Summary Review Of The Current Application Of Neural Network To The Area Of Process Safety And Control

RESEARCH
AUTHOR YEAR TITLE METHOD FINDINGS CONCLUSION FUTURE WORKS
AIM
Zhang et 2020 Bidirectiona A bidirectional In the offline Tennessee The BiRNN Historical data are
al., l Recurrent RNN (BiRNN) stage, Eastman architecture is required to be labeled
Neural was employed historical process, the equipped with by experts, which is a
Network- to construct process data benchmark sophisticated heavy workload.
Based FDD models are collected Tennessee RNN cells to Combining little
Chemical with and Eastman (TE) synergistically labeled historical fault
Process sophisticated preprocessed process, was improve the data and much
Fault RNN cells. into sample utilized to FDD unlabeled historical
Diagnosis When applied matrices. verify the performance. data to form a
to the Instructed by effectiveness To overcome semisupervised
benchmark supervised of the proposed the drawbacks training method can
Tennessee learning, data RNN-based of SRU, LSTM be a future research
Eastman are required to FDD models in and direction.
Process, be annotated this study. GRU is
BiRNN-based with labels Even though introduced to
FDD models indicating the the TE process learn long-term
exhibited a fault type. contains 28 dependencies in
dramatically Thus, the different chemical
impressive collected disturbances process data
performance, historical data (fault types), and achieve a
demonstrating is labeled with only IDV 01 – higher FDR.
the fault types IDV 20 were With an
effectiveness through the selected to be additional
of cooperation of diagnosed. All backward
implementing experts, data were RNN, BiRNN
 BiRNN in operators, and simulated and facilitates the
chemical inspectors, collected using perception of
process fault based on MATLAB variable
diagnosis process 2016. deviations over
standards. To Fault all time points,
avoid false Diagnosis particularly
fault type Results, when a fault
labels. The combining the has just
collected data results FDR happened; this
and labels are and FDT, it extraordinarily
then divided can be increases FDR
into a train concluded that and
data set and a the BiRNN- brings forward
test data set. based models FDT.
Subsequently, can detect and
the designed diagnose faults
RNN-based earlier than
FDD model is their UniRNN-
trained and based
tested on the counterparts
obtained data and
sets. Once a outperforms
satisfactory the FDRs of
FDD other state-of-
performance is the-art models,
achieved on demonstrating
the test data their
set, the train outstanding
RNN model performance.
will go into Insight into
service in the RNN-based
 online stage. models,
Otherwise, the UniGRU was
RNN model not able to
will be react quickly to
redesign, the occurrence
retrained, and of fault four
retested. and exhibited
In the online an inferior
stage, real- performance
time data are during early
collected and time periods
preprocessed for those
into sample ambiguous
matrices. The variable
trained RNN- deviations. In
based FDD contrast,
model BiGRU could
transforms perceive and
sample memorize
matrices into variable
categorical deviations over
probabilities. all time points
The DFF result to classify
is the category correctly, even
that has the at early time
maximum periods.
probability—
assembling
different RNN
cells (SRU,
LSTM, and
 GRU) into
each UniRNN
or BiRNN
layer.
Peng et 2020 Batch The real This paper 1) Through The The experimental
al., processes fermentation using the BLS experiments, it hyperparameter results also show that
fault process method based can be found s and complex the effectiveness and
detection for contains a on soft that the AP- network practicability of the
multi-stage large number partition AP; BLS proposed structures of AP-BLS model are
broad of complex -stage partition in this paper deep neural superior to other
learning physical and based on has better networks are models. The fast and
system chemical improved AP precision than time- accurate deep neural
processes. -multi-batch the traditional consuming in network may open a
Based on the weighted PCA and ICA the training and new pathway to
standard fusion methods, testing. The resolve the problems
simulation -silhouette especially the BLS network involved in the paper,
platform criterion for lower false can further and more work will be
pensim (Birol, stage soft alarm rate. partially resolve done on this topic in
Undey, and partition. 2)through the such problems the future.
Cinar, 2002)of -multi-stage phase division, and can meet
the penicillin BLS modeling three stable the
production -offline phases and two requirements of
process, the training transition rapid modeling
impact of -online phases are in the industrial
minor faults on monitoring obtained, fields.
the target which
product during accorded with
the production the growth and
process is extinction of
demonstrated. microorganism
s during the
 real penicillin
fermentation
process, which
proved that the
results of this
phase are
correct.
3) compared
with the typical
deep neural
network
LSTM, the
real-time
online
monitoring
response of
AP-BLS
proposed in
this paper is
much faster
than LSTM
and AP-LSTM
under the
condition that
there is no
significant
difference in
monitoring
accuracy. For
microbial
fermentation
 processes with
rapidly
changing
production
conditions,
AP-BLS can
realize online
applications
more quickly.
Wu et al., 2020 Process In this work, The first It is The partially- Improved closed-loop
structure- physics-based method is to demonstrated connected and performances in terms
based RNN RNN modeling develop a that the the weight- of faster convergence
modeling approaches are hybrid model LEMPC using constrained to the steady-state
for model proposed for a that integrates the partially- RNN models under RNN-MPC and
predictive general class first-principles connected were then enhanced process
control of of nonlinear models with RNN model utilized in economic profits
nonlinear dynamic RNN models. and the weight- RNN-MPC and under RNN-EMPC
processes process The second constrained RNN-EMPC than the controllers
systems to method is RNN model and applied to a using a fully-
improve to develop a economically chemical connected RNN
prediction partially- outperform that process model.
accuracy by connected under the example, from
incorporating a RNN structure fully-connected which it was
priori process using a priori RNN model demonstrated
knowledge. knowledge of due to better that the open-
Especially a process input- prediction loop and
hybrid output accuracy in closed-loop
modeling relationship. the stability prediction
method is first Lastly, a region. performances
introduced to weight- Therefore, under the
integrate first- constrained through both LMPC and the
 principles RNN model is open-loop and LEMPC using
models and developed by closed- the above two
RNN models. imposing loop RNN models
constraints on simulations, outperformed
the neural we those under the
network demonstrate LMPC and
weights based that the LEMPC using a
on the input- physics-based fully-connected
output RNN RNN model in
relationship models achieve terms of higher
of the desired prediction
nonlinear approximation accuracy,
system performance smoother state
for the CSTR trajectories, and
process of Eq. better economic
(13) and benefits.
provide
reliable state
predictions for
model-
based
predictive
controllers.
Zhang et 2019 Real-time This work This work A neural In the first case It is important to note
al optimization demonstrates presents a network model study, a CSTR that the two
and control the method for was combined with reversible simulation studies
of nonlinear implementatio combining only with the exothermic only demonstrated
processes n of a hybrid neural network steady-state reaction was how the proposed
using ML approach of models with first-principles utilized to approach could be
combining a first-principles model, not the analyze the applied and provided
first-principles models in real- dynamic performance of some type of proof of
 model and a time model. integrating the on the use of hybrid
neural network optimization Additionally, it neural models in RTO and
model in the (RTO) and was network model MPC, but certainly,
RTO and MPC model demonstrated and first- both examples yield
optimization predictive that the steady- principles limited
problems. control (MPC) states model in RTO conclusions and
Specifically, and calculated by and MPC. cannot substitute for
the nonlinear demonstrates RTO using a Specifically, a an
part of the the application combination of neural network industrial/experimenta
first-principles to two models was was firs l implementation to
model is chemical very close to built to evaluate the
replaced by a process the steady-state represent the the proposed
neural network examples. values in the nonlinear approach, which
model to First, the Aspen reaction rate. would be the subject
represent the proposed simulator, An RTO was of future work.
complex, methodology which means designed to find
nonlinear term that integrates that the the operating
in a nonlinear a neural combination of steady-state
process network model the neural providing the
and a first- network model optimal balance
principles and first- between the
model principles energy cost and
in the model was of reactant
optimization high conversion.
problems of accuracy. The Then, an LMPC
RTO and MPC neural network was designed to
are discussed. model was stabilize the
Then, two used to process to the
chemical represent the optimal
process phase operating
examples are equilibrium condition. A
presented. properties for variation in
RTO energy price
to calculate the was introduced,
optimal steady- and the
state in this simulation
work. Neural results
network demonstrated
models can be that RTO
useful when minimized the
the operation cost
phase and
equilibrium is yielded a
highly closed-loop
nonlinear such performance
that the first- that was very
principles close to the one
model is attained by
inaccurate. RTO/MPC
using the
first-principles
model. In the
second case
study, a
distillation
column was
studied to
demonstrate an
application to a
large-scale
chemical
process.
Christofid 2019 A cyber- Feasible Working with With the On top of the Designing a new
es et al., secure mitigation a general class stabilizing stabilizing advanced detection
control- practices using of lower-tier PI lower-tier scheme coupled with
detector control nonlinear controllers, the controllers, the robust control
architecture strategies after systems, an upper-tier upper-tier architecture to cyber-
for the upper-tier LMPC can be LMPC attacks can provide a
nonlinear occurrence of Lyapunov- turned off once contributed resilient solution to
process attacks has not based Model the to a better addressing this gap.
yet been Predictive detection of an closed-loop
explored. In Controller attack is performance by
light of these (LMPC), using confirmed (i.e., using a
gaps, the networked a = 0 for the networked
contributions sensor remainder of sensor
of this work measurements the Measurements
are as follows: to improve closed-loop that may be
(a) closed-loop simulation) vulnerable to
construction of performance, such that the cyber-attacks.
data-based is coupled with false control A neural
machine- lower-tier actions network-based
learning cyber-secure calculated by detector is
detection explicit the upper-tier integrated with
algorithms feedback LMPC will not the two-tier
which can controllers to act as a control
effectively drive a disturbance to architecture
detect multiple the nonlinear the closed-loop such that the
classes of multivariable system. control system
intelligent process to its The can be
cyber-attacks; steady state. effectiveness reconfigured to
(b) design of Although the of this stabilize the
a robust networked mitigation the process at
control sensor strategy is the original
architecture to measurements illustrated in steady-state
promptly may be our simulation upon detection
contain and vulnerable to results, where of a cyber-
eliminate the cyber-attacks, the true plant attack. Four
impact of the two-tier states are feed-forward
cyber-attacks control driven back to neural networks
by architecture their were
reconfiguring ensures that operating trained and
the control the process steady states tested under
system; and will stay using the nominal and
(c) application immune to stabilizing noisy operating
of the destabilizing lower-tier PI conditions, all
proposed malicious controllers of which
detection and cyber-attacks. despite the achieved a
mitigation Data-based sudden jumps detection
schemes to a attack or gradual accuracy of
benchmark detectors are deviations over 91%.
multivariable developed caused by
nonlinear using sensor cyber-attacks.
process measurements
example, via machine
which is a pro learning
cess methods,
example namely
widely used in artificial neural
literature to networks
test the (ANN), under
performance of nominal and
new noisy
control system operating
designs. conditions, and
 applied online
to a simulated
reactor-
reactor-
separator pro
cess.
Wu et al., 2019 Model A general A high-fidelity Extensive Based on the Refers using other
predictive framework for two- closed-loop RNN models tools to develop MPC
control of linking a state- dimensional simulation derived from an with an ensemble
phthalic of-the-art axisymmetric results revealed ensemble regression model via
anhydride computational heterogeneous that the neural regression, an the optimization
synthesis in fluid dynamics CFD model for network MPC control package for variation
a fixed-bed (CFD) solver, an industrial- model-based scheme was results.
catalytic ANSYS scale FBR is MPC without developed to
reactor via Fluent, and developed in additional drive
ML other ANSYS integral or the process
modeling. computing Fluent. Next, deviation outputs to the
platforms the CFD model control term is desired set-
using the lock is used to able to track points and
synchronizatio explore a wide the PA suppress
n mechanism operating concentration the magnitude
in an effort to regime of the at the of the hot-spot
extend the FBR to create outlet to any temperature to
utilities of a set-point avoid catalyst
CFD solvers database, from within the deactivation.
from strictly which range of the The CFD
modeling and recurrent training dataset model, the
design to also neural network with no offset ensemble
control and and ensemble due to the regression and
optimize learning advantages of a the
applications. techniques are neural network MPC were
used to derive model integrated to
a to capture the create a closed-
homogeneous nonlinearity of loop system by
ensemble the system in a linking
regression wide range of ANSYS Fluent
model using a operating to MPC
state-of-the-art conditions and optimizer in
application reduce Python via a
program process/model message-
interface mismatch. Due passing
(API), i.e., to interface (MPI)
Keras. Then, a space with lock
model limitations, in synchronization
predictive the present mechanism.
control (MPC) manuscript, we Finally, the
formulation only included closed-loop
that the closed-loop simulation
is designed to simulation results
drive the results for the demonstrated
process output largest set- the
to the desired point robustness and
set-point and change within effectiveness of
suppress the the range the proposed
magnitude included in the approach.
of the hot-spot database.
temperature to
avoid catalyst
deactivation is
developed
using the
ensemble
 regression
model.
Subsequently,
the CFD
model, the
ensemble
regression
model and the
MPC is
combined to
create a
closed-loop
system by
linking
ANSYS Fluent
to SciPy (a
Python
library used for
scientific
computing) via
a message-
passing
interface (MPI)
with a clock
synchronizatio
n mechanism.