In[14]:=

Practical-5
Obtaining Surface of Revolution of Curves

Definition of surface of revolution

A surface of revolution is a surface generating by rotating
a two dimensional curve about an axis.The resulting
surface therefore always has a azimuthal
symmetry(means object will look same by rotating it
sideways, it is acylindrical symmetry about straight
line).examples of a surface of revolution include the apple
cone(excluding the base),conical frustum(excluding the
ends), cylinder (excluding the ends).

Basic command to find the surface of revolution of curve

is :
Revolutionplot3D

Qs 1)Plot the surface generated by revolving the curve

2

y=2x^(1/2),1<=x<=2 about x- axis

2) plot the surface generated by revolving the curve
y=x-1,1<=x<=2 about x- axis
In[15]:= Plot [2 √ x, {x, 1, 2}, AxesOrigin → {0, 0}]

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In[1]:= RevolutionPlot3D [{x, 2 √ x}, {x, 1, 2}, RevolutionAxis → {1, 0, 0},

AxesLabel → {"x", "y", "z"}, PlotLabel → "Revolution about " x - axis ""]

Out[1]=
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In[2]:= Plot [x - 1, {x, 1, 2}, AxesLabel → {x, y}]

RevolutionPlot3D [x - 1, {x, 1, 2}, RevolutionAxis → "x", AxesLabel → {"x", "y", "z"}]
y

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In[19]:= Plot [1 - x, {x, 0, 1}, AxesOrigin → {0, 0}, AxesLabel → {x, y}]
RevolutionPlot3D [1 - x, {x, 0, 1}, RevolutionAxis → "x", AxesLabel → {"x", "y", "z"}]
RevolutionPlot3D [1 - x, {x, 0, 1}, RevolutionAxis → "z", AxesLabel → {"x", "y", "z"}]
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Find surface of revolution for y=x^2; x lying between 0 and 2

In[1]:= Plot [x ^ 2, {x, 0, 2}, AxesLabel → {x, y}]
RevolutionPlot3D [x ^ 2, {x, 0, 2}, AxesLabel → {"x", "y", "z"}]
RevolutionPlot3D [x ^ 2, {x, 0, 2}, RevolutionAxis → "x", AxesLabel → {"x", "y", "z"}]
y

Out[1]=
2

x
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In[4]:= Plot [x ^ 3, {x, 0, 3 / 4}]

RevolutionPlot3D [x ^ 3, {x, 0, 3 / 4}, RevolutionAxis → {1, 0, 0}, AxesOrigin → {0, 0, 0},
AxesLabel → {"x", "y", "z"}, PlotLabel → "Revolution about " x - axis ""]

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Using Parametric Equations

In[6]:= ParametricPlot [{t ^ 2, 2 t}, {t, 0, 4}]
RevolutionPlot3D [{t ^ 2, 2 t}, {t, 0, 4}, RevolutionAxis → {1, 0, 0},
AxesLabel → {"x", "y", "z"}, PlotLabel → "Revolution about " x - axis ""]
8

Out[6]= 4

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In[8]:= Manipulate [
RevolutionPlot3D [{2 a t, a t ^ 2}, {t, 0, 1},
AxesOrigin → {0, 0, 0}, AxesLabel → {"x", "y", "z"}], {a, {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8}}]

a 4

Out[8]=

Find surface of revolution for y =√(1-x^2) (semicircle in upper plane)

In[9]:= Plot [√ (1 - x ^ 2), {x, - 1, 1}, AspectRatio → Automatic ]

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In[15]:= RevolutionPlot3D x, √ (1 - x ^ 2), {x, - 1, 1},

RevolutionAxis → "x", AxesLabel → {"x", "y", "z"},
AxesOrigin → {0, 0, 0}, PlotLabel → "Revolution about " x - axis " "

Out[15]=

In[25]:= ParametricPlot [{Cos [t], Sin [t]}, {t, - π / 2, π / 2}]

RevolutionPlot3D [{Cos [t], Sin [t]}, {t, - π / 2, π / 2}]
RevolutionPlot3D [{Cos [t], Sin [t]}, {t, - π / 2, π / 2}, RevolutionAxis → "x"]
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In[28]:= ParametricPlot [{Cos [t], Sin [t]}, {t, - π , π }]

RevolutionPlot3D [{Cos [t], Sin [t]}, {t, - π , π }]
RevolutionPlot3D [{Cos [t], Sin [t]}, {t, - π , π }, RevolutionAxis → "x"]

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In[31]:= Manipulate [
RevolutionPlot3D [{r Cos [t], r Sin [t]}, {t, 0, π }, RevolutionAxis → {1, 0, 0}], {r, 1, 4}]

Out[31]=

Cylinder: It is obtained by revolving a line about line of height. The surface

formed by the points at a fixed distance from a given line segment ,the axis of
the cylinder.
In[1]:= ParametricPlot [{t, 1}, {t, 0, 1}]
Plot [1, {x, 0, 1}];
RevolutionPlot3D [{t, 1}, {t, 0, 1}, RevolutionAxis → {1, 0, 0}, PlotLabel → Cylinder ]
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In[4]:= ParametricPlot [{1, t}, {t, 0, 1}]

Plot [1, {x, 0, 1}];
RevolutionPlot3D [{1, t}, {t, 0, 1}, RevolutionAxis → {0, 0, 1}]
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View vertical: It is an option for Graphics 3D and related functions which

specifies what direction in scaled coordinates should be vertical in final image.
In[7]:= RevolutionPlot3D [{1, t}, {t, 0, 1},
RevolutionAxis → {0, 0, 1}, ViewVertical → {1, 0, 0}]

Out[7]=
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Cone : The surface generated by a straight line , the generator ,passing through
a fixed point , the vertex,and the moving along a fixed curve .The line segment
joining the origin to the point (h,r) is revolved about the x - axis to generate a
cone of height h and base radius r , we take parametric equations x=h t ,y = r t
,0<=t<=1.
In[8]:= r=2
h=3
Plot [(r / h) x, {x, 1, 5}]
RevolutionPlot3D [(r / h) x, {x, 0, 5}]

Out[8]= 2

Out[9]= 3

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In[12]:= r=2
h=3
Plot [(r / h) x, {x, 1, 5}]
RevolutionPlot3D [(r / h) x, {x, 0, 5}, RevolutionAxis → "x"]

Out[12]= 2

Out[13]= 3

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In[16]:= Manipulate [
RevolutionPlot3D [{h t, r t}, {t, 0, 1}, RevolutionAxis → "x",
AxesLabel → {"x", "y", "z"}, PlotLabel → "cone"], {h, 1, 4}, {r, 1, 4}]

Out[16]=
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Inverted cone is obtained by revolving the line y = x about z - axis

In[17]:= RevolutionPlot3D [{t, t}, {t, - 1, 0},
AxesLabel → {"x", "y", "z"}, PlotLabel → "Inverted Cone"]

Out[17]=

Cone Frustum : The line segment joining the points (0,1) & (2, 2) is revolved
about x - axis to generate a frustum of a cone , we take parametric equations x =
2 t, y = t+1, 0<=t<=1 .
In[18]:= ParametricPlot [{2 t, t + 1}, {t, 0, 1}, AxesOrigin → {0, 0}] ×
RevolutionPlot3D [{2 t, t + 1}, {t, 0, 1}, RevolutionAxis → "x"]

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Torus : In geometry, a torus(pl.tori) is a surface of revolution generated by

revolving a circle in three dimensional space about an axis co-planar with the
circle, we take the circle . We take the circle and revolve it about the line x = b .
In[19]:= ParametricPlot [{2 + Cos [t], Sin [t]}, {t, 0, 2 π }, AxesOrigin → {0, 0}] ×
RevolutionPlot3D [{2 + Cos [t], Sin [t]}, {t, 0, 2 π }]

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In[20]:= ParametricPlot [{2 + Cos [t], Sin [t]}, {t, 0, 2 π }, AxesOrigin → {0, 0}] ×
RevolutionPlot3D [{2 + Cos [t], Sin [t]}, {t, 0, 2 π }, RevolutionAxis → {1, 0, 0}]

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In[1]:= ParametricPlot [{2 + Cos [t], Sin [t]}, {t, 0, 2 π }, AxesOrigin → {0, 0}] ×
RevolutionPlot3D [{2 + Cos [t], Sin [t]}, {t, 0, 2 π }, RevolutionAxis → {0, 0, 1}]

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In[2]:= RevolutionPlot3D [{2 + Cos [t], Sin [t]}, {t, 0, 2 π },

AxesLabel → {"x", "y", "z"}, ViewVertical → {0, 1, 0}, PlotLabel → "Torus "]

Out[2]=
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The region lying between two concentric circles defines annulus. The area of
the annulus formed by two circles of radii a and b (a>b) is π (a^2 - b^2) .
In[4]:= RegionPlot [.5 < x ^ 2 + y ^ 2 < 1, {x, - 1, 1}, {y, - 1, 1},
Frame → False , ImageSize → Medium , PlotLabel → Annulus ]
Annulus

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Revolve a function curve around the line through {0,0} and {1,1} in the x - z plane
.
In[9]:= Plot [{t ^ 4 - t ^ 2, t}, {t, 0, 1}, AxesOrigin → {0, 0}]
RevolutionPlot3D [t ^ 4 - t ^ 2, {t, 0, 1},
RevolutionAxis → {1, 1}, AxesLabel → {"x", "y", "z"},
PlotLabel → "Revolution about line through {0,0} & {0,1}"]

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• Revolve Astroid x^(2/3 )+ y^(2/3) =1, 0<=x<=1, about x- axis [Parametric

equations are x = Cos^3t , y = Sin ^3t ]
In[11]:= Plot [(1 - x ^ (2 / 3)) ^ (3 / 2), {x, 0, 1}]
ParametricPlot [{Cos [t] ^ 3, Sin [t] ^ 3}, {t, 0, 2 π }]

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In[13]:= RevolutionPlot3D [(1 - x ^ (2 / 3)) ^ (3 / 2), {x, 0, 1}, RevolutionAxis → {1, 0, 0}]

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In[14]:= RevolutionPlot3D [(1 - x ^ (2 / 3)) ^ (3 / 2), {x, 0, 1}, RevolutionAxis → {0, 0, 1}]

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• Circular Helix :

In[15]:= ParametricPlot3D [{Sin [t], Cos [t], t}, {t, 0, 4 π }]

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In[16]:= ParametricPlot3D [{Sin [t], Cos [t], t}, {t, 0, 6 π }]

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In[17]:= RevolutionPlot3D [{Sin [t], Cos [t], t}, {t, 0, 4 π }, AxesLabel → Arrowheads {- .02, .02 },
AxesLabel → {"x", "y", "z"}, PlotLabel → "Circular helix of Revolutions "]

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• Questions :
1). Let g(x) = √ x , h(x) = x^2 , and R be the region bounded by the graphs of g(x)
and h(x) . Find the volume of the solid obtained by revolving R about (a) the x-
axis (b) the y - axis .
In[7]:= Clear [x, y]
RegionPlot [x ^ 2 ≤ y ≤ √ x, {x, 0, 1}, {y, 0, 2}]
RevolutionPlot3D [{{t, t ^ 2}, {t ^ 2, t}}, {t, 0, 1}, RevolutionAxis → {1, 0, 0}]
RevolutionPlot3D [{{t, t ^ 2}, {t ^ 2, t}}, {t, 0, 1}, RevolutionAxis → {0, 1, 0}]
vx_washer = Integrate [π √ x ^ 2 - (x ^ 2) ^ 2, {x, 0, 1}]
vx_washer = Integrate [2 π √ x - x ^ 2, {x, 0, 1}]
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3π
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2π
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• Q -1). Find the volume of the solid generated when the region b/w graphs of
function of f(x) = 1/2 + x^2 and g(x) = x over the interval [0,2] is revolved about
x- axis .

• Q-2). Find the volume of the solid geerated whe the region enclosed by y = √ x
and y =2 is revolved about y - axis .

In[13]:= g[x_] := x;
f[x_] := 1 / 2 + x ^ 2 ;
Plot [{g[x], f[x]}, {x, 0, 2}, PlotRange → {{0, 2}, {0, 4}}, AspectRatio → Automatic ]
RegionPlot [g[x] ≤ y ≤ f[x], {x, 0, 2}, {y, 0, 4}]
RevolutionPlot3D [{{t, 1 / 2 + t ^ 2}, {t, t}}, {t, 0, 2}, RevolutionAxis → {1, 0, 0}]
v _washer = Integrate [π (f[x] ^ 2 - g[x] ^ 2), {x, 0, 2}]
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Out[15]= 2

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2
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69 π
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In[1]:= g[x_] := √ x;
g1 [y] := y ^ 2
f[x_] := 2;
Plot [{g[x], f[x]}, {x, 0, 2}, PlotRange → {{0, 2}, {0, 4}}, AspectRatio → Automatic ]
RegionPlot [g[x] ≤ y ≤ f[x], {x, 0, 2}, {y, 0, 4}]
RevolutionPlot3D  t, √ t, {t, 2}, {t, 0, 4},
RevolutionAxis → {0, 1, 0}, AxesLabel → {x, y, z}
v _washer = Integrate [π g1 [y] ^ 2, {y, 0, 2}]
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Out[4]= 2

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32 π
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Q.8 410
volume of region bounded by y =x^2 & y = x^3 Revolution about x - axis .
In[10]:= h[x_] := x ^ 3;
g[x_] := x ^ 2;
RegionPlot [h[x] ≤ y ≤ g[x], {x, 0, 1}, {y, 0, 1}, PlotStyle → Red
] × RevolutionPlot3D [{{ t, t ^ 3} , { t, t ^ 2}} , { t, 0, 1} , RevolutionAxis → { 1, 0, 0}]
v _washer = Integrate [π (g[x] ^ 2 - h[x] ^ 2), {x, 0, 1}]

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In[1]:= Clear All;

r = 3
h = 4
g[x_] := r / h x;
Plot [g[x], {x, 0, 4}, PlotStyle → {Red, Thick , , Dashed }]
RevolutionPlot3D [{x, g[x]}, {x, 0, 4}, RevolutionAxis → "x", AxesLabel → {"x", "y", "z"},
AxesOrigin → {0, 0, 0}, PlotLabel → "Revolution about x- axis"]
v = Integrate [π g[x] ^ 2, {x, 0, 4}]
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The line segment joining the point A (r,0) & B(0,h) is revolved about the y- axis
to generate a cone of height h and base radius r , Equation of AB y= (h/r)(r-x) or
x=r/h(h-y)..
In[1]:= r= 3
h=4
g[x_] := (h / r) (r - x);
f[y _] := (r / h) (h - y);
Plot [g[x], {x, 0, 3}, PlotStyle → {Red, Thick , Dashed }]
RevolutionPlot3D [{x, g[x]}, {x, 0, 4}, AxesLabel → {"x", "y", "z"}, AxesOrigin → {0, 0, 0}]
V = Integrate [π f[y] ^ 2, {y, 0, 4}]

Out[1]= 3

Out[2]= 4

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Out[7]= 12 π

Line joining (0,0) & (h,r) revolved about y- axis generatesa cone of radius h and
height r.
In[9]:= r= 3
h=4
g[x_] := r / h x;
f[y _] := h / r y;
Plot [g[x], {x, 0, 4}, PlotStyle → {Red, Thick , Dashed }]
RevolutionPlot3D [{x, g[x]}, {x, 0, 4}, AxesLabel → {"x", "y", "z"}, AxesOrigin → {0, 0, 0}]
RevolutionPlot3D [{y, f[y]}, {y, 0, 3}, RevolutionAxis → "y", AxesLabel → {"x", "y", "z"},
AxesOrigin → {0, 0, 0}, PlotLabel → "Revolution about y- axis"]
V = Integrate [π f[y] ^ 2, {y, 0, 3}]

Out[9]= 3

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Out[16]= 16 π