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by EMCS 257
May Pyae Phyo Thu

1. Solve the following set of equations by

(a) matrix method
(b) Cramer’s rule
(c) Gauss elimination method
(d) Gauss–Jordan elimination method.

4x1 + x2 − x3 = 9
3x1 + 2x2 − 6x3 = −2
x1 − 5x2 + 3x3 = 1
(a) Matrix Method

4 1
A= 3 2
1 -5

x = A−1b

4 1
3 2
1 -5

1 0.25
0 1.25
0 -5.25

1 0.25
0 1
0 0

1 0
0 1
0 0
 1 0
0 1
0 0

1 0
0 1
0 0

0.2553
−1
A = 0.1596
0.1809

x1=
x2=
x3=

.
 -1 x1 9
-6 x= x2 b= -2
3 x3 1

-1 1 0 0
-6 0 1 0
3 0 0 1

-0.25 0 0.25 0 0
-5.25 0 -0.75 1 0
3.25 0 -0.25 0 1

-0.25 0.25 0 0
-4.2 -0.6 0.8 0
-18.8 -3.4 4.2 1

0.8 0.4 -0.2 0

-4.2 -0.6 0.8 0
-18.8 -3.4 4.2 1
 0.8 0.4 -0.2 0
-4.2 -0.6 0.8 0
1 0.1809 -0.2234 -0.0532

0 0.2553 -0.0213 0.0426

0 0.1596 -0.1383 -0.2234
1 0.1809 -0.2234 -0.0532

-0.0213 0.0426 9
-0.1383 -0.2234 b= -2
-0.2234 -0.0532 1

2.3830
1.4894
2.0213
1. Solve the following set of equations by
(a) matrix method
(b) Cramer’s rule
(c) Gauss elimination method
(d) Gauss–Jordan elimination method.

4x1 + x2 − x3 = 9
3x1 + 2x2 − 6x3 = −2
x1 − 5x2 + 3x3 = 1
(b) Cramer’s rule

4 1
A= 3 2
1 -5

det(A)= -94

9 1
A1 -2 2
1 -5

det(A1)= -224

4 9
A= 3 -2
1 1

det(A2)= -140

4 1
A= 3 2
1 -5

det(A3)= -190
 x1= det(A1)/det(A)
x2= det(A2)/det(A)
x3= det(A3)/det(A)

.
-1 x1 9
-6 x= x2 b= -2
3 x3 1

-94

-1
-6
3

-1
-6
3

9
-2
1
2.3830
1.4894
2.0213
1. Solve the following set of equations by
(a) matrix method
(b) Cramer’s rule
(c) Gauss elimination method
(d) Gauss–Jordan elimination method.

4x1 + x2 − x3 = 9
3x1 + 2x2 − 6x3 = −2
x1 − 5x2 + 3x3 = 1
(c) Gauss elimination method

4 1
3 2
1 -5

1 0.25
0 1.25
0 -5.25

1 0.25
0 1
0 0
.
 -1 9
-6 -2
3 1

-0.25 2.25
-5.25 -8.75
3.25 -1.25

-0.25 2.25
-4.2 -7
-18.8 -38

-18.8x3 = -38
x3 = 2.0213

x2 - 4.2 x3 = -7
x2 = 1.4894

x1+ 0.25x2 - 0.25x3 = 2.25

x1= 1.3723

x1= 1.3723
x2= 1.4894
x3= 2.0213
1. Solve the following set of equations by
(a) matrix method
(b) Cramer’s rule
(c) Gauss elimination method
(d) Gauss–Jordan elimination method.

4x1 + x2 − x3 = 9
3x1 + 2x2 − 6x3 = −2
x1 − 5x2 + 3x3 = 1
(d) Gauss–Jordan elimination method.

4
3
1

1
0
0

1
0
0

1
0
0

.
 1 -1 9 4 1 -1
2 -6 -2 3 2 -6
-5 3 1 1 -5 3

0.25 -0.25 2.25 1 0.25 -0.25

1.25 -5.25 -8.75 0 1.25 -5.25
-5.25 3.25 -1.25 0 -5.25 3.25

0 0.8 4 0.25 0.0625 -0.0625

1 -4.2 -7 0 1 -4.2
0 -18.8 -38 0 0 -18.8

0 0 2.3830
1 0 1.4894
0 1 2.0213

x1 = 2.3830
x2 = 1.4894
x3 = 2.0213
 9
-2
1

2.25
-8.75
-1.25
1. Solve the following set of equations by
(a) matrix method
(b) Cramer’s rule
(c) Gauss elimination method
(d) Gauss–Jordan elimination method.

x1-x2=0
(-x1+2x2-x3=1)

(a) Matrix Method 1 -1 0

A -1 2 -1
0 -1 1.1

x = A−1b

1 -1 0 1
-1 2 -1 0
0 -1 1.1 0

1 -1 0 1
0 1 -1 1
0 -1 1.1 0

1 -1 0 1
0 1 -1 1
0 0 0.1 1

1 0 -1 2
0 1 -1 1
0 0 0.1 1

1 0 -1 2
0 1 -1 1
0 0 1 10

1 0 0 12
0 1 0 11
0 0 1 10

A-1 = 12.0000
11.0000
10.0000
 x1 = 11.0000
x2 = 11.0000
x3 = 10.0000

.
 x1 0
x= x2 b= 1
x3 0

0 0
1 0
0 1

0 0
1 0
0 1

0 0
1 0
1 1

1 0
1 0
1 1

1 0
1 0
10 10

11 10
11 10
10 10

11.0000 10.0000 b= 0
11.0000 10.0000 1
10.0000 10.0000 0
1. Solve the following set of equations by
(a) matrix method
(b) Cramer’s rule
(c) Gauss elimination method
(d) Gauss–Jordan elimination method.

x1-x2=0
(-x1+2x2-x3=1)

(b) Carmer's rule

1 -1 0
A -1 2 -1
0 -1 1.1

det (A)= 0.1

0 -1 0
A 1 2 -1
0 -1 1.1

det (A1)= 1.1

1 0 0
A -1 1 -1
0 0 1.1

det (A2)= 1.1

1 -1 0
A -1 2 1
0 -1 0

det (A3)= 1

x1= det(A1)/det(A) 11.0000

x2= det(A2)/det(A) 11.0000
x3= det(A3)/det(A) 10.0000
.
 x1 0
x= x2 b= 1
x3 0
1. Solve the following set of equations by
(a) matrix method
(b) Cramer’s rule
(c) Gauss elimination method
(d) Gauss–Jordan elimination method.

x1-x2=0
(-x1+2x2-x3=1)

( c) Guess elimination method

1 -1 0
-1 2 -1
0 -1 1.1

1 -1 0
0 1 -1
0 -1 1.1

1 -1 0
0 1 -1
0 0 0.1

0.1x3 =
x3 =

x2 - x3 =
x2 =

x1 - x2 =
x1 =

x1 = 11.0000
x2 = 11.0000
x3 = 10.0000

.
 0
1
0

0
1
0

0
1
1
10
1
10.0000

1
11.0000

0
11.0000
1. Solve the following set of equations by
(a) matrix method
(b) Cramer’s rule
(c) Gauss elimination method
(d) Gauss–Jordan elimination method.

x1-x2=0
(-x1+2x2-x3=1)

(d) Guess-Jordan Elimination Method

1 -1 0
-1 2 -1
0 -1 1.1

1 -1 0 0
0 1 -1 0
0 -1 1.1 0

1 0 -1 0
0 1 -1 0
0 0 0.1 0

1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0

x1 =
x2 =
x3 =

.
 0
1
0

0
1
0

1
1
1

11
11
10

11.0000
11.0000
10.0000
Decompose the following matrix into L and U matrices

2 -1 1
a= -3 4 -1
1 -1 1 2 -1 1
-3 4 -1
1 -1 1

u11 = 2

l21 = a21/u11 -1.5

l31 = a31/u11 0.5

u22 = a22-(l21*u12)

u23 = a23-(l21*u13)

l32 = (a32-(l31*u12))/u22

u33 = a33-(l31*u13)-(l32*

Therefore
1.0000 0.0000
L= -1.5000 1.0000
0.5000 -0.2000

2.0000 -1.0000
U= 0.0000 2.5000
0.0000 0.0000
u12= -1 u13= 1

2.5

0.5

-0.2

0.6

0.0000
0.0000
1.0000

1.0000
0.5000
0.6000
Decompose the following matrix into L and U matrices

2 1 -3
b= -1 3 2
3 1 -3
2 1 -3
-1 3 2
3 1 -3

u11 = 2 u12=

l21 = a21/u11 -0.5

l31 = a31/u11 1.5

u22 = a22-(l21*u12) 3.5

u23 = a23-(l21*u13) 0.5

l32 = (a32-(l31*u12))/u22 -0.142857

u33 = a33-(l31*u13)-(l32*u2 1.571429

Therefore
1.0000 0.0000 0.0000
L= -0.5000 1.0000 0.0000
1.5000 -0.1429 1.0000

2.0000 1.0000 -3.0000

U= 0.0000 3.5000 0.5000
0.0000 0.0000 1.5714
1 u13= -3