1.

Indian Standard
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF
SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS IN SOILS (OTHER
THAN RAFT, RING AND SHELL)
(Second Revision)
IS:1080-1985

Observation made in this code book pertaining design construction are:

1. In shallow foundations wherever the resultant of the load deviates from the centre line
by more than l/6 of its least dimension at the base of footing, it should be suitably
reinforced.
2. For continuous wall foundations (plain or reinforced) adequate reinforcement should
be provided particularly at places where there is abrupt change in magnitude of load
or variation in ground support.
3. On sloping sites, the foundation should have a horizontal bearing and stepped and
lapped at changes of levels for a distance at least equal to the thickness of foundation
or twice the height of step whichever is greater. The steps should not be of greater
height than thickness of the foundations.
4. 5 Dimensions of Foundation 4.5.1 The dimensions of the foundation in plan should be
such as to support loads as given in IS: 1904-1985*. The width of the footings shall
be such that maximum stress in the concrete or masonry is within the permissible
limits. The width of wall foundation shall not be less than that given by:
B = W + 30 cm w
here B = width at base in cm, and W = width of supported wall in cm
5. Ground Beams - The foundation can also have the ground beam for transmitting the
load. The ground beam carrying a load bearing wall should be designed to act with the
wall forming a composite beam, when both are of reinforced concrete and structurally
connected by reinforcement. The ground beam of reinforced concrete structurally
connected to reinforced brick work can also be used.
2.
Indian Standard
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF RAFT
FOUNDATIONS
PART I DESIGN
(Second Revision)
IS: 2950 (Part I) -1981

Observation made in this code book:

1. For fairly small and uniform column spacing and when the supporting soil is not
too compressible, a flat concrete slab having uniform thickness throughout ( a true
mat) is most suitable

2. The slab may be thickened under heavily loaded columns to provide adequate
strength for shear and negative moment. Pedestals may also be provided in such
cases

3. A slab and beam type of raft is likely to be more economical for large column
spacing and unequal column loads, particularly when the supporting soil is very
compressible

4. For very heavy structures, provision of cellular raft or rigid frames consisting of
slabs and basement walls may be considered.
3.
Indian Standard
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR LAYING
AND FIXING OF SLOPED ROOF COVERING
IS:5119 (Part I)-1968
Observation made in this code book pertaining design construction are:
1. As far as possible, hipped roof shall be adopted. The slope of the roof may vary from
220 to 30o. It is also advisable to adopt slates of size 60 x 30 cm when the slope of the
roof is 220, size of 50’ x 25 cm when the slope of 270. and size of 40 x 20 cm when
the slope is 300
2. Ridges and Hips -Galvanized steel sheet ridge and hip pieces shall be used and these
shall be fixed with roofing screws, limpet and washers, which are preferably dipped in
anticorrosive bituminous paint conforming to IS: 158-19657. Corresponding holes in
the slates below the hip or ridge pieces shall be made to receive the screws. These
ridge or hip pieces shall have an overlap of 7.5 cm over the slates. The thickness of
GS sheets shall preferably be 0.63 or 0.80 mm.
3. Valleys-The valleys shall be formed by laying lead or galvanized steel sheet gutter on
boarding fixed in the valley bottom. The gutter shall extend for 20 cm on each side of
the valley line, the edges being turned over to form beaded edges and shall be fixed
down by nails with corresponding suitable holes in the slates. The slates shall be cut
to shape and shall be fixed with a lap of 7.5 cm over the gutter. The edges of the slates
shall be made true and the face of the edges shall be chisel dressed. For the tools used
for cutting of the slates, reference may be made to IS: 1129-1959*
4.
Indian Standard
TIMBER DOOR, WINDOW AND VENTILATOR
FRAMES - SPECIFICATION
(Third Revision)
IS 4O21: 1995

Observation made in this code book pertaining construction and workmanship:

1. Timber shall be sawn in the direction of grain. Sawing shall be truly straight and
square. The scantling shall be planed Smooth and accurate to the full dimensions,
rebates, etc., before assembly. The surface touching the walls may not be planed
unless it is required to straighten up the member or to obtain the overall size within
the specified tolerances. Patching or plugging of any kind shall not be permitted
except as provided herein.
2. All members of frame shall be exactly at right angles. The right-angle shall be
checked from the inside surfaces of the respective members.
3. Frames of timber doors, windows and ventilators shall be assembled by any of
following simple, neat and strong joints:
a) Single dovetail joint b) Closed mortice and Tenon joint

c)Haunched mortice and Tenon joint

5.
Indian Standard
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF
WOOD STAIRS FOR HOUSESCODE OF PRACTICE
(Second Revision)
IS 1634: 1992

Observation made in this code book pertaining general dimensions and arrangement are:
1. Headroom
The stairs shall be so designed as to provide for a headroom of at least 2.2 m as
measured vertically from ceiling, soffit, etc., to the pitch line, and also provide for a
clearance of at least 1.5 m at right angle to the line.
2. Pitch
The pitch shall be not more than 370
3. Going and Rise
 The going shall be not less than 250 mm
 The height of riser shall not exceed 190 mm
 The rise and going shall be the same for all steps in any one flight.
 he going and rise shall conform to the following empirical rules:
a. The value ‘2*R + G’ shall be between 530 and 630 mm;
b. The value ‘R x G’ shall be between 40 x IO3 mm3 and 50 x 10” mm3
where R is the rise, and G is the going.
4. Treads shall be not less than 270 mm in width. Their nosings shall project beyond the
face of risers by not less than 15 mm and not more than the thickness of tread, and the
profile of the nosing shall be rounded from the top surface. The radius of the nose
should not exceed 100 mm. The treads shall be constructed and maintained in a
manner to prevent slipping.
5. Width of Stairs
The width of stairs clear between inside to inside of the end strings shall be not less
than 1.0 m.
6. Width of Landing
The width of landing shall be not less than the width of stairs.
7. Length of Flights
The number of risers in any one flight shall be not more than 12.
8. Winders
Winders shall be avoided as far as practicable. Winders, wherever provided, shall be
at the bottom of the flight. Three winders shall be arranged to occupy a quarter space
and six to occupy, a half space.
9. Height of Hand-Rail
The vertical height from the pitch-line to the top of any sloping hand-rail shall be not
less than 1.0 m.