FT6404 & Textile Chemical Processing - I

UNIT – I
PART - A
1. Give the function of printing process.

Textile printing is the process of applying colour to fabric in definite patterns or designs (or)
Applying coloured patterns and designs to decorate a finished fabric is called 'Printing'. In
properly printed fabrics the colour is bonded with the fiber, so as to resist washing and friction.

2. What is desizing?

Desizing is used for removing sizing compounds from woven fabric previously applied to warp
and is usually the first wet finishing operation performed on woven fabric

3. What are the objectives of Mercerization?

Mercerization is defined as the treatment of cotton textiles with a concentrated solution of alkali
consisting the following conditions:

(a) Application of caustic soda solution around 55-60°Tw (≈31 to 35%) at a temperature of 15
to 18°C

(b) A dwell period of 55 sec on an average, so as to permit diffusion of alkali into the fibre.

(c) Warp tension during alkali treatment and stretching the weft (width) of the fabric during
washing are necessary to prevent shrinkage.

(d) Finally, washing-off of the traces of alkali from the treated fibres

4. What are the objectives of Bleaching cotton fabric?

To produce white fabrics by destroying the colouring matter with the help of bleaching agents
with minimum degradation of the fibre.

5. State objects of finishing process.

The word textile finishing defines a series of processing operations applied to gray fabrics to
enhance their appearance and hand, properties and possible applications.

6. What is means by shearing?

The process of removal of protruding yarns from the surface of the fabric is termed as shearing.

7. List out the objectives of scouring process?

  To make the fabric highly hydrophilic.
 To remove impurities such as oils, waxes, gum, husks as nearly as possible.
 To increase absorbency of fabric or textile materials without physical and chemical
damage.
 To produce a clean material by adding alkali.
 To make the fabric ready for next process.
 To remove non-cellulosic substance in case of cotton

8. What are the objects of singeing?

 Burning of protruding fibers from surface of yarn or fabric

 To improve the lustre and smoothness of the material
 Smoother and more uniform surface
 Brighter appearance
 Singed fabrics allow printing of fine intricate patterns with high clarity and detail.

9. Mention the objectives of degumming process.

 To remove the silk gum sericin from raw silk.

 To improve the luster in the fibre.
 To increase the absorbency of the silk fibre.
 To soften the silk fibre.

10. Write down the objectives of weighting of silk.

The weighting process is carried out to increase the silk weight, providing fuller hand, more
luster and bulk, and making the fibre suitable for the manufacturing of fabrics to be used.

11. Differentiate between singeing and shearing.

S.No Singeing Shearing

1. Process of removal of Process of removal of

protruding fibres from surface protruding yarn from the
of fabric/yarn fabric surface.

2. Done in both yarn and fabric Done in fabric only

3. Carried out using heat and gas Carried by means of cutting,

 flame. cropping and by using gas
flame.

12. Outline the process sequence of cotton woven goods.

Grey Inspection Shearing  SingeingDesizingScouringBleaching

MercerisationDyeingPrintingFinishing.

13. Give process sequence for polyester/cotton blend fabric for dyeing.

Desizing ---> Scouring ---> Mercerizing --> Heat-setting---> Bleaching ---> Dyeing ---> Anti-
pilling i.e. Brushing, Cropping and Singeing ---> Stentering or Sanforizing.

14. What do you mean by Crabbing?

Crabbing is merely a relaxation process conducted under controlled conditions before scouring
to prevent distortion during subsequent processing. Relaxation removes the latent strain
introduced into the yarn before being woven.

15. What is milling process? Why it is done?

During the traditional milling operation, fabrics of combed, carded or blended wool
(nonscoured,scoured or carbonised and neutralised), at about 40°C, are soaked and in presence
ofspecial surfactants, are subjected to continuous pressure both in weft and warp direction.
Underthese conditions, wool fibres tend to felt, thus causing fabric shrinkage and a
subsequentdynamic compacting. After this operation, the material must be washed to remove
dirty waterand the chemicals used.

16. Justify why singeing is done in the later stage for polyester /cotton blends?

Singeing operation is done after dyeing to avoid sooty appearance or dye specks arisen from
melted beads of polyester.

17. State the need for heat setting polyester fabrics.

Heat-setting is a heat treatment by which shape retention, crease resistance, resilience and
elasticity are imparted to the fibres. It also brings changes in strength, stretchability, softness,
dyeability and sometimes on the colour of the material. All these changes are connected with the
structural and chemical modifications occuring in the fibre.
I6 MARKS

1. Explain the operation sequence in chemical processing of silk and wool.

2. Write the flow chart for sequence of process followed in textile wet processing for cotton
fabric and explain.

3. Describe the operation sequence in chemical processing of cellulosic blend materials

4. Discuss the operation sequence in chemical processing of polyester and polyamides.

5. Write the flow chart for sequence of process followed in textile wet processing.

6. Write the process sequence with explanation of 100% cotton fabric.

7. Write Difference between them

a. Brushing & shearing.

b. Sizing & desizing.

c. Souring & scouring.