Math10 q2 Week1 Module1 Polynomial-Functions For-Reproduction

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Mathematics
Quarter 2 – Module 1
Polynomial Functions
About the Module
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the skills in factoring polynomials. The scope of this module permits it to be
used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.
This module is divided into four lessons, namely:

Lesson 1 – Polynomial Functions: Definition and Terms of Polynomial
Function
Lesson 2 – Polynomial Functions: Intercepts of a Polynomial Function
Lesson 3 – Polynomial Functions: Multiplicity of the Roots
Lesson 4 – Polynomial Functions: Graphing Polynomial Function
After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. define and identify polynomial functions; and
2. identify the leading term, leading coefficient, degree and constant of the
given polynomial function;
3. find the x and y intercepts of a polynomial function;
4. identify the multiplicity of the roots;
5. define leading coefficient test;
6. determine the behavior of the graph of the given function;
7. graph polynomial functions using the intercepts (x and y intercepts); and
8. graph polynomial functions using leading coefficient test, turning points
and multiplicity of the roots or zeros.
ii
What I Know (Pre-Test)
Instructions: Read and answer each item carefully. Choose only the letter
of the correct answer and write it on a separate answer sheet.
1. What should be the value of n so that 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑛 defines a polynomial
function?
A. an integer C. a nonnegative integer
B. any number D. any number except zero
2. Which of the following statements is TRUE about polynomials?

A. an expression is a polynomial if the variable has a negative exponent.
B. an expression is a polynomial if the variable has a fraction exponent.
C. an expression is a polynomial if the variable is in the numerator.
D. an expression is a polynomial if the variable is inside a radical.
3. Which of the following illustrates a polynomial function?

A. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + √3 C. 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 −2 − 21
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B. 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − √5𝑥 + 8 D. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 𝑥 3 − 1
4. What is the degree of the polynomial function 𝑓(𝑥) = [(𝑥 − 3)3 ][(𝑥 + 5)2 ]?
A. 6 B. 5 C. 4 D. 3
5. What is the leading term of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 9 + 4𝑥 3 − 8𝑥 2 + 5𝑥?

A. 4𝑥 3 B.−8𝑥 2 C. 5𝑥 D. 9
6. What is the constant term of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 9 + 4𝑥 3 − 8𝑥 2 + 5𝑥?

A. 4𝑥 3 B.−8𝑥 2 C. 5𝑥 D. 9
7. What are the x-intercepts of the polynomial function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 6?

A. 1,2,3 B. −1,2,3 C. −1,2, −3 D. −1, −2, −3
8. What is the y-intercept of the polynomial function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 6?

A. 2 B. 3 C. −5 D. −6
9. What is the factored form of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 2 − 𝑥 – 4?

A. 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 4) C. 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 4)
B. 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 4) D. 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 4)
10. What are the roots of the function 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 – 6?

A. 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 2 B. −3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 2 C. 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 2 D.−3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 2
11. If you will draw the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑥(𝑥 − 1)2 , how will you sketch it with respect
to the x-axis?
A. Sketch it crossing at both (0,0) and (1,0).
B. Sketch it tangent at both (0,0) and (1,0).
C. Sketch it crossing (0,0) and tangent at (1,0).
D. Sketch it tangent (0,0) and crossing at (1,0).
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12. What are the end behaviors of the graph of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 2 − 𝑥 – 4?
A. Falls to both directions
B. Rises to both directions
C. Falls to the left and rises to the right
D. Rises to the left and falls to the right
13. Your classmate Loraine encounters difficulty (ies) in showing a sketch of the
graph of 𝑦 = 𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 − 7𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 6. You know that the quickest way is the
Leading Coefficient Test. You want to help Loraine in her problem. What clue
should you give?
A. The graph falls to both left and right.
B. The graph rises to both left and right.
C. The graph falls to the left and rises to the right.
D. The graph rises to the left and falls to the right.
14. From the choices, which of the following functions in factored form
represents the given graph?
A. 𝑦 = 𝑥(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1)

B. 𝑦 = 𝑥(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1)
C. 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1)
D. 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1)
15. How will you illustrate the graph of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 − 12?
A. C.
B. D.
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Lesson Definition and Terms of
1 Polynomial Function
Monday
What I Need to Know

At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:
1. define and identify polynomial functions; and
2. identify the leading term, leading coefficient, degree and constant of the
given polynomial function.
What’s In
Let us recall that polynomial expression in variable x of degree n is an
algebraic expression in a form
𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑛 + 𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 𝑛−1 + 𝑎𝑛−2 𝑥 𝑛−2 + 𝑎1 + 𝑎0 ,

where, 𝑎𝑛 ≠ 0, 𝑛 is a nonnegative integer and the coefficients 𝑎0 , 𝑎1 , … , 𝑎𝑛 are
real numbers.
Which of the following expressions is a polynomial?
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𝑎. 2𝑥 − 5 𝑏. −5𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 − 1 𝑐. 𝑥 3 + 10𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3
3
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𝑑. 2 + 2 𝑒. 7𝑥 −2 + 3𝑥 𝑓. 8𝑥 2 + √𝑥 + 12
𝑥
Letters a, b and c are examples of polynomial expressions while letters d, e and f are
not polynomials.
From the previous lesson, an expression is NOT a polynomial if:

• the variable is inside a radical;
• the variable has a negative exponent;
• the variable has a fraction exponent;
• the variable has a decimal exponent; and
• the variable is in the denominator.
What’s New
POLYNOMIAL EQUATION VS. POLYNOMIAL FUNCTION
Identify which of the following belongs to polynomial equation and which
belongs to polynomial function.
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 12
2. 3𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 9 = 0
3. 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 10
4. 𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 − 30 = 0
from: http://www.clipartbest.com/clipart-xcg7r7kcA
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What Is It
In the previous lesson, polynomial equation is a polynomial that
has been set equal to zero in an equation.
If we go back to the previous activity, 3𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 9 = 0 and 𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 − 30 = 0
belongs to polynomial equation while 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 12 and 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 10
belongs to polynomial function.
A polynomial function of degree n is a function defined by
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑛 + 𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 𝑛−1 + 𝑎𝑛−2 𝑥 𝑛−2 + ⋯ + 𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑎0 = 0,
where, 𝑎𝑛 ≠ 0, 𝑛 is a nonnegative integer and the coefficients 𝑎0 , 𝑎1 , … , 𝑎𝑛 are

real numbers. The function is also denoted as 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥), where x is the input of the
function and y is the value of the function. The leading term is 𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑛 , 𝑎0 is the constant
term; 𝑎0 , 𝑎1 , … , 𝑎𝑛 are the coefficients, and 𝑎𝑛 is the leading coefficient.
Illustrative Examples:
Ex. 1. Identify the degree, leading term, leading coefficient and the constant term of
the polynomial function 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 5 + 7𝑥 + 𝑥 4 − 4𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 3 − 5.
Solutions:
To identify the degree, leading term, leading coefficient and the constant term
of a function easily, we need to write the equation in standard form. The standard
form of the given polynomial function is 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 5 + 𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 − 5.
Therefore, the degree of the function is 5, the leading term is 3𝑥 5 , the leading
coefficient is 3 and the constant term is −5.
Note: The polynomial function is in standard form when the

terms are arranged from the highest exponent down to the
lowest.
the polynomial function 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 4)(2𝑥 − 1).
Solutions:
The given polynomial function must be multiplied first. In multiplying
polynomials, multiply each term in one polynomial by each term in the other
polynomial and combine like terms.
𝒇(𝒙) = (𝒙 + 𝟒)(𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏)
𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙 + 𝟖𝒙 − 𝟒 (𝑪𝒐𝒎𝒃𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝒍𝒊𝒌𝒆 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒔)
𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟕𝒙 − 𝟒
Thus, the degree of the function is 2, the leading term is 𝟐𝒙𝟐 , leading
coefficient is 𝟐, and the constant term is −𝟒.
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the polynomial function 𝑦 = [(𝑥 + 1)2 ](𝑥 − 3).
Solutions:
In the given function, multiply the polynomial and write the standard form.
𝒚 = [(𝒙 + 𝟏)𝟐 ](𝒙 − 𝟑)
𝒚 = (𝒙 + 𝟏)(𝒙 + 𝟏)(𝒙 − 𝟑)
𝒚 = (𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏)(𝒙 − 𝟑)
𝒚 = 𝒙𝟑 + 𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 − 𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟔𝒙 − 𝟑 (𝑪𝒐𝒎𝒃𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝒍𝒊𝒌𝒆 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒔)
𝒚 = 𝒙𝟑 − 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟓𝒙 − 𝟑
Thus, the degree of the function is 𝟑, the leading term is 𝒙𝟑 , leading

coefficient is 𝟏, and the constant term is −𝟑.
Note: To identify the degree of a polynomial function in factored
form, add the exponents of each factors.
Example: The degree of 𝑓(𝑥) = [(𝑥 + 1)2 ][(𝑥 − 2)3 ] is 5. Add the
exponents of 𝑥 + 1 and 𝑥 − 2 which is 2 and 3.
What’s More
Activity 1. NOW IT’S YOUR TURN!
A. Instructions: Determine whether the given function is a polynomial or not.
Write P for Polynomial and NP for Not Polynomial.
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1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − + 5
𝑥
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 + 𝑥 3 + 4 − √6𝑥
2
3. 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 3 + 9𝑥 4 −
3
4. 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 2)(5𝑥 + 4)
5. 𝑓(𝑥) = [(𝑥 − 2)−2 ](2𝑥 + 3)
B. Identify the degree, leading term, leading coefficient, and the constant term of
the given polynomial function and complete the table below. The first item is
already answered for your reference.
Leading Leading Constant
Polynomial Functions Degree
Term Coefficient Term
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 2 + 12 − 8𝑥 4𝑥 2 4 2 12
2. 𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 3 + 7𝑥 − 6
3. 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 3 − 𝑥 4 + 6𝑥 5
4. 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 4)(2𝑥 + 3)
5. 𝑓(𝑥) = [(𝑥 − 2)2 ](2𝑥 − 1)
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What I Need to Remember
Write your insight/learning about the lesson being studied.
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Lesson Intercepts of a Polynomial

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Tuesday Function
What I Need to Know
• find the x and y intercepts of a polynomial function.
What’s In
To understand x and y intercepts of a polynomial function, let us try to
remember these important terms:
• x – intercepts are the x-values when y = 0, therefore, the points where the
graph intersects the x-axis:
• y – intercept is the y – value when x = 0 and this is the point where the graph
intersects the y-axis.
What’s New
x and y intercepts of a Polynomial Function
Given the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 10,

1. what are the x-intercepts of the function?
2. what is the y-intercept of the function?
3. at what point will the graph intersects or touches the x-axis and y-
axis?
©2020 ClipartPanda.com
What Is It
Let us try to answer the previous activity.
Given the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 10,

1. What are the x-intercepts of the function?
2. What is the y-intercept of the function?
3. At what point will the graph intersects or touches the x-axis and y-axis?
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Question 1: To find the x-intercepts, let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦 and set 𝑦 = 0. Factor the
given function.
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 10
𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 10 Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦.
0 = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 10 Set 𝑦 = 0.
0 = (𝑥 − 5)(𝑥 + 2) Factor completely.
𝑥−5 =0 ; 𝑥+2=0 Equate each factor to 0 to

𝑥=5 𝑥 = −2 determine the value of x.
Therefore, the x-intercepts are 5 and −2.
Question 2: To find the y-intercept, simply set 𝑥 = 0 in the given function.
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 10
𝑦= 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 10 Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦
𝑦= (0)2 + 3(0) − 10 Set 𝑥 = 0.
𝑦= −10
Therefore, the y-intercept is -10. The y-intercept of the function is merely the
constant.
Question 3: The graph intersects the x-axis at point (5,0) and (-2,0) and
intersects the y-axis at point (0, -10).
Illustrative Examples
Ex. 1. Find the intercepts of the 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2 − 11𝑥 + 4.

Solutions:
To find the x-intercepts, set 𝑦 = 0.
𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2 − 11𝑥 + 4
𝑦 = 2𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2 − 11𝑥 + 4 Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦.
0 = 2𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2 − 11𝑥 + 4 Set 𝑦 = 0.
0 = (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 4)(2𝑥 − 1) Factor completely.
𝑥−1 =0 ; 𝑥+4 =0 ; 2𝑥 − 1 = 0 Equate each factor to 0 to

1
𝑥=1 𝑥 = −4 𝑥= determine the value of x.
2
1
The x-intercepts are 1, −4 and . This means that the graph will pass
2
1
through (1,0), (−4,0) and ( , 0).
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To find the y-intercept, set 𝑥 = 0.
𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2 − 11𝑥 + 4
𝑦 = 2𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2 − 11𝑥 + 4 Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦.
𝑦 = 2(0)3 + 5(0)2 − 11(0) + 4 Set 𝑥 = 0.
𝑦= 4
The y-intercept is 4. This means that the graph will pass through (0,4).
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Ex. 2. Find the intercepts of the 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 12𝑥.
Solutions:
𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 12𝑥
0 = 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 Set 𝑦 = 0.
0 = (𝑥)(𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 − 3) Factor completely.
𝑥=0 ; 𝑥+4 =0 ; 𝑥−3 =0 Equate each factor to 0 to

𝑥=0 𝑥 = −4 𝑥=3 determine the value of x.
The x-intercepts are 0, −4 and 3 . This means that the graph will pass
through (0,0), (−4,0) and (3, 0).
𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 12𝑥
𝑦 = (0)3 + (0)2 − 12(0) Set 𝑥 = 0.
𝑦= 0
Ex. 3. Find the intercepts of the 𝑦 = 𝑥 4 − 𝑥 3 − 19𝑥 2 + 49𝑥 − 30.

Solutions:
𝑦 = 𝑥 4 − 𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 + 18𝑥 − 30
0 = 𝑥 4 − 𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 + 18𝑥 − 30 Set 𝑦 = 0.
0 = (𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 5)(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 2) Factor completely.
Equate each factor to 0 to determine the value of x.

𝑥−3=0 ; 𝑥+5 =0 ; 𝑥−1=0 ; 𝑥−2=0
𝑥=3 𝑥 = −5 𝑥=1 𝑥=2
The x-intercepts are 3, −5, 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 2. This means that the graph will pass
through (3,0), (−5,0), (1,0) and (2, 0).
𝑦 = 𝑥 4 − 𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 + 18𝑥 − 30
𝑦 = (0)4 − (0)3 − 6(0)2 + 18(0) − 30 Set 𝑥 = 0.
𝑦 = −30
The y-intercept is -30. This means that the graph will pass through (0, −30).
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What’s More
Activity 2. NOW, IT’S YOUR TURN!
Instructions: Determine the intercepts of the graphs of the following functions.
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 6
𝑥 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑠: ____ ____ 𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡: ____
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 6
𝑥 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑠: ____ ____ ____ 𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡: ____
3. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥4 − 𝑥3 − 43𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 42
𝑥 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑠: ____ ____ ____ ____ 𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡: ____

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Lesson Polynomial Functions:

3
Wednesday Multiplicity of the Roots
What I Need to Know

1. identify the multiplicity of the roots;

2. define leading coefficient test; and
3. determine the behavior of the graph of the given function.
What’s In
From your previous lesson, you have learned that the roots of a polynomial
equation are the zeroes or solution of the equation. These are the values of x at which
the equation is equal to zero. Here are the important theorems relating to the roots
of polynomial equation:
a. A polynomial of nth degree can be factored into n linear factors.
b. A polynomial equation of degree n has exactly n roots.
c. If (x - r) is a factor of a polynomial, then x = r is a root of the associated
polynomial equation.
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Let us try to answer the following questions.
Given 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 4,
1. What is the degree of the given function?
2. What is the leading coefficient of the given function?
3. What is the factored form of the given polynomial function?
4. What are the roots of the given function?
Question 1: The degree of the given function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 4 𝑖𝑠 3.

The degree of the function is the highest exponent of the function.
Question 2: The leading coefficient of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 4 𝑖𝑠 1.

The leading coefficient of the function is the numerical coefficient of the term
with the highest exponent.
Question 3: The factored form of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 4 is

𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 1) 𝑜𝑟 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 2)2 (𝑥 + 1).
Question 4: The roots of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 4 are 2,2 and 1 or 2

multiplicity of 2 and 1.
Note: Multiplicity is the number of times a “zero” is repeated in

a polynomial. The multiplicity of each zero is inserted as an
exponent of the factor associated with the zero.
What’s New
How should I pass through?
Given the function 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 2)2 (𝑥 − 1)3 (𝑥 + 1)4 and its graph,
complete the table below, then answer the questions that follow.
symbolab.com
Root or Multiplicity Characteristic of Behavior of the graph
Zero Multiplicity: Odd relative to x-axis:
or Even Crosses or Tangent
-2
-1
1
2
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Questions:
1. What have you noticed about the graph when it passes through a root of an
even multiplicity?
2. What have you noticed about the graph when it passes through a root of an
odd multiplicity?
What Is It
Let us try to answer the previous activity.
Given 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 2)2 (𝑥 − 1)3 (𝑥 + 1)4 , let us complete the table.
Equate each factor to 0 to determine the value of x or the roots.

𝑥+2=0 ; 𝑥−2 =0 ; 𝑥−1=0 ; 𝑥+1=0
𝑥 = −2 𝑥=2 𝑥=1 𝑥 = −1
Multiplicity is the exponent of each factored form.
Example: (𝑥 + 1)4 The value of x for 𝑥 + 1 = 0 𝑖𝑠 − 1. The exponent is 4,
thus the multiplicity is 4 and number 4 is an even number.
Behavior of the Graph Relative to x-axis

The roots or zeros can either cross the x-axis if the multiplicity is odd or
they can just touch the x-axis without actually crossing the axis (tangent) if the
multiplicity is even.
Root or Multiplicity Characteristic of Behavior of the graph

Zero Multiplicity: Odd relative to x-axis:
or Even Crosses or Tangent
-2 1 Odd Crosses
-1 4 Even Tangent
1 3 Odd Crosses
2 2 Even Tangent
Answers:
1. The graph touches the x-axis without actually crossing the axis.
2. The graph crosses the x-axis.
Ex.1: Given the function 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 3)2 (𝑥 + 1)5 (𝑥 − 5)4 , identify the roots or zeros,
the multiplicity of the roots, the characteristics of the multiplicity, and behavior of
the graph relative to x-axis.
Solutions:
𝑥+3 =0 ; 𝑥+1 = 0 ; 𝑥−5 =0
𝑥 = −3 𝑥 = −1 𝑥=5
Behavior of the
Characteristic of
Root or graph relative to
Multiplicity Multiplicity: Odd or
Zero x-axis: Crosses or
Even
Tangent
-3 2 Even Tangent
-1 5 Odd Crosses
5 4 Even Tangent
11
Ex.2: Given the function 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 4)3 (𝑥 + 2)2 (𝑥 − 3)4 (𝑥 − 6), identify the roots or
zeros, the multiplicity of the roots, the characteristics of the multiplicity, and
behavior of the graph relative to x-axis.
Solutions:
𝑥+4=0 ; 𝑥+2 =0 ; 𝑥−3=0 ; 𝑥−6=0
𝑥 = −4 𝑥 = −2 𝑥=3 𝑥=6
Behavior of the
Characteristic of
Even
Tangent
-4 3 Odd Crosses
-2 2 Even Tangent
3 4 Even Tangent
6 1 Odd Crosses
Ex.3: Given the function 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 7)(𝑥 + 2)2 (𝑥 + 1)5 (𝑥)2 (2𝑥 − 1)3 , identify the roots
or zeros, the multiplicity of the roots, the characteristics of the multiplicity, and
behavior of the graph relative to x-axis.
Solutions:
𝑥+7=0 ; 𝑥+2 =0 ; 𝑥+1=0 ; 𝑥=0 ; 2𝑥 − 1 = 0
1
𝑥 = −7 𝑥 = −2 𝑥 = −1 𝑥=0 𝑥=
2
Behavior of the
Characteristic of
Even
Tangent
-7 1 Odd Crosses
-2 2 Even Tangent
-1 3 Odd C rosses
0 2 Even Tangent
1
3 Odd Crosses
2
What’s More
Instructions: Identify the roots or zeros, the multiplicity of the roots, the
characteristics of the multiplicity, and behavior of the graph relative to x-axis.
Complete the table below.
12
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 8)(𝑥 + 4)2 (𝑥 − 2)4 (𝑥 − 5)3
Behavior of the
Characteristic of
Even
Tangent
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 10)4 (𝑥 + 5)2 (𝑥 − 6)3 (𝑥 − 8)5
Behavior of the
Characteristic of
Even
Tangent
3. 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 12)(𝑥 − 5)3 (𝑥 − 7)5
Behavior of the
Characteristic of
Even
Tangent

_____________________________________________
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13
Lesson Graphing Polynomial
4
Thursday Functions
What I Need to Know
1. graph polynomial functions using the intercepts (x and y intercepts);
and
2. graph polynomial functions using leading coefficient test, turning
points and multiplicity of the roots or zeros.
What’s In
Before we proceed on graphing polynomial function, let us try to remember
the following important terms.
• Leading coefficient is the numerical coefficient of the leading term. The

numerical coefficient of the term with the highest exponent.
• Degree is the highest exponent.
• x – intercepts are the x-values when y = 0, therefore, the points where the
graph intersects the x-axis:
• y – intercept is the y – value when x = 0 and this is the point where the graph
intersects the y-axis.
• Multiplicity is the number of times a “zero” is repeated in a polynomial. The
multiplicity of each zero is inserted as an exponent of the factor associated
with the zero. It also refers to the exponent of each factored form.
• Turning points of a graph occur when the function changes from decreasing
to increasing or from increasing to decreasing values.
• Leading Coefficient Test is a test which uses the sign of the leading
coefficient (positive or negative), together with the degree, to tell something
about the end behavior of the graphs of the polynomial functions.
What’s New
Let us try to observe each figure and complete the table below.
The graph below is defined by The graph below is defined by

𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 6 or, in factored 𝑦 = −𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 4 or, in factored
form 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 2). form 𝑦 = −(𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1).
FIGURE 1 FIGURE 2
14
The graph below is defined by The graph below is defined by
𝑦 = 𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 − 7𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 6 or, in 𝑦 = −𝑥 4 − 𝑥 3 + 8𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 or, in
factored form factored form
𝑦 = (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 2). 𝑦 = −𝑥(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 3).
FIGURE 3 FIGURE 4
Leading End Behavior

Degree Number of
Coefficient of the Graph:
(Odd Turning
Polynomial Function (Positive (Rising or
or Points
or Falling)
Even) (degree–1)
Negative) Left Right
𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 6
FIGURE 1
𝑦 = −𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 4
FIGURE 2
𝑦 = 𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 − 7𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 6
FIGURE 3
𝑦 = −𝑥 4 − 𝑥 3 + 8𝑥 2 − 12𝑥
FIGURE 4
What Is It
If we go back to the previous lesson about the terms related to polynomial
function, we can recall that the leading coefficient is the numerical coefficient of
the leading term or it is the numerical coefficient of the term with the highest
exponent. Degree is the highest exponent of the given function while turning points
of a graph occur when the function changes from decreasing to increasing or from
increasing to decreasing values. The number of turning points can be determined by
degree minus 1.
15
Now, let us try to complete the table based on the give figures.
Leading End Behavior

Degree Number of
Coefficient of the Graph:
(Odd Turning
Polynomial Function (Positive (Rising or
or Points
or Falling)
Even) (degree–1)
Negative) Left Right
𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 6 (3)
Positive Falling Rising 3−1 =𝟐
FIGURE 1 Odd
𝑦 = −𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 4 (3)
Negative Rising Falling 3−1 =𝟐
FIGURE 2 Odd
𝑦 = 𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 − 7𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 6 (4)
Positive Rising Rising 4−1 =𝟑
FIGURE 3 Even
𝑦 = −𝑥 4 − 𝑥 3 + 8𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 (4)
Negative Falling Falling 4−1 =𝟑
FIGURE 4 Even
To determine the end behavior of the graph of a polynomial function, let us study
Leading Coefficient test.
Leading Coefficient Test

Suppose that 𝑃(𝑥) is a polynomial function with degree 𝑛 with leading coefficient 𝑎.
1. If the leading coefficient a is positive and the degree n is even the graph of
the function 𝑃(𝑥) rises to both directions.
2. If the leading coefficient a is negative and the degree n is even the graph of
the function 𝑃(𝑥) falls to both directions.
3. If the leading coefficient a is positive and the degree n is odd the graph of the
function 𝑃(𝑥) falls to the left and rises to the right.
4. If the leading coefficient a is negative and the degree n is odd the graph of
the function 𝑃(𝑥) rises to the left and falls to the right.
Let us try to graph polynomial function using the steps below.
STEPS IN GRAPHING POLYNOMIAL FUNCTION
Step 1: Factor the given polynomial function;

Step 2: Find the x-intercepts of the given function;
Step 3: Find the y-intercept of the given function;
Step 4: Identify the behavior of the graph relative to x-axis;
Step 5: Identify the degree, number of turning points and use the leading the
leading coefficient test to identify the end behaviors of the graph;
Step 6: Identify the coordinates of the turning points (h, k); and
Step 7: Sketch the graph.
16
Ex. 1. Graph the polynomial function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 − 7𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 6.

Solutions:
𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 2)

𝑥+3 =0 ; 𝑥+1 = 0 ; 𝑥−1 =0 ; 𝑥−2 =0
𝑥 = −3 𝑥 = −1 𝑥=1 𝑥=2
The x-intercepts are −3, −1, 1 and 2 . This means that the graph will pass
Thus, (−3,0),
through the (−1,0), (1,0) and (2, 0).

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 − 7𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 6
𝑦 = 𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 − 7𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 6 Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦
𝑦= (0)4 + (0)3 − (0)𝑥 2 − (0) + 6 Set 𝑥 = 0.
𝑦 =0+0−0−0+6
𝑦=6

Sketch the graph crossing the x-axis at points (-3,0), (-1,0), (1,0) and (2,0).
Since the exponents of the factors (x+3), (x+1), (x-1) and (x-2) are odd, the
behavior of the graph with respect to the x-axis crosses the axis.
leading coefficient test to identify the end behaviors of the graph.
Sign of the leading coefficient: Positive Degree: 𝟒 (Even)
Turning points: 𝐷𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒 − 1 = 4 − 1 = 𝟑
The graph rises to both left and right with 3 turning points.
Step 6: Identify the coordinates of the turning points (ℎ, 𝑘);

(𝑥1 +𝑥2 )
To solve the coordinates of the turning points (ℎ, 𝑘), use ℎ = using the
2
x intercepts and substitute the value of h to the values of x of the given
polynomial function.
The x-intercepts are -3, -1, 1 and 2. Arrange the x-intercepts in ascending
order and find the value of ℎ between two x-intercepts. Since we have 3 turning
points, we need to find three coordinates.
1
-3 and -1
Substitute the value of h to x in the function
𝑥1 + 𝑥2 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 − 7𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 6.
ℎ=
2
Solutions:
(−3) + (−1)
ℎ=
2 𝑓(ℎ) = ℎ4 + ℎ3 − 7ℎ2 − ℎ + 6
(−4) 𝑓(−2) = (−2)4 + (−2)3 − 7(−2)2 − (−2) + 6
ℎ=
2
𝑓(−2) = 16 + (−8) − 7(4) + 2 + 6
𝒉 = −𝟐
𝑓(−2) = 16 + (−8) − 28 + 2 + 6
The turning point
𝑓(−2) = −12
between -3 and -1 is
(-2, -12). 𝒌 = −𝟏𝟐
-1 and 1 Substitute the value of h to x in the function

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 − 7𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 6.
𝑥1 + 𝑥2
ℎ=
2
Solutions:
(−1) + 1
ℎ= 𝑓(ℎ) = ℎ4 + ℎ3 − 7ℎ2 − ℎ + 6
2
0 𝑓(0) = (0)4 + (0)3 − 7(0)2 − (0) + 6
ℎ=
2 𝑓(0) = 0 + 0 − 7(0) + 0 + 6
𝒉=𝟎 𝑓(0) = 0 + 0 − 0 + 0 + 6
The turning point 𝑓(0) = 6
between -1 and 1 is
(0, 6). 𝒌=𝟔
1 and 2 Substitute the value of h to x in the function

𝑥1 + 𝑥2 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 − 7𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 6.
ℎ= Solutions:
2
1+2 𝑓(ℎ) = ℎ4 + ℎ3 − 7ℎ2 − ℎ + 6
ℎ=
2 3 3 3 3 2 3
𝑓 ( ) = ( )4 + ( )3 − 7 ( ) − ( ) + 6
2 2 2 2 2
3
ℎ= 3 81 27 9 3
2 𝑓( ) =
2 16
+
8
− 7( ) − + 6
4 2
𝟑
𝒉 = 𝟐 or 1.5 3
𝑓( ) =
81
+
27
−
63 3
− +6
2 16 8 4 2
The turning point 3 81 54 252 24 96

𝑓( ) = + − − +
between 1 and 2 is 2 16 16 16 16 16
3 −45 3 −45
( , ) or (1.5, -2.81) 𝑓( ) =
2 16
2 16
−𝟒𝟓
𝒌= or -2.81
𝟏𝟔
18
Ex. 2. Graph the polynomial function 𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 4 + 10𝑥 2 − 9.

Solutions:
𝑓(𝑥) = −(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 3)

𝑥+1=0 ; 𝑥−1 =0 ; 𝑥+3=0 ; 𝑥−3=0
𝑥 = −1 𝑥=1 𝑥 = −3 𝑥=3
The x-intercepts are −1, 1, −3 and 3 . This means that the graph will
Thus,
pass the (−1,0), (1,0), (−3,0) and (3, 0).
through

𝑓(𝑥) = −(𝑥 4 − 10𝑥 2 + 9)

𝑦 = −(𝑥 4 − 10𝑥 2 + 9) Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦
𝑦 = −[(0)4 − 10(0)2 + 9] Set 𝑥 = 0.
𝑦 = −[0 − 10(0) + 9]
𝑦 = −9

Since the exponents of the factors are odd the graph crosses to the points
(−1,0), (1,0), (−3,0) and (3, 0).
Sketch the graph crossing the points (−1,0), (1,0), (−3,0) and (3, 0).
Sign of the leading coefficient: Negative Degree: 𝟒 (Even)
Turning points: 𝐷𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒 − 1 = 4 − 1 = 𝟑
The graph falls to both left and right with 3 turning points.
19
The x-intercepts are -1, 1, -3 and 3. Arrange the x-intercepts in ascending
order (-3, -1, 1 and 3) and find the value of ℎ between two x-intercepts. Since we
have 3 turning points, we need to find three coordinates.
-3 and -1 Substitute the value of h to x in the function

𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 4 + 10𝑥 2 − 9.
𝑥1 + 𝑥2
ℎ=
2
Solutions:
(−3) + (−1)
ℎ= 𝑓(ℎ) = −ℎ4 + 10ℎ2 − 9
2
(−4) 𝑓(−2) = −(−2)4 + 10(−2)2 − 9
ℎ=
2 𝑓(−2) = −(16) + 10(4) − 9
𝒉 = −𝟐 𝑓(−2) = −16 + 40 − 9
The turning point 𝑓(−2) = 15
between -3 and -1 is
𝒌 = 𝟏𝟓
(-2, 15).

𝑥1 + 𝑥2 𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 4 + 10𝑥 2 − 9.
ℎ=
2
Solutions:
(−1) + 1
ℎ= 𝑓(ℎ) = −ℎ4 + 10ℎ2 − 9
2
0 𝑓(0) = −(0)4 + 10(0)2 − 9
ℎ=
2 𝑓(0) = −0 + 10(0) − 9
𝒉=𝟎 𝑓(0) = 0 − 9
The turning point 𝑓(0) = −9
between -1 and 1 is
(0, -9). 𝒌 = −𝟗

𝑥1 + 𝑥2 𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 4 + 10𝑥 2 − 9.
ℎ= Solutions:
2
1+3 𝑓(ℎ) = −ℎ4 + 10ℎ2 − 9
ℎ=
2 𝑓(2) = −(2)4 + 10(2)2 − 9
4 𝑓(2) = −(16) + 10(4) − 9
ℎ=
2
𝑓(2) = −16 + 40 − 9
𝒉=𝟐
𝑓(2) = 15
The turning point
𝒌 = 𝟏𝟓
between 1 and 3 is
(2, 15)
20
Ex. 3. Graph the polynomial function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 18𝑥 − 40.

Solutions:
𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 5)(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 4)

𝑥+5 =0 ; 𝑥+2 = 0 ; 𝑥−4 =0
𝑥 = −5 𝑥 = −2 𝑥=4
The x-intercepts are −5, −2 and 4 . This means that the graph will pass
Thus, (−5,0),
through the (−2,0) and (4, 0).

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 18𝑥 − 40
𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 18𝑥 − 40 Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦
𝑦 = (0)3 + 3(0)2 − 18(0) − 40 Set 𝑥 = 0.
𝑦 = 0 + 3(0) − 0 − 40
𝑦 = −40
The y-intercept is −40. This means that the graph will pass through (0, −40).

Since the exponents of the factors are odd the graph crosses to the points
(−5,0), (−2,0) and (4, 0).
Sketch the graph crossing the points (−5,0), (−2,0) and (4, 0).
Sign of the leading coefficient: Positive Degree: 𝟑 (Odd)
Turning points: 𝐷𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒 − 1 = 3 − 1 = 𝟐
The graph falls to the left and rises to the right with 2 turning points.
21
The x-intercepts are -5, -2 and 4. Arrange the x-intercepts in ascending order
and find the value of ℎ between two x-intercepts.
-5 and -2 Substitute the value of h to x in the function

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 18𝑥 − 40.
𝑥1 + 𝑥2 Solutions:
ℎ=
2 𝑓(ℎ) = ℎ3 + 3ℎ2 − 18ℎ − 40
(−5) + (−2)
ℎ= −7 −7 −7 2 −7
2 𝑓 ( ) = ( )3 + 3 ( ) − 18 ( ) − 40
2 2 2 2
(−7) −7 (−343) 49 126
ℎ= 𝑓( ) = + 3( ) + − 40
2 2 8 4 2
−𝟕 −7 (−343) 147 126

𝒉= or -3.5 𝑓( ) = + + − 40
𝟐 2 8 4 2
−7 (−343) 294 504 320

𝑓( ) = + + −
2 8 8 8 8
The turning point
−7 135
between -5 and -2 is 𝑓( ) =
2 8
−7 135
( , ) or (-3.5, 16.88). 𝟏𝟑𝟓
2 8 𝒌= or 16.88
𝟖

𝑥1 + 𝑥2 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 18𝑥 − 40.
ℎ=
2
Solutions:
(−2) + 4
ℎ= 𝑓(ℎ) = ℎ3 + 3ℎ2 − 18ℎ − 40
2
2 𝑓(1) = (1)3 + 3(1)2 − 18(1) − 40
ℎ=
2 𝑓(1) = 1 + 3(1) − 18 − 40
𝒉=𝟏
𝑓(1) = 1 + 3 − 18 − 40
The turning point 𝑓(1) = −54
between -2 and 4 is
(1, -54). 𝒌 = −𝟓𝟒
22
Ex. 4. Graph the polynomial function 𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 5 + 2𝑥 4 + 3𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 − 4𝑥.
Solutions:
𝑓(𝑥) = −(𝑥)(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 2)
or
𝑓(𝑥) = −(𝑥)(𝑥 + 1)2 (𝑥 − 2)2

𝑥=0 ; 𝑥+1=0 ; 𝑥−2=0
𝑥=0 𝑥 = −1 𝑥=2
The x-intercepts are 0, −1 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 2 and 2 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 2 .

Thus,
This the that the graph will pass through (0,0), (−1,0) and (2, 0).
means

𝑓(𝑥) = −(𝑥 5 + 2𝑥 4 + 3𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 − 4𝑥)

𝑦 = −(𝑥 5 + 2𝑥 4 + 3𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 − 4𝑥) Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦
𝑦 = −(𝑥 5 + 2𝑥 4 + 3𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 − 4𝑥) Set 𝑥 = 0.
𝑦 = −[(0)5 + 2(0)4 + 3(0)3 − 4(0)2 − 4(0)]
𝑦=0

The exponent of x is odd, thus, the graph crosses to the point (0, 0). While
the exponents of (𝑥 + 1) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑥 − 2) are even, thus, the graph is tangent at points
(−1,0) and (2, 0).
Sketch the graph crossing the point (0, 0) and tangent at points (−1,0) and (2, 0).
Sign of the leading coefficient: Negative Degree: 𝟓 (Odd)
Turning points: 𝐷𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒 − 1 = 5 − 1 = 𝟒
The graph rises to the left and falls to the right with 4 turning points.
The x-intercepts are 0, -1 and 2. Arrange the x-intercepts in ascending order

(-1, 0, 2) and find the value of ℎ between two x-intercepts. Two turning points are at
points (-1, 0) and (2,0) since they are tangent.
Therefore, we will only look for other two turning points.
23
𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 5 + 2𝑥 4 + 3𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 − 4𝑥.
𝑥1 + 𝑥2
ℎ= Solutions:
2
𝑓(ℎ) = −ℎ5 + 2ℎ4 + 3ℎ3 − 4ℎ2 − 4ℎ
(−1) + 0
ℎ=
2 −1 −1 5 −1 4 −1 3 −1 2 −1
𝑓( ) = −( ) + 2( ) + 3( ) − 4( ) − 4( )
2 2 2 2 2 2
(−1)
ℎ= −1 −1 1
𝑓( ) = −( ) + 2( ) + 3( ) − 4( ) +
−1 1 4
2 2 32 16 8 4 2
−𝟏
𝒉= or -0.5 −1
𝑓( ) =
(−1)
+
2 3
− −
4
+
4
𝟐 2 32 16 8 4 2
−1 (−1) 4 12 32 64
𝑓( ) = + − − +
2 32 32 32 32 32
The turning point
between -1 and 0 is −1
𝑓( ) =
23
2 32
−1 23
( , ) or (-0.5, 0.72). 𝟐𝟑
2 32 𝒌= or 0.72
𝟑𝟐

𝑥1 + 𝑥2 𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 5 + 2𝑥 4 + 3𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 − 4𝑥.
ℎ=
2
Solutions:
0+2
ℎ=
2 𝑓(ℎ) = −ℎ5 + 2ℎ4 + 3ℎ3 − 4ℎ2 − 4ℎ
2 𝑓(1) = −(1)5 + 2(1)4 + 3(1)3 − 4(1)2 − 4(1)
ℎ=
2
𝑓(1) = −(1) + 2(1) + 3(1) − 4(1) − 4
𝒉=𝟏
𝑓(1) = −1 + 2 + 3 − 4 − 4
The turning point
𝑓(1) = −4
between 0 and 2 is
(1, -4). 𝒌 = −𝟒
24
What’s More
Instructions: For each given polynomial function, determine the following and
sketch the graph.
1. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 (𝑥 + 5)(𝑥 − 4)
a. Sign of the leading coefficient: __________________
b. degree of the function:__________________________
c. x-intercepts:____________________________________
d. y-intercept:_____________________________________
e. number of turning points:_______________________
f. Sketch the graph
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 5 + 3𝑥 4 − 19𝑥 3 − 43𝑥 2 − 18𝑥 − 40

a. Sign of the leading coefficient: __________________
b. degree of the function:__________________________
c. x-intercepts:____________________________________
d. y-intercept:_____________________________________
e. number of turning points:_______________________
f. Sketch the graph

_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
25
Friday
Polynomial Function:
Assessment
Assessment (Post Test)
Instructions: Read each item carefully. Encircle the letter of the best answer.
1. What should be the value of n so that 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑛 defines a polynomial

function?
A. An integer C. A nonnegative integer
B. Any number D. Any number except zero
2. Which of the following illustrates a polynomial function?

A. 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − √5𝑥 + 8 C. 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 −2 − 21
1
B. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + √3 D. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 𝑥 3 − 1
3. What is the leading coefficient of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 9 + 4𝑥 3 − 8𝑥 2 + 5𝑥?

A. 9 B.−8 C. 5 D. 4
4. What is the degree of the polynomial function 𝑓(𝑥) = [(𝑥 − 3)3 ][(𝑥 + 5)2 ]?
A. 6 B. 5 C. 4 D. 3
5. What is the constant term of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 9 + 4𝑥 3 − 8𝑥 2 + 5𝑥?

B. 4𝑥 3 B.−8𝑥 2 C. 5𝑥 D. 9
6. What is the leading term of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 9 + 4𝑥 3 − 8𝑥 2 + 5𝑥?

A. 4𝑥 3 B.−8𝑥 2 C. 5𝑥 D. 9
7. What are the x-intercepts of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 − 8𝑥 2 − 12𝑥?

A. 2,2,3 B. −2, −2,3 C. 0,2,2,3 D. 0, −2, −2,3
8. What is the y-intercept of the polynomial function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 − 8𝑥 2 − 12𝑥?

A. 0 B. 4 C. 8 D. 12
9. What is the factored form of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 2 − 𝑥 – 4?

A. 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 4) C. 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 4)
B. 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 4) D. 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 4)
10. What are the roots of the function 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 − 12?

A. 2,2, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 3 B. −2, −2, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 3 C. 2, −2, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 3 D. −2, −2, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 3
11. If you will draw the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 (𝑥 − 1), how will you sketch it with respect
to the x-axis?
A. Sketch it crossing at both (0,0) and (1,0).
B. Sketch it tangent at both (0,0) and (1,0).
C. Sketch it crossing (0,0) and tangent at (1,0).
D. Sketch it tangent (0,0) and crossing at (1,0).
26
12. What are the end behaviors of the graph of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 2 − 𝑥 – 4?
A. Falls to both directions
B. Rises to both directions
C. Falls to the left and rises to the right
D. Rises to the left and falls to the right
13. Your classmate Loraine encounters difficulties in showing a sketch of the

graph of 𝑦 = −𝑥 4 − 𝑥 3 + 7𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 6. You know that the quickest way is the
Leading Coefficient Test. You want to help Loraine in her problem. What clue
should you give?
A. The graph falls to both left and right.
B. The graph rises to both left and right.
C. The graph falls to the left and rises to the right.
D. The graph rises to the left and falls to the right.
14. From the choices, which of the following function in factored form represents
the given graph?
A. 𝑦 = 𝑥(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1)

B. 𝑦 = 𝑥(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1)
C. 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1)
D. 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1)
15. How will you illustrate the graph of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 − 12?
A. C.
B. D.
27
28
Activity 1.A. Activity 2
1. Not Polynomial
2. Polynomial 1. x-intercepts: -6,-1
3. Polynomial y-intercept : 6
4. Polynomial
2. x-intercepts: -1,2,3
5. Not Polynomial
y-intercept : 6
Activity 1.B.
3. x-intercepts: -6,-1,1,7
Leading Leading Constant y-intercept : 42
Degree
Term Coefficient Term
2. 5𝑥 3 5 3 -6
3. 6𝑥 5 6 5 0
4. 2𝑥 2 2 2 -12
5. 2𝑥 3 2 3 -4
Activity 3.
1.
Behavior of the
Characteristic of
Even
Tangent
-8 1 Odd Crosses
-4 2 Even Tangent
2 4 Even Tangent
5 3 Odd Crosses
2.
-10 4 Even Tangent
-5 2 Even Tangent
6 3 Odd Crosses
8 5 Odd Crosses
3.
-12 1 Odd Crosses
5 3 Odd Crosses
7 5 Odd Crosses
required.
Remember: This portion of the module contains all the answers. Your HONESTY is
Answer Key
29
Activity 4.
1. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 1)
a. Sign of the leading coefficient: POSITIVE
b. degree of the function: 4
c. x-intercepts: 0, -3, 1
d. y-intercept: 0
e. number of turning points: 3
f. Sketch the graph
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 5 + 3𝑥 4 − 19𝑥 3 − 43𝑥 2 + 18𝑥 + 40
a. Sign of the leading coefficient: POSITIVE
b. degree of the function: 5
c. x-intercepts: -5, -2, -1, 1, 4
d. y-intercept: 40
e. number of turning points: 4
f. Sketch the graph
References
Books
Bernabe, Julieta G., Maricel C. Corpuz, Ricardo M. Crisostomo, Soledad J. Dilao,
Michael Lee, Alicia L. Padua, and Rommel S. Quiming. 2014. Our World of
Math 10. Quezon City: Vibal Group Inc.
Chu, Tom N. 2015. Mathematics for the 21st Century Learner. Makati City. Diwa
Learning Systems Inc.
Graphs
Retrieved November 5,2020 from
https://www.symbolab.com/solver/functions-calculator
Images
Math Symbol Clipart
Retrieved November 5,2020 from
http://www.clipartpanda.com/categories/math-clip-art-black-and-
white
Avatars
The avatars used in this module are created using Bitmoji application.
Congratulations!
You are now ready for the next module. Always remember the following:
1. Make sure every answer sheet has your

▪ Name
▪ Grade and Section
▪ Title of the Activity or Activity No.
2. Follow the date of submission of answer sheets as agreed with your
teacher.
3. Keep the modules with you and return them at the end of the school year
or whenever face-to-face interaction is permitted.
30

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10

This module is divided into four lessons, namely:

After going through this module, you are expected to:

2. Which of the following statements is TRUE about polynomials?

3. Which of the following illustrates a polynomial function?

5. What is the leading term of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 9 + 4𝑥 3 − 8𝑥 2 + 5𝑥?

6. What is the constant term of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 9 + 4𝑥 3 − 8𝑥 2 + 5𝑥?

7. What are the x-intercepts of the polynomial function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 6?

8. What is the y-intercept of the polynomial function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 6?

9. What is the factored form of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 2 − 𝑥 – 4?

10. What are the roots of the function 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 – 6?

A. 𝑦 = 𝑥(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1)

What I Need to Know

𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑛 + 𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 𝑛−1 + 𝑎𝑛−2 𝑥 𝑛−2 + 𝑎1 + 𝑎0 ,

From the previous lesson, an expression is NOT a polynomial if:

A polynomial function of degree n is a function defined by

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑛 + 𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 𝑛−1 + 𝑎𝑛−2 𝑥 𝑛−2 + ⋯ + 𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑎0 = 0,

where, 𝑎𝑛 ≠ 0, 𝑛 is a nonnegative integer and the coefficients 𝑎0 , 𝑎1 , … , 𝑎𝑛 are

Note: The polynomial function is in standard form when the

𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙 + 𝟖𝒙 − 𝟒 (𝑪𝒐𝒎𝒃𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝒍𝒊𝒌𝒆 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒔)

𝒚 = [(𝒙 + 𝟏)𝟐 ](𝒙 − 𝟑)

𝒚 = 𝒙𝟑 + 𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 − 𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟔𝒙 − 𝟑 (𝑪𝒐𝒎𝒃𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝒍𝒊𝒌𝒆 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒔)

Thus, the degree of the function is 𝟑, the leading term is 𝒙𝟑 , leading

Lesson Intercepts of a Polynomial

Given the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 10,

Given the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 10,

𝑥−5 =0 ; 𝑥+2=0 Equate each factor to 0 to

Therefore, the x-intercepts are 5 and −2.

Question 2: To find the y-intercept, simply set 𝑥 = 0 in the given function.

Ex. 1. Find the intercepts of the 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2 − 11𝑥 + 4.

𝑥−1 =0 ; 𝑥+4 =0 ; 2𝑥 − 1 = 0 Equate each factor to 0 to

To find the y-intercept, set 𝑥 = 0.

𝑥=0 ; 𝑥+4 =0 ; 𝑥−3 =0 Equate each factor to 0 to

To find the y-intercept, set 𝑥 = 0.

Ex. 3. Find the intercepts of the 𝑦 = 𝑥 4 − 𝑥 3 − 19𝑥 2 + 49𝑥 − 30.

Equate each factor to 0 to determine the value of x.

To find the y-intercept, set 𝑥 = 0.

What I Need to Remember

Lesson Polynomial Functions:

What I Need to Know

1. identify the multiplicity of the roots;

Question 1: The degree of the given function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 4 𝑖𝑠 3.

Question 2: The leading coefficient of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 4 𝑖𝑠 1.

Question 3: The factored form of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 4 is

Question 4: The roots of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 4 are 2,2 and 1 or 2

Note: Multiplicity is the number of times a “zero” is repeated in

Equate each factor to 0 to determine the value of x or the roots.

Behavior of the Graph Relative to x-axis

Root or Multiplicity Characteristic of Behavior of the graph

2. 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 10)4 (𝑥 + 5)2 (𝑥 − 6)3 (𝑥 − 8)5

3. 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 12)(𝑥 − 5)3 (𝑥 − 7)5

What I Need to Remember

• Leading coefficient is the numerical coefficient of the leading term. The

The graph below is defined by The graph below is defined by

Leading End Behavior

Leading End Behavior

Leading Coefficient Test

Let us try to graph polynomial function using the steps below.

STEPS IN GRAPHING POLYNOMIAL FUNCTION

Step 1: Factor the given polynomial function;

Ex. 1. Graph the polynomial function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 − 7𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 6.

Step 2: Find the x-intercepts of the given function;

Step 3: Find the y-intercept of the given function;