SAMPLE OF LITERATURE SURVEY & REVIEW TABLE

Compilation Of Literatures Based On Specific Issues/Variables and the Overall Analysis

ISSUE/PROBLEM/VARIABLE
Researcher/Author Year of Title of Study Research Population & Instruments The Findings
Publication Design Sampling Used
Used
Maura Borrego, 2018 Pursuing Quantitative: There were 1082 The authors developed a tool The study found that the identified
David B. Knight, Graduate Study: cross-sectional undergraduate that contained 23 Likert five- factors were self-efficacy, outcome
Kenneth Gibbs Jr., Factors engineering students point scale items related to the expectations, support, obstacles, and
and Erin Crede Underlying from four US student’s decision to go to choice of action. The model fitting
Undergraduate institutions. graduate school. statistics show that it is a strong model.
Engineering Only the selection behavior is not
Students’ significant. Once these factors were
Decisions added to the model, gender and
race/ethnicity differences were
minimal. Hispanic students were more
than twice as likely to say they planned
to pursue a master's degree as those
who did not attend graduate school.
Melinda M. Gibbons 2010 Prospective First- Quantitative: The participants were The College-Going Self- There were differences between
L. DiAnne Borders Generation cross-sectional 272 seventh graders Efficacy Scale (The scale prospective and non-prospective first-
College Students: from four high schools (Gibbons, 2005) consists of 15 generation college students, with the
A Social- in one southeastern state. items related to college former showing lower self-efficacy,
Cognitive The average attendance and 16 items related higher expectations of negative
Perspective participation rate for to college persistence. Use outcomes, and more perception
each school was 37.66%. Likert subscales of 4, ranging disorders.
In each school, 154 from 1(not sure at all) to 4(very
female and 118 male sure).
were surveyed. The
average age is between
12 and 14.
Stephen L. Wright, 2012 Career quantitative: The participants were College self-efficacy was The author founds that college
Michael A. Jenkins- Development cross-sectional first-year high school measured using the College students’ sense of self-efficacy may be
Guarnieri, and Among First-Year students from an urban self-efficacy Scale, which was an important cognitive variable
Jennifer L. Murdock College Students: middle school on the composed of 20 items and affecting their persistence decisions and
College Self- outskirts of Nanjing, placed in three subscales. And academic success. This information
Efficacy, Student China. (total 413persons, attend a seminar, a semester- about their early career development is
Persistence, including 228 female long course based on the theory of great value to career counselors.
and Academic and 185 male) of educational psychology.
Success
Xueying Gu, Mei 2019 E0ffects of a Quantitative: The participants were Major Decision-Making Self- The author states that intervention has a
Tang, Shi Chen, and Career Course on cross-sectional first-year students at a Efficacy Scale (including 35 positive effect on reducing students’
Meredith L. T. Chinese High Chinese urban high items); career decision-making difficulties, but
Montgomery School Students’ school in the suburbs of Career Decision-Making it has a complex effect on career self-
Career Nanjing, China, who Difficulties Questionnaire– efficacy. Proactive, systematic, multi-
Decision Making were tested 516 before Chinese Version (using Likert level, and structured interventions over
Readiness and 484 after. After 9 subscale). an extended period may help young
excluding the invalid people develop their career decision-
data, there were 413 making skills.
cases, including 228
female cases and 185
male cases.
V. Scott Solberg 1998 The Adaptive Quantitative: The participants were Use College self-efficacy. The The author argues that programming
Nance Gusavac Success Identity cross-sectional 388 first-year and CSEI (Solberg, O’Brien, et al., efforts targeting family involvement,
Tammy Hamann Plan (ASIP): A second-year students at 1993) consists of 20 items self-efficacy, and stress, and time
Jill Felch Career two large Western measuring one’s confidence to management should enhance several
John Johnson Intervention for Metropolitan perform various academic tasks college outcomes and students who
Sue Lamborn College Students universities, 230 female associated with college success. received the Adaptive Success Identity
Jose Torres and 15 male, with an Plan (ASIP) intervention were more
average age of 27. likely to use the success identity
construct in defining their role in
college success.
Review and analysis based of specific issues/problems/variables
All the above 5 articles are cross-sectional quantitative studies, with participants ranging from 200 to 1000, and ages ranging from 12 to 27, including junior high
school students and graduate students. Various factors such as different identities, backgrounds, and families were examined using a self-efficacy table or
questionnaire to obtain relevant conclusions. Most of the experiments showed that occupational intervention and self-efficacy had an impact on different
background variables, and a small part of them was different.
ISSUE/PROBLEM/VARIABLE
Researcher/Author Year of Title of Study Research Population & Instruments The Findings
Publication Design Sampling Used
Used
Hui-Hsien Hsieh and 2012 The Effects of Quantitative: The participants were This study was measured using The results show that the social-
Jie-Tsuen Huang Socioeconomic cross-sectional university students from a simplified Version of the economic status and proactive
Status and three universities in Bateman and Krayt (1993) personality are positively correlated
Proactive Kaohsiung, southern Original Proactive Personality with the self-efficacy of career
Personality on Taiwan, who were Scale (PPS) (10 items) and 25 decision-making.
Career Decision taking six general career decision self-efficacy
Self-Efficacy education courses. The Scales - Short Scale (CDSE-
study included 154 male SF).
and 182 female, with an
average age of 18 to 26.
Jennifer Metheny and 2013 Contributions of Quantitative: The study involved 270 This study tests a path model The author contends that both family
Ellen Hawley Social Status cross-sectional undergraduate students, that predicts the self-efficacy of status and family support were
McWhirter and Family aged 18 to 22, who were career decisions and associated with the outcome of social
Support to studying at a four-year expectations of career-related cognitive career development.
College college or university. Of outcomes. Predictors included
Students’ Career those, 83% were women, the socioeconomic status of the
Decision 17% were men, and less original family, perceived
Self-Efficacy and than 1% were social status, perceived family
Outcome transgender. support, and intended family
Expectations occupation-related interactions.
Kevin A. Tate, Nadya 2014 Underrepresented Quantitative: 170 participants Graduate Education Self The study found that when students
A. Fouad, Laura Reid First-Generation, cross-sectional completed the survey Efficacy (GESES; Williams, reported that their family values
Marks, Gary Young, Low-Income (73.7 % identified 2005); affected their career development, their
Eddie Guzman, and College Students’ themselves as female, Family Influence Scale (FIS; pursuits declined. Besides, when
Eric G. Williams Pursuit of a 25.7% as male, and one Fouad et al.,2010); students report a high level of graduate
Graduate identified as Perception of Barriers (POB; education in research on self-efficacy,
Education: transgender). Ages range Luzzo & McWhirter, 2001); the number of them pursuing graduate
Investigating the from 19 to 59. Coping with Barriers (CWB; study increases.
Influence of Self- Luzzo & McWhirter, 2001);
Efficacy, Coping Indicators of Intent to Attend
Efficacy, and Graduate School (IIAGS).
Family Influence
Jerry Trusty 2000 Interaction Quantitative: The study included two The original data were from the There was a 3-way Gender/SES/Race-
Kok-mun Ng Effects of Gender, longitudinal phases of sampling. First 1988 National Education Ethnicity interaction. Race-ethnicity
Maximino Plata SES, and Race- sample schools in the Longitudinal Study (NELS:88, effects were strongest for men at lower
Ethnicity on United States, then we 1996), which included 8,310 SES levels and weakest for women at
Postsecondary sample students in late-stage adolescents. The high SES levels. The nature of gender
Educational schools. About 47% of study began with the National and SES effects differed across racial-
Choices of U.S. men and 53% of women. Center for Education Statistics ethnic groups.
Students 5% of Asia-pacific (NCES) in 1988 when students
islanders; Hispanics 9 were in eighth grade and
percent; 12% black, non- continued until 1994. The
Hispanic; 73% white, subsamples they used were
non-Hispanic; 1% are from the panel samples of
Native Americans. 1992-1994.

Jie-Tsuen Huang 2010 Application of Quantitative: The subjects of this In this study, the format items The author argues that attitudes and
Planned Behavior cross-sectional study are students from of four constructs provided by subjective norms are significant
Theory to eight colleges and Ajzen (2006) were adopted, predictors of intentions. However, the
Account for universities in and the format items were relationship between perceived
College Students’ Kaohsiung city, southern adjusted to adapt to the target behavioral control and intention is not
Occupational Taiwan. A total of 335 behavior of this study (i.e. significant. Also, subjective norms
Intentions in male and 510 female engaging in casual indirectly predict intentions through
Contingent undergraduates employment), thus forming the attitudes.
 Employment participated in the study. 15 result items of this study.
Participants were Projects were completed on
between the ages of 18 Likert 7 subscales ranging from
and 26. 1 (strongly disagree) to 7
(strongly agree)
Review and analysis based of specific issues/problems/variables
All the above 5 articles, only one is longitudinal, and the rest are cross-sectional quantitative studies. The number of participants ranges from 100 to 300, and the
age range is 18-59. There are high school students as well as social members. Based on the scales of previous studies, we use methods such as reference,
adaptation, or creation to test various factors such as different identities, backgrounds, and families to obtain relevant conclusions. Most of the experiments show
that occupational intervention and self-efficacy will have an impact on different background variables, and a small part will be different or not significant.
General review and analysis of the literatures (to conclude the context of the study based on the literatures)
The main research content and directions of the above 10 papers are determined by the students in school. Although there are differences in nationality, gender,
race, and age, their direction and starting point are all based on students' future career planning and social cognition research. Most studies show that personal
cognition and family factors have a certain impact on respondents, but the level of education is not directly proportional to social status. A large number of
authors study the "career of college students", the purpose of which is not only to inspire and influence the country, society, but also families and individuals.

Research design and sample aspects. Most of them are quantitative and cross-sectional, lacking long-term follow-up investigation and qualitative in-depth
investigation. The sample size is not large, and future research can expand the sample size and conduct large-scale investigations. Research findings aspects.
Some research findings are very similar. For example, Stephen L. Wright (2012) and V. Scott Solberg (1998) found that intervention has a positive impact on
students' career decisions. But Jie-Tsuen Huang (2010) found that the relationship between perceived behavior control and willingness is not significant.
Considering the mixed results, more research is needed. Although a series of factors are explored in career decision-making, such as family, gender, race, etc., we
still don't know that these factors play a role in the decision-making process. In the few studies on Melinda M. Gibbons; DiAnne Boundary (2010) found that
whether parents have received higher education is significantly related to the decision. However, he used the convenience sample, which was small (only 272
students). Therefore, increasing the number of samples and the time of experiments may be more helpful and valuable for students' career decision research.

For college students, it is difficult to find a satisfactory job before graduation. Although different countries have different national conditions, economic
development, and changes in social structure are still the main reasons for employment difficulties. According to the time of the literature, from 1998 to 2019, and
now, the employment difficulty is still a very serious problem, but now it is getting worse. If the career planning of school students can be intervened earlier, the
situation may be improved. For example, the school provides some career guidance or career lectures before students graduate, which will have a profound impact
on most students. It will be very helpful whether it is junior high school students, college students, or even people who have been working in society for a while.
This enables them to transition from conceptual planning to specific planning, and then to actual career planning in the future. In other words, planning your
career as early as possible is also the responsibility of the future.
• The format of the table is due to the convenience of the researcher – according to the needs
• It can be done both – manually & digitally, which ever comfortable