The characteristics of a transient pipe flow influence the dynamic performance of an oil

hydraulic system. It is thus important to clarify transient flow in an oil hydraulic pipeline. This
topic has been studied by many researchers. A model which considers transient two
dimensional laminar flow predicts experimental results accurately and is therefore often
used (Goodson and Leonard, 1972). There have been two basic approaches based on this
model for determining the dynamic response of a liquid pipeline: an analytical method
developed by Brown (1962) which utilizes Laplace transformation, and a computer
simulation developed by Zielke (1968) using the method of characteristics. The effect of fluid
viscosity is completely taken into account by including a frequency-dependent friction term
at the wall. Zielke related the headloss due to the friction to the instantaneous mean
velocity and to weighted past velocity changes.

A hydraulic transient is a flow condition where the velocity and pressure change rapidly with
time. The occurrence of transients can introduce large pressure forces and rapid fluid
accelerations into a water distribution system. When flow velocity changes rapidly because a
flow control component changes status (for example, a valve closing or pump stop), it causes
the change to move through the system as a pressure wave. Hydraulic transient can cause
hydraulic equipments in a pipe network to fail, if adequate transient control measures are
not in place to overcome the transient (if the pressure wave is strong enough).

Due to the devastating effects that a hydraulic transient can cause, its analysis is very
important in determining the values of transient pressures that can result from flow control
operations and to establish the design criteria for system equipment and devices so as to
provide an acceptable level of protection against system failure due to pipe collapse or
bursting.

Numerical models are used to analyse hydraulic transients due to the complexity of the
equations needed to describe the transients. An effective numerical model allows the
hydraulic engineer to analyse potential transient events and to identify and evaluate
alternative solutions for controlling hydraulic transients, thereby protecting the integrity of
the hydraulic system.
De nos jours, il est admis qu’un écoulement en régime transitoire est caractérisé par des surpressions
suivies de d´éparessions dans le temps pouvant conduire inéluctablement à une fatigue des matériaux et
éventuellement à une rupture prématurée des conduites [1].

Dans le système hydraulique en charge, les variations de pression causées par des
changements de régime plus ou moins rapides, voire brusques, entraînent des contraintes
sur les matériels qui dépassent largement celles du régime stationnaire ou permanent. Le
dimensionnement d’une ligne d’adduction ou de refoulement se trouve donc affecté par ces
valeurs extrêmes, s’est d’autant plus vraie dans le cas des stations de refoulement des eaux
usée ; puisque leurs pompes sont fréquemment et périodiquement démarrées et arrêtées
dans des conditions d’urgence. Des systèmes sont soumis à des conditions extrêmes
auxquelles ils doivent, dans la mesure du possible résisté [2].

Dans ce travail nons allons essayons de développer un programme qui traitai l’influence du
terme de frottement Sisuki en écoulement instationaires dans une conduite