Exercise on inverse trigonometry functions

𝜋
1) Prove that sin−1 𝑥 + cos −1 𝑥
=
2
𝑛𝑜𝑤 𝑤𝑒 𝑗𝑢𝑠𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑎 = sin−1 𝑥
⇔ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎 = 𝑥
𝜋
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡 cos − 𝑎 = 𝑥
𝜋 2
⇔ − 𝑎 = cos −1 𝑥
2
𝜋
⇔ − sin−1 𝑥 = cos −1 𝑥
2
𝜋
⇔ sin−1 𝑥 + cos −1 𝑥 =
2
𝜋
𝑠𝑜 sin−1 𝑥 + cos −1 𝑥 =
2

Prepare by Pat Huot 1

 𝜋
tan−1 𝑥
2) Prove that + =cos−1 𝑥
2
𝑊𝑒 𝑗𝑢𝑠𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑡 tan−1 𝑥 = 𝑎
⇔ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑎 = 𝑥
𝜋
⇔ cot − 𝑎 = 𝑥
2
𝜋
⇔ − 𝑎 = cot −1 𝑥
2
𝜋
⇔ − tan−1 𝑥 = cot −1 𝑥
2
𝜋
⇔ tan−1 𝑥 + cot −1 𝑥 =
2
−1 −1 𝜋
𝑠𝑜 tan 𝑥 + cot 𝑥=
2

Prepare by Pat Huot 2

 −1 −1 𝜋
3) 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 sec 𝑥 + csc 𝑥 =
2
𝑛𝑜𝑤 𝑤𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒 sec −1 𝑥 = 𝑎
⇔ sec 𝑎 = 𝑥
𝜋
⇔ csc − 𝑎 = 𝑥
𝜋 2
⇔ − 𝑎 = csc −1 𝑥
2
𝜋
⇔ − sec −1 𝑥 = csc −1 𝑥
2
−1 −1
𝜋
⇔ sec 𝑥 + csc 𝑥 =
2𝜋
𝑠𝑜 sec −1 𝑥 + csc −1 𝑥 =
2

Prepare by Pat Huot 3

 −1 −1 −1 𝑥+𝑦
4) 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 tan 𝑥 + tan 𝑦 = tan
1−𝑥𝑦
𝑛𝑜𝑤 𝑚𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑎 = tan−1 (𝜃)
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 = tan−1 (𝛽)
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑚𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡 𝜃 = tan−1 𝑎
𝛽 = tan−1 𝛽
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑤𝑒 𝑘𝑛𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 tan 𝜃 + 𝛽 =
1 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃. 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽
𝑥+𝑦
⇔ tan 𝜃 + 𝛽 =
1 − 𝑥𝑦
−1
𝑥+𝑦
⇔ 𝜃 + 𝛽 = tan
1 − 𝑥𝑦
−1 −1 −1
𝑥+𝑦
𝑠𝑜 tan 𝑥 + tan 𝑦 = tan
1 − 𝑥𝑦
Prepare by Pat Huot 4
 𝑥−𝑦
5) 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 tan−1 𝑥 − tan−1 𝑦
= tan−1
1+𝑥.𝑦
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑎 = tan 𝛼
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 = tan(𝛾)
⇔ tan−1 𝑎 = 𝛼 , tan−1 𝑏 = 𝛾
tan 𝛼 − tan(𝛾)
𝑛𝑜𝑤 𝑤𝑒 𝑘𝑛𝑜𝑤 tan 𝛼 − 𝛾 =
1 + tan 𝛼 . tan(𝛾)
𝑥−𝑦
⇔ tan 𝛼 − 𝛾 =
1 + 𝑥. 𝑦
−1
𝑥−𝑦
⇔ 𝛼 − 𝛾 = tan
1 + 𝑥. 𝑦
−1 −1 −1
𝑥−𝑦
𝑠𝑜 tan 𝑥 − tan 𝑦 = tan
1 + 𝑥. 𝑦

Prepare by Pat Huot 5

 2𝑥
6) 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 2 tan−1 𝑥
= tan−1
1−𝑥 2
𝑗𝑢𝑠𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑎 = tan−1 𝑥
2 tan 𝑎
𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑤𝑒 𝑘𝑛𝑜𝑤 tan 2𝑎 =
1 − tan2 𝑎−1
2 tan tan 𝑥
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡 tan 2𝑎 =
1 − tan2 tan−1 𝑥
2𝑥
⇔ tan 2𝑎 =
1 − 𝑥2
−1
2𝑥
⇔ 2𝑎 = tan
1 − 𝑥2
−1 −1
2𝑥
𝑠𝑜 2 tan 𝑥 = tan
1 − 𝑥2

Prepare by Pat Huot 6

 x+y+z−xyz
7) Prove that tan−1 x + tan−1 y
+ tan−1 z
= tan−1
1−xy−yz−zx
𝑚𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛼 , 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽 , 𝑧 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛾
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑛 tan−1 𝑥 = 𝛼 , tan−1 𝑦 = 𝛽 , tan−1 𝑧 = 𝛾
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛼 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛾 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛼. 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽. 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛾
𝑛𝑜𝑤 tan 𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝛾 =
1 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛼. 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽. 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛾 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛾. 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛼
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 − 𝑥𝑦𝑧
⇔ tan 𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝛾 =
1 − 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦𝑧 − 𝑧𝑥
−1
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 − 𝑥𝑦𝑧
⇔ 𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝛾 = tan
1 − 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦𝑧 − 𝑧𝑥
−1 −1 −1 −1
x + y + z − xyz
𝑠𝑜 tan x + tan y + tan z = tan
1 − xy − yz − zx

Prepare by Pat Huot 7

 −1 −1 −1 xy−1
8) Prove that cot x + cot y= cot
x+y
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = cot 𝑎 , 𝑦 = cot 𝑏
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑛 cot −1 𝑥 = 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 cot −1 𝑦 = 𝑏
cot 𝑎 . cot 𝑏 − 1
𝑛𝑜𝑤 cot 𝑎 + 𝑏 =
cot 𝑎 + cot(𝑏)
𝑥𝑦 − 1
⇔ cot 𝑎 + 𝑏 =
𝑥+𝑦
−1
𝑥𝑦 − 1
⇔ 𝑎 + 𝑏 = cot
𝑥+𝑦
−1 −1 −1
xy − 1
𝑠𝑜 cot x + cot y = cot
x+y

Prepare by Pat Huot 8

 xy+1
9) Prove that cot −1 x
− cot −1 y
= cot −1
y−x
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝐴 , 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝐵
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑛 cot −1 𝑥 = 𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 cot −1 𝑦 = 𝐵
𝑐𝑜𝑡𝐴. 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝐵 + 1
𝑤𝑒 𝑘𝑛𝑜𝑤 cot 𝐴 + 𝐵 =
−1 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝐵 − 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝐴
cot cot x . cot cot −1 y + 1
⇔ cot 𝐴 + 𝐵 =
cot cot −1 𝑦 − cot cot −1 𝑥
𝑥.𝑦+1
⇔ cot 𝐴 + 𝐵 =
𝑦−𝑥
−1 x.y+1
⇔A+B= cot
y−x
xy + 1
𝑠𝑜 cot −1 x − cot −1 y = cot −1
y−x
Prepare by Pat Huot 9
 2x
10)Prove that 2 tan−1 x= sin−1
1+x2
𝑤𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑡 tan−1 𝑥 = 𝛼 ⇒ 𝑥 = tan−1 𝛼
2𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛼
𝐵𝑢𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝛼 =
1 + tan2 𝛼
2tan(𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥)
⇔ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝛼 =
1 + tan2 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
2𝑥
⇔ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝛼 =
1+𝑥 2
2𝑥
⇔ 2𝛼 = arcsin
1+𝑥 2
2x
𝑠𝑜 2 tan−1 x = sin−1
1 + x2

Prepare by Pat Huot 10

 2
−1 −1 1−x
11) Prove that 2 tan x = cos
1+x2
𝑙𝑒𝑡 tan−1 𝛿 = 𝑥 ⇒ 𝛿 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 = tan−1 𝑥
1 − tan2 𝛿
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝛿 =
12+ tan2 𝛿
1 − tan 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
⇔ 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝛿 =
1 + tan2 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑥
1−𝑥 2
⇔ 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝛿 =
1+𝑥 2
1−𝑥 2
⇔ 2𝛿 = arccos
1+𝑥 2
1 − x2
𝑠𝑜 2 tan−1 x = cos−1
1 + x2

Prepare by Pat Huot 11

12) 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 2 sin−1 𝑥 = sin−1 2𝑥 1 − 𝑥 2
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛Δ = 𝑥 ⇒ Δ = sin−1 𝑥
𝑛𝑜𝑤 𝑠𝑖𝑛2Δ = 2𝑠𝑖𝑛Δ. 𝑐𝑜𝑠Δ
𝑅𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘 sin2 𝐴 + cos2 𝐴 = 1 ⇒ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 = 1 − sin2 𝐴
⇔ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2Δ = 2𝑠𝑖𝑛Δ. 1 − sin2 Δ
⇔ sin2Δ = 2 sin sin−1 𝑥 1 − sin2 sin−1 𝑥
⇔ sin2Δ = 2x 1 − 𝑥 2
⇔ 2Δ = sin−1 2𝑥 1 − 𝑥 2
𝑠𝑜 2 sin−1 𝑥 = sin−1 2𝑥 1 − 𝑥 2

Prepare by Pat Huot 12