Math 10 – Module 5 – Week 5 – First Quarter

MATHEMATICS 10

Module 5 : Week 5 : First Quarter

Problem Solving involving Sequences

Learning Competencies (Essential Competencies)

The learners solve problems involving sequences
Code: M10AL-If-2

Objectives
At the end of the lesson the learners should be able to;
a. Solve routine and non-routine problems involving arithmetic and geometric
sequence.
b. Formulate and solve problems involving arithmetic and geometric sequence.

Let’s Recall (Review)

Did you know the official name of the number sign (#) also known as hashtag or pound sign?

Study the following sequences and identify the missing terms to answer the above
trivia.
P- 35, 32, 29, 26, ___ R- 3, 6, 12, ___
C- 28, 38, 48, ___, 68 T- 35, 43, 51, ___, 67
E- 3, 24, 192, ... ; r= ___ O- -5, -13, -21, …; d= ___
H- 5, 25, 125, … Constant= ____

-8 58 59 -8 59 5 -8 24 23 8

Let’s Understand (Study the Concept)

In the previous modules, you have learned the basic concepts and skills on Sequences.
Recall that a sequence is a list of numbers that usually follow a rule. The table below shows
the concepts and difference between the two types of sequences.

Arithmetic Sequence Geometric Sequence

Example 2, 4, 6, 8, … 3, 9, 27, 81, …

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 Math 10 – Module 5 – Week 5 – First Quarter

Pattern/ Rule Adding a constant Multiplying a constant

(Add 2) number
(Multiply to 3)
Constant term common difference (d) common ratio (r)
(d=2) (r=3)
Formula for the nth an= a1 + (n-1) d an= a1 r n-1
Term
ex. a5=2+ (4-1)(2) a5=10 ex. a5=3 (3)(5-1) a5=243
Sum of n terms Sn = Finite

S5= = = 30 Sn =

OR S5 = = 363
Sn = Infinite
S5= = S =
= 30
S = =

At this point, you are expected to apply those skills in answering set of word problems
involving Arithmetic and Geometric Sequences.

Lesson 1: Solving Routine and Non-routine Word Problems involving Arithmetic

Sequence

In answering word problems, it is important to read and understand well the given
situation by identifying what is asked and what are the given. This will help us in thinking of
the best strategy to solve a given problem. In mathematics, we encounter easy and difficult
word problems, these are identified as routine and non-routine word problems, respectively.
A routine problem is a type of word problem that has a quick or direct solution whereas a
non-routine problem requires further analysis and more than one solution and strategy.

Tips in Analyzing a Word Problem

1. Organize the data in a table if possible to easily identify the given in connection to the
mathematical concept (Arithmetic sequence).
2. Substitute the given using the appropriate formula.
3. Solve carefully by following GEMDAS rule.
4. Double check the answer by applying the answer to the context of the problem.

Ex. 1: There are 150 students in Grade One, 170 students in Grade Two and 190 students in
Grade Three in elementary school, and so on in an arithmetic sequence. How many
students are there in Grade Six level?
Given: Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 6
150 170 190 ?
a1 a2 a3 a6
a1= 150, d=20, n=6

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Asked: No. of Grade Six students (a6)

Solution: an= a1 + (n-1) d
a6 = 150 + (6-1)20
a6 = 250
Final Answer: There are 250 students in Grade Six.

Ex. 2: A school auditorium has 50 seats on the first row, 54 seats on the second row, 58 seats
on the third row, and so on and has 20 rows of seats. How many seats are in the
auditorium?
Given: First row Second row Third row … 20th row
50 54 58
a1 a2 a3 a20
20 rows (n=20)
Asked: Total number of seats (S30)
Solution: Sn =
S20 =
S20 =
S20 = 10(176) = 1, 760
Final Answer: The total number of seats in the school auditorium is 1, 760.

Ex. 3: Find the sum of the all odd positive integers from (0-50)
Given: Odd positive integers 1+3+5+7+ …. nth odd term
(Write at least first 4 terms to illustrate)
Asked: Sum of all odd integers from 0-50
Solution: Sn = Sn =
This is the formula to find what is asked. However, we cannot use it directly
since two variables are unknown (Sn and n).

Step 1: To solve the problem, we must know the last odd term and its
position(nth) so that it will be easy to use the solution for sum of
arithmetic terms.
1+3+5+7+ …49. Find the position of 49.
an= a1 + (n-1) d
49= 1 + (n-1) 2
49=
49 +1= 2n

n= 25
Hence, 49 is the 25th term of the sequence 1+3+5+7+ …

Step 2: Finding the sum of all positive integers odd integers from 0-50 also
means adding the first 25th odd integers or 1+3+5+7+…49. Thus, we
can now use either of the two formulas.

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Sn = or Sn =
S25 = S25 =
S25 = Sn =
S25 = Sn =
S25 =
Final Answer: The sum of positive odd integers from 0-50 is 625.

Ex. 4: Your school’s Fun Run is fast approaching. In preparation to this, you started your
Jogging Program prior to the event’s schedule by doing a 10-minute jog and each day
increase it by 3 more minutes. What is the total number of minutes you have spent in
your jogging program if on the last day of the program you have jogged 67 minutes?
Given: 10+1 3+ 6+ … + 67 OR a1=10, an=67 d= 3
Asked: total number of minutes for the entire Jogging Program (Sn)
Since any two of the formulas cannot be used instantly because two variables
are unknown (Sn and n), we need to compute first for n which is the last day
or the no. of days spent in the jogging program.

Step 1: number of days spent in jogging (n)

an= a1 + (n-1) d
67= 10 + (n-1) 3
67= 10 + 3n - 3
67- 7 = 3n

n= 20
Hence, he jogged 67 minutes on the 20 th day/last day of the Jogging
Program.

Step 2: total number of minutes for the entire Jogging Program (S n)

Now you can use any of the two formulas to find the sum of the
arithmetic series
Sn = Sn =

S20 = S20 =

S20 = S20 =

S20 = S20 =
S20 = 770 S20 = 770

Final Answer: He jogged for a total of 770 minutes in his jogging program
preparation for the school’s Fun Run.

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Lesson 2: Solving Routine and Non-routine Word Problems involving Geometric

Sequence

Ex. 5: A Galaxy Tab S6 worth 47, 990 depreciates 10% in value every year. Find the value at
the end of 6 years?
Given:
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
47990 43191 38871.9 34984.71 31486.239 ?
a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6
a1 = 47990, r = ,n=6
Asked: Value of Galaxy Tab S6 at the end of 6 years.
Solution:

= 28337.6151
Final Answer: The value of Galaxy Tab S6 at the end of 6 years is 28 338.6151.

Ex. 6: The sum of the first 3 terms of a geometric sequence is and the common ratio is .
Find .
Given: S3= , r= , n=3
Asked: .
Solution: To determine , you need to solve first for .
Using the formula for the sum of geometric sequence, you have the following:

Substitute the given.

Follow GEMDAS rule in solving

Recall how to divide fractions

Simplify the fraction if possible

Multiplication Property of Equality

2 Simplify if possible.
1

Now that you know and r, you have now all the values you need to solve for
any term of the sequence.

Substitute the given.

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Follow GEMDAS rule in solving

1
Simplify the fraction if possible.
25

Final Answer: The .

Let’s Apply

I. Read each statement carefully. Show your solution inside its box.

1. If a nurse has a salary of P18, 000 2. The number of patients infected by

on her first year, and is due to get a COVID-19 doubles each day. If there are
raise of P500 each year, then what will 25 COVID patients currently residing in
her salary be in her eighth year? a barangay, how many people will be
infected by COVID after 7 days?

3. Thalia an eight-month old baby is 4. There is a pile of bricks in the

crawling straight inside the house. The
first 5 minutes, she crawls 39 inches
and the next 10 minutes she crawls 117
inches. How far does Thalia crawls in
20 minutes?
backyard. There are 30 bricks in the 1st
layer, 23 in the second, 16 in the third,
and so on with the last layer having 2
bricks. How many bricks are in the
backyard?

Let’s Analyze

One Step at a Time: Read each problem carefully. Analyze and answer it using the ladder
on the right side to show its step by step process.

1. The second term of an

arithmetic sequence is 28
and the fifth term is - 8.
What is the 10th term?

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2. The third term of a

geometric sequence is 72
and the fifth term is 18.
Find the first term.

Let’s Create

Create a situation where you can use the data below. Make sure that it involved the
application of Arithmetic or Geometric Sequence. Also, provide a solution or key to
correction to the word problem you have created.
1. Creation of a Scenario/ 3pt
n 1 2 3 4 Word Problem
Appropriateness of Kind of 3pt
an 28 34 38 42
Sequence Used
Question Asked 2pt
2.
Complete Solution 2pt
n 1 2 3 4
an 8 -4 2 -1 Accuracy of the Final 3pt
Answer
Total points each proble m 15pts.

Let’s Try (Evaluation)

I. Read and analyze each problem below. Be guided Given and Asked 1pt
by the rubrics to be used in checking your
Complete 3pts
answer. Solution
Final Answer 1pt
1. Alyssa is practicing her typing skills. On her
first day, she can type 160 characters per Total 5pts.
minute. The next day, she can type 170
characters per minute. If she does the same practice and continue to increase her
average rate per day, on what day will she be able to type 210 characters per minute?

2. A gardener plans to level up his vertical garden by arranging his small plants in a
trapezoidal shape. The shorter side of the trapezoid needs to have 8 plants. Each row
must be increased by 2 plants on each end. If there will be a total of 7 rows, how
plants will be placed in all?

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3. A pattern exists in the sum of the interior angles of polygons. The sum of the interior
angles of a triangle is 180º, of a quadrilateral is 360º, and of a pentagon is 540º. What
is the sum of the interior angles of an octagon (8-sided shape)?

4. Lydia De Vega is the track and field representative of the Philippines for the 1993 SEA
Games. She begins training by running 1 mile during the first week, 2 miles during the second
week, and 4 miles on the third week. Assume this pattern continues, how far will she run on
the tenth week?

5. A company offers a job to pay you Php 5 for first day, Php 10 for the second day, Php 20 for
the third day, and so on. What would be your total income after a month (30 days)?