Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Ghana Booklet 07
Ghana Booklet 07
sustainable
rural housing
NAVRONGO-BOLGATANGA, Ghana
2002 - 2006
CRATerre Editions
sustainable
rural housing
NAVRONGO-BOLGATANGA, Ghana
HABITAT ET INFRASTRUCTURES PUBLIQUES
DANS LE DISTRICT DE NAVRONGO-BOLGATANGA
2002 - 2006
MISEREOR,
Project n° 130 006 1001 ZG
MINISTÈRE DES AFFAIRES ÉTRANGÈRES
Direction Générale de la Coopération Internationale et du Développement
MISSION POUR LA COOPÉRATION NON GOUVERNEMENTALE
Projet G 020016
Convention 4389/002/00024
CRATerre Editions
Foreword
The local villages, with their distinctive building style, have evolved
over several generations and are well adapted to the lifestyle of the
people and local conditions, and provide a distinct contrast to those in
other parts of Ghana.
The rank order of the five occupations is same for males and females.
The proportion of females in sales work (13.3 %) is twice that of males
(5.8 %). The proportion of males in agriculture is 71.8 per cent compared
with 61.2 per cent females.
1
Ghana living standards survey report 1999
90 % of the housing stock in Upper East Ghana is built of earth. Building
methods tend to change under the influences of “modernity” and the
“internationalisation” of building styles. However modern building
materials are out of the reach of a great majority of the population. As
a cost saving measure, this results in a tendency to make use of these
modern materials in conjunction with local building materials. But, a lack
of scientific knowledge often results in people making technical errors that
render the “modern” buildings less durable and less adapted to the local
conditions than the traditional buildings.
l’habitat
InfrAstructure
Most of the public buildings built recently in the area were constructed
using conventional “modern” construction materials and technologies.
The cost of executing such projects is usually high and government budgets
seldom respond to the actual needs of the local population. Their financial
and technical maintenance is often beyond the reach of the local population.
Most of the local construction firms do not have the necessary financial and
technical capacity to qualify for tendering for such projects. La majorité des bâtiments publics construits récemment le sont en matériaux
conventionnels. Leur construction entraîne souvent l’abandon de l’entretien
The construction of such “modern” buildings often results in the gradual des structures existantes présentes sur le même site. Ces dernières auraient
pu être réhabilitées avec un budget bien inférieur à celui nécessaire à une
abandon of maintaining old buildings which already exist on the same
construction neuve.
site. These old buildings could have been rehabilitated with a fraction of
the funds spent on the new buildings.
L’entretien de ces bâtiments modernes n’est ni financièrement ni
techniquement accessible aux populations locales. Le coût de ces réalisations
The use of improved local building technologies in new construction projects
est élevé et les budgets de l’état ne permettent pas de répondre aux besoins
will help increase the stock of public buildings, using locally derived budgets, des populations locales. De plus ces technologies ne sont pas à forte intensité
and, at the same time help create jobs locally. Furthermore this will enable de main d’œuvre et font appel à des compétences qui ne sont pas disponibles
more local construction firms to tender for such building projects resulting dans les localités où se construisent ces bâtiments. Ils n’ont donc que très
in a better impact of these projects on the local economy. peu d’impact sur l’économie locale.
The potentials of earth
construction in Ghana
It has a large impact on the local economy. A large part of the budget
is invested locally; especially on manpower.
Modern use of earth technologies in Accra Self help houses build in nothern area
Utilisation moderne de l’architecture de terre à Accra Autoconstruction dans le Nord Ghana
Time tested
(Navrongo cathedral, 100 Years old)
Testées par le temps
(la cathédrale de Navrongo, 100 ans)
Potentiel et intérêt
des architectures de terre au Ghana
Potential of contemporary earth
architecture around the world
Le potentiel et la modernité
Opposite page
1. France
des architectures de terre dans le monde
2. Nigeria
3. Austria
4. USA
5. Burkina Faso this page
6. India 1. Uganda
7. Germany 2. French Guyana
8. Peru 3. France
9. South Africa 4. France
10
Project background
The idea of the project came during previous project implemented in
Navrongo from 1997 up to 2002. One was devoted to the conservation of
Reconstruction of the Navrongo Cathedral tower in the 90’ Navrongo Cathedral which is a very interesting example of an adaptation of
Reconstruction de la tour de la cathédrale de Navrongo dans les années 90 traditional building techniques to modern needs and which is adorned with
magnificent traditional mud bas-reliefs. Since the beginning of the century,
Navrongo Catholic Mission has often stood at the centre of development of
the area, and it was thought that the Cathedral could buttress very well
such a project on sustainable building construction.
Institutions, NGO’s, and finally some artisans. The workshop was opened
by Bishop Lucas Abadamloora, and facilitated by the NABOCADO (Father
Ayaga) and CRATerre-ENSAG.
Three technical schools were close partners of the project. All of them
had representatives within SECOTEP:
Contacts
OLL est une école formant des
étudiants au niveau CAP et BEP OLL Bawku technical institute Bolga Tech
dans le domaine de la construction P.O.Box 50 - Navrongo UER Box 279 Bawku east Martin N. ALOARA; Principal
Principal Robert S. Atiiru Alhaji Alhassan UMAR, Principal SECOTEP representative:
SECOTEP representative : Tel : 074 322 248 John Bosco AYITIO,
Bawku Tech et Bolga Tech sont deux
Paul ATOAEBAMIA SECOTEP representative:
instituts de formation technique Mobile: 024 372 67 69 Joseph AGOSWINI.A
délivrant des diplômes de niveau
Bac technique.
17
Project strategies
This definitely gave the main local stakeholders a true project ownership
while guaranteeing its sustainability.
Seminars were organised in order to prepare each phase of implementation.
These seminars were followed by workshops with selected key actors in
order to help to determine the most appropriate strategies necessary to
achieve project goals according to seminar results and recommendations.
The following themes were examined:
• Year 1 Local know-how and existing appropriate building technologies
• Year 2 Needs of local training institutes
• Year 3 Appropriate building technologies
• Year 4 Dissemination strategies
Training of trainers
Formation des acteurs locaux
Stratégies proposées
20
Project strategies related
to each specific objective
3 Sensitization, awareness
Results (1)
Conception, Démonstration,
formation sur le terrain
Plusieurs dossiers techniques (plans, métrés,
descriptifs techniques…) ont été élaborés :
• Complexe scolaire
• Logement urbain « type fonctionnaire »
• Guide technique pour l’utilisation des matériaux
locaux dans l’habitat
• Guide technique « rénovation »
• Principes à prendre en compte dans la conception
de bâtiment évolutif
Résultats (1)
24
REsults (2)
formations
Intensive courses in France
• 4 participants in 2003 (The CC representatives)
• 3 participants in 2004 (2 lecturers and one
manager from « Habitat for Humanity »)
• 3 participants in 2006 (A lecturer, an architect
and a contractor)
In order to ensure the promotion of the project Numerous seminars related to the various
goals, a poster (1000 units) was produced and project objectives were organised. This
supplied to the SECOTEP in 2004. allowed the direct sensitization of more than Sensibilisation
A project brochure (1000 units) was produced 400 people and organisations. Media coverage Plusieurs séminaires portant sur les différents
and supplied to the SECOTEP in 2007. of these events helped to inform the majority thèmes portés par le projet ont été organisés et
of the inhabitants resident within the project ont permis de sensibiliser directement plus de 400
area. Resource persons from all over the personnes et organismes. La couverture médiatique
country took part in these seminars. de ces évènements a permis d’informer la majorité de
la population de la zone couverte par le projet. Des
personnes ressources de l’ensemble du pays ont pris
The following themes were discussed:
part à ces évènements
• Local know-how and appropriate building
technologies
Les thèmes suivants ont été abordés:
• Needs of technical training institutions
• savoir-faire locaux et les technologies de construction
• Rehabilitation of buildings
appropriées
• Appropriate construction technologies: local • les besoins des institutions locales de formation
and national needs • La rénovation des infrastructures existantes
• Technologies de construction appropriées : besoins
régionaux et nationaux
impact
Sur leur propres fonds, les partenaires locaux Le projet a redonné ses lettres de noblesses aux
et les bénéficiaires ont réalisé les constructions architectures en matériaux locaux.
suivantes :
L’enseignement des techniques de la construction
Achievements
• Un dortoir
• Deux centres de réunion en matériaux locaux est effectif au sein de deux Change of people’s perception on the use of local
• Une crèche institutions de formations techniques implantées building materials.
• Une église dans le nord Ghana.
• Une salle de réunion Effective teaching of the use of local materials in
Les approches techniques, stratégies et méthodes
• Un logement de maître the two technical schools in northern Ghana.
proposées par le projet ont été adoptées par les
• Trois centres de nutrition partenaires locaux dans leurs propres programmes
• Un musée Implementation of proposed technologies within
de développement.
• Des annexes d’habitation the building programmes of local partners.
• Un complexe hôtelier (privé avec des conseils du projet) Au travers de ses différentes actions, il a permis de
• Salle de réunion pour les paysans mettre en relation un grand nombre de personnes Networking of national bodies dedicated to the
• Salles de classe impliquées dans la problématique de l’habitat. promotion of local building cultures.
27
The limitation these institutions face is that they Le volet concernant la formalisation de l’enseignement
depend on the regional or national syllabus policy. des technologies de construction en matériaux locaux
As long as the topics related to local building culture dans les programmes officiel Ghanéen a atteint son
are not compulsory and examined, these issues will objectif, à savoir :
not be properly taught at school level. • Montrer que cela était possible au travers de
l’expérience mise en place au sein des écoles pilotes
partenaires du projet
• Mobiliser des personnes ressources locales en
position de faire évoluer cette problématique au
sein des instances adéquates au Ghana.
+
Ils ont permis aux acteurs locaux de s’approprier la problématique et d’être actifs
dans l’élaboration des solutions à mettre en place. Through agreements on the possibilities
offered by the project (budget, programming,
strategies, activities, etc.), local actors were
- New relevant ideas which emerged could not always be taken into
account (flexibility of the project), which resulted in some frustration
able to partake fully in decision-making process
of the project. It is a qualitative approach
for the owners of these ideas. (reaching the project’s objectives) and not a
Les idées nouvelles et pertinentes qui émergent ne peuvent pas toujours être mises quantitative one (implementing the activities).
en places (flexibilité du projet), ce qui peut entraîner la frustration chez les porteurs Ceci permet de mettre en concordance les possibilités
de ces idées. offertes par le projet (budget, programmation, etc.), et
les actions et stratégies définies comme prioritaires, et
permet donc une réelle appropriation du projet par les
acteurs locaux. C’est une approche qualitative (atteinte
Network (project implementation and new partnerships) /
2 Travail en réseau
des objectifs du projet) et non quantitative (mise en
This enhanced the impact of the project both at local and national levels
+ œuvre des activités).
expériences acquises
Points positifs et négatifs des stratégies de mise en place de chacun des
volets du projet
-
It was not always easy to reconcile the
approaches implemented by partners (village
+ engagée.
The current project successfully showed the In spite of the efforts developed, a
potential of local building techniques to meet the large amount of local know-how remains
construction needs of local populations. Priority unidentified and undocumented. Still this
was given to technical and economic themes. knowledge is often the most effective source
In the future, it will be necessary to give more for the development of ideas which allow a
importance to the cultural aspects related to the rational and effective use of local resources
built environment and its use, in order to develop for the modernization of the existing building
architectural solutions adapted to the lifestyles cultures. It is recommended that each actor of
of the various target groups of the project. the project organises coordinated activities,
with respect to the means available to them,
The construction of quality demonstration to collect these information.
buildings, associated with the training of local
craftsmen, is the most appropriate activity for If local institutions have acquired the necessary
the creation of a durable improvement of the skills needed to respond to the most common
condition of the built environment. This activity problems related to the housing situation
must be maintained and extended. In order to in northern Ghana, their capacity to develop
reach the widest public possible and to guarantee adequate solutions for other geographical areas
a wide impact, all organisation who would have in Ghana where the architecture and general
construction projects/programmes in northern conditions are different is to be considered as
Ghana are invited to contact the local project limited.
partners for the revalorization and the promotion
of local building materials. Some actions implemented during the project
are only within the first stages of completion.
Networking the various Ghanaian and inter- This is particularly true with regard to the
national actors who work at promoting these integration of the teaching of local building
architectures has allowed strong achieve- techniques in the technical teaching program
ments in the field of the experience sharing, in in Ghana. The SECOTEP will support its members
limiting the risks of activity duplication, in the who will carry out such activities on their own.
effectiveness of using existing complementary The organisation of a national seminar on this
skills, in lobbying activities, etc. It is recom- subject, involving the relevant representatives
mended that these partnerships be reinforced of the concerned ministries, would make it
and widened so that this field will be recog- possible to define the hurdles to be overcome in
nized as it ought to be. order to achieve this goal.
31
Malgré les efforts développés, il est à noter qu’un grand nombre de savoir
faire locaux ne sont toujours pas correctement identifiés et documentés.
Or ces connaissances sont souvent la source la plus efficace vers le
développement d’idées nouvelles permettant un usage rationnel et efficace
des ressources locales en vue de la modernisation des cultures constructives
existantes. Il est recommandé que chacun des acteurs du projet s’investisse
dans la documentation de ces savoirs-faire.
Certaines actions engagées par le projet ne sont qu’à leurs premières étapes
d’achèvement. Ceci est particulièrement vrai en ce qui concerne le volet
d’intégration de l’enseignement des techniques de construction en matériaux
locaux dans l’enseignement technique dispensé au Ghana. Le SECOTEP fera
tout son possible pour appuyer les membres qui, en son sein, sont porteurs
de ce type de projet. La mise en place d’un séminaire national sur ce sujet
impliquant les représentants adéquats des ministères concernés permettrait
de définir les étapes à franchir afin d’atteindre cet objectif.
32
At the national level, the DRH has been involved in promoting the use of
local materials for housing improvement for over 30 years. The project
approach (acknowledgement of the ingenuity of local building cultures) will
be complementary to that of the DRH which is based on the promotion of
appropriate technologies.
Habitat for Humanity has been active in Ghana since 1987 and has already built
more than 2300 houses. It can now propose building systems and technical
solutions to the local populations, considered as superior in quality, while
reducing cost by 15 – 25%. Habitat for Humanity wishes to implement this
approach within its entire programme.
During the last four years, SECOTEP developed its own identity and
implemented more activities than initially scheduled. Today, SECOTEP
includes seven organisations who want to carry on the initiated activities,
particularly in the field of lobbying and services given to its members
and other beneficiaries (develop the available documentation and make it
available to any interested person or institution).
In order to achieve the project goals, both at SECOTEP level and at the
level of institutions involved, all partners express the will to reinforce
their partnership within the following years. Various projects documents
involving local, national and international actors are currently in their
elaboration processes.
33
Habitat for humanity travaille au Ghana depuis 1987. Le projet lui a permis
d’avoir accès à des systèmes constructifs qui permettent de proposer aux
populations locales un produit considéré comme supérieur en qualité tout
en réduisant son coût de 15 à 25 %. Habitat for humanity souhaite appliquer
cette approche à l’ensemble de son programme au Nord Ghana.
Perspectives
34
1992-2006
At the request of the Dympna Savage assess the Getty GRANT Mission; Development of project proposal for the cathedral Cathedral restoration
Navrongo-Bolgatanga historical background of Thierry Joffroy (CRAterre- restoration museum construction
Bishop, an expert from the cathédral decoration; ENSAG), Dympna Savage,
MISEREOR visited the the diocese contacts Marc Kwani
Navrongo Cathedral to CRAterre-ENSAG as the
assess its condition cathedral tower shows Needs evaluation for the
some weaknesses. cathedral restoration
Demande de l’évéché L’étude de la cathédrale est Évaluation des besoins pour Élaboration du projet de restauration Restauration de la cathédrale;
d’évaluer l’état de la réalisée assurer la restauration de la évaluation des besoins en
Cathédrale de Navrongo cathédrale. Reconstruction terme d’amélioration de
du clocher l’habitat.
Construction du musée
35
Cathedral restoration Development of project Project implementation ........... Project implementation ........... Project implementation ........... Project implementation
proposal for earthen
Workshop in Navrongo architecture promotion Kasugu demonstration Sirigu dormitory project; Boltech demonstration Habitat for humanity built
in order to assess the project and on site Wale Wale rehabilitation house and on site training a rural house prototype
housing situation in Beginning of the SECOTEP training using the SECOTEP
northen Ghana project (August 2002) Refresher course for The Upper East ministry of approach
Workshop on lecturers from technical health adopt the SECOTEP
Designation of the project Assessment of the rehabilitation needs schools approaches Bawcu tech and OLL
Coordination Committee building situation in implement earth
(DDO, BOLTECH, DRH, ACTION Navrongo Bolgatanga SECOTEP contactED BRRI SECOTEP contacted KNUST One BRRI representative technologies within their
AID) Diocesan, fields enquiries attended the post curricula
The project gave Habitat for Humanity, graduate master program
The CC members are now itself a new name; Bawcu tech and OLL join on earth architecture in The cathedral becomes a
from DDO, BOLTECH, DRH, SECOTEP (sustainable SECOTEP Grenoble minor Basilic
and Northern Consultant earth Construction
Technologies Project) The CC members are now The DDO establishes links The navrongo museum was
from DDO, DRH, BOLTECH, with a local contractor opened
Workshop on training Bawcu tech, OLL (Azita enterprise)that act
centre needs as on site trainer and The DDO implemented a
project manager training strategy aimed at
improving rural housing
The CC members are now
from DDO, DRH, BOLTECH, DRH gave support to
Bawcu tech, OLL, Seïdu ECODEP a Ghanain
architecture organisation which
implements earth
The DDO built a church and architecture project
a day care centre using
the SECOTEP approach
Atelier de réflexion et Élaboration du document de Construction d’un premier Premières initiatives sur Réalisation de bâtiments Appropriation; réalisation de
lancement du projet projet sur la promotion des bâtiment témoin, formation fonds locaux; second chantier témoins au sein des instituts chantier formation sur fonds
«Habitat» architectures de terre d’artisans formation; formation de de formation partenaires du propre des partenaires locaux
formateurs; élargissement de projet
la composition du Comité de
coordination.
A CRATerre Publication prepared by/
une publication CRATerre réalisée par
Departement of Rural AZITA ENTERPRISE BawKu Technical Institute CRATerre-ENSAG:
Housing AZORE Imoro Atare, Managing Director, UMAR Alhaji Alhassan, Principal JOFFROY Thierry, Architect, President
LANSAH Madison Mahamadu, National SECOTEP AGOSWINI Joseph.A, Teacher; SECOTEP MOLES Olivier, Engineer; Project manager
Director ANONYE Alban, Water and sanitation AGGREY AMISSAH Roland, Teacher BADARGOT Anne Monique, Sociologist
ALUA Thomas, Regional Director Technician BUKARI Sulemana, Teacher CARAZAS AEDO Wilfredo, Architect
Bolgatanga; SECOTEP AKURUGU Azure Francis, Pumps CARAZAS AEDO Alba, Architect / Designer
ATINGA Victor, Site Supervisor Mechanic Supervisor Boltech Technical Institute DOULINE Alexandre, Engineer
ADONGO Norbert, Site Supervisor AKUGURU David, Site Manager ALOARA Martin N, Principal DUGELAY Samuel, Engineer
AKPENLCA J.A, Site Supervisor ATUUYA Andrews, Accountant ALOLBILA Francis, Vice Principal GANDREAU David, Architect
ATINDANA Daniel, Site Supervisor ADONGO Augustine, Secretary administration GARNIER Philippe, Architect
AGORINYA Daniel, Site Supervisor AYITIO John Bosca, Teacher; SECOTEP MISSE Arnaud, Architect / Designer
SAMUAL Ali, Site Supervisor Architect KORNU Ben, Teacher MORISET Sébastien, Architect
SEIDU John, Architect; SECOTEP PIC Maya, Architect
Habitat for Humanity ghana NABOCADO, (DDO) VALTCHANOVA Varvara, Architect
LEWIS Denis, National Director OLL AYAGA Father Augustine, Coordinator;
PRAH Dorothy, Programme Manager S. ATIIRU Robert, Principal SECOTEP
NDEKUDUGU Solomon, National partner, ATOAEBAMIA Paul, Teacher; SECOTEP AYEMBILLA Joseph, Programme Manager
Upper East Region; SECOTEP GEBUTE Stephen, Teacher
BOKUMAH Raphael, Resource NYONAYARI Alex, Teacher
development and Communication Manager ZIGNE Awine, Teacher
BRRI MISEREOR
K. AMOA-MENSAH, National Director MINISTÈRE français DES AFFAIRES ÉTRANGÈRES
ACHAMPONG Nana Nsiah, Researcher
BAIDEN-AMISSAH P.D., Researcher
WIREKO-MANU Fredrick, Researcher