Soil Mechanic

Effective Stress

My name is Ariel Aryasatya from 3KBS3 absent number 5. I want to

present my drawing about effective stress in soils. Before I go to effective stress I
want to explain about the part of soil which connects to effective stress. In this
drawing is named saturated soils which means the soils are contain particle of
soils itself, voids are contain with water and void. The second drawing is diagram
of soils which are contain with three phases. The most many particle in soils is
soil itself. In the second and third are water and air. Different with saturated soil,
dry soils have little bit different comparing with saturated soils. The structure is
almost same, but the different is in the water particles. If in saturated soils exist,
but in dry soils don’t exist.

Now I will talk about structure of the soil to effective press which are
connected each others. From this drawing we know those two section are
contained with dry soils and saturated soils. Effective press occurs from weight
and force from soils itself. The principle is soil load itself , so what happened in
this area is the first section as dry soil will load the second section as saturated
soil. Terzaghi had said effective press is the stress normal section of the soil is
equal to the sum of the inter-granular stress transmitted through the water
contained soil. So we can conclude that effective press are from soil itself which
containing water in the soil. The conclusion is effective press can be formulated as
pressure from soil minus pressure from water.

The fourth drawing is explain how the forces work in soil. We can see the
are two forces. First forces are vertical forces and second forces are horizontal
forces. These forces have a effect for effective press. The Vertical forces will
effect to effective forces and the horizontal forces will effect to lateral force or the
other name is shear force.

The fifth drawing is a strain diagram. The effective press will result strains
in the soil. We can see this diagram will occur when soil is loaded by load on the
soil itself or we can say as effective press. The shape of the strain diagram is
rectangular. The first section explains the strain diagram because of soil in the
first section. The second section which the shape is rectangular because of the
weight of soil at the first section. The third section which the shape is triangular
because of pressure from soils at the second section. The last section which is the
shape is triangular because the pressure from water. Why the shape is triangular.
Because the most powerfull forces in soils will occur in the bottom or base of the
soil, if in the top there is nothing why?, because soils are load nothing.