Created by T.

Madas

TRIGONOMETRY
MINOR TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 1
Simplify the following trigonometric expressions.
The final answer must not contain trigonometric fractions.

cosec x
a)
sin 3 x

cos θ
b)
sec 2 θ

2sin 2 x
c)
cosec x

sec2 θ
d)
2cos 2 θ

4
e)
3cot x

f) cot θ sec θ

cosec2θ tan 2 θ
g)
cos θ

h) cos θ tan θ

cosec4 x , cos3 θ , 2sin 3 x , 1 sec 4 θ , 4 tan x , cosecθ , sec3 θ , sin θ

2 3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 2
Simplify the following trigonometric expressions.
The final answer must not contain trigonometric fractions.

1 − sin 2 x
a)
sin 2 x

9
b)
tan 2 θ

cos 2 x
c)
sin 2 x

sin 2 x
d)
cos 4 x

e) cot x sec x cosec3 x

cot 2 x , 3cot θ , cot x , sec x tan x , cosec 2 x

Question 3
1 10
If cot θ = , show that cos θ = ± .
3 10

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 4
If secθ = 5 , show that tan θ = ± 24 .

proof

Question 5
Solve each of the following trigonometric equations.

a) secθ = 4 , 0 ≤ θ < 360°

b) 3cot 2 x − 1 = 4 , 0 ≤ x < 180°

c) 2 cosec 2 y = 10 , 0 ≤ y < 2π

d) 8 tan ϕ = cot 2 ϕ , 0 ≤ ϕ < 2π

θ ≈ 75.5°, 284.5° , x ≈ 15.5°, 105.5° , y ≈ 0.10c , 1.47 c , 3.24c , 4.61c ,

ϕ ≈ 0.46c , 3.61c

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 6
Solve each of the following trigonometric equations.

a) 2secθ = 3 , 0 ≤ θ < 360°

1
b) cot 3 x = , −90° ≤ x < 90°
4

c) 5 − cosec 2 y = −1 , 0 ≤ y < 2π

d) 27sin 2 ϕ + 8cosec ϕ = 0 , 0 ≤ ϕ < 2π

θ ≈ 48.2°, 311.8° , x ≈ −34.7°, 25.3°, 85.3° ,

y ≈ 0.0837c , 1.49c , 3.23c , 4.63c , ϕ ≈ 3.87c , 5.55c

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 7
Solve each of the following trigonometric equations.

a) 3sec 2θ = 7 , 0 ≤ θ < 180°

b) 2cot ( x − 30° ) = 3 , 0 ≤ x < 360°

c) 5 − 2cosec3 y = 9 , 0≤ y <π

d) 27 cos ϕ = sec 2 ϕ , 0 ≤ ϕ < 2π

7π 11π
θ ≈ 32.3°, 147.7° , x ≈ 63.7°, 243.7° , y= , , ϕ ≈ 1.23c , 5.05c
18 18

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 8
Solve each of the following trigonometric equations.

a) 2secθ − 1 = 9 , 0 ≤ θ < 360°

b) 2 + 3cot ( x − 20° ) = 8 , 0 ≤ x < 360°

c) 14 − 3cosec 2 y = 5 , 0≤ y <π

1
d) 4sin 3 ϕ + cosec2 ϕ = 0 , 0 ≤ ϕ < 2π
8

7π 11π
θ ≈ 78.5°, 281.5° , x ≈ 46.6°, 226.6° , y ≈ 0.170c , 1.40c , ϕ = ,
6 6

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 9
Solve each of the following trigonometric equations.

a) 2secθ − 1 = 2secθ sin 2 θ , 0 ≤ θ < 180° , θ ≠ 90°

b) cos x cot x + sin x + 2cot x = 0 , 0 < x < 360°, x ≠ 180°

π
c) ( cosec y − sin y ) sec2 y = 2 , 0 ≤ y <π, y ≠
2

d) cosec ϕ − sin ϕ + 2cos 2 ϕ cot ϕ = 0 , 0 < ϕ < 2π , ϕ ≠ π

π 5π π 2π 4π 3π
θ = 60° , x = 120°, 240° , y= , , ϕ= , , ,
6 6 2 3 3 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 10
Solve each of the following trigonometric equations.

a) secθ + cos θ = 5 , 0 ≤ θ < 360° , θ ≠ 90°, 270°

2

b) sec x − cos x = 8 ( cosec x − sin x ) , 0 ≤ x < 360° , x ≠ 90°

kπ
c) 2 cot y − 3cosec y = 2sec y cosec y , 0 < y < 2π , y ≠ , k ∈»
2

π 3π
d) (1 + sec ϕ )(1 − cos ϕ ) = tan ϕ , 0 ≤ ϕ < 2π , ϕ ≠ ,
2 2

cosec2ψ tan 2 ψ
e) +8 = 0, 0 ≤ ψ < 360° , ψ ≠ 90°, 270°
cosψ

2π 4π
θ = 60°,300° , x = 63.4°, 243.6° , y = , , ϕ = 0, π , ψ = 120°, 240°
3 3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 11 (hard questions)

Solve each of the following trigonometric equations.

π 3π
a) 2sin θ + 3secθ = 6 + tan θ , 0 ≤ θ < 2π , θ ≠ ,
2 2

b) sin 2 x tan x + cos 2 x cot x + 2sin x cos x = 2 , 0 < x < 360°, x ≠ 90°,180°, 270°

you may use in this part the fact that 2sin x cos x ≡ sin 2 x

c) sin y (1 + tan y ) + cos y (1 + cot y ) = 0 , 0 < y < 360°, y ≠ 90°,180°, 270°

4
d) = cot ϕ , 0 < ϕ < 2π , ϕ ≠ π
2sec ϕ − 2sin ϕ + 1

cotψ cosψ π 3π
e) − = 2, 0 < ψ < 2π , ψ ≠ ,π ,
cosecψ − 1 1 + sinψ 2 2

cot β cosec β − 1
f) + = 4, 0 ≤ x < 360°, x ≠ 90°,180°, 270°
cosec β − 1 cot β

π 5π π 5π π 5π
ϕ= , , x = 45°, 225° , y = 135°,315° , ϕ = , , ψ = , ,
3 3 6 6 4 4
β = 60°,300°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 12
Prove the validity of each of the following trigonometric identities.

a) ( 2cos x + sin x )2 + ( cos x − 2sin x )2 ≡ 5

b) cos x sin x ( cot x + tan x ) ≡ 1

c) cot x + tan x ≡ sec x cosec x

d) secθ − secθ sin 2 θ ≡ cos θ

e) (1 − sin θ )(1 + cosec θ ) ≡ cos θ cot θ

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 13
Prove the validity of each of the following trigonometric identities.

a) cos x + sin x tan x ≡ sec x

b) cosec x − sin x ≡ cos x cot x

sin x sin x
c) − ≡ 2 tan 2 x
1 − sin x 1 + sin x

d) ( cosecθ − sin θ ) sec2 θ ≡ cosecθ

e) cosec x sec2 x ≡ cosec x + tan x sec x

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 14
Prove the validity of each of the following trigonometric identities.

1 1
a) 2
+ ≡1
1 + sin θ 1 + cosec2θ

b) (1 − cos x )(1 + sec x ) ≡ sin x tan x

( )
c) sec2θ cot 2 θ − cos 2 θ ≡ cot 2 θ

cosec x − sin x
d) ≡ sec x
cos 2 x cot x

sec x − cos x
e) ≡ tan 3 x
cosec x − sin x

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 15
Prove the validity of each of the following trigonometric identities.

a) sec2 θ cos5 θ + cot θ cosecθ sin 4 θ ≡ cos θ

1 + sin x cos x
b) ≡
cos x 1 − sin x

tan A − cot B
c) ≡ tan A cot B
tan B − cot A

cot θ cos θ
d) − ≡ 2 tan θ
cosec θ − 1 1 + sin θ

e)
(1 + sec x )(1 − cos x ) ≡ sin x
tan x

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 16
Prove the validity of each of the following trigonometric identities.

a) ( sec θ − cos θ )( cosec θ − sin θ ) ≡ sin θ cos θ

cos x sin x
b) ≡
1 + cot x 1 + tan x

1 + sin θ 2
c) ≡ ( secθ + tan θ )
1 − sin θ

sin θ 1 + cos θ
d) + ≡ 2 cosec θ
1 + cos θ sin θ

cos x 1 − sin x
e) + ≡ 2 sec x
1 − sin x cos x

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 17
Prove the validity of each of the following trigonometric identities.

a) ( tan θ + cot θ )( sin θ + cos θ ) ≡ sec θ + cosec θ

b) cos3 θ + sin 3 θ ≡ ( cos θ + sin θ )(1 − sin θ cos θ )

1 1 2secθ
c) + ≡
cos θ − sin θ cos θ + sin θ 1 − tan 2 θ

2sin x cos x − cos x

d) ≡ cot x
1 − sin x + sin 2 x − cos 2 x

e) sin 2 θ tan θ + cos 2 θ cot θ + 2sin θ cos θ ≡ tan θ + cot θ

f) sin θ (1 + tan θ ) + cos θ (1 + cot θ ) ≡ sec θ + cosec θ

Created by T. Madas