Differentiation II Exam Questions

Created by T.
Madas
DIFFERENTIATION II
EXAM QUESTIONS
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 1 (**)
The curve C has equation
x2
y= , x≠−1
2x +1 2
a) Show clearly that
dy 2 x 2 + 2 x
= .
dx ( 2 x + 1)2
b) Find the coordinates of the stationary points of C .

[the nature of these stationary points need not be determined]
( 0, 0 ) & ( −1, −1)
Question 2 (**)
A curve C has equation
y = x −3 , x > 3.
Find an equation of the normal to C at the point where x = 7
C3A , 4 x + y = 30
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 3 (**)
Differentiate each of the following expressions with respect to x , simplifying the final
answers as far as possible
3
(
a) y = x 2 − 4 )
b) y = x cos 2 x
sin x
c) y =
x
dy 2 dy dy x cos x − sin x
C3A ,
dx
(
= 6 x x2 − 4 ) ,
dx
= cos 2 x − 2 x sin 2 x ,
dx
=
x2
Question 4 (**)
4x − 3 3
f ( x) = , x≠− .
2x + 3 2
Evaluate f ′ ( 3) .
f ′ ( 3) = 2
9
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 5 (**)
x
y = ln x − , x > 0 .
4
Find the exact coordinates of the turning point of C , determining by calculation whether
it is a maximum or minimum.
max ( 4, 2ln 2 − 1)
Question 6 (**)
y = x ln x , x > 0 .
Find the exact coordinates of the turning point of C .
( 1e , − 1e )
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 7 (**)
answers as far as possible.
6
(
a) y = 1 − x 2 )
b) y = x3 sin 3x
5x
c) y = 3
x +2
dy 5 dy (
dy 10 1 − x
3
)
C3F , (
= −12 x 1 − x 2 ) , 2
= 3 x ( sin 3 x + x cos 3 x ) , = 2
dx dx dx
(x3 + 2 )
Question 8 (**+)
A curve has equation
( )
y = x 2 + 3x + 2 cos 2 x .
Determine an equation of the tangent to the curve at the point where the curve crosses
the y axis.
C3L , y = 3 x + 2
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 9 (**+)
y = x e2 x , x ∈ .
Show that an equation of the tangent to C at the point where x = 1 is

2
2 y = e ( 4 x − 1) .
C3N , proof
Question 10 (**+)
y = x2 + 1 , x ∈ .
Show that an equation of the normal to C at the point where x = 1 is given by
y = 2 (2 − x) .
C3C , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 11 (**+)
The point P , where x = 2 , lies on the curve with equation
( )
f ( x ) = ln x 2 + 4 .
Show that an equation of the normal to the curve at P , is given by
y + 2 x = 4 + 3ln 2 .
proof
Question 12 (**+)
x
y= , x > 0 , x ≠ e−1 .
1 + ln x
Show that C has a single stationary point and find its coordinates.
C3J , (1,1)
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 13 (**+)
y = 3 1+ 6x , x ≥ − 1 .
6
Show clearly that
dy 2
= .
dx y 2
proof
Question 14 (**+)
Given that
y = x cos x , x ∈
dy 3π 3π
Show clearly that the value of at x = is .
dx 2 2
proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 15 (***)
d 2
a) Find
dx
(x cot 2 x )
b) Show clearly that
d
( tan x ) = sec2 x
dx
dy
dx
(
= 2 x cot 2 x − xcosec2 2 x )
Question 16 (***)
y = ( x − 1)( x − 2 ) + ln x , x > 0 .
(
a) Show that one of the turning points of C has coordinates 1 , 3 − ln 2 and find
2 4 )
the coordinates of the other.
(
b) Determine the nature of the turning point with coordinates 1 , 3 − ln 2 .
2 4 )
(1,0 ) , (
max 1 , 3 − ln 2
2 4 )
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 17 (***)
The point P , where x = 2 , lies on the curve with equation
3
1
6
(
y = x2 + 5 ) 2
, x∈.
Find an equation of the tangent to the curve at P .
C3H , y = 3x − 3
2
Question 18 (***)
Differentiate each of the following expressions with respect to x , writing the final
answers as simplified fractions.
ln x
a) y = .
1 + ln x
 1 
b) y = ln  2 .
 x +9
dy 1 dy 2x
C3L , = , = −
dx x (1 + ln x )2 dx x2 + 9
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 19 (***)
3
x = ( y + 2) .
dy dx
a) Find in terms of x , by first finding .
dx dy
b) By making y the subject of the equation and differentiating the resulting

equation, verify the result of part (a).
dy 1
= 2
dx 3 x 3
Question 20 (***)
The point P , where x = π , lies on the curve with equation
f ( x ) = e x sin 2 x , 0 ≤ x < 2π .
Show that an equation of the normal to the curve at P , is given by
x + 2 y eπ = π .
C3J , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 21 (***)
− 12 x 2
y = xe , x∈.
dy
a) Find an expression for .
dx
b) Find the exact coordinates of the turning points of C .
dy − 1 x2  1   1 
C3C ,
dx
( )
= 1 − x 2 e 2 , 1,

 ,  −1, −
e 

e
Question 22 (***)
x2 x
f ( x) = 2 − + ln   , x > 0 .
3 4
a) Find an expression for f ′ ( x ) .
b) Find β in exact surd form, such that f ′ ( β ) = 0 .
1 2 1
f ′( x ) = − x, β = 6
x 3 2
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 23 (***)
x
y = ln   , x > 0 .
4
Find an equation of the normal to C at the point where x = 4
C3M , y = 16 − 4 x
Question 24 (***)
x = 2 y +1 , y ≥ − 1 .
2
dy dx
a) Find in terms of x , by first finding .
dx dy
b) By making y the subject of the above equation and differentiating the resulting
dy
C3M , =x
dx
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 25 (***)
Given that
y = cos 4 x
dy π
find the value of at x = .
dx 4
dy
= −1
dx
Question 26 (***)
π
The point P with x = lies on the curve with equation
4
f ( x ) = 3sin 2 x + cos 2 x , 0 ≤ x < 2π .
a) Find the gradient at P .
b) Show that an equation of the tangent to the curve at P , is given by
4x + 2 y = 6 + π .
−2
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 27 (***)
The point A , where x = 1 , lies on the curve with equation
f ( x ) = ( x + 1) ln x , x > 0 .
Find an equation of the normal to the curve at A .
2y + x =1
Question 28 (***)
answers as far as possible
4
a) y = .
( 2 x − 1)2
b) y = x3 e −2 x .
2 x2 + 1
c) y = .
3x 2 + 1
dy 16 dy dy 2x
C3K , =− 3
, = x 2 ( 3 − 2 x ) e −2 x , =− 2
dx ( 2 x − 1) dx dx
( )
3x 2 + 1
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 29 (***)
Given that
3
(
y = 2+e )
3x 2
dy
find the value of at x = 1 ln 2 .
dx 3
dy
C3U , = 18
dx
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 30 (***)
2 x 2 + 3x 6
y= 2
− 2
, x∈, 0 < x < 2.
2x − x − 6 x −x−2
x+3
y= , x∈, 0 < x < 2.
x +1
b) Show further that the equation of the normal to the curve at the point where
x = 1 passes through the origin.
C3E , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 31 (***)
answers where possible.
1
a) y = .
1− 2x
b) y = e3 x ( sin x + cos x ) .
ln x
c) y = .
x2
dy −3 dy dy 1 − 2ln x
C3C , = (1 − 2 x ) 2 , = 2 e3 x ( sin x + 2cos x ) , =
dx dx dx x3
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 32 (***)
y = x e2 x , x ∈ .
Show clearly that
d2y dy
−4 + 4y = 0 .
dx 2 dx
proof
Question 33 (***)
2
2
y = e2 x + , x ≠ 0.
x
Show that an equation of the tangent to the curve at A is given by
y = ( 2e − 8 ) x + 8 .
proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 34 (***)
Given that
y = 2sin x tan x
dy π
find the exact value of at x = .
dx 3
dy
dx =5 3
Question 35 (***)
answers where possible.
a) y = x 2 − 1
b) y = x 4 ln x
ex −1
c) y =
ex +1
dy − 12 dy dy 2e x
C3Q , (
= x x2 − 1 ) , = 4 x3 ln x + x3 , = 2
dx dx dx
( ex +1)
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 36 (***)
f ( x ) = x ln x , x > 0 .
Find an equation of the tangent to the curve at A , giving the answer in the form
y = mx + c , where m and c are exact constants.
y = x (1 + ln 2 ) − 2
Question 37 (***)
x = y 2 ln y , y > 0 .
Show that an equation of the normal to C at the point where y = e is
(
y + 3ex = e 3e2 + 1 . )
C3P , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 38 (***)
Given that
y = ln ( cos x + sec x )
dy π
dx 3
dy 3
= 3
dx 5
Question 39 (***)
x = 4sin y , x > 0 .
dy
a) Find in terms of y .
dx
π
b) Show that an equation of the normal to the curve at the point where y = is
3
3 y + 6 x = π + 12 3 .
dy 1
=
dx 4cos y
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 40 (***)
1
f ( x ) = 5ln x + , x > 0 .
x
a) Solve the equation
f ′( x) = 0 .
b) Hence write down the y coordinate of the turning point of f ( x ) in the form
k − k ln k , where k is an integer.
c) Find f ′′ ( x ) and use it to determine the nature of the turning point of f ( x ) .
2 5
5 x x
()
x = 1 , y = 5 − 5ln 5 f ′′ ( x ) = 3 − 2 , f ′′ 1 = 125 > 0 so minimum
5
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 41 (***)
The curve C with equation y = 4 x + e−2 x has a turning point at A .
a) Find the exact coordinates of A and determine whether it is a local maximum or

a local minimum.
The curve C lies entirely above the x axis.
b) Calculate the exact value of area bounded by the curve C , the x axis and the
lines x = 1 and x = −1 .
( ) (
min − 1 ln 2, 2 − 2ln 2 , area = 1 e2 − e−2
2 2 )
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 42 (***)
The curve C with equation y = e 2 x − 18 x + 11 has a turning point at A .
a) Find the exact coordinates of A and determine whether it is a local maximum or

a local minimum.
The curve C lies entirely above the x axis.
b) Calculate the exact value of area bounded by the curve C , the coordinate axes
and the line x = 1 .
(
min ( ln 3, 20 − 18ln 3 ) , area = 1 e2 + 3
2 )
Question 43 (***)
( )
f ( x ) = x ln 1 + x 2 , x ∈ .
Show that an equation of the tangent to the curve with equation y = f ( x ) , at the point
where x = 1 , is given by
y = x (1 + ln 2 ) − 1 .
C3V , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 44 (***)
The equation of the curve C is given by
y = e 2 x ( cos x + sin x ) .
dy
dx
dy
b) Show further that can be simplified to
dx
dy
= e2 x ( sin x + 3cos x ) .
dx
c) Hence show that the x coordinates of the turning points of C satisfy
tan x = −3
dy
C3R , = 2e 2 x ( cos x + sin x ) + e 2 x ( cos x − sin x )
dx
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 45 (***)
y2 = 2x +1, x ≥ − 1 , y ≥ 0 .
2
dy
a) Use implicit differentiation to find in terms of x .
dx
b) By making x the subject of the equation and differentiating the resulting

dy 1
=
dx 2x + 1
Question 46 (***)
By differentiating both sides of the equation
π
ln ( sin x ) = ln ( sec x ) , 0 ≤ x < ,
2
π
show that the only solution is x = .
4
proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 47 (***)
y = x 2 cos x , x ∈ .
Show that the tangent to the curve at the point where x = π is given by
y + 2π x = π 2 .
proof
Question 48 (***)
Find an equation of the normal to the curve with equation
y = x 1 + 3 x − ln ( 3 x − 2 ) , x ∈ , x > 2 ,
3
at the point on the curve where x = 1 .
y = 4x − 2
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 49 (***+)
A function is defined by
f ( x ) = ex −1 , x ≥ 0 .
a) Find the values of …
i. … f ( ln 5 ) .
ii. … f ′ ( ln 5) .
The inverse function of f ( x ) is g ( x ) .
b) Determine an expression for g ( x ) .
c) State the value of g ′ ( 2 ) .
( )
f ( ln5 ) = 2 , f ′ ( ln5 ) = 5 , g ( x ) = ln x 2 + 1 , g ′ ( 2 ) = 4
4 5
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 50 (***+)
y ( y − 1) = 5 x − 3 .
Find the gradient at each of the points on the curve where x = 3 .
C3E , ± 5
7
Question 51 (***+)
f ( x ) = ( 2 x − 1) e−2 x , x ∈ .
f ′′ ( x ) = 4 ( 2 x − 3) e−2 x .
c) Hence find the exact coordinates of the stationary point of C and determine its
nature.
(
f ′ ( x ) = 4 (1 − x ) e−2 x max 1, e−2 )
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 52 (***+)
y = ( 3 x + 2 ) e−2 x .
Show clearly that …
dy
a) … = − ( 6 x + 1) e −2 x .
dx
d2y dy
b) … 2
+4 + 4y = 0.
dx dx
proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 53 (***+)
y = x2 e x , x ∈ .
a) Find the exact coordinates of the stationary points of C .
d2y
b) By considering the sign of at each of these points determine their nature.
dx 2
 4
C3Q , min ( 0, 0 ) , max  −2, 2 
 e 
Question 54 (***+)
3
y = 12ln x − x 2 , x > 0 .
Determine the range of values of x for which y is decreasing.
x>4
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 55 (***+)
kx 2 − a
y= ,
kx 2 + a
where k and a are non zero constants.
dy
a) Find a simplified expression for in terms of a and k .
dx
b) Hence show that C has a single turning point for all values of a and k , and
state its coordinates.
dy 4akx
C3W , = 2
, ( 0, −1)
dx
(
kx 2 + a )
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 56 (***+)
x 2 − 6 x + 12 11
y= , x∈, x ≠ .
4 x − 11 4
dy
a) Find a simplified expression for .
dx
b) Determine the range of values of x , for which y is decreasing.
dy 4 x 2 − 22 x + 18
C3X , = , 1< x < 9
2 2
dx ( 4 x − 11)
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 57 (***+)
1
y = 4 x 2 ln ( 3 x − 1) , x ∈ , x > .
3
d2y
Show that the value of at the point where x = 1 is
dx 2
15 + 8ln 2 .
proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 58 (***+)
x2
f ( x) = , x∈, x ≠ a ,
( x − a )2
where a is a non zero constant.
Given that f ′ ( 2a ) = −2 , determine the value of a .
MP2-N , a = 2
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 59 (***+)
d  32 2 x  1 1
2x
i. …  x e  = ( 4 x + 3) x 2 e .
dx   2
d  4x +1  6
ii. …  = .
dx  1 − 2 x  (1 − 2 x )2
d
iii. …
dx
( ln ( sec x + tan x ) ) = sec x .
proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 60 (***+)
y = x ln x , x > 1 .
Find an equation of the tangent to the curve at the point where x = e4 giving the answer
in the form ay = bx − e4 , where a and b are integers.
MP2-M , 4 y = 9 x − e 4
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 61 (***+)
y = e 2 x ( 2 x − 1) , x ∈ .
Show clearly that
dy 4 xy
= .
dx 2 x − 1
proof
Question 62 (***+)
f ( x ) = ln ( cosec x − cot x ) , 0 < x < π .
Show clearly that
f ′ ( x ) = cosec x .
proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 63 (***+)
x2 − 4 x + 1
f ( x) = , x ∈ , x ≠ 4 .
x−4
3
Solve the equation f ′ ( x ) = .
4
x = 2, 6
Question 64 (***+)
1
( )
y = ln x 2 − 4 − x 2 , x > 2 .
5
Find the exact coordinates of the turning points of C and determine their nature.
( ) (
max −3,ln 5 − 9 , max 3, ln 5 − 9
5 5 )
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 65 (***+)
x
f ( x) = 2
, x∈.
x +4
b) Determine the range of values of x , for which f ( x ) is decreasing.
4 − x2
C3O , f ′ ( x ) = 2
, x < −2 or x > 2
(x 2
+4 )
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 66 (***+)
A curve C is defined by the function
1 + sin 2 x
f ( x) = , 0 ≤ x < 2π .
4 + cos 2 x
2 + 2sin 2 x + 8cos 2 x
f ′( x) = 2
.
( 4 + cos 2 x )
π
b) Show further that the equation of the tangent to C at the point with x = is
2
given by
2x + 3 y = π +1.
proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 67 (***+)
4x + k k
y= , x≠ ,
4x − k 4
where k is a non zero constant.
dy
a) Find a simplified expression for , in terms k .
dx
The point P lies on C , where x = 3 .
8
b) Given that the gradient at P is − , show that one possible value of k is 48
27
and find the other.
dy 8k
C3F , =− , k =3
dx ( 4 x − k )2
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 68 (***+)
( )
y = e2 x x2 − 4 x − 2 , x ∈ .
dy
dx
(
= 2 e2 x x 2 − 3x − 4 . )
b) Show further that
d2y
dx 2 ( )
= 2e2 x 2 x 2 − 4 x − 11 .
d2y
c) Hence find the exact coordinates of the stationary points of C and use to
dx 2
determine their nature.
( ) (
C3G except (b) , min 4, −2 e8 , max −1,3e−2 )
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 69 (***+)
The curve C has equation given by
x
y= , y > 0.
y 2 + ln y
Show that an equation of the normal to C at the point (1,1) is
4x + y = 5 .
C3B , proof
Question 70 (***+)
1 2 3
f ( x) = x − ln ( x − 1) , x ∈ , x > 1 .
4
Find the range of values of x for which f ( x ) is a decreasing function.
1< x < 3
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 71 (***+)
d  3
2 x ( 2 x + 3)  = 2 x 2 (16 x + 9 )( 2 x + 3) .
5 4
i. …
dx  
d  2 x2 + 1 2x
ii. …  2 =− 2
.
dx  3 x + 1 
(
3x 2 + 1 )
d
iii. … ln ( sec x + tan x )  = sec x .
dx 
proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 72 (***+)
y = e 2 x − 4e x − 16 x .
a) Show that the x coordinates of the stationary points of C satisfy the equation
e2 x − 2 e x − 8 = 0 .
b) Hence determine the exact coordinates of the stationary point of C , giving the
answer in terms of ln 2 .
C3B , ( 2 ln 2, −32 ln 2 )
Question 73 (***+)
Given that
( )
y = x 2 + 8 x e −4 x ,
dy
find the exact value of at x = − 1 .
dx 2
dy
= 22 e2
dx x =− 12
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 74 (***+)
The equation of a curve C is
x
y= , x∈ .
x2 + 9
a) Find the coordinates of the stationary points of C .
d2y
b) Evaluate the exact value of at each of these stationary points.
dx 2
d2y 1
6 ( )(
C3R , 3, 1 , −3, − 1 ,
6 )
dx 2
=∓
54
x =±3
Question 75 (***+)
1x
(
y = x2 − 3 e 2 .)
Show that an equation of the tangent to the curve at A is given by
2 y = ( 9 x − 16 ) e .
proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 76 (***+)
answer as far as possible.
a) y = sec2 x .
6
b) y = x (1 − 2 x ) .
sin x
c) y = .
2 − cos x
dy dy 5 5 dy 2 cos x − 1
= 2sec2 x tan x , = (14 x − 1)( 2 x − 1) = (1 − 14 x )(1 − 2 x ) , =
dx dx dx ( 2 − cos x )2
Question 77 (***+)
Given that
y = 3tan 3 2 x
dy π
find the value of at x = .
dx 6
dy
= 216
dx x=
π
6
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 78 (***+)
The following trigonometric identity is given
sin 3 x ≡ 3sin x − 4sin 3 x .
By differentiating both sides of the above trigonometric identity with respect to x , find
the corresponding identity for cos 3x in terms of cos x .
C3F, add proof for sin 3x , cos 3 x = 4cos3 x − 3cos x
Question 79 (***+)
f ( x ) = 8 x 2 + 8 x + ln x , x > 0 .
2
f ′( x) =
( ax + b )
,
x
where a and b are integers.
b) Hence show that f ( x ) is an increasing function.
a = 4, b = 1
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 80 (***+)
sin x
f ( x) = , 0 ≤ x < 2π .
2 − cos x
a) Find a simplified expression for f ′ ( x ) .
b) Hence find the minimum and maximum value of f ( x ) .
2 cos x − 1
f ( x) = , − 3 ≤ f ( x) ≤ 3
2 3 3
( 2 − cos x )
Question 81 (***+)
f ( x ) = x2 2 x + 1 , x ≥ − 1 .
2
Show clearly that
x (5x + 2)
f ′( x) = .
2x +1
proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 82 (***+)
x + 13
y= , x ≠ −3, 2 .
( x − 2 )( x + 3)
The point A lies on C and has x = −1 .
dy
a) Find the value of at A .
dx
b) Find an equation of the tangent to C at A , giving the final answer in the form
ax + by + c = 0 , where a , b and c are integers.
1 , x − 6 y − 11 = 0
6
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 83 (***+)
y = e − x sin ( 3x ) , x ∈ .
Find the exact value of each of the constants R and α so that
dy
dx
= R e− x cos ( )
3x + α ,
π
where R > 0 and 0 < α < .
2
π
C3H , R = 2 , α =
6
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 84 (***+)
2 ( )
y = 1 ln x , x > 0 .
3
dy
a) Find an expression for in terms of x .
dx
b) By making x the subject of the equation and differentiating the resulting

dx
equation, find .
dy
c) Use the results of parts (a) and (b), to deduce that
dy dx
× = 1.
dx dy
dy 1 dx
C3O , = , = 6e2 y = 2 x
dx 2 x dy
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 85 (***+)
1x
y = e 2 − x2 , x ∈ .
The curve has a single stationary point at x = x0 , such that n < x0 < n + 1 , n ∈ .
Determine the value of n .
n=5
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 86 (***+)
y = ( x + a ) sin x ,
dy
dx
d2y
b) Show that + y is independent of a .
dx 2
dy d2y
= ( a + x ) cos x + sin x , + y = 2cos x
dx dx 2
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 87 (***+)
( x + 3)( x − 1) − 3ln
y= ( x + 2) , x > −2 .
x+2
dy ax 2 + bx + c
= ,
dx ( x + 2 )2
where a , b and c are constants to be found.
b) Deduce that the graph of C is increasing for all allowable values of x .
a =1 , b =1 , c =1
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 88 (***+)
y = 1 x2 − e4 x .
2
Show clearly that C has a point of inflection, determining its exact coordinates.
 − ln 2, 1 ( ln 2 ) 2 − 1 
 2 16 
Question 89 (***+)
x +1
y= , x ≠ 2, x ≠ 1 .
( x − 2 )( 2 x − 1) 2
dy
Find the value of at x = 1 .
dx
dy
=1
dx x =1
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 90 (***+)
1
y = e2 x + 3 , x ∈ .
4
The point P lies on C where x = ln 2 .
a) Show that the equation of the tangent to the curve at the point P is
2 x − y + 4 = ln 4 .
This tangent meets the x axis at the point A , and the normal to the curve at the point P
meets the x axis at the point B .
b) Show that the area of the triangle APB is 20 square units.
proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 91 (***+)
P
f ( x)
O π x
The figure above shows the graph of the curve with equation
sin x
f ( x) = , 0≤ x ≤π .
2 − cos x
The curve has a stationary point at P .
Determine the exact coordinates of P .
(
C3C , P 1 π , 1 3
3 3 )
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 92 (***+)
y = e− x
y = e− x sin x
x
O
The figure above shows the graph of
y = e− x and y = e − x sin x , 0 ≤ x ≤ π .
The curve with equation y = e − x sin x has a local maximum at the point where x = x1 .
The curves touch each other at the point where x = x2 .
Show clearly that
π
x2 − x1 = .
4
C3Y , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 93 (***+)
y
A
12
y = ex sin 6 x
x
O
12 π
y = ex sin 6 x , 0 ≤ x ≤ .
3
The curve has a local maximum at the point A .
Find, in terms of π , the x coordinate of A .
π
C3K ,
9
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 94 (***+)
6 x − 13
f ( x) = , x ∈ , x ≠ −2,3 .
( x + 2 )( x − 3)
A B
f ( x) = + ,
( x + 2 ) ( x − 3)
where A and B are integers.
b) Hence show further that f ( x ) is a decreasing function.
A = 5, B = 1
Question 95 (***+)
3
(
x = ln y 2 + 9 ) 2
.
Show clearly that
dy y 3
= + .
dx 3 y
C3Z , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 96 (****)
y = 12 x 2 − 2 x + sin 2 2 x .
Show clearly that C has no points of inflection.
proof
Question 97 (****)
y = ax , a > 0 , a ≠ 1.
dy
= a x ln a .
dx
2 x
y = ( ln x ) − 12 ( 0.5 ) , x > 0 .
b) Show that at the point of the curve where x = 2 , the gradient is 4ln 2 .
proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 98 (****)
2 x 2 − 1 − 2ln x x
y= , x >0.
x
The curve has a point of inflection at P .
Show that the straight line with equation y = x is a tangent to C at P .
SYN-D , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 99 (****)
x−2
y= , x ≠ −1 , x ≠ 1 .
( x + 1)( 2 x − 1) 2
d2y
Find the value of at x = 1 .
dx 2
d2y 31
2
=−
dx 4
x =1
Question 100 (****)

y = e −2 x x , x ≥ 0 .
Determine the exact coordinates of the stationary point of C .
( 14 , 21e )
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 101 (****)

1
x = y 1− 4 y , y ≤ .
4
dy 1− 4 y
= .
dx 1 − 6 y
b) Show further that an equation of the tangent to C at the point where y = −2 is
3 x − 13 y − 8 = 0 .
proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 102 (****)

Differentiate each the following expressions with respect to x , simplifying the final
(Fractional answers must not involve double fractions)
a) y = sin 3 2 x .
b) y = x tan 4 x .
 x +1
c) y = ln  .
 x 
dy dy dy 1
= 6sin 2 2 x cos 2 x , = tan 4 x + 4 x sec2 4 x , =− 2
dx dx dx x +x
Question 103 (****)
ln 2
f ( x ) = e−2 x + , x ∈ , x > ln 4 .
x
a) Show that f ( x ) in a decreasing function.
b) Hence find the range of f ( x ) .
C3U , f ( x ) ∈ , f ( x ) < 9
16
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 104 (****)

Given that
y = 5 − 2e ( )
−2 x −1
show clearly that
dy
= 2 (5 − y ) .
dx
proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 105 (****)
f ( x ) = x 9 − 4 x2 , 0 ≤ x ≤ 3 .
2
9 − 8x2
f ′( x) = .
2
9 − 4x
c) Hence calculate that the exact coordinates of the stationary point of C .
1 − 12
(
f ′ ( x ) = 9 − 4 x2 ) 2
(
− 4 x2 9 − 4 x2 ) , ( 342 , 94 )
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 106 (****)

Differentiate each of the following expressions with respect to x , simplifying the
(
a) y = e −4 x x 2 + 1 . )
2
b) y = 1 + 2 e2 x .
4 x2 + 3x
c) y = .
x2 − 7 x
2
dy dy 4 x e2 x dy 31
dx
( )
= −2e −4 x 2 x 2 − x + 2 ,
dx
=
2
,
dx
=−
( x − 7 )2
1 + 2e2 x
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 107 (****)

y = e −2 x + ax e −2 x ,
d2y 2 −1
Show that the value of at the stationary point of the curve is −2a e a .
dx 2
SYN-E , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 108 (****)

x
y= , x≥2.
x−2
a) Show clearly that …
dy x−4
i. … = .
dx 2 ( x − 2 ) 32
d2y 8− x
ii. … 2
= 5 .
dx 4 ( x − 2) 2
b) Hence find the exact coordinates of the stationary point of C , and determine its
nature.
(
min at 4, 2 2 )
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 109 (****)

2ln x − 1
y= , x >0.
2ln x + 1
dy 4
= .
dx x ( 2ln x + 1) 2
b) Show that the equation of the normal at the point where the curve crosses the x
axis is given by
y + x e = e.
proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 110 (****)
2x
f ( x) = , x <1 .
1− x
2− x
f ′( x) = 3 .
(1 − x ) 2
c) Hence calculate that the exact value of f ′ 1 .

2 ( )
1 − 12
2 (1 − x ) 2 + x (1 − x )
f ′( x ) =
1− x
( )
, f′ 1 =3 2
2
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 111 (****)

( )
y = x − 2ln x 2 + 4 , x ∈ .
d2y
=
(
4 x2 − 4 ).
2 2
dx
(x 2
+4 )
The curve has a single stationary point.
b) Find its exact coordinates and determine its nature.
SYN-F , point of inflection at ( 2, 2 − 6 ln 2 )
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 112 (****)
π
y = x − sin x , 0 < x < .
2
1 d2y 17
Show clearly that when sin x = , the value of 2
is .
4 dx 8
proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 113 (****)
f ( x ) = e3 x − 4 e−3 x , x ∈ .
a) Show that the inequalities
f ( x ) > 0 and f ′′ ( x ) > 0
have the same solution interval.
b) Determine, in exact form, the common solution interval.
SYN-R , x > 1 ln 2
3
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 114 (****)

The equation of the curve C is
2
y = ( x + 2 ) e1− x , x ∈ .
dy
i. … = − x ( x + 2 ) e1− x .
dx
d2y
ii. …
dx 2 ( )
= x 2 − 2 e1− x .
b) Find an equation of the normal to C at the point (1,9 ) .
The curve has two stationary points at P and Q .
c) Find the exact coordinates of P and Q , further determining the nature of these
stationary points.
x − 3 y + 26 = 0 , max at ( 0, 4e ) , min at ( −2,0 )
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 115 (****)

The equation of the curve C is given by
y = x x 3 + 1 , x ≥ −1 .
dy
dx
dy
b) Show further that can be simplified to
dx
dy 5 x3 + 2
= .
dx 2 x3 + 1
c) Hence show that an equation of the normal to C at the point where x = 1 is
7 y + 2x 2 = 9 2 .
1 − 12
dy
dx
( )
= x3 + 1 2
( )
+ 3 x3 x 3 + 1
2
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 116 (****)

It is given that
d
( sec x ) = sec x tan x .
dx
1
a) Prove the validity of the above result by writing sec x as .
cos x
π π
y = e3 x sec 2 x , − <x< .
4 4
b) Find an equation of the tangent to C at the point where C crosses the y axis.
The curve has a single stationary point at P .
c) Find the x coordinate of P , correct to 3 significant figures.
y = 3 x + 1 , x ≈ −0.491
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 117 (****)
y
M
A
y = 2 x − x ln x
B
B
x
O
The diagram above shows the graph of a curve C with equation
y = 2 x − x ln x , x > 0 .
The curve has a maximum at M .
a) Find the exact coordinates of M .
The point A lies on C where x = 1 .
The curve crosses the x axis at the point B .
b) Determine the coordinates of A and the exact coordinates B .
c) Show that the tangents to the curve at A and B are perpendicular to each other.
d) Show that these tangents intersect at the point Q 

e 2 − 1 e2 + 1 
2 
, .
 2
(
M ( e,e ) , A (1, 2 ) , B e2 ,0 )
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 118 (****)
a) By differentiating y = e x ln 2 , find the derivative of y = 2 x .
2
b) Hence find the exact value of the gradient on the curve with equation y = 2 x at
the point where x = 2 .
d x
dx
( )
2 = 2 x ln 2 , 64ln2
Question 119 (****)
( )
y = arctan 1 x , x ∈ .
2
2( )
By writing y = arctan 1 x as x = f ( y ) , show that
dy 2
= 2 .
dx x + 4
MP2-F , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 120 (****)

Prove that …
d 4 2 x3 ( 9 x − 2 )
i. …
dx
(x 4x −1 = ) 4x −1
.
d  3x 2 + 6 x − 5  16
ii. …   = .
dx  ( x + 1)2  ( x + 1)3
 
proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 121 (****)

f ( x ) = e2 x sin 2 x , 0 ≤ x ≤ π .
f ′′ ( x ) = 8e 2 x cos 2 x .
c) Hence find the exact coordinates of the stationary points of C and determine
their nature.
 3π   7π 
f ′ ( x ) = 2e2 x ( sin 2 x + cos 2 x ) , max  3 π , 2 e 4  , min  7 π , − 2 e 4 
8 2  8 2 
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 122 (****)

1
y = x 1 − 2x , x ≤ .
2
dy 1 − 3 x
= .
dx 1− 2x
d2y 3x − 2
2
= 3 .
dx (1 − 2 x ) 2
c) Hence find the exact coordinates of the stationary point of C , and determine its
nature.
(
max at 1 , 1 3
3 9 )
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 123 (****)

y = x ln x , x∈ , x>0.
Find the exact coordinates of the two points on the curve which have gradient 3 .
2
MP2-U , ( e,e ) ,  e 4 , 1 e 4 
1 1
 2 
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 124 (****)

ln y
y= , y > 0.
x− y
Show that the equation of the tangent to C at the point where y = e can be written as
e( x − y) = 1 .
MP2-O , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 125 (****)

At the point P , which lies on the curve with equation
y3 − y 2 = e x ,
the gradient is 6 .
5
Determine the possible coordinates of P .
SYN-C , P ( ln 48, 4 )
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 126 (****)

y = e 2 x ( 2cos3x − sin 3x ) .
Show that
d2y dy
2
−4 + 13 y = 0 .
dx dx
C3Z , proof
Question 127 (****)

Find, in exact form where appropriate, the solutions of the equation
d  4 
  = 1.
dx  3 − e x 
x = 0, x = ln 9
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 128 (****)

The point P ( ln 2,5b − 3a ) lies on the curve with equation
y = a + b ex ,
where a and b are non zero constants.
The gradient at P is 8 .
a) Find the value of a and the value of b .
b) Find the exact coordinates of the point where the normal to the curve at P
crosses the x axis.
a = 3, b = 4 , ( 88 + ln 2, 0 )
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 129 (****)
7x + 2
y= , x ≠ ±2 , x ≠ − 1 .
( x − 2 )( x + 2 )( 2 x + 1) 2
dy
Find the exact value of at x = −1 .
dx
dy 1
SYN-J , =
dx x =−1 9
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 130 (****)

1
 1− x 2
y =  ( 2 x + 1) , −1 < x ≤ 1 .
 1+ x 
By taking logarithms on both sides of this equation, or otherwise, show that at the point
on C where x = 1 , the gradient is − 2 3 .
2 9
C3V , proof
Question 131 (****)

y = arcsin ( 2 x − 1) , 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 .
Find the coordinates of the point on C , whose gradient is 2 .
( 12 , 0)
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 132 (****)

x = y 9 − 4 y2 , y ≤ 3 .
2
dy 9 − 4 y2
= .
dx 9 − 8 y2
b) Find the exact coordinates of the two points on C , with infinite gradient.
C3W , ( 94 , 43 2 ) , ( − 94 , − 43 2 )
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 133 (****)

Given that
y = 3cos ( ln x ) + 2sin ( ln x ) , x > 0 ,
show clearly that
d2y dy
x2 +x = Ay ,
dx 2 dx
stating the value of the constant A .
SYN-I , A = −1
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 134 (****)

x
y= , x∈, x > 0 .
1 + 2ln x
The curve has a single turning point at P .
a) Show that the coordinates of P are ( )

e, 1 e .
2
d2y
b) Evaluate the exact value of at P and hence determine its nature.
dx 2
d2y 1
C3Z , 2
= > 0, so minimum
dx 2 e
Question 135 (****)

Show that if x = sec 2 y , then
dy 1
=± .
dx 2x x2 − 1
proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 136 (****)

A curve has equation given by
y = x x + 1 , x ≥ −1 .
dy 1 −1
= ( 3 x + 2 )( x + 1) 2 .
dx 2
The function f is defined as
f ( x ) = x x + 1sin 2 x , x ≥ 1 .
π  π
f ′   = −π +1 .
2 2
C3X , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 137 (****)

2
y= .
2 − sin x
Show clearly that
dy 1 2
= y cos x .
dx 2
SYN-H , proof
Question 138 (****)

Given that
 2x +1 
y = ln  
 2x −1 
dy 1
dx 4
dy 16
=
dx 3
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 139 (****)

The function f is defined by
f ( x) =
( )
x3 + 1 2
, x ∈ , x > −1 .
3
( x − 3)
2 2
Show clearly that f ′ ( 2 ) = −16 .
proof
Question 140 (****)
y = ln ( sec x + tan x ) − sin x .
Show clearly that
dy
= sin x tan x .
dx
proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 141 (****)

It is given that
d
( tan 2 x ) = 2sec2 2 x .
dx
a) Prove the validity of the above result by considering the derivatives of sin 2x
and cos 2x .
y = 6 x tan 2 x , x ∈ .
b) Show that the tangent to the curve at the point where x = 1 π meets the y axis at
8
(
the point with coordinates 0, − 3 π .
8
2
)
C3Y , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 142 (****)
12 3
y = x− 2
+ , x ∈ , x ≠ −3 , x ≠ 1 .
x + 2x − 3 x −1
x 2 + 3x + 3
y= .
x+3
b) Solve the equation
dy
= −2 .
dx
x = −2, x = 4
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 143 (****)

4 ( )
y = 1 e 2 x −3 − 4ln 1 x , x > 0 .
2
The tangent to the curve, at the point where x = 2 , crosses the coordinate axes at the
points A and B .
Show that the area of the triangle OAB , where O is the origin, is given by
(16 − 3e )2 .
16 ( 4 − e )
SYN-C , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 144 (****)

Show clearly that
d  −3 x 3
 −3 x 1
 2e ( 2 x + 1) 2  = −12 x e ( 2 x + 1) 2 .
dx  
proof
Question 145 (****)

Differentiate each of the following expressions with respect to x .
3
a) y = ( 2 x + ln x ) .
x2
b) y = .
3x − 1
c) y = sin 4 3 x .
dy 2 1  dy 3x 2 − 2 x dy
MP2-E , = 3 ( 2 x + ln x )  2 +  , = 2
, = 12sin 3 3 x cos3 x
dx  x  dx ( 3x − 1) dx
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 146 (****)

The functions f and g are defined by
f ( x ) = 3ln 2 x, x ∈ , x > 0
g ( x ) = 2 x 2 + 1, x ∈ .
Show that the value of the gradient on the curve y = gf ( x ) at the point where x = e is
36
(1 + ln 2 ) .
e
SYNB , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 147 (****)

1
The graph of the curve with equation y = e x is shown below.
2
y
y = 12 e x
A R
x
O
The points A and B lie on the curve, where x = 0 and x = ln 4 , respectively.
a) Show that the equation of the tangent to the curve at the point A is
2 y − x −1 = 0 .
This tangent meets the normal to the curve at the point B at the point P .
b) Show that the coordinates of P are given by
3 5 
 + ln 2, + ln 2  .
2 4 
[continues overleaf]
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
[continued from overleaf]
The region R bounded by the curve, the normal to the curve at B and coordinate axes is
shown shaded in the diagram above.
11
c) Show that the area of R is square units.
2
proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 148 (****)
y = 20 + 480e− 0.1x , x ∈ .
Show clearly that
dy 1
= − ( y − 20 ) .
dx 10
proof
Question 149 (****)

y = 10e − kx , x ∈
where k = 1 ln 2 .
5
Find the value of x that satisfies the equation
dy  2
= ln   .
dx  2 
C3I , x = 10
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 150 (****)

1
y = e2 x − 4 x + 1 , x ∈ .
2
The point P lies on C where x = ln 4 .
a) Show that the equation of the tangent to the curve at the point P is
y = 12 x + 9 − 32ln 2 .
The point Q lies on C where x = ln 2 .
The normal to the curve at the point Q meets the tangent to the curve at the point P , at
the point R .
b) Show that the coordinates of R are
( ln 2,9 − 20 ln 2 ) .
proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 151 (****)

2
y = ( x + 1) e 2 x , x ∈ .
a) Show that
dy
i. = 2 ( x + 1)( x + 2 ) e2 x .
dx
d2y
ii.
dx 2 ( )
= 2 2 x 2 + 8 x + 7 e2 x .
b) Hence, or otherwise, find the exact coordinates of the stationary points of C and
determine their nature.
(
MP2-G , min ( −1,0 ) , max −2,e −4 )
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 152 (****)

A curve C is defined by the equation
x = sec ( 2y ) , 0 ≤ y < π .
dy 2
= .
dx x x 2 − 1
dy
b) Hence find the exact coordinates of the point of C , where = 2.
dx
 π
C3I ,  2, 
 2
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 153 (****)
1
f ( x ) = − x + sin x cos x , 0 ≤ x < 2π .
2
Use differentiation to find the range of values of x for which f ( x ) is increasing.
π 5π 7π 11π
0≤ x< ∪ <x< ∪ < x < 2π
6 6 6 6
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 154 (****)

1 1 π π
y = arcsin 2 x , − ≤ x ≤ , − ≤ y ≤ .
2 2 2 2
dx
a) By finding and using an appropriate trigonometric identity show that
dy
dy 2
= .
dx 1 − 4 x2
b) Show further that …
d2y Ax
i. … 2
= 3 ,
dx
(1 − 4 x )2 2
d3y Bx 2 + C
ii. … = 5 ,
dx3
(1 − 4 x )
2 2
where A , B and C are constants to be found.
SYN-B , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 155 (****)

Show, with detailed workings, that
d
a) ( cos 2 x tan 2 x ) = 2cos 2 x .
dx
d  x2  2x
b)  =− .
dx  ( 3 x − 1) 
2
( 3 x − 1) 3
 
MP2-H , proof
Question 156 (****)

y = 2 + 2e−2 x − e −3 x , x ∈ .
Find the exact coordinates of the stationary point of C and determine its nature.
( () )
max ln 3 , 86
4 27
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 157 (****)
3x 2 − 10 x + 2
y= , x∈, x > 2 .
(1 − 2 x )( x − 2 )2
dy
Find the exact value of at x = 3 .
dx
dy 52
SYN-Q , =−
dx x =3 25
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 158 (****)

x2
y= , x∈, x > 0 .
ln x
Find, in exact form, the equation of the tangent to C at the point where x = e .
MP2-I , y = 2e
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 159 (****)

The function f is given by
( )
f ( x ) ≡ emx x 2 + x , x ∈ ,
where m is a non zero constant.
Show that f has two stationary points, for all non zero values of m .
MP2-J , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 160 (****)
y = cot x , 0 < x < π2 .
Show, with detailed workings, that
dy
a) = − cosec2 x .
dx
d2y
b)
dx 2 (
= 2 y y2 +1 .)
MP2-C , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 161 (****)

π
x = sec 2 y + tan y , 0 ≤ y < .
2
a) Show that
dy cos 2 y
= .
dx 2 tan y + 1
π
b) Hence show that the equation of the normal to C at the point where y = is
4
4 y + 24 x = π + 72 .
MP2-D , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 162 (****)
1 1 π π
y = arcsin x , − ≤ x ≤ , − ≤ y ≤ .
2 2 2 2
dx
a) By finding and using an appropriate trigonometric identity show that
dy
dy 1
= .
dx 1− x 2
1 1 π π
y = x arcsin 2 x , − ≤ x ≤ , − ≤ y ≤ .
2 2 2 2
dy
b) Find the exact value of at the point on C where x = 1 .
dx 4
(
MP2-B , 1 π + 2 3
6 )
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 163 (****)
y = 2 x arcsin 2 x + 1 − 4 x 2 , − 1 ≤ x ≤ 1 .
2 2
Show clearly that
2
d3y  dy   d2y 
 y − x  = x  2  .
dx3  dx   dx 
MP2-K , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 164 (****+)

y = x ln x , x > 0 .
The equation of the tangent to C at the point where x = a is
4 y = bx − a ,
where a and b are non zero constants.
Determine the exact value of a .
SYN-A , a = e 4
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
y = arccos x , −1 ≤ x ≤ 1 , 0 ≤ y ≤ π .
a) Prove that
dy 1
=− .
dx 1 − x2
y = arccos 4 x , − 1 ≤ x ≤ 1 .
4 4
1
b) Show that an equation of the tangent to C where x = , is given by
8
3 y + 8 3x = π + 3 .
proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
1 + 6sin 2 x
f ( x) ≡ , tan x ≠ −1 .
(1 + tan x )2
π 
By using logarithmic differentiation, or otherwise, determine the value of f ′   .
4
π  5
SYN-V , f ′   = −
4 8
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
y
x = ( y + 2 ) ln ( 3 y + 4 )
O P
x
x = ( y + 2 ) ln ( 3 y + 4 ) .
The curve meets the coordinate axes at the point P and at the point Q .
Determine the gradient, in exact from where appropriate, at P and at Q .
dy 2 dy 1
MP2-L , = , =
dx P 3 + 4ln 2 dx Q 3
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

It is given that
d 1
( arctan x ) = .
dx 1 + x2
If tan 3 y = 3tan x show that
dy 1
= .
dx 1 + 8sin 2 x
MP2-P , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

y = 4 e− x − 2e −2 x − e−3 x , x ∈ .
dy
i. …
dx
(
= − eα x 4e 2 x − 4e x − 3 , )
d2y
ii. …
dx 2 (
= eα x 4e2 x − 8e x − 9 ,)
where α is a constant to be found.
b) Hence find the exact coordinates of the stationary point of C and determine its
nature.
( () )
max ln 3 , 40
2 27
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

x
y= , x∈ .
x2 + 1
a) Show that there is no point on C where the gradient is −1 .
12
b) Find the coordinates of the points on C where the gradient is .
25
C3N , ( 12 , 52 ) , ( − 12 , − 52 )
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
2
y = ( x + 2 ) e1− x , x ∈
Show clearly that
d2y dy
( x + 2 )2 2
+ x ( x + 2) + 2y = 0 .
dx dx
SYN-W , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

y = 4 e 2 − x − e 4 −2 x , x ∈ .
Use differentiation to find the exact coordinates of the stationary point of the curve, and
further determine its nature.
C3X , max ( 2 − ln 2, 4 )

The point P lies on the curve with equation
y = x ln x , x > 1 .
Determine the two possible sets of coordinates of P given further that the gradient of
the curve at P is 3 .
2
SYN-K , P  e 4 , 1 e 4  ∪ P ( e, e )
1 1
 2 
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
f ( x)
x
O
The figure above shows part of the graph of the curve with equation
cos x
f ( x) = , x∈.
3 − sin x
Use differentiation to show that
− 1 2 ≤ f ( x) ≤ 1 2 .
4 4
MP2-A , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

ex
y= , 0< x<π .
sin x
dy
= y (1 − cot x ) .
dx
d2y dy
2
= (1 − cot x ) + y cosec2 x .
dx dx
c) Use the above results to find the exact coordinates of the turning point of C , and
determine its nature.
 π 
MP2-Q , min at  π , 2 e 4 
4 
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

− 12 x
y=e , x∈.
The normal to the curve at the point P where x = p passes through the origin.
Show that x = p is a solution of the equation
2x ex −1 = 0 .
SYN-Y , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
y
f ( x ) = enx + k e− nx
x
O
f ( x ) = enx + k e − nx , x ∈ , k > 1 , n > 0 .
Find the range of f ( x ) in exact form.
MP2-R , f ( x ) ≥ 2 k
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

  π   π
y = ln  tan  x +   , where tan  x +  > 0 .
  4   4
Show that
dy
= 2sec 2 x .
dx
MP2-V , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
π
4
y = 1 arcsec x
2
x
O 1
y = 1 arcsec x , x ≥ 1 , 0 ≤ y < 1 π ,
2 4
where arcsec ( u ) is the inverse function of sec ( u ) .
dy 1
a) … = .
dx 4 x x − 1
d2y 2 − 3x
b) … = 3 .
dx 2 8x 2
( x − 1) 2
SP-D , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
a) Differentiate the following expressions with respect to x , fully simplifying the

answers.
i. y = ( 4 x − 1) e− x .
ii. y = 4sin 3 2 x .
b) Prove that
d  x −1  1
  = .
dx  x + 1  2 x
dy dy
= e− x ( 5 − 4 x ) , = 24sin 2 2 x cos 2 x
dx dx
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

y = e 2 x − 2 x , e2 x > 2 x .
The tangent to the curve at the point P where x = p passes through the origin.
a) Show that x = p is a solution of the equation
(1 − x ) e 2 x = x .
b) Show that the equation (1 − x ) e 2 x = x has root between 0.8 and 1 .
The iterative formula
xn+1 = 1 − xn e −2 xn
with x0 = 0.8 is used to find this root.
c) Find, to 3 decimal places, the value of x1 , x2 , x3 and x4 .
d) Hence show that the value of p is 0.8439 , correct to 4 decimal places.
C3G , x1 = 0.838, x2 = 0.843, x3 = 0.844, x4 = 0.844
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

y = 2 4 x − 32 × 4 x , x ≥ 0 .
a) Show that C has a turning point at ( 2, −256 ) .
b) Without further differentiation explain why this turning point must be a

minimum.
SYN-X , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

y = 4 × 8 x +1 − 2 x +1 .
Show that an equation of the tangent to the curve, at the point where C crosses the x
axis is given by
y = ( x + 2 ) ln 2 .
MP2-W , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
y = arccos x , −1 ≤ x ≤ 1 , 0 ≤ y ≤ π .
a) By writing y = arccos x as x = cos y , show that
dy 1
=− .
dx 1− x 2
( )
y = arccos x − 1 ln 1 − x 2 , x > 0 .
2
b) Show that the y coordinate of the stationary point of C is
1
(π + ln 4 ) .
4
FP2-O , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
y = ln (1 + sin x ) , sin x ≠ −1 .
d2y
Show clearly that = f ( y ) , where f ( y ) is a function to be found.
dx 2
MP2-X , y = − e− y
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

y = x− x , x ∈ , x > 0 .
Show that y is a solution of the equation
2
d2y dy  y2
y 2 =  − .
dx  dx  x
MP2-Y , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
A
B f ( x ) = x − ln x
x
O
The figure above shows that the graph of
f ( x ) = x − ln x , x ∈ , x > 0 .
The curve has a turning point at A .
a) Find the coordinates of A .
The point B lies on the curve where x = e .
b) Show that the equation of the tangent to the curve at B is given by
e2 y + 2 x = 3e .
SYN-Z , A (1,1)
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

Show, with a detailed method, that
d   1  1
ln   = .
dx   x 2 + 1 − x   x2 + 1
MP2-Z , proof

y = x− x , x ∈ , x > 0 .
 1 2
Show that the coordinates of turning point of C are  2 ,e e  .
e 
proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

1
y = xx , x∈, x > 0 .
dy 1 −2
a) … = x x (1 − ln x ) .
dx
b) … the coordinates of turning point of C are  e, e e  .

1
 
proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

x
y = ( cosec x ) , x ∈ , x > 0 .
a) Show that
dy x
= ln ( cosec x ) − x cot x  ( cosec x ) .
dx
π
b) Find the equation of the tangent to C at the point where x = .
2
y =1
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
y = arctan x , x ∈ .
a) By writing the above equation in the from x = g ( y ) , show that
d 1
( arctan x ) = .
dx 1 + x2
f ( x ) = arctan x , x ∈ , x ≥ 0 .
1 −3 −2
f ′′ ( x ) = − x 2 ( 3x + 1)( x + 1) .
4
FP2-M , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

f ( x ) = x x e −2 x , x ∈ , x > 0 .
f ( x)
f ′′ ( x ) = f ′ ( x )( ln x − 1) + .
x
c) Show that the value of f ′′ ( x ) at the turning point of the function is
1
e+1 .
e
f ′ ( x ) = x x e −2 x ( ln x − 1)
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

Given that
y=
( x − 1)4 ( x − 2 )2 , x ∈ , x ≠ −1 ,
( x + 1)3
dy
find the value of at x = 3 .
dx
dy 13
SP-G , =
dx x =3 16
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
y = xx , x > 0 .
a) Show by using logarithms that
dy
= (1 + ln x ) x x .
dx
x
x
y =  , x>0.
e
1 ln 2
b) Show that at the point on C where x = , the gradient is − .
2 2e
proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
2
  2 
 
( )
y = 2 e 2 x + 3ln  x + e x + 1   .

dy
Show that the value of at x = 0 is 23 (1 + 6ln 2 )
dx
SP-S , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

9 yx 2 − 6 x ( y + 1) + y + 1 = 0 , x ∈ , x ≠ 1 .
3
Find, in exact form where appropriate, the three solutions of the equation
d2y
2 = 6x +1 ,
dx 2
d2y
where represents the second derivative of the above equation.
dx 2
1 1
SP-F , x = − ,(
6 3
1± 6 )
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

6− 2
The point P , with x coordinate , lies on the curve with equation
4
 π π
x = sin  2 y +  , 0 ≤ y ≤ .
 4 2
2− 6
Show that the value of the gradient at P is .
2
proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

A curve C1 has equation
y = ln x + ln x , x > 1 .
a) Differentiate y with respect to x , simplifying the answer as far as possible.
A different curve C2 has equation
1 −1 1 1
y = ( 2 x + 1) 2 (1 − 4 x ) 2
, − ≤x< .
2 4
b) Show that C2 has no turning points.
A third curve C3 has equation
2x −1 1
y= , x≥− .
2x +1 2
c) Show that
d  2x −1  2x + 3
  = 3 .
dx  2 x + 1  ( 2 x + 1) 2
dy 1 1
SYN-L , = +
dx 2 x 2 x ln x
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

Show clearly that
d  x +1  1
  = − .
dx  x − 1  ( )
x − 1 x 2
− 1
proof

Solve the equation
d
dx
( )
1 − cos 2 x = 1 , 0 ≤ x < 2π .
π 5π
x= ,
4 4
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

Given that
5600
P= ,
7 + 25e−0.25t
show by a detailed method that
dP P ( 800 − P )
= ,
dt k
where k is an integer to be found.
SP-S , k = 3200
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
x
1
f ( x) =   , x∈, x > 0 .
 x
Determine in exact simplified form the coordinates of the stationary point of f ( x ) ,

fully justifying its nature.
 1 2
SP-M , local maximum at  2 ,e e 
e 
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
y = 3 tan 3 2 x , x ∈ , x ≠ 1 nπ .
4
dy
Determine, by showing detailed workings, the value of , at x = arctan 1 .
dx 2
dy 800
SYN-N , =
dx x =arctan 12 9
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
1 + cos x
y= , 0 ≤ x < 2π , x ≠ 3 π .
1 + sin x 2
Determine, with full justification, the coordinates of the minimum point of y .
SYN-O , (π ,0 )
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
x = ln ( sec3 y ) , 0 < y < 1 π .

6
dy
Determine, with full justification, an expression for , in terms of x .
dx
dy 1
SYN-E , =
dx 3 e2 x − 1
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

x e3 x
y= , x∈, x ≠ k ,
2x + k
where k is a non zero constant.
It is given that C has a single turning point at P .
Find the exact coordinates of P .
(
SP-M , P − 2 , − 1 e −2
3 2 )
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

2x
23e , x ∈ .
dy
Express in terms of y .
dx
dy
MP2-U , = 2 y ln y
dx
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

A quartic curve C has equation
3
y = x ( x − 2) , x ∈ .
Show that there is only one point on C where the gradient is 10 .
SYN-G , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

The point P lies on the curve with equation
xy = e x , xy > 0 .
The tangent to the curve at P passes through the origin O .
Determine the coordinates of P .
(
SYN-T , P 2, 1 e2
2 )
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

y = − log 2 ( 2 − x ) ln 2  , x ∈ , x < 2 .
dy
Determine a simplified expression for in terms of y .
dx
dy
X, = 2y
dx
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
y = arccos x , x ∈ , −1 ≤ x ≤ 1 .
a) By writing the above equation in the from x = f ( y ) , show that
d 1
( arccos x ) = − .
dx 1− x 2
( )
y = arccos 1 − x 2 , x ∈ , 0 < x ≤ 2 .
d2y 2x
= 3 .
dx 2
(2 − x )
2 2
c) Show clearly that
2 5
d3y d 2 y  dy   dy 
16 3 = 4 x 2   + 2 + x 2   .
dx dx  dx 
(
 dx 
)
FP2-U , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Question 213 (*****)

2x + 3
y= , x∈ , x > 1 .
2x −1 2
Find the coordinates of the stationary point of C , further determining the nature of this
point.
You may not use the product rule, the quotient rule or logarithmic differentiation in
this question.
( )
SYN-U , min 5 , 4
2
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

Show with a detailed method that
d   e x + 1 − 1   1
ln   = .
dx   e x + 1 + 1   e x
+ 1
  
SP-R , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

y = xx , x ∈ , x > 0 .
Show that y is a solution of the equation
d2y 2
2
= x x (1 + ln x ) + x x −1 .
dx
SP-X , proof

Find, in terms of π , the solutions of the equation
d
x
dx
( )
x + 2cos x = 1 , 0 ≤ x < 4π 2 .
2
x = 49π , 121π
36 36
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

Given that
x
y= ,
1+ x
dy
show that = f ( y ) , where f ( y ) is a function to be determined.
dx
3
SP-W , f ( y ) =
(1− y)
2y
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

y = 82 x − 4 x −1 + 2 x , x ∈
Show that C has no stationary points.
SP-W , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
P
2
y = e− x
x
O Q
2
y = e− x , x ≥ 0 .
The point P lies on the curve and the point Q lies on the positive x axis so that
OP = PQ where O is the origin.
1
Show with full justification that the largest area of the triangle OPQ is .
2e
SP-W , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
f ( x) ≡
(3 − 2cos x )(1 + 6sin x )
2 2 2
, tan x ≠ −1 .
(1 + tan x )2
π 
Determine the value of f ′   .
4
π  1
C3S , f ′   = −
4 4

Show clearly that
d   1 − x 2 − 1   2
ln   = .
dx   1 − x + 1   x 1 − x 2
2
  
proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

A curve is defined over the largest real domain by the equation
1
y= x
xe x +1
Show that
dy f ( x ) e− x
= ,
dx 2 x 2 ( x + 1) 32
where f ( x ) is a quadratic expression and hence find, in exact form, the coordinates of
any stationary points of the curve.
(
SPX-J , f ( x ) = 2 x 2 + 5 x + 2 , − 1 , −2 2e
2 )
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

Show clearly that
d 
dx  ( )
ln x − 2 + x 2 − 4 x + 13  =

1
x 2 − 4 x + 13
.
SP-T , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

f ( x ) = x −2 x , x ∈ , x > 0 .
Show that the value of f ′′ ( x ) at the stationary point of the function is
e+2
−2 e e .
SP-P , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
 1

(

)
f ( x ) = ln  x 2 + 1 2
+ x , x ∈ .

1
a) … f ′ ( x ) = .
x2 + 1
b) … f ( x ) is an odd function.
proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

Show clearly that
 − sin x − cos x 0 ≤ x ≤ απ
d  cos 2 x  
= sin x + cos x απ ≤ x ≤ βπ
dx  1 + sin 2 x  
 − sin x − cos x βπ ≤ x ≤ 2π
where α and β are constants to be found.
SP-D , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

d  x−4  1
i. …   =
dx  x + 2  2 x
 
d  4x − 8 x + 3  1
ii. …  2 
= 3
.
dx 
 (x −1 ) 

x ( x −1)
C3T , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
( )
y = arctan x + arctan 1− x , x ∈ .
1+ x
Without simplifying the above expression, use differentiation to show that
dy
= 0 , for all values of x .
dx
proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
A
θ x
O C
The figure above shows the triangle ABC , where ACB = θ .
The points A and B have respective coordinates ( 0,1) and ( 0,3 ) , while the variable
point C ( x,0 ) lies on the positive x axis.
π
Show that as C varies, the maximum value of θ is .
6
C3T , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

y = earctan x , x ∈ .
a) Show, with detailed workings, that
d3y
=
( 6 x 2 − 6 x − 1) earctan x
.
dx3 3
( )
1 + x 2
b) Deduce that C has a point of inflection, stating its coordinates.
SPX-J ,  1 , e
arctan 12 

2 
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
P y = 2x − 4
O
x
The figure above shows the graph of the curve C with equation
y = 2x − 4 , x ≥ 2 .
The point P lies on C , so that the tangent to the curve at the point P passes through
the origin O .
Use a calculus method to find the coordinates of P .
SP-T , P ( 4, 2 )
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

Given that
ex
y= ,
1+ ex
dy
show that = f ( y ) , where f ( y ) is a simplified function to be determined.
dx
SP-Y , f ( y ) = y − y 2
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
y
T y3 − y 2 = x
O
x
The figure above shows the graph of a curve with equation
y3 − y 2 = x , x ∈ , y ∈ .
There exists a tangent to the curve T , so that this tangent crosses the curve at the point
of tangency.
Show that an equation of T is
27 x + 9 y = 1.
SP-V , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
 1
 1
(
f ( x ) = x ln  x 2 + 1

) 2
( )
+ x − x2 + 1 2 , x ∈ .

 1


(
a) … f ′ ( x ) = ln  x 2 + 1) 2
+ x .

b) … f ( x ) is an even function.
proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

A curve is defined in its largest real domain by the equation
 a cos x + b 
y = arccos  ,
 a + b cos x 
where a and b are constants such a > b > 0 .
Show that y increases with x at a rate which lies between
a −b a+b
and .
a+b a −b
d 1
You may assume that [arccos x ] = − .
dx 1 − x2
SP-C , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

The function f is defined, in terms of the real constant k , by
f ( x ) ≡ x3 + kx 2 + x + 1 , x ∈ .
Investigate the number of turning points of f for different values of k , distinguishing

further which ones are stationary
SP-J , investigation
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
Q
wall
3.2 m
P θ 1.35 m
N B
The figure above shows the wall AB of a certain structure, which is supported by a
straight rigid beam PR , where P is on level ground and R is at some point on the wall.
In order to increase the rigidity of the support, the beam is rested on a steady pole NQ ,
of height 3.2 metres.
The pole is placed at a distance of 1.35 metres from the bottom of the wall B .
The beam PR is forming an acute angle θ with the horizontal ground PNB .
The angle θ is chosen so that the length of the beam PR , is least.
Determine the least value for the length of the beam PR , assuming that R lies on the
wall, fully justifying that this is indeed the minimum value.
SP-V , 6.25
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

The variables x and y are such so that
ax + by = c ,
where a , b and c are non zero constants.
Show that the minimum value of x 2 + y 2 is
c2
.
a 2 + b2
SP-Z , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

The point A ( a,0 ) lies on the circle with Cartesian equation
x2 + y 2 = a2 .
The point P is also on the same circle , and the point Q lies on the tangent to the circle
through P , so that AQP is a right angle.
Use a calculus method to show that for all possible positions of P , the largest area of
the triangle AQP is
3 3 2
a .
8
SP-S , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

3 25
y = 2kx 2 − ln kx , x ∈ , x > 0 .
16
where k is a positive constant.
1
The point A lies on the curve, where x = .
k
Given that the normal to the curve at A passes through the origin O , find an equation
of the normal to the curve at A .
SP-N , y = 4 x
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
B 1.5 m E
θ
θ C
1.5 m
D
A
The figure above shows a circle with centre at C and radius 1.5 metres.
The points A and B lie on the circle so that BCA = 2θ , 0 < θ < π .
The point D lies outside the circle so that the line segments BD and AD are equal in
length and the length of DC is 3 metres. The point E lies on the circle so that DCE is
a straight line segment of length 4.5 metres.
The total length of the line segment BD , the line segment AD and the circular arc

AEB denoted by L .
π
Given that θ varies, show that L has a stationary value when θ = and determine
3
further the value L and the nature of this stationary value.
π 
C3S , inflection at  , 2π + 3 3 
3 
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
B P Q C
θ θ
A D
2a
The figure above shows a network APQD inside a rectangle ABCD , where AB = a
and BC = 2a . The endpoints of the network A and D are fixed. The points P and Q
are variable so that they always lie on BC with AP = QD . The angles BPA and
CQD are both equal to θ . A particle travels with constant speed v on the sections AP
and QD , and with constant speed 5 v on the section PQ .
3
Let T be the total time for the journey APQD .
Given that the positions of the points P and Q can be varied as appropriate, show that
14a
the minimum value of T is , fully justifying that this is the minimum value.
5v
SP-X , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

f ( x ) ≡ 4 x3 − 12 x 2 + 8 x , x∈ , 0 ≤ x ≤ 3.
Find the range of f , and hence sketch its graph, showing clearly the coordinates of any
relevant points.
SP-L , − 8 3 ≤ f ( x ) ≤ 24
9
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
y = arccos x , −1 ≤ x ≤ 1 .
a) Show that
dy 1
=− .
dx 1 − x2
The Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind Tn ( x ) is a family of functions defined as
Tn ( x ) = cos ( n arccos x ) , −1 ≤ x ≤ 1 , n ∈ .
d  1
d  −n 2 Tn ( x )
dx 
(1 − x2 ) 2
dx
Tn ( x )   =
 1 − x2
.
SP-J , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

The real functions f and g have a common domain 0 ≤ x ≤ 4 , and defined as
x
f ( x ) ≡ ( x − 1)( x − 2 )( x − 3) and g ( x) ≡

0
f ( t ) dt .
Use a detailed algebraic method to determine the range of g .
SP-I , − 9 ≤ g ( x ) ≤ 0
4
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
1
y= , x≥0,
ax + b
where a and b are positive constants.
Show, by a detailed method, that
n n
dny ( −1) y ( 2n )!  a 
=   .
dx n n!  4 ( ax + b ) 
SP-R , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
2 x tan x = 1 , x ≠ 1 nπ , n ∈
2
a) Show that the above equation has a solution in the interval ( 0.6,0.7 ) .
b) Use the Newton Raphson method to find the solution of this equation, correct to
5 decimal places.
The figure below shows a circle, centre at O . The points A , B and C lie on the
circumference of this circle. A circular sector ABC , subtending an angle of 2θ at C , is
inscribed in this circle.
A
O
B
2θ
C
c) Determine the greatest proportion of the area of the circle, which can be covered
by this sector.
You may give the answer as a percentage, correct to two decimal places
SYN-O , x ≈ 0.65327 , ≈ 52.45
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

A lump of metal, of volume 76 cubic units is moulded into the shape of a cuboidal box,
with a square base, rectangular sided and no lid.
All the faces of the box are 1 unit thick.
All the metal is moulded in the construction of this box, and the construction it has
maximum capacity.
If the internal width of the box is x , find the value of x which maximises the capacity
of he box, and hence determine this maximum capacity.
SP-B , x = 4 , Cmax = 38 2
5
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

The variables x , y and z satisfy the following relationships.
d2y y
x = ln ( z + 1) and 2
= 2x
.
dz e
Show that
d2y dy
2
= + y.
dx dx
SP-A , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
y = e kx , k ≠ 0 .
Find a simplified expression for
 d 2 y   d 2x 
 2  2 ,
 dx   dy 
giving the answer in terms of k and ekx .
SP-U , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
0.6 x + 0.8 x = 1 , x ∈ .
Find the only solution of the above equation, fully justifying the fact that it is the only
solution.
SP-V , x = 2
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

From a thin sheet of metal, a circular sector of area A is removed.
The circular sector is folded without any overlapping into the curved surface of a right
circular cone of volume V .
The measurements of the circular sector are such so that V is maximum.
Find the angle subtended by the circular sector at its centre and show further that the
maximum value of V is
1 4 12 A6
.
9 π2
2π
SP-L , θ =
3
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

The variable point P lies on the positive x axis and the variable point Q lies on the
curve with equation
1
y= 2
, x∈, x ≥ 0 .
x +4
The x coordinate Q is always half the x coordinate of P .
The point P starts at the origin O and begins to move in the positive x direction at
constant rate.
Determine the largest rate of area increase and the largest rate of area decrease of the
triangle OPQ , as P is moving away from O .
SP-P , largest rate of area increase = 1 , largest rate of area decrease = 0.125
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
x3 + px + q = 0 , x ∈
The cubic equation above is given in terms of the real constants, p and q .
Use differentiation to determine the conditions that p and q must satisfy so that the
above equation has …
• … one real root.

• … three real roots, of which one is repeated.
• … three distinct real roots.
 4 p3  4 p3
SP-N , p ≥ 0 ∪  p < 0 ∩ q 2 − > 0 , p < 0 ∩ q 2 − =0 ,
 27  27
4 p3
p < 0 ∩ q2 − <0
27
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
x
O B
The figure above shows the curve C with equation
y = ba a 2 − x 2 , x ≥ 0 ,
where a and b are constants such that b > a > 0 .
The point P lies on C and the tangent to C at P meets the coordinate axes at the
points A and B , as shown in the figure.
Show with full justification that the minimum area of the triangle AOB , where O is the
origin, is ab .
SP-Y , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

x3
f ( x ) ≡ kx − , x∈ ,
x2 + 1
where k is a positive constant.
Given that f is increasing for x ∈ , show that k > 9 and hence sketch the graph of f ,
8
showing clearly the behaviour of f at ± 2 .
SP-F , graph
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

1 3
f ( x) ≡
(
1 + 4sin 2 x )(
2
8 + sec 2 x ) 2
, x ∈ , x ≠ 1 nπ .
tan x 3 2
Find in exact simplified form the value of f ′ 1 π .

3 ( )
( )
SPX-D , f ′ 1 π = −44 3
3
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

x3 + 2
y= .
x2 − x + 1
Find the coordinates of the stationary point of C and determine its nature.
SPX-J , point of inflexion at (1,3)
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

A curve C is defined in the largest real domain by the equation
y = log x 2 .
a) Sketch a detailed graph of C .
The point P , where x = 2 lies on C .
The normal to C at P meets C again at the point Q .
b) Show that the x coordinate of Q is a solution of the equation
[1 + x ln 4 − ln16] ln x = ln 2 .
c) Use an iterative formula of the form xn+1 = e ( n ) , with a suitable starting value,
f x
to find the coordinates of Q , correct to 3 decimal places.
MP2-T , Q ( 0.518, −1.054 )
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

A sphere of radius r , whose centre is at O , is fixed on a horizontal plane.
A thin right circular conical shell, without a base is placed over the sphere.
The axis of the conical shell is vertical and passes through O . The circumference of the
missing base of the conical shell is at the same horizontal level as O .
Show that the minimum value of the outer surface area of the conical shell is
3 3π r2
.
2
SP-E , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

The function y = f ( x ) satisfies the following relationship.
2
d2y  dy  dy
4x 2 + 4x   + 2 −1 = 0 .
dx  dx  dx
It is further given that x = t 2 and y = ln v .
Show that
d 2v
=v.
dt 2
SP-W , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

The point P ( x, y ) lies on a circle with centre at (1,0 ) and radius 1 .
Find, in exact surd form, the greatest value of x + y , for all the possible positions of the
point P .
MP2-S , 1 + 2
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

Assuming that π ≈ 3.14 and e ≈ 2.7 , show without any calculating aid that
eπ > π e .
You must show a detailed method in this question.
X , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

A general curve C has equation
n
y = x m ( x − 1) ,
where x ∈ , m ∈ , m ≥ 2 , n ∈ , n ≥ 2 .
Sketch in four separate of axes, the 4 separate shapes which C can take, m ≥ 2 .
The sketches must contain the coordinates of any stationary points.
SP-L , graph
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

The point P lies on the curve C with equation
1
y= , x∈ , x ≥ 0.
1 + x2
The straight line L is the tangent to the C at P .
Determine an equation for L , given further that L meets C at the point ( 0,1) .
SP-Q , 2 y + x = 2
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

The point P has rational coordinates and lies on the curve C with equation
y = x2 − 4x + 3 , x∈ .
The straight line L is the normal to the C at P .
L meets the curve again at the point Q .
Given that PQ = 8 , determine the possible coordinates of P and Q .
( ) ( )
SP-H , P 3 , − 3 ∩ Q 7 , 5
2 4 2 4
∪ ( ) ( )
P 5 ,− 3 ∩ Q 1 , 5
2 4 2 4
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

Leibniz rule states that the n th derivative of the product of the functions f ( x ) and
g ( x ) satisfies

n  n   (r ) ( n−r )  
 f ( x ) g ( x )  =     f ( x )   f ( x )  ,
 
r =0
 r  
dk
where f 0 ( x ) = f ( x ) , f 1 ( x ) = f ′ ( x ) , f 2 ( x ) = f ′′ ( x ) , … , f k ( x ) =  f ( x )  .
dx k
Show, by a detailed method, that

dn  4  4  
n 
x ln x  = n ! x 4−n    f ( n, r )  ,

dx
r =0
 r  
where f ( n, r ) is a function to be found.
4
 4  ( −1)n −r −1 
SP-W ,
dn  4
dx n 
x ln x  = n ! x 4−n
 
r =0
 
 r  n − r 

Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

x2
y2 = , x ∈ , x > 1.
x −1
Show that there exist exactly two tangents to C which pass through the point (1, 2 ) , and
find their equations.
MP2-T , y = 2 , 27 y = 4 x + 50
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

3 x −1
y= , x∈ , x ≠ 0 , x ≠ 1 .
2
2x + 2 − x + 2 2
Find, in exact simplified surd form, the y coordinate of the stationary point of C .
SP-K , y = 7 − 2 10
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

A curve, defined in the largest real domain, has equation
y = ln x + 4 − 6 .
dy
Determine, in its simplest form, an expression for .
dx
 1
, x ≥ −4, x ≠ 2
dy  x − 2
SP-I , =
dx  1
, x ≤ −4, x ≠ −10
 x + 10
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

Show that
d   8 4 2  A
 ln 1 + + x + x + 4  = ,
dx   x x  x x2 + x + 4
where A is a non zero constant.
SPX-T , A = −2
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
x sin x + cos x
f ( x) ≡ , x ∈ ( 0, π ] .
x cos x − sin x
Show that
f ′ ( x ) = g ( x ) sec2 [ x + arccot x ] ,
where g ( x ) is a rational function to be found.
x2
X , g ( x) =
x2 + 1
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

f ( x ) ≡ sin x + cos x + tan x + cot x + sec x + cosec x , ( )

x ∈ 0, 1 π .
2
Determine with full justification the range of f .
SPX-W , f ( x ) ∈  2 + 3 2, ∞ )
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

Assuming that π ≈ 3.14 , show without any calculating aid that
3π > π 3 .
You must show a detailed method in this question.
SPX-P , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

The function f is defined in the largest possible real domain, contained in the interval
( −2π , 2π ) , and its equation is
f ( x ) ≡ ln  tan 1 π − 1 x  .
( )
 8 2 
a) Find the domain of f .
k
b) Show that f ′ ( x ) ≡ , for some constant k .
1 − sin 2 x
( ) ( ) (
SPX-S , −2π , − 7 π ∪ − 3 π , 1 π ∪ 5 π , 2π
4 4 4 4 )
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

−1
y = xx , x ∈ .
a) Show that y is a solution of the following differential equation.
d2y dy
x3 2
− x (1 − ln x ) + ( 3 − 2ln x ) y = 0 .
dx dx
d2y −1
−3
2
= − ee .
dx x =e
SPX-Q , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

The positive solution of the quadratic equation x 2 − x − 1 = 0 is denoted by φ , and is
commonly known as the golden section or golden number.
( )
This implies that φ 2 − φ − 1 = 0 , φ = 1 1 + 5 ≈ 1.62 .
2
Show, with a detailed method, that
d  1−φ  −φ
dx 
(
x xφ
+ 1)  = ( xφ + 1) .
X , proof
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

The curve C is defined in the greatest real domain by the equation
x
y= .
( y − 2 )( y + 1)( y − 3)
a) Show that
dy 1
= ,
(
dx 2 ( y − 1) ay 2 + by + c )
where a , b and c are integers to be found.
b) Determine the exact value of the gradient at the points on C , where x = 40 .
c) Sketch the graph of C .

The sketch must include the coordinates of any points where C meets the
coordinate axes, the coordinates of the points of infinite gradient. You must
also find, with a full algebraic method, the line of symmetry of C .
SPX-I , a = 2, b = −4, c = −3 , ± 1
78
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas
y
1 y2 = 2x −1
2 x −1
y=2
O x
y = −2
x = −1
2x −1
The figure above shows the curve with equation 1 y 2 = , whose three asymptotes
2 x −1
are marked with dotted lines.
A circle centred at the point C and of radius r is drawn, so that it touches all three
branches of the curve, as shown in the figure.
Determine the coordinates of C and the value of r .
( )
SP-G , C 11 ,0 , r = 9
4 4
Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

The function with equation y = f ( x ) has smooth first and second derivatives.
Show that
3
d 2 y  dy  d 2 x
+  = 0.
dx 2  dx  dy 2
SP-Z , proof
Created by T. Madas

Differentiation II Exam Questions

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Differentiation II Exam Questions

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Created by T.

a) Show clearly that

b) Find the coordinates of the stationary points of C .

( 0, 0 ) & ( −1, −1)

Find an equation of the normal to C at the point where x = 7

Find the exact coordinates of the turning point of C .

Show that an equation of the tangent to C at the point where x = 1 is

Show that an equation of the normal to C at the point where x = 1 is given by

Show that an equation of the normal to the curve at P , is given by

Show clearly that

Find an equation of the tangent to the curve at P .

b) By making y the subject of the equation and differentiating the resulting

Show that an equation of the normal to the curve at P , is given by

b) Find the exact coordinates of the turning points of C .

a) Find an expression for f ′ ( x ) .

b) Find β in exact surd form, such that f ′ ( β ) = 0 .

Find an equation of the normal to C at the point where x = 4

f ( x ) = 3sin 2 x + cos 2 x , 0 ≤ x < 2π .

a) Find the gradient at P .

b) Show that an equation of the tangent to the curve at P , is given by

Find an equation of the normal to the curve at A .

a) Show clearly that

Show clearly that

Show that an equation of the tangent to the curve at A is given by

Show that an equation of the normal to C at the point where y = e is

a) Solve the equation

c) Find f ′′ ( x ) and use it to determine the nature of the turning point of f ( x ) .

a) Find the exact coordinates of A and determine whether it is a local maximum or

The curve C lies entirely above the x axis.

a) Find the exact coordinates of A and determine whether it is a local maximum or

The curve C lies entirely above the x axis.

c) Hence show that the x coordinates of the turning points of C satisfy

b) By making x the subject of the equation and differentiating the resulting

at the point on the curve where x = 1 .

a) Find the values of …

The inverse function of f ( x ) is g ( x ) .

b) Determine an expression for g ( x ) .

c) State the value of g ′ ( 2 ) .

Find the gradient at each of the points on the curve where x = 3 .

a) Find an expression for f ′ ( x ) .

b) Show clearly that

Show clearly that …

a) Find the exact coordinates of the stationary points of C .

Determine the range of values of x for which y is decreasing.

where k and a are non zero constants.

b) Determine the range of values of x , for which y is decreasing.

where a is a non zero constant.

Given that f ′ ( 2a ) = −2 , determine the value of a .

Show clearly that

f ( x ) = ln ( cosec x − cot x ) , 0 < x < π .

Show clearly that

a) Find an expression for f ′ ( x ) .

b) Determine the range of values of x , for which f ( x ) is decreasing.

a) Show clearly that

where k is a non zero constant.

The point P lies on C , where x = 3 .

a) Show clearly that

Show that an equation of the normal to C at the point (1,1) is

Find the range of values of x for which f ( x ) is a decreasing function.

a) Find the coordinates of the stationary points of C .

sin 3 x ≡ 3sin x − 4sin 3 x .

C3F, add proof for sin 3x , cos 3 x = 4cos3 x − 3cos x

a) Show clearly that

where a and b are integers.