as a Clue: Identifying Predictive Landform Models
of Mountain Flood Impact Zones .................................................................................... 141

Geodesign Concepts and Applications ............................................................... 149

Meliz Akyol, Hayriye Esbah Tuncay

A Portrayal of Uncertainty: Revealing Problems and Opportunities of Landscape
Change via Sleuth Cellular Automata Model .................................................................. 150
Michele Campagna, Pierangelo Massa, Roberta Floris
The Role of Social Media Geographic Information (SMGI) in Geodesign ..................... 161
Siqing Chen, Virginia Lee
The Spatial Planning of Australia’s Energy Landscape: An Assessment of Solar,
Wind and Biomass Potential at the National Level ......................................................... 169
Tuğçe Onuk, Hayriye Eşbah, Ebru Erbaş Gürler
Presenting Geodesign Approaches in Practice: Case of Çırpıcı and Kamil Abduş
Urban Parks in Istanbul ................................................................................................... 179
Brian Orland
Geodesign to Tame Wicked Problems ............................................................................. 187
Muhammed Ali Örnek, Melike Ersoy, Yasin Çağatay Seçkin
Estimating Stormwater Runoff from the 3D-model of an Urban Area in Istanbul .......... 198
Sina Röhner, Michael Roth, Christian Tilk
Cloud-based Visibility Analysis for Energy Infrastructure: Investigating the
Cost-efficiency and Validity as Preconditions for Practical Implementation .................. 207
Nastaran Tebyanian
Reflecting Time in Computer-aided Landscape Design and Analysis: Developing an
Application for Modelling Seasonality and Resiliency in Small Scale Landscapes ........ 214
Table of Contents IX

Barty Warren-Kretzschmar, Carlos Lincon, Hrishikesh Ballal

Geodesign as an Educational Tool: A Case Study in Cache Valley, Utah ...................... 222

Mobile Devices for Geodesign ............................................................................... 233

Gulsah Bilge, Sigrid Hehl-Lange, Eckart Lange

The Use of Mobile Devices in Participatory Decision-making ....................................... 234
Alexiei Dingli, Maria Attard
The Valletta Travel Information Service ......................................................................... 243
Paul Haynes, Eckart Lange
Mobile Augmented Reality for Flood Visualisation in Urban Riverside Landscapes ..... 254
Mark Linquist, Paul Galpern
Crowdsourcing (in) Voluntary Citizen Geospatial Data from Google Android
Smartphones .................................................................................................................... 263
Ole R. Sleipness, Benjamin H. George, Amanda Hughes, Sriram Ramineni
Hidden Dimensions: Illuminating Landscape History through Mobile Apps .................. 273
Yalcin Yildirim, Taner R. Ozdil
Adopting Soundscape Technology to Assess Urban Landscape Performance ................ 281

Teaching Methods in Digital Landscape Architecture ................................. 291

Michele Campagna, Ana Clara Mourão Moura, Júnia Borges, Chiara Cocco
Future Scenarios for the Pampulha Region: A Geodesign Workshop ............................. 292
Pang Li
Teaching Landscape Design with Grading Studies: An Experiment Based on High
Fidelity DTM ................................................................................................................... 302
Muhammed Ali Örnek, Yasin Çağatay Seçkin
Development of an Educational Video Game for the Teaching of Landscape
Grading Principles ........................................................................................................... 308
Emine Çoban Sahin, Duygu Ozgur
Landscape Awareness of Childhood in Computer Games: In the Case of
“Minecraft” ...................................................................................................................... 316
Hans-Georg Schwarz-v.Raumer, Johannes Jörg, Mohammed Alfiky
Respecting the Role of Agriculture for an Untegrated Landscape Development at
the Urban-rural Fringe Using Geodesign Tools............................................................... 327
Carolin Westort
Coding Landscape: Teaching Computer Programming to Landscape Architects............ 337
X Table of Contents

Chen Ye, An Minghan

The Application Research of 3D Immersed Virtual Reality Interactive System in
Landscape Architecture Design Course ........................................................................... 346

Invited Paper .............................................................................................................. 355

Carl Steinitz
Geodesign Dynamics ....................................................................................................... 356

Acknowledgements ................................................................................................... 369

Early Conference Announcement & Call for Papers for the

International Conference “Digital Landscape Architecture
DLA 2017” ................................................................................................................... 373
 179

Presenting Geodesign Approaches in Practice:

Case of Çırpıcı and Kamil Abduş Urban Parks
in Istanbul, Turkey
Tuğçe Onuk1, Hayriye Eşbah2, Ebru Erbaş Gürler2
1Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul/Turkey · onuknt@gmail.com
2Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul/Turkey

Abstract: Geodesign emerged as a new era for landscape architecture profession, which seeks to
analyze landscapes in geographical context and works with different data sets in various layers to pro-
pose the most suitable land utilization and function. The notion of Geodesign and how it is implemented
in the Turkish context will be presented in this work. Two case studies from the City of Istanbul will
be studied wıth in the framework of Geodesign. Gains and constraints will be discussed regarding im-
plementation of such techniques to a larger context. The present work can set an example of Geodesign
based landscape design process not only for Turkish cases but all around the world.
Keywords: Geodesign, design process, urban park design, Istanbul, digital design

1 Introduction
Comprehensive landscape analysis is essential for creating a communication between the
mass of data and revealing the key issues that will lead designer to define the goals of the
project. Even though, the quantitative data gives very clear understanding of the phenomena
at hand, the design team has to complement this knowledge with some qualitative facts such
as culture, religion, class, education, politics or age (MCELVANEY 2012). Subsequently, an
analytical interpretation of the analysis could be challenging due to range of issues and com-
plexity of data. Designing with science based data (STEINITZ 2012) gives designer the ability
to provide a quantitative perspective to identify and resolve problems and to reveal the
uniqueness of the area which is so important to define the design goals, purified from per-
sonal perspectives and background to make the wisest decisions possible. Geodesign prom-
ises a value based as well as science based design, while becoming a powerful tool facilitat-
ing a holistic approach in decision making process.
In developing countries, landscape analysis is one of the challenging steps of the design pro-
cess due to lack of available data, institutional communication, and time. This fact is demon-
strated in a case study from Turkey: Figure 1 illustrates the typical analysis process in public
green space landscape design in the country. In this process, technical data are being provided
by institutions, while cultural, ecological and social analysis is gathered by design team. In
a typical case, analysis part references only to technical sheets, while synthesis studies is
becoming inefficient to reveal design goals, hence yielding arbitrary design decisions.
Geodesign can set a framework and become an efficient tool to promote more objective and
sound approaches to landscape design. In this endeavor, the framework proposed by Steinitz
consist of two levels as; assessment (representation model, process model, evaluation model)
and intervention (chance model, impact model, decision model). While the questions of the
assessment part leads designer to search for the historical and current landscape character in

Journal of Digital Landscape Architecture, 1-2016. © Herbert Wichmann Verlag, VDE VERLAG GMBH,
Berlin/Offenbach. ISBN 978-3-87907-612-3, ISSN 2367-4253, doi:10.14627/537612021.
180 Journal of Digital Landscape Architecture · 1-2016

geographical context, it ensures to reveal the unseen data that defines the key issues of design
goals.

Fig. 1: Traditional landscape design method

In order to improve the aforementioned design process, we propose incorporating Steinitz’

assessment framework to the traditional landscape design process. The outcome of this effort
can enable rational synthesis of site dynamics and development of design goals. The pro-
posed framework is tested in two cases from urban green space design in Istanbul, Turkey.

Fig. 2: Proposed framework for Geodesign based landscape design

T. Onuk et al.: Presenting Geodesign Approaches in Practice 181

In this paper; Kamil Abduş Lagoon Park and Çırpıcı Meadow Park will be presented as case
studies. The outcomes of traditional design framework and proposed geodesign based frame-
work will be elaborated. More specifically, the paper demonstrates;
• How geodesign could be used in analysis process,
• What type of goals and objectives are gathered from the analysis process, and
• How these goals and objectives are reflected to design.

2 Two Urban Green Space Design Cases in Istanbul, Turkey

Kamil Abduş Lagoon Park and Çirpici Meadow Park are located in the Asian and European
parts of Istanbul, respectively. Both sites were ecologically sensitive and viable once upon a
time, however their habitat qualities have been significantly altered due to urbanization and
industrialization in these areas around 1970s and 1990s. Currently, the City of Istanbul is
seeking designs to transform these areas as urban parks.

2.1 Çırpıcı Meadow Park

Çırpıcı Meadow was a significant cultural site with its seasonal festivals, textile and leather
craftsmanship, and ecological qualities during Byzantian and Ottoman times. Later in the
Republican era, the area became a hub of industrialization in Istanbul mainly housing textile
and leather industries at global scale. The site has lost its importance in 1990’s due to removal
of such industries outside of Istanbul. Istanbul couldn’t use the chance of transferring these
factories to post industrial uses, hence loosing significant part of its industrial heritage. Rem-
nants of this heritage still exist in the proposed park area.
First of all, in Çırpıcı Meadow Park, map overlay technique was used together with the post
classification comparison technique to reveal changes in the meadow habitat due to industrial
developments. The results revealed that, initially, natural habitats, and then, agricultural
lands were diminished due to industrial expansion on the site; however, around 1990’s in-
dustrial uses were also abandoned. Open spaces of the site were fragmented. Meadow char-
acteristic was damaged. Moreover, the building density, road network and number of parks
in surrounding area of the site increased in last thirty years.
Second, current land use maps were overlaid with the hydrological data and flood map of the
area. The results showed that the project site was consisting two canalized stream corridors,
and the water table was high in the area. Moreover, considerable area of the project site was
under the risk of flooding. These analyses defined the initial considerations such that the area
should operate based on the flood risk and the design should be developed for resilience.
Also, the site’s industrial heritage and cultural memory and characteristics should be demon-
strated through this design (Figure 3, Figure 4).
Within this scope, the main design approach was structured in the titles of industry, culture,
energy and infrastructure. And design goals were developed as below;
• Generating “a sustainable park model” which is able to produce its own energy. Creating
a self-sufficient park in terms of energy resources.
182 Journal of Digital Landscape Architecture · 1-2016

• Designing the park as “a carbon absorbent reserve area” that will balance the carbon
budget of the traditional industrial uses on the site. Creating meadow system by using
C4 plants.
• Re utilizing existing industrial buildings for many activities as part of the park program.
• Providing ecological, infrastructural connections and reclamation.

Fig. 3: Monitoring land use change of Çırpıcı Park by satellite photographs in GIS

Fig. 4: Design propose stage; superposing water levels of Çırpıcı park

Figure 5 shows two design examples for the same area. Traditional design method has
yielded a landscape pattern which is not fully benefitting from the ecological and cultural
potential of the site. Whereas, the work produced via Geodesign approach has yielded a park
with flow and energy patterns. While the 1st design came up with ordinary concepts such as
sports area, recreational park, playgrounds etc.; the 2nd design had more sensitive program
fed from the landscape character instead.
T. Onuk et al.: Presenting Geodesign Approaches in Practice 183

Fig. 5: Different outcomes of compared methods; while designing with traditional method
leads the project area turn into a city park with no traces from past; geodesign helped
to understand the landscape and projected area to turn into a industrial+energy park

2.2 Kamil Abduş Lagoon Park

Kamil Abdüş Lagoon was one of rare lagoon habitats in Istanbul. However, in 1970’s a major
ship yard was located at the mouth of this lagoon and the area were rapidly industryalized
since then. During 1990’s the lake has died and there were some attempts for ecological
rehabilitation, though it was limited to the bringing sea water and creating some islands as
bird habitats. Subsequently, the ecological qualities of the lake never improved. The sensitive
ecological conditions of the site required the use of Geodesign and other appropriate tools
such as CAD, graphic design and 3D modelling software. Geodesign especially was used for
finding out of the ecosystem of lagoon. Without understanding ecological structure of the
lagoon, design decisions would be abstract and unrealistic. The most significant task was to
explore the changes in sea and lake coast and also changes in land cover (Figure 6). The use
of GIS was very important especially in the assessment of ecological condition of the lagoon.
By the synthesis of data, we clarified the design goals and decisions as below (Figure 7);
• Increase the bird diversity in the lagoon (Promote landscape heterogeneity, Increase
demolished marsh cover, Protect and enhance the trees and the maquis cover)
• Provide fresh water entrance to the lagoon as well as control salty water entrance from
Marmare Sea to restore ecological qualities
• Represent industrial and agricultural past of the site through some park programs and
park objects.
Preliminary design work began with some GIS task to depict the changes in land cover, road
network and coastal line. Also, traditional agricultural and industrial uses on the site were
scrutinized and their impact on the project site was mapped. As a final step, interpretation of
these data with some regulations and population data helped in refining the spatial decisions
(Figure 8). Conceptual design process was finalized by photorealistic images and 3D models.
Figure 8 displays the comparison of the outcome of traditional design approach and Geode-
sign approach. Traditional design method yielded market oriented, marina type of uses, while
the Geodesign based approach yielded a program and phasing based on sustainable design
of the park environment.
184 Journal of Digital Landscape Architecture · 1-2016

Fig. 6: Chance detection in Kamil Abduş Lagoon’s geography and habitat

Fig. 7: Changes on natural system of Kamil Abduş Lagoon

T. Onuk et al.: Presenting Geodesign Approaches in Practice 185

Fig. 8: Different outcomes of two designs; while designing with traditional method lack in
sensitive design solutions and programs to the site, Geodesign based landscape de-
sign proposed environmentally sound alternative

3 Discussion and Conclusion

Proposed framework is a combination of software applications and traditional methods to
solve complex design issues. Geodesign process and techniques helps in understanding land-
scape dynamics and coming up with design ideas to restore the integrity of these lands while
providing benefits in terms of recreation and well-being.
Here are some arguments stemming from the presented experience: These issues are not in-
digenous to Turkish case but most probably also relevant in other developing countries.
Gains of new proposed methods include:
• Education of institutions and public; institutions has the key role as decision-makers in
design process. Geodesign is a successful tool to convince the city officials to seek in-
novative and ecologically sound design ideas inspired by the landscape character. After
construction, the public will understand historical, natural and social contribution of the
area to whole city system, hence promoting awareness.
• Awareness; Generally, GIS is preferable in the analysis phases of regional and neigh-
bourhood scales. In proposed design, GIS outcomes makes designers to seek for the
unseen geographical data of landscape, different than traditional design process. In both
cases, main design ideas come up with the evaluation models of Geodesign.
• Spatial outcomes; while studying a site scale area, Geodesign allows designer to under-
stand the area’s ecologic, social and economic connection with the whole system.
• Socio economical outcomes; In Turkey all city parks are operated by same facilities run
by local municipality while proposed city parks are designed with unique socio eco-
nomic facilities reflecting their uniqueness.
 186 Journal of Digital Landscape Architecture · 1-2016

Constraints of the proposed method include:

• Lack of experience; since it is not common to study with Geodesign in landscape design
in Turkey, there are not enough experts in institutions to master the whole design pro-
cess. Designers are in such a dilemma with aim to put forth science based study without
any support.
• Lack of data; there is not enough data to study in Geodesign based landscape design.
Modern database structures, software and hardware and also collaboration between in-
stitutions are essential to overcome this limitation.
• Extra budget; since the institutions are not familiar with the system, they don’t reserve
allowance for Geodesign, therefore the process can be deterrent for the design team who
has to put extra time and budget on it.
• Social context damage; focusing on too much to work with ecological design may cause
loss in social aspects of design
• Current regulations; Geodesign outcomes may be contradictory to the status quo. This
is not the failure of the Geodesign, but the outdated institutional environment.
Landscape design starts with understanding how a landscape works as an ecological system
and pursues through searching historical maps and aerial photos until a path to existing forms
and functions paved. Geodesign provides a platform for holistic design and communication
different than traditional design process. Designer can easily link seemingly not so related
data into a cohesive, and therefore, a very powerful graphic language by using GIS, CAD
and other visualization technologies and techniques. Final work helps community members,
government and municipality officials, and NGO’s to understand the drivers and the conse-
quences of a particular design, hence building support to find funding to realize such design
proposals.
In Turkey, some deterrent issues are part of Geodesign based landscape design process as
mentioned in the constraints part. And yet, institutions have the key role to encourage the
Geodesign becoming widespread. Providing technical support, allocating extra budget, rear-
ranging rules leading design process are the key issues to support the designer to design with
Geodesign. Outcome of all this effort is the formation of a sustainable design approach rep-
resenting natural, social and economic dimensions.

References
KOHM, K. A. & FRANKLIN, J. F. (Eds.) (1997), Creating A Forestry For The 21st Century:
The Science Of Ecosytem Management. Island Press. p. 259.
MCELVANEY, S. (2012), Geodesing: Case studies in regional and urban planning. Environ-
mental Systems Research Institute.
STEINITZ, C. (2012), A Framework for Geodesign: Changing Geography by Design. Esri
Press, Redlands, CA.

View publication stats