2.

CIRCLE

2.1 (B)
(x – 2)2 + y2 = 4
centre is (2, 0) and radius 2
distance between (2, 0) and (5,6) is 9  36 = 3 5 (5, 6)
(2, 0)
3 5 –2 3 5 2 41
 r1 r2 = . =
2 2 4

2.2 (C)
x2 + y2 – 12x + 35 = 0 ..........(i)
x2 + y2 + 4x + 3 = 0 ..........(ii)
equation of radical axis of (i) and (ii) is – 16x + 32 = 0  x= 2
It intersect the line joining the centres i.e. y = 0 at the point (2, 0)
 required radius = 4 – 24  35 15

2.3 (D) A
P
AQ = 3 + 2 2
R
PQ = 3 2 + 4
Let 'r' be required radius Q
C1
3 2 + 4 = 3+ 2 2 + r + r 2 B

2 +1 = r (1 + 2)  r =1

2.4 (A) P
Let C be the centre of the circle S = 0.
Then circimcircle of the RPQ passes through C. 5

R(5, 8) C
(2,3)
 (2, 3) is the mid point of RC (–1,–2)
 coordinates of C are (– 1, – 2)
 Equation of the circle is x2 + y2 + 2x + 4y – 20 = 0 Q

2.5 (C)
Radical centre of the circles described on the sides of a triangle as diameters is the oethocentre
of the triangle
 OD = 2
(1, 0)
 1 B D C(3, 0)
DH – BD tan = – O
6 3 H

 1 
 coordinates of H are  2,–  A
 3
2.6 (B)
Let (, 3, – ) be any point on x + y = 3
 equation of chord of contact is ax + (3 – ) y = 8
i.e.  (x – y) + 3y – 9 = 0
 the chord passes through the point (3, 3) for all values of .

2.7 (C)
(–4, 3)R Q(3, 4)
4
Slope of OQ =
3
3 (0, 0)
Slope of OR = –
4

  ROQ = 90°  QPR =
4
2.8 (B)
y = mx be chord
the points of intersection are given by x2 (1 + m 2) – x(3 + 4m) – 4 = 0
3  4m –4
 x1 + x 2 = 2 and x1 x2 =
1 m 1  m2
Since (0, 0) divides the point of (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) in the ratio 1 : 4
 x2 = – 4x1
3  4m –4
then – 3x1 = 2 and – 4x12 = –
1 m 1  m2
 9 + 9m 2 = 9 + 16m 2 + 24m
24
i.e. m = 0, –
7
 the lines are y = 0 and 7y + 24x = 0

2.9 (D) P
(x – 1)2 + (y + 2)2 = 16 director circle
4 of give circle
(x – 1)2 + (y + 2)2 = 32 T
S O
 OS = 4 2 4
 required distance TS = OT – SO = 12 – 4 2 Q

2.10 (C)
Equation of the two circles be (x – r)2 + (y – r)2 = r2 i.e.
x2 + y2 – 2rx – 2ry + r2 = 0 where r = r1 & r2. Condition of orthogonality gives
2r1r2 + 2r1r2 = r12 + r22  4r1r2 = r12 + r22.
Circle passes through (a, b)
 a2 + b2 – 2ra – 2rb + r2 = 0 i.e. r2 – 2r(a + b) + a2 + b2 = 0
r1 + r2 = 2 (a + b) and r1 r2 = a2 + b2
 4(a2 + b2) = 4 (a + b)2 – 2 (a2 + b2) i.e., a2 – 4ab + b2 = 0

2.11 (D)
 x2 + y2 – 2x – 2y – 6 = 0
 radius = 8
 o
 PT = 2a2 – 4a – 6 P

(a, a) (1, 1)

2 2
 tan  =
2 a2 – 2a – 3
   
 < 2 <   < <
3 6 2
1 1 2
 < tan  <   < < 
3 3 a2 – 2a – 3

1 4 1 (a – 5)(a  3)
 < 2 – > 0  a  (–3, –1)  (3, 5)
3 a – 2a – 3 3 (a – 3)(a  1)

2.12 (B)
 reflection of (5, 8) in BC will be circumcircle.
 (8,5) will lie on circicircle
 equation of circumcircle is
(x – 2)2 + (y – 3)2 = (8 – 2)2 + (3 – 5)2
 x2 + y2 – 4x – 6y – 27 = 0
y=x/ 3
2.13. (C)
 centre lies on line y = x y=x
 let centre (h, h) (h1h)
y=x/ 3
|h – h 3 |
 = 1
2
 h = ( 3 + 1)
 equation of required circle is
x2 + y2 – 2x ( 3 + 1) – 2y ( 3 + 1) + 7 + 4 3 = 0

2.14 (C) (8, 6)

2 2
(x – 8) + (y – 6) = 16 ......(i)
required line is the common chord of the circles (i) and (ii)
 16x – 64 + 12y – 36 – 100 + 16 = 0
16 x + 12 y – 184 = 0 2 2
4x + 3y – 46 = 0 x + y – 100 ......(ii)

2.15 (A)
 Equation of any tangent of x2 + y2 – 4 = 0 is
y = mx ± 2 1  m2
 its passes through (–2, – 4) x=–2 A
(2m – 4)2 = 4 (1 + m 2)
4m 2 – 16m + 16 = 4 + 4m 2 (–2, –4)
 one tangent is vertical and slope of other tangent is 3/4
3
Hence equation of incident ray is y + 4 = (x + 2)
4
 3x + 4y + 22 = 0

2.16 (A, C, D)
Coordinates of O are (5, 3) and radius = 2
Equation of tangent A (7, 3) is 7x + 3y – 5 (x + 7) – 3 ( y + 3) + 30 = 0
i.e. 2x – 14 = 0 i.e. x= 7
Equation of tangent at B (5, 1) is 5x + y – 5(x + 5) – 3 (y + 1) + 30 = 0
i.e. – 2y + 2 = 0 i.e. y= 1
 coordinate of C are (7, 1)
 area of OACB = 4
Equation of AB is x – y = 4 (radical axis)
 Equation of the smallest circle is
(x – 7) (x – 5) + (y – 3) (y – 1) = 0
i.e. x2 + y2 – 12x – 4y + 38 = 0

2.17 (A, C, D)
x2 + y2 + 8x – 10y – 40 = 0
centre of the circle is (– 4, 5) (–2, 3)
its radius = 9
distance of the centre (– 4, 5) from the point ( – 2, 3) is 44 = 2 2
 a = 2 2 + 9 and b = – 2 2 + 9
 a + b = 18
a –b = 4 2
a. b = 81 – 8 = 73
y
2.18 (B,D) x=1
Line pair is (x – 1)2 – y2 = 0 i.e. x + y – 1 = 0, x – y – 1 = 0
Let the centre be (, 0), then its distance x
from x + y – 1 = 0 is O

 –1
= 2 (radius)
2

i.e. a = 1 ± 2 2  Centre may be (1 + 2 2 , 0), (1 – 2 2 , 0)

Now let the centre be (1, ), then
1  – 1
, 2  = ± 2 2
2
h
 Centre may be (1, 2 2 ), (1, – 2 2 )

2.19 (B, C)
x2 + y2 – 8x – 16y + 60 = 0 ....(i)
Equation of chord of contact from (–2, 0) is – 2x – 4 (x – 2) – 8x + 60 = 0
3x + 4y – 34 = 0 ....(ii)
From (i) and (ii)
2
2
 34 – 3x   34 – 3x 
x +   – 8x – 16   + 60 = 0
 4   4 
16x2 + 1156 – 204 x + 9x2 – 128x – 2176 + 960 = 0
5x2 – 28x – 12 = 0  (x – 6) (5x + 2) = 0
2
x = 6, –
5
 2 44 
 points are (6, 4),  – ,  .
 5 5 

2.20. (A, D) Area of the quadrilateral = c × 9  25 – c = 15

 c = 9, 25

2.21 (A)
C1(1, 2), r1 = 10
C2 (3, 4), r2 = 3
 C1 C2 = 2 2 < |r1 – r2| = 7
 the statement is true
2.22 (D)
Since S1 = 0 and S3 = 0 has no radical axis
 radical centre does not exist

2.23 (C)
Statement-1 is true because common chord itself passes through origin
Statement-2 is false (common chord is x – y = 0)

2.24 (A)
Common chord of two orthogonal circles subtend supplementary angles at the centres and so
complementary angles o the circumferences of the two circle
 both the statements are correct and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1.

2.25 (D)
Draw circle C with direct common tangent as diameter, then both the points of intersection of
line joining the centres and the circles lie in the interior of the circle C. Therefore the angles are
obtuse angles.
So the statement-1 is false.
Statement-2 is true.

2.26 (A)
S1 : Without the loss of generality the circle can be assumed as x2 + y2 = a2 and the given
line as x – b = 0 Let (h, k) be the centre of the required circle. Then length of tangent
form (h, k) to the circle and distance of (h, k) from the line should be equal.
Hence h2  k 2 – a2 = | h – b | or k2 – a2 = – 2ab + b2
 the locol is y2 – a2 = – 2bx + b2
i.e. y2 = – 2bx + b2 + a2 which is a parabola. h,k
y
S2 : C1 = (–a, 0) : C2 = (0, – b)
r1 = x
a2 – c : r2 = b2 – c O a b
C 1 C 2 = | r 1 ± r 2|

a2 – c  b2 – c
a2  b2 =

a2 + b2 = a2 + b2 – 2c ± 2 (a2 – c)(b2 – c)
c2 = a2b2 – ca2 – b2c + c2
1 1 1
= 2 + 2
c a b
S3 : Let x + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 be a circle passing through the points (0,a) & (0, – a)
2

 a2 + 2af + c = 0 & a2 – 2af + c = 0

2
 f = 0 and c = – a
 Equation of the circle is
x2 + y2 + 2gx – a2 = 0
Since it touches the line y = mx + c
| –mg  c |
 g2  a2 =
m2  1
i.e. g2 + 2mcg + a2 (m 2 + 1) –c2 = 0
it gives who values of g, therefore there are two circles

viz. x2 + y2 + 2g1x – a2 = 0 and x2 + y2 + 2g2x – a2 = 0

further these two circles cut each other ortogonally if
2g1 g2 = – a2 – a2
 i.e. g1g2 = –a2
i.e. a2 + a2m 2 – c2 = – a2
i.e. c2 = a2 (m 2 + 2)

2.27 (C)
l
r
1 
S1 : Area of = 2r cos.  cos  l 2 + r2
2
r3
= r cos2 =
r 2  2

S2 : Product of x-intercepts = product of y-intercepts

 c1   c 2   c1   c 2 
 –  –  = –  –  i.e. a1 a2 = b1b2
 a1   a2   b1   b2 

 a
S3 : r = =
s 2 3

2a2 a2
 area of square inscribed = =
12 6
S4 : Length of median = 3a
 Length of side = 2 3 a

2 3a 3a. 2
 R= = = 2a
2 sin A 3
 Equation of the circumcircle is x2 + y2 = 4a2

2.28 (D)
S1 : 02 + g2 + 0 + c < 0
g2 + c < 0
c < 0
1
S2 : S1 =
2
S3 : 2(x – 4x + 4) + 3 (y2 – 6y + 9) = k
2

2(x – 2)2 + 3(y – 3)2 = k .......(i)

equation (i) represnts a point k = 0
1 1 1
S4 : We have 2 + ( + 1)2 = + = < 1
4 4 2
 S4 is true
y
2.29 (B)
x

2.30 (A)
Slope of chord = 1

since the chord is - chord
3
 distance from the origin is = 3
let the equation of the chord be x – y + k = 0
k
 = 3 i.e. k = ± 6
2
2.31 (A)
Radius of the circle = 2

distance from the origin = 2 cos = 1
3
2.32 (D)
(x – 1)2 + (y + 1)2 + l (x – 2)2 | y2) = 0 ...........(i)
1
put (0, 0) in (i) to get    = –
2
the equation of circle is x2 + y2 + 4y = 0

2.33 (B)
Family of circle x2 + y2 – 2x – 2y + c +  (x2 + y2) = 0
2 2 c
x2 + y2 – x – y+ = 0
 1  1  1
2 2
      c
radius of this circle = 0     1 +    1 – = 0     2 + 2 – c ( + 1) = 0
     1

 2  2      c c 
l + 1 = put   ,  =  2 2
, 2 2

c    1   1      
2.34 (A)
S + L = 0
L = 0 represents the radical axis
 ax – by + 1 = 0

2.35 (B)
From the figure
Since OAB is equilateral triangle
  AOC = 120°
 Angle between tangents is 60°.

2.37 (C)
Locus of point of intersection of tangents at A and C is a circle whose centre is (0, 0) and radius is
OT =a2  a2 cot 2 30
= 2a
So locus is x2 = y2 = 4a2

2.38 (B)
 PQ = PR i.e. parallellogram PQRS is a rhombus
 Mid point of QR = Midpoint of PS and QR  PS
 S is the mirror image of P w.r.t. QR
 L  2x + y = 6 Let p  (k, 6 – 2k)

 PQO = PRO =
2
Q
P
k 
 OP is diameter of circumcircle PQR, then centre is  ,3 – k 
2  M

k O
 x=  k = 2x
2
S R
y = 3 – k  2x + y = 3
2.39 (D) P(6, 8)
 equation of QR is 6x + 8y = 4  3x + 4y – 2 = 0
48
 PM = and PQ = 96
5

(48)2 96 96
QM = 96 – =  QR = 2
25 25 25

1 196 6
 Area of PQR = . PM. QR =
2 25
 PQRS is a rhombus
196 6
 Area of QRS = Area of PQR = sq. units.
25

2.40 (B)
 P  (3, 4) y
 Equation of QR is 3x + 4y = 4 .........(i) A M
Let S  (x1, y1) a

 S is the mirror image of P w.r.t equation (i) L
x

x1 – 3 y –4 –2(3  3  4  4 – 4) 42
then = 1 = 2 2 = –
3 4 3 4 25
51 68
 x1 = – , y1 = –
25 25
 51 68 
S  – ,– 
 25 25 

2.41 (A)  (r), (B)  (s), (C)  (q), (D)  (p)

(A) SInce (2, 3) lies on ax + by – 5 = 0 2a + 3b – 5 = 0
 a
Slope of ax + by – 5 = 0   – b  = – 1 i.e. a= b
 
 a = 1, b = 1
 |a + b | = 2

(B)Let P be the point (, ), then 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 0

 
mis point of OP is  , 
 b 2

 
 locus of  ,  is 4x2 + 4y2 + 4x + 4y = 0 i.e. x2 + y2 + x + y = 0
 b 2
 2g = 1, 2f = 1
 g + f = 1

(C) centres of the circle are (1, 2), (5, – 6)

8
Equation of C1C2 is y – 2 = – (x – 1) i.e. 2x + y – 4 = 0
4
Equation of radical axis is 8x – 16y – 56 = 0
i.e. x – 2y – 7 = 0
Points of intersection is (3, – 2)
 (D) x2 + y2 – 6 3 – 6y + 27 = 0
Equation of the pair of tangent is given by
(–3 3x – 3y + 27)2 = 27 (x2 + y2 – 6 3x – 6y + 27)
27x2 + 9y2 + 272 + 18 3 xy – 6 × 27 3 – 6 × 27y
= 27x2 + 27y2 – 6 × 27 3 x – 6 × 27 y + 272
18y2 – 18 3 xy = 0
 the tangents are y = 0 y = 3x

 angle between the tangents is
3
 2 3 tan  = 2 3 × 3 = 6

2.42 (A)  (q), (B)  (t), (C)  (p), (D)  (r)

(A) Let length of common chord be 2a, then
3 4
9 – a2 + 16 – a2 = 5

16 – a2 = 5 – 9 – a2
16 – a2 = 25 + 9 – a2 – 10 9 – a2

10 9 – a2 = 18  100 (9 – a2) = 324 i.e. 100a2 = 578

576 24
a = =
100 10

24 k
 2a = =  k = 24
5 5
(B) Equation of common chord is 6x + 4y + p + q = 0
common chord pass through centre (– 2, – 6) of circle x2 + y2 + 4x + 12y + p = 0
 p + q = 36
(C) Equation of the circle is 2x2 + 2y2 – 2 2 x – y = 0
Let (, 0) be mid point of a chord. Then equation of the chord is
1
2ax – 2 (x + ) – (y + 0) = 22 – 2 2 
2
 1
Since it passes through the point  2, 
 2

1
 2 2  – 2 ( 2 + ) – = 2a2 – 2 2 a
4
i.e. 8a2 – 12 2 a + 9 = 0
3 3
i.e.  = , number of chords is 1
2 2 2 2

(D) mid point of AB = (1, 4)

 Equation perpendicular bisector of AB is x = 1
A diameter is 4y = x + 7
 Centre of the circle is (1, 2)
 sides of the rectangle are 8 and 4
 area = 32
2.43 S(x, 2) = 0 given two identical solutions x = 1.
 line y = 2 is a tangent to the circle S(x, y) = 0 at the pint (1, 2) and S(1, y) = 0 gives two
distinct solutions y = 0, 2 A(1, 2)
 Line x = 1cut the circle S(x, y) = 0 at pints (1, 0) and (1, 2) y=2
A (1, 2) and B(1, 0) are diametrically opposite points.
x2 + y2 – 2x –2y + 1 = 0 B(1, 0)
x=1
2.44 x2 – y2 + 2y – 1 = 0
(x – y + 1) (x + y – 1) = 0
The centre of family of circles touching the above lines, will lie on the angular bisectors of the
above lines. Equation of the angular bisectors of the above lines, is given by
x – y 1 x  y –1
= ±  x = 0 and y = 1
2 2
h
Case -1 Let A (h, 1) be a point on the line y = 1 AP =
2
h2
Equation of circle touching the given lines is (x – h)2 + (y – 1)2 =
2
h2
i.e. x2 + y2 – 2hx – 2y + + 1 = 0 ..........(i)
2
Case-2 Let B(0, k) be a point on the line x = 0
k
Now, BN =
2

k2 N A(h, 1)

Equation of circle touching the given lines is x2 + (y – k)2 = P

2 B

x +y –1=0
k2
or x2 + y2 – 2ky + = 0 .........(ii)
2

2.45 Let centre be C (h, k)

2–k 3
 CP  AB  =
3 4
–h B(0, 4)
2
 6h – 8k = – 7 .........(ii)
 CP = CQ c
r P(3/2, 2)
r
2 2 A(3, 0)
 3  3 Q
  h –  + (k – 2)2 =  h –  + k 2
 2  2
 k = 1 put in (i), we get
1
6h = 1  h =
6
2 2
 1 3  1– 9  5
 radius (r) = CQ =  –  1 =   1 = 3  3r = 5 Ans.
6 2  6 

| h – k  10 |
2.46  CP = CR  = h
2
h – k + 10 = h 2 .........(i)
  CP = CQ y + 10
P y=x
 h – k + 10 = – h + k + 6
h – k = – 2 .........(ii)
R C(h,k)
put in (i), we get h = h 2 x
o – 6
 k = h + 2  a = 2, b = 8 y =x
 a +b = 10 Ans. Q

2.47 x2 + y2 – 2x – 8 – 2a (y) = 0...(1)

 It is of the S + L = 0
 It will pass through the pints of intersection of
S : x2 + y2 – 2x – 8 = 0
L: y = 0
 P (–2, 0) and Q(4, 0)
equation of PQ is y = 0 ...(2)
It tangents at P and Q intersect at (h, k), then PQ is chord of contact of (h, k) whose equation is
x(h) + y(k) – (x + h) – a(y + k) – 8 = 0
 x(h – 1) + y(k – a) – (h + ak + 8) = 0 .....(3)
 (2) and (2) represent the same lime PQ.      h = 1, k – a = any constant and h + ak + 8 =0
 (h, k) lies on x + 2y + 5 = 0  h + 2k + 5 = 0
 k = – 3 as h = 1
 h + ak + 8 = 0
 a = 3
 the required member of the family is x2 + y2 – 2x – 6y – 8 = 0. Ans.

2.48 Let radius = r

 from figure 2  a2 = b + r ......(i)
Consider a point P (0,k) on the y-axis
M ( – r, 0) and N ( + r, 0)
A b
–k –k (0, a)
Now, slope of MP = , slope NP = r
–r  r
M (, 0) N
If MPN = 

k k
–
–r r 2kr
tan  = 2 =
1 k  – r 2  k2
2
2 – r 2
2kr
According to the given condition,  is a constant for any choice, . constant
 – r2  k2
2

r  2  a2 – b
i.e. = constant i.e. = constant (from equation (i))
 – r2  k2
2 2
2
 –  2 2
 a –b 2
 k 2

 2  a2 – b
i.e.
2b  2  a2 – a2 – b2  k 2

 2  a2 – b  a2  b2 – k 2 
= constant putting  
 2  a2 –   2b 

a2  b2 – k 2
which is possible only if  = b = b  k = ± a2 – b2
2b

 P  0, a 2
– b2 