Created by T.

Madas

TRIGONOMETRY
THE DOUBLE ANGLE IDENTITIES

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 1
Prove the validity of each of the following trigonometric identities.

a) sec θ cosec θ ≡ 2 cosec 2θ

b) tan θ + cot θ ≡ 2 cosec 2θ

1 − cos 2 x
c) ≡ tan x
sin 2 x

cos 2θ
d) ≡ cos θ + sin θ
cos θ − sin θ

cos 2 x sin 2 x
e) + ≡ cosec x
sin x cos x

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 2
Prove the validity of each of the following trigonometric identities.

a) cot 2 x + cosec 2 x ≡ cot x

b) cos 2 x + tan x sin 2 x ≡ 1

sin x 1
c) ≡ cot x
1 − cos x 2

2 tan θ
d) sin 2θ ≡
1 + tan 2 θ

1 1
e) − ≡ 2 sin θ sec 2θ
cos θ − sin θ cos θ + sin θ

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 3
Prove the validity of each of the following trigonometric identities.

tan 2θ − sin 2θ
a) ≡ 2sin 2 θ
tan 2θ

sec2 θ
b) ≡ sec 2θ
1 − tan 2 θ

1 − tan 2 θ
c) cos 2θ ≡
1 + tan 2 θ

d) 2 + 2cos 2θ ≡ 2 cos θ

e) tan 2θ sec θ ≡ 2sin θ sec 2θ

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 4
Prove the validity of each of the following trigonometric identities.

1 + tan 2 x
a) ≡ sec 2 x
1 − tan 2 x

b) cot x − tan x ≡ 2 cot 2 x

c) cosec2θ − cot 2θ ≡ tan θ

d) ( 3sin θ + 5cosθ )2 ≡ 17 + 8cos 2θ + 15sin 2θ

e) 2 cot 2θ + tan θ ≡ cot θ

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 5
Prove the validity of each of the following trigonometric identities.

2 tan x x
a) ≡ sec 2  
tan x + sin x 2

cot 2 x − 1
b) cot 2 x ≡
2 cot x

1
c) cosec θ − cot θ ≡ tan θ
2

2 tan x 2
d) 2 − 2 tan x − ≡ (1 − tan x )
tan 2 x

sin 2 x + sin x
e) ≡ tan x
cos 2 x + cos x + 1

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 6
Prove the validity of each of the following trigonometric identities.

2 tan 2 x
a) ≡ cosec 2 x
tan 2 x − sin 2 x

sec 2 x − 1
b) ≡ tan 2 x
sec 2 x + 1

c) tan A (1 + sec 2 A ) ≡ tan 2 A

cos 2 x − cos x + 1
d) ≡ cot x
sin 2 x − sin x

1 + cos x 1
e) ≡ cot 2 x
1 − cos x 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 7
Prove the validity of each of the following trigonometric identities.

a) 4cosec2 2θ − cosec2θ ≡ sec2θ

tan 2θ + sin 2θ
b) ≡ 2cos 2 θ
tan 2θ

c) ( cos x + sin x )( cosec x − sec x ) ≡ 2 cot 2 x

2sec2 θ − cos 2θ − 1
d) ≡ tan θ
2 tan θ + sin 2θ

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 8
Prove the validity of each of the following trigonometric identities.

a) 4cosec2 2θ − sec2θ ≡ cosec2 θ

1
b) 2 cos 4 θ + sin 2 2θ − 1 ≡ cos 2θ
2

cos 2 x
c) ≡ cos x − sin x
1 + sin 2 x

2 − 2 cos x x
d) ≡ sec
sin x 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 9
Prove the validity of each of the following trigonometric identities.

1 
a) 8cos 4  θ  ≡ cos 2θ + 4cos θ + 3
2 

b) 1 + sin 2θ ≡ sin θ + cos θ

1
c) sin 4 θ + cos 4 θ ≡
2
(
2 − sin 2 2θ )

1
d) sin 4 θ + cos 4 θ ≡ ( 3 + cos 4θ )
4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 10
Solve each of the following trigonometric equations.

a) sin 2θ = tan θ , 0 ≤ θ ≤ 180°

b) 2 sin 2 x = cos x , 0 ≤ x < 180°

c) sin 2 y + sin y = 0 , 0 ≤ y < 360°

d) 4sin ϕ cos ϕ = 1 , 0 ≤ϕ <π

θ = 0°, 45°, 135°, 180° , x = 90°, x ≈14.5°, 165.5° , y = 0°, 120°, 180°, 240° ,
π 5π
ϕ= ,
12 12

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 11
Solve each of the following trigonometric equations.

a) 2sin 2θ = cot θ , 0 ≤θ ≤π

b) 3sin 2 x = 2cos x , 0 ≤ x < 180°

c) sin 4 y = sin 2 y , 0 ≤ y < 180°

d) sin ϕ + 1 sec ϕ = 0 , 0 ≤ϕ <π

4

π π 5π 7π 11π
θ= , , , x = 90°, x ≈ 19.5°, 160.5° , y = 0°, 30°, 90°, 150° , ϕ = ,
6 2 6 12 12

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 12
Solve each of the following trigonometric equations.

a) cos θ − sin 2θ = 0 , 0 ≤ θ ≤ 360°

sin x cos x
b) + = 4, 0 ≤ x < 360°
cos x sin x

c) 2 cos y = 2 tan y sin y + sec y , 0 ≤ y < 2π

d) 2 cos ϕ + cosec ϕ = 0 , 0 ≤ ϕ < 2π

π 5π 7π 11π
θ = 30°, 90°, 150°, 270° , x = 15°, 75°, 195°, 255° , y = ,
, , ,
6 6 6 6
3π 7π
ϕ= ,
4 4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 13
Solve each of the following trigonometric equations.

a) 2 cos 2θ = 1 + cos θ , 0 ≤ θ < 360°

b) cos 2 x + 3sin x = 2 , 0 ≤ x < 360°

c) cos 2 y + sin y = 0 , 0 ≤ y < 360°

d) 2 (1 − cos 2ϕ ) = tan ϕ , 0 ≤ ϕ < 180°

θ = 0°, θ ≈ 138.6°, 221.4° , x = 30°, 90°, 150° , y = 90°, 210°, 330° ,

ϕ = 0°, 15°, 75°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 14
Solve each of the following trigonometric equations.

a) cos 2θ − 7sin θ − 4 = 0 , 0 ≤ θ < 360°

b) 3cos 2 x = sin x + 2 , 0 ≤ x < 360°

c) 3cos 2 y = 7 cos y , 0 ≤ y < 360°

d) cos 2ϕ = sin ϕ , 0 ≤ ϕ < 360°

θ = 210°, 330° , x ≈ 19.5°, 160.5° x = 210°, 330° , y ≈ 109.5°, 250.5° ,

ϕ = 30°, 150°, 270°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 15
Solve each of the following trigonometric equations.

a) 3cos 2θ − 5sin θ = 4 , 0 ≤ θ < 360°

b) 3cos 2 x = 1 − sin x , 0 ≤ x < 360°

c) cos 2 y − 7 cos y + 4 = 0 , 0 ≤ y < 360°

d) cos 2ϕ + 6cos ϕ + 5 = 0 , 0 ≤ ϕ < 360°

θ = 210°, 330° θ ≈ 199.5°, 340.5° , x ≈ 41.8°, 138.2° x = 210°, 330° ,

y = 60°, 300° , ϕ = 180°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 16
Solve each of the following trigonometric equations.

a) cos 2θ = 7 cos θ + 3 , 0 ≤ θ < 360°

b) 2 cos 2 x = 4 cos x − 3 , 0 ≤ x < 360°

c) 6 cos 2 y + 5cos y + 3 = 0 , 0 ≤ y < 360°

d) 5cos 2ϕ + 22sin ϕ = 9 , 0 ≤ ϕ < 360°

θ = 120°, 240° , x = 60°, 300° , y ≈ 70.5°, 138.6°, 221.4°, 289.5° , ϕ ≈ 11.5°, 168.5°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 17
Solve each of the following trigonometric equations.

a) cos 2θ + 9sin θ + 4 = 0 , 0 ≤ θ < 360°

b) 3cos 2 x = 9 − 14 cos x , 0 ≤ x < 360°

c) 2 cos 2 y + 7 cos y = 0 , 0 ≤ y < 360°

d) 2 cos 2ϕ = 1 − 2sin ϕ , 0 ≤ ϕ < 360°

θ = 210°, 330° , x ≈ 48.2°, 311.8° , y ≈ 75.5°, 284.5° , ϕ = 54°, 126°, 198°, 342°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 18
Solve each of the following trigonometric equations.

a) cos 2θ = 1 + sin θ , 0 ≤ θ < 360°

b) cos 2 x + 3cos x = 1 , 0 ≤ x < 2π

c) 3cos 2 y = 1 − sin y , 0 ≤ y < 360°

1 
d) 2 cos ϕ + 1 = sin  ϕ  , 0 ≤ ϕ < 360°
2 

π 5π
θ = 0°, 180°, 210°, 330° , x = ,, y ≈ 41.8°, 138.2° y = 210°, 330° ,
3 3
ϕ = 97.2°, 262.8°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 19
Solve each of the following trigonometric equations.

a) tan θ (1 + cos 2θ ) = 2sin 2 2θ , 0 ≤ θ ≤ 90°

b) 4 tan 2ϕ + 3cot ϕ sec 2 ϕ = 0 , 0 ≤ ϕ < 2π (hard)

π 2π 4π 5π
θ = 0°, 15°, 75°, 90° , ϕ = , , ,
3 3 3 3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 20
Show clearly that each of the following trigonometric equations has no real roots, regardless of
the solution interval.

a) cos 2θ = 23 + 14 cos θ

b) cos 2 x + cos x + 2 = 0

proof

Created by T. Madas