Rizal Technological University College of Education: The Problem and Its Background

1 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
Chapter I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
Being able to communicate effectively is one of the fundamental life skills.
Communication enables us to provide and gather information at the same
time; it could be done through verbal and nonverbal means, such as speech or
oral communication, writing, signs, or behavior (Nordquist, 2019). In
communicating, there is also what we call ‘verbal’ and ‘non-verbal’
communication. Verbal communication is the process of conveying one’s
message using words that includes written and spoken communication. On
the other hand, non-verbal communication is a form of communication which
does not involve written and spoken words. It means that it focuses more on
the body language, facial expression, eye contact, body language, posture
and other nonverbal communication methods (Doyle, 2020).
According to Nations (2020), Facebook is a social networking platform where
users can leave comments, share photos, and share links to news or other
interesting material on the internet, as well as chat live and watch short-form
video. It was developed to let people stay connected with their family, friends,
even acquaintances and strangers all over the world. Facebook introduces
their newest reactions and it serves as an extension to the like button. With the
Facebook's new ‘Reactions’, users can now choose between the following
reactions: like, love, haha, wow, sad, and angry. Facebook is the central way
to get updates about your friends, family and even updates on what's
happening around you, by that FB Reactions have great impact in knowing
what the audience is feeling, just as when someone likes a post, or if someone
uses a reaction it will infer the feeling they want to infer by just merely hitting
the different emotions or if they still want to see that kind of post.
In a study conducted by Tian, Dulcinati, Molimpakis, Sun, and Galery (2017),
Facebook allowed users to easily share their reactions or opinions through
emojis. But in turn, people have to be more aware of how their reactions affect
people. If there is a mismatch between the overall reactions (Likes) and the
comments, these are likely not direct reflections of the reactors' emotions.
Mainly researchers had pointed that online positivity bias is a result of
prevailing social norms. However, this does not mean that negative reactions
are not prevalent. Although positivity bias is apparent, popular online creators
are criticized once they post their life in public (social media). There is a thin
line as to how reactions can be perceived as criticism and not online bashing.
At the same time, users need to carefully weigh the appropriateness of doing
so within the variety in a social context that different platforms present.
Reactions on FB helps the creator better understand how people are

responding on the content. These reactions can be used to show and express
the emotional conversation online and does not require spoken or written
words. It does not limit the user's responses to every post that they can see. It
is very important to keep in mind that many things influence the reaction that
people want to use. People use the FB Reactions to communicate what they
feel about a certain post and to express sentiments based on the shared
content.
Nowadays, Facebook (FB) has now become an acceptable platform for
educational purposes. The aim of this research was to look at how students
reacted to using Facebook reactions as a means of communication.
Theoretical Framework
Theoretical Communication: New forms of channels have emerged with the
development of internet. The latest channels and platforms for people to
communicate are Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, YouTube, etc. These
channels help them to get necessary information and interact with other
people. Social networks have become a natural environment in which users
express their feelings and opinions through social media, and this includes
Facebook (FB) reactions. Bonfil and Lopez, 2019 stated that, FB reactions
have become a part of the mainstream communication which serves as a

substitute to face to face facial expression, gestures, and body language
which show the emotional state, mood, or affective nuances of an individual.
In 1986, a theory about media richness was introduced by Richard L. Draft
and Robert H. Lengel. Media Richness Theory or MRT states that media has
the ability to transmit needed information. MRT has been used in a great deal
of media research and has been widely used in understanding communication
theory. In this theory, Facebook reactions fulfil the criteria of the ability of
communication channel in conveying personality such as showing personal
emotion state, mood, or affective nuances of an individual. MRT states that
different mediums — in-person, video conferencing, phone calls, text — have
different richness of signal. Talking about how 'rich' a source of communication
is, it refers to the information that is being transferred from the sender to the
receiver.
Emoticons and emoji are the best adaptation that we have to this era of text-
based communication. The usage of symbol and language is highly needed in
communication to make it effective and understandable. (S. Chairunnisa and
B. A.S., 2017)
In accordance to the study, the researchers wanted to know how Facebook
reactions such as like, ‘heart’, ‘haha’, ‘wow’, ‘sad’, and ‘angry’ allow individuals
to use this as a form of communication in expressing their feelings and
emotions towards a certain post. Since Media Richness Theory has the ability
to transmit the needed information, this will help the study to find out if the
creator has done their role in disseminating information or message to the
readers of the post. Also, if the Facebook reactions have done its purpose to
be considered as a tool of communication.
Media richness theory is great for conveying messages to a single person,
media are fit to different communication purposes and Facebook reactions are
one of these medium we use to communicate with people. When thinking of
how rich a source of communication is, it refers to the amount of information
that the sender conveys to the receiver. Facebook reactions belong to the
medium that are used in communicating, Media Richness Theory can help
people use the right means to deliver messages to others.
Conceptual Framework
The major concept of this study was focused on determining the factors that
affect the students’ response to the posts that they see or read online. And the
way they communicate using “Facebook Reactions”.
This section will show the graphic representation of what the research is all
about.
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Figure no. 1 Conceptual Framework
The researchers adapted this conceptual framework from Media Richness
theory which explains that media has the ability to transmit information.
Statement of the Problem
1. What are the different Facebook reactions used by the respondents?
2. What are the reasons why they use these Facebook reactions?
3. What are the implications of Facebook reactions as forms of
communication?
Significance of the Study
The researchers anticipate that the findings of the study will be beneficial to
the school, the department, students, and future researchers.
The School. This paper can be a basis for the school in implementing policies
regarding the use of social platforms especially Facebook as means of
academic communication for both teachers and students. The findings of the
study will provide data for the school in order for them to understand the
various reactions that students are usually used as a response in
communicating on Facebook.
The Department. This study covers the meaning of students’ response as a
form of communication use in Facebook platforms. In that sense, the
department will probably consider the result and recommendations of this
paper because it will enable them to know the influence of Facebook platform
in enhancing the student’s communication skills, and will assist them to
enlighten and create awareness to the students related to the platform’s
influence.
The Students. Through this study, it will develop the students’ awareness
about the different meanings of reactions that students usually use as a
response that serves as a form of communication on Facebook. Along with
that, this paper will also widen the knowledge of students regarding the
meaning, when and where these reactions are commonly used based on the
user’s response.
The future researchers. This study may open another problem that may catch
the attention of future researchers; with that, this study will serve as a
reference when they conduct study regarding the same topic.
Scope and Delimitation
The main coverage of this study is to analyze the responses of the thirty (30)
random English major students of Rizal Technological University academic
year 2020-2021 to the posts that they see or read online; and how do they
communicate using “Facebook Reactions”. The study considers the
perspective of the students about the reactions on Facebook.

The researchers delimit the study into a specific group on Facebook named
“Language Research/Thesis Writing” and will not be including any other
groups. This study was conducted during the time of pandemic that delimits
the process of gathering data.
Definition of Terms
For a better understanding of this study, the following terms are defined
in the context of this research
Communication. It refers to the relationship that involves interaction
between the shared information on social media platforms.
Emojis. It refers to the images or pictographs. Facial expressions and
gestures shown on the faces of people. Objects, food, activities, animals,
plants, places and other associations that can be displayed.
Facebook. It is a social media platform where people can post and
express their feelings.
Facebook Reactions. It refers to the different emotional conversation
online; which includes like, love, haha, sad, wow, and angry.
Like Reaction. A feature of social networking service Facebook, where
users express a generic, rather underspecified, approval.

Haha Reaction. A Facebook reaction that allows the viewers to use if
there is an FB post that is funny, humorous, and entertaining.
Sad Reaction. Another Facebook reaction used for sad posts and also
to express or show sympathy to the creator of the post.
Heart Reaction. A heart button reaction on Facebook that someone
uses when they found a post that is absolutely adorable. It also shows
affection.
Angry Reaction. This Facebook reaction allows the user to easy and
quick give negative feedback or expresses displeasure; or simply means that
someone does not like the post.
Wow Reaction. A Facebook reaction used for a certain post you are
impressed of it is a feeling of being shocked and/or impressed. Usually, it can
be interpreted as positive, unless used sarcastically.
Social Platforms. This refers to the interactive webs that enable people
to communicate and participate online.
Students. Who were enrolled in Language Research/Thesis Writing
course on both Boni and Pasig Campuses of Rizal Technological University
(RTU) during the first and second semester of the school year 2020-2021.
Chapter II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Facebook Reactions
Facebook reactions, released in February 2016, are an extension of the old”
Like” button. Its six options (Like, Love, Haha, Wow, Sad and Angry)
Paralinguistic digital affordances are lightweight forms of nonverbal
communication provided in response to another person’s social media content
(Hayes, et al., 2016a) in what Zuckerberg said that “people wanted to express
empathy and make in comfortable to share a wider range of emotions.” Also,
the company said that reactions will help to track users’ behavior. The readers
sentiment towards the post is either have 2 reaction; negative and positive, if
the post has dominant “angry” then it is negative and if the post has more
“like” or “love” it can associate it as being positive.

According to Smieško (2016), the reaction buttons are human behavior
substitute in the digital world and it has been accepted as a modern form of
speech by the United States Court of Appeals. The reaction button allows
users to react to a particular post, comment, share etc. in order to express
how one feels instead of just relying on the underspecified like as a wordless
response (Pool and Nissim, 2016). Face book reactions is a way to easily and
quickly express how something or the post you see makes you feel.
For years, on Facebook people could leave comments to posts, and also “like”
them, by using a thumbs-up feature to explicitly express a generic, rather
underspecified, approval. A “like” could thus mean “I like what you said”, but
also “I like that you bring up such topic (though I find the content of the article
you linked annoying)”.
Social networks have become a natural environment in which users express
their feelings and opinions through social media, and this includes their
Facebook reactions. Facebook with over 2.7 billion monthly active users as of
the second quarter of 2020, Facebook is the biggest social network worldwide.
. If we assume that Facebook reactions reflect the readers’ overall sentiment
towards a post, we can investigate the distributions of emojis in readers’
comments, under different emotional attitudes. Thus, if there is a mismatch in
the emotional polarity between the overall profile of reactions (e.g. dominantly
“Angry” - negative) and the sentiment of the emojis in the comments (e.g.
“thumbs up” - positive), these emojis are likely used not to directly reflect
emotions.
In early 2016, Facebook launched new series of reactions that adds with like
button; these reactions are emoji-like faces and a heart which gives user more
ways to share a wider range of emotions in all the content within the network
[ CITATION Pri18 \l 13321 ]. The use of emoji has been growing worldwide and it
becomes an integral way for many people to communicate in the digital world.
It has been utilized by adding emotion in a text message; for instance, the like
button seemingly not appropriate in other ways such as when someone post
about the loss of their family member ‘like’ button are not that suitable to
respond in the post but instead, the sad reaction can be used to express
condolences without awkwardness. These Facebook reactions may allow the
marketers to gather data about user’s emotional responses to sponsored
content or with other post; but how matter the user reacts to a post whether
sad or angry Facebook will register it as a like [ CITATION Chr16 \l 13321 ].
Mark Zuckerberg known as a co-founder of Facebook, thinks that the platform
needs a more nuanced way for users to interact with other people’s post.
Composing comments might be a nuanced response but it takes to much time;
emoji was the best option that will allow users to quickly give feedback that are
easy and gesture based. Emoji are more than playful shorthand for the written
word that comes from non-verbal cues like gestures and facial expressions.
The challenge for Facebook is what emoji to use but Zhou, the product
designer of Facebook wants to provide people with limited choices such as the
sentiments wherein users express most often [CITATION STI16 \l 13321 ].
Reactions indicate a deeper level of engagement, and allows users to select a
react rather than simply hitting the old like button. These reactions are not only
used as to express how they feel in a post, but can be also a way to determine
which information on Facebook should rank higher in their news feed [CITATION
Dan17 \l 13321 ]. Reactions other that like was implemented because not all the
post in Facebook are not always meant to be liked. Facebook reveal six new
emotive icons such as like, love, haha, wow, sad, and angry; these simply
describes that when someone uses Facebook reaction it will infer that the user
wants to see more type of post like that. It gives the users other features to
send more specific signals about how and what they really feel about the post
[CITATION Che16 \l 13321 ].
Facebook Reactions Study - Reactions Hardly Used
Since the end of February Facebook users have the possibility to express their
feelings in other ways than just with a Like. This Facebook Reaction study
analyzes 130,000 posts and reveals first findings on how Facebook users
interact after the official launch. Facebook Reactions added five new options
on how people are able to interact with content. For marketers, this feature
offers some great information to analyze their content, conversations and
community. Through Facebook Reactions brands can get a deeper
understanding on how content is perceived by their community. Information
that can be gathered now make Sentiment Analysis (if your content is
perceived positively or negatively) easier to measure. Until now this was not
an easy task as irony or sarcasm were hardly measurable. Facebook
Reactions analysis enable businesses to identify this at a glance. Taking a
look at the share of interactions it is clear that 97% are likes, comments and
shares. In this first step of our Facebook Reactions analysis it is clear that
Facebook Reactions are not used very frequently by the average at this point.
In our study, we also broke this share further down and looked at this split
excluding shares and comments, which also revealed similar findings. For
marketers it would be highly beneficial to know how content is perceived in
detail. Based on that, marketers would be able to adjust future content and
improve their storytelling approach further. At this point, Facebook Reactions
just need to establish or marketers need to post not only likeable but also
“reactionable” content. Among the new options “Love” is predominantly used,
even though users knew positive reactions already since the launch of
Facebook through the Like button. From a marketer's point of view, the
question to be answered at this stage is if Reactions will establish in the short
run or if the content posted needs to change to receive a higher amount of

reactions. Without a doubt, the information that could be gathered could be a
game-changer for marketing. Another takeaway of our Facebook Reaction
Study is that users interacted with the analyzed posts mainly positive. This
finding can be seen in the table above where you see a clear difference
between all positive and negative expressions of feeling. Until the launch of
Facebook Reactions it was hardly possible to express a negative perception.
Now it is, but the share of people using it is very low. While Facebook
timelines do contain not only happy and entertaining content but also bad
news and controversial statements of politics or similar. That shows, Facebook
users prefer to interact with content that entertains, is funny or just generates
positive emotions.
Measuring the Diversity of Facebook Reactions to Research
Online and in the real world, communities are bonded together by emotional
consensus around core issues. Emotional responses to scientific findings
often play a pivotal role in these core issues. When there is too much diversity
of opinion on topics of science, emotions flare up and give rise to conflict. This
conflict threatens positive outcomes for research. Emotions have the power to
shape how people process new information. They can color the public’s
understanding of science, motivate policy positions, even change lives. And
yet little work has been done to evaluate the public’s emotional response to
science using quantitative methods. In this paper, we use a dataset of
responses to scholarly articles on Facebook to analyze the dynamics of
emotional valence, intensity, and diversity. We present a novel way of
weighting click-based reactions that increases their comprehensibility, and use
these weighted reactions to develop new metrics of aggregate emotional
responses. We use our metrics along with LDA topic models and statistical
testing to investigate how users’ emotional responses differ from one scientific
topic to another. We and that research articles related to gender, genetics, or
agricultural/environmental sciences elicit significantly different emotional
responses from users than other research topics. We also found that there is
generally a positive response to scientific research on Facebook, and that
articles generating a positive emotional response are more likely to be widely
shared—a conclusion that contradicts previous studies of other social media
platforms.
Facebook as A Way of Engagement
Study shows new Facebook reactions engagement has increased by 433%
new reaction formats are increasing engagement on Facebook, but some
reactions are more popular than others.

According to Quintly, social media analytics, Facebook introduces a new set of
Facebook reactions so that social media users can do more than just ‘like’
reacts on Facebook. From January through April of 2018, Quintly analyzed 44
millions posts from 218,289 brands from every country in the world. Their
report found that reactions make up 12.8 percent of all interactions. In
Quintly's first reaction study from April 2016, the 'Like' accounted for 76.4
percent of all interactions and 76.5 percent in their second follow up
study from June 2016. However, this year, things are down for "Likes", with
the percentage of 'Likes' having drastically decreased to 61.2 percent.
According to Quintly, 'Love' was the most commonly used of new Reactions at
one point. During the inaugural April 2016 study, the then-new "Love"
Reaction accounted for 50 percent of the total new Reactions used. In the
follow-up study two months later, the researchers found that 'Love' was still the
most used new Reaction but down to 43.2 percent while 'haha' had taken
second place at 25.7 percent, overtaking 'angry'. However, the "Love"
Reaction has now dropped to 35.9 percent of all reactions, making it tied for
first with "Haha".
These new Facebook reactions has led more users to engage in Facebook.
Liking, commenting and sharing posts are still compromising a large part of
Facebook but these reactions give users more ways to express their reaction
or feelings towards any post they see on Facebook.

Facebook Sentiment
There are still arguments between emojis and linguistic texts whether or not it
modifies the meaning of each other. One of the purposes of social media is to
express emotions aside from sharing information. In the study of Tian, Galery,
Dulcinati, Molimpakis, & Sun, (2017), they used Facebook (FB) Reactions to
study the Facebook user’s overall sentiment towards the types of emojis used
in the comments of different Facebook posts particularly in FB user’s profiles.
Based on the findings of the researchers, there is a reliable correlation
between Facebook reactions and emoji. It also detects FB user’s sentiment.
According to Tian et.al, “Facebook reactions and comments are a good data
source for investigating indicators of user emotional attitudes.”
Facebook as a Learning Platform
Facebook is known for being the world’s largest social network with billions of
users worldwide (GCFGlobal, 2020) as of the third quarter of 2019. Many
people on this social media platform has been using it since 2004 to share and
gather information and to discover what going on in the world. Aside from this
purpose, it has become a learning platform although it was not originally
created for academic or educational purposes. According to Kalelioglu, F.

(2016) in her study Using Facebook as a Learning Management System:
Experiences of Pre-service Teachers, “Facebook can be used for courses
where the following are true: sharing of video and lecture notes is required …
synchronous and asynchronous communication facilitate students’ reflection
of their ideas and informs students about announcements; and when class
sizes are small.
This social media platform should be utilized for learning purposes whether it
is for specific or academic purposes. In some studies, they found that students
expressed satisfaction with learning using Facebook and the willingness in
using this platform for discussion in future courses has been indicated.
Emoji as a form of Communication
Emoji plays an important role that allows people to convey body language,
object, and ideas. Through with its’ origin, emoji becomes a part of the
mainstream communication giving people the opportunity to share and
interpret ideas and emotions regardless with their differences in terms of
language and cultural backgrounds. It has several functions such as it adds
emotional layer and serves as a substitute to face to face facial expression,
gestures, and body language which show the emotional state, mood, or
affective nuances of an individual [ CITATION Bon19 \l 13321 ]. With the increasing

use of Facebook and other social media platforms, people are now able to
interchange responses with the support of emoji usage.
The emoji has changed the way how the world communicates, teenagers and
young adult worldwide are living in ‘emoji’ phenomenon. It is a small image or
icon which is used electronically that depicts emotions or common objects.
Emoji is not a language but can classify as a form of communication it adds an
element that is missing from text-based communication and usually linked with
the social cues that usually get in using the spoken language. Millions of
people are amuse in using emoji as a pervasive communication instrument
which increasingly allows people to use it on advertisement, discussing social
issues, advocacy, or even building a communication between people in
different generations [ CITATION Ann18 \l 13321 ].
Student’s usage of Facebook
Social media platforms are known as a source of data that are usually easy to
understand opinions and express opinions towards particular subject or object
[CITATION Kuo14 \l 13321 ]. Facebook is now considered as the most popular
social networking tool that university-aged youth used. It has been changed on
how people access it, manage, exchange knowledge, and as the way they
connect and interact; it leads to the emergence of different learning styles

especially with young people. Students spend a considerable amount of time
using Facebook in a way of sharing and gaining information, for educational or
social purposes that leads them with positive perception on Facebook usage
[CITATION Yah \l 13321 ]. Higher education students tend to have a positive
perception towards Facebook in terms of educational purposes that helps
them to gather information and opinion from other students.
It is the mission of Facebook to give people the power to share and make the
world open and connected. It allows users to create specific pages with
different purposes such as students may create a page for sharing homework
or teachers may provide lectures and other information for students of a
specific course [ CITATION ErF17 \l 13321 ]. As Facebook grows and becomes a
part of people’s daily life even though there are still people who trying to stay
away from online social networks but as technology develop that makes
people connected and makes communication extremely easy.
Nowadays almost everybody has social network accounts regardless of their
gender, age, cultural background, and changing purposes. Studies have
shown that the frequent engagement of students in Facebook seems to be
negative that makes them to distract form school works, and may cause
academic procrastination. Teachers and students practice Facebook for
academic use that enable them to exchange ideas, share information, and
work collaboratively along with people with the same interest and needs.
Despite to that, Facebook is much different with learning environment as
students’ think that usage of Facebook is simply for just social reasons such
as making friends with other people, staying connected with friends and family
rather than for the purpose of doing school works. However, in terms of
sharing ideas and information Facebook is really a great tool to communicate
with their fellow students allowing them to share resources, visual materials,
documents, and exchanging audios and links [ CITATION Tok19 \l 13321 ]
Articles and related researches gathered have shown that Facebook reactions
play a big role when it comes to communicating. It is a wordless response that
can interpret what you really want to say. The ‘like’ button has a lot to say. It
can be perceived negatively. It is also the lowest form of reaction since you
can just press it and you just reacted on a post effortlessly. Students use emoji
as a form of communication that adds an element and portrays like real
emotions that usually missing from a text-based communication. These
reactions button from Facebook allow students to react to the post in order for
them to express their feelings and behavior regarding to its content. Due to the
rapid changes and its usage, worldwide users are now able to quickly and
easily respond to the post that they feel connected to and give feedback to it.
Chapter III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter contains the research design, research method used, description
of respondents, sources of data, research instrument, data gathering
procedure, and data analysis.
Research Design
A phenomenological research design is used for this study. This description
also characterizes qualitative research, in which designs are flexible rather
than fixed. (Robson, 2011). The term interview is commonly applied to a
research methodology designed to collect data from a selected sample. To

obtain data from individuals about themselves, interview serves a tool or
instrument. This is very important in collecting and analyzing data from a
selected sample. They are accepted as a tool for conducting a basic social
science research methodology.
There are distinct advantages in conducting an interview because it is less
expensive and easier to do. In this case, the researchers chose a qualitative
method and designed a questionnaire survey instruments to analyze the
students' perception about different reactions on Facebook platform.
Research Method Used
This study employed a descriptive-survey method in research, whereby the
researchers described the significant use of Facebook reactions as a form of
communication for students through acquiring information with the use of
survey questionnaires. Descriptive research aims to accurately describe a
population, situation, or phenomenon (McCombes, 2019). It can also simply
characterize as the attempt to determine, identify, or describes the subject of
the research.
Description of Respondents
The respondents of this study are students who were included in the closed
group on Facebook that were enrolled in Language Research/ Thesis Writing
courses in both Boni and Pasig campuses of Rizal Technological University
during the first semester of the school year 2020-2021. The study was
dominated by females because they got 83.3% while the male respondents
got 16.7%. The age of the respondents ranges from 20-22 years old. Most of
them are 21 years old who got 56%. 20% of them are 20 years old while 22
years old participants got 16.7%
Sources of Data
The study used both primary and secondary data. The respondents who use
Facebook reactions as a way of communication were considered as the
source of primary data through online survey questionnaire. The primary data
that were used in the study were gathered from the participants. The
secondary data were obtained from journals, reviews from other researchers,
and online articles.
Research Instrument
In times like this where paperless and face-to-face transaction is limited, the
researcher used Google Forms as a survey questionnaire in gathering data of
the limited students in Rizal Technological University. Google Form, is a free
online tool that allows people to collect data and information easily and
efficiently. The researcher creates survey questionnaire to ask information and
to collect data from the target respondents
Data Gathering Procedure
There is no way to conduct an interview or observation at the present time. So,
the researchers opted to gather data using an online method. They made a
survey questionnaire via google form and asked for the approval of the thesis
adviser. Once approved, the researchers send the link of the google form as
their survey questionnaire to thirty (30) English major students: fifteen (15)
from Boni campus, and other fifteen (15) respondents from Pasig campus of
Rizal Technological University. These respondents are students who were
enrolled in Language Research/Thesis Writing course during the first
semester of school year 2020-2021. Each student may decline to participate in
answering the survey questionnaire while the students who are willing to
participate had been given the link to answer the questions. The respondents
were free to express their views in some of the open-ended questions in the
said survey questionnaire.

The researchers will see on the link once the respondents are finished
answering. There was no time limit as long as they respond to the survey
questionnaire within the day. Once the 30 respondents finished answering, the
researchers began analyzing the data.
Instrument Used
Survey questionnaire with open-ended questions were given to the thirty (30)
English major students of Boni and Pasig campuses of Rizal Technological
University. According to McLeod 2018, A survey questionnaire can be thought
as a kind of "written interview". It is a quick and efficient way of obtaining
information from a research sample. The questions were also comprised of
close and open-ended questions. In this way, it can be easily check for
reliability and it will also allow the students to express their views in as much
as they like in their own words which requires detailed answers. From the
gathered data, the researchers analyze the following:
1. Most used Facebook reactions,
2. Hardly used Facebook reaction,
3. Reasons of using Facebook reaction,
4. Facebook reactions as a correspondence to the real emotion; and,

5. The implications of Facebook reactions as forms of communication.
Chapter IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter shows the presentation, analysis, and interpretation of all the
gathered data.
Different Facebook Reactions Used
There is an extension to the like button that we often use. There are new
reactions such as: Like, Love, Haha, Wow, Sad, and Angry. These provide
people with more ways to quickly and easily respond to a post. This is a short
form of communication on the said platform which is Facebook. There are a lot
of interpretations as to why do you react on a certain post. Common
responses from the respondents are:
“I use reactions to express my feelings. / It helps me to express my feelings.”
“I love reacting on posts if it is relevant for me.”
“ I react whenever the post is accessible and free.”
“I react to show my interest on the post.”
Facebook has become ubiquitous. Its pervasiveness makes it one of the
easiest tools to use for communication with old and new friends. You can find
so many ways to communicate on Facebook, each one tailored to a different
type of person's preferences.
“Like” Reaction
Facebook’s like reaction are mostly used by the students who viewed that the
post is showing formality and seriousness, like if someone is asking to react to
the content that has an academic purpose such as students’ assignments or
requirement for the subject. Like reaction allows students to express their
neutral emotions, whether they are happy nor sad about its content. For the
respondents:
“…if the post is something very serious or informative.”
“Heart” Reaction
The participants of the study seem to have various perception with heart
reaction. Most of the responses indicates that they use “heart” reaction, if the
post is informative and makes them satisfied with its content. It also shown
that students react using heart within the post to express support, feelings
towards their friends and acquaintances, because the content captives their
attention, and especially when the content of the post motivates them and
show interest to the things that they love.
The respondents commented that:
“When the post is something beautiful or it captivates my attention too much.”
“Haha” Reaction
In the question “When do you use ‘haha’ reaction?”, most of the respondents
stated that they hit the ‘haha’ button when the post or content that they find
funny and humorous that made them laugh and smile, while some of them
answered that the reason why they used the ‘haha’ reaction because the
content is entertaining and they can relate to it and that it happened to them
before.
Hence, the respondents used it when:

“…something funny and hilarious catches my attention…”
“Wow” Reaction
Meanwhile, some of the respondents answered that they used the ‘wow’
button when the certain post has caught their attention and gave them new
ideas and information that they never knew, or a content that surprised them
or made them feel excited. Also, most of the respondents stated that they are
using ‘wow’ reaction if the content really amazes them that they haven’t seen
anything like that before.
They pointed out that:
“I used ‘wow’ reaction if I’m amazed based on what I’ve seen or being posted
such as in the contents, picture, videos, etc.”
“Sad” Reaction
Sad reactions the result showed that most of the respondents use this reaction
if the post made them sad. They use this reaction when someone lose their
love ones, when someone died, when they saw stories that are heartfelt, when
they want to express and show sympathy and when something bad happened.
Most of the respondent used this reaction for sad posts and a reaction to
tragic events.
They also commented that:

“I used ‘sad’ reaction…to express or show my sympathy.”
“Angry” Reactions
Moreover, the results showed that they use this reaction if the post made them
upset and when they disagree to the post. They use 'angry' reaction if the
content, pictures, or videos is offensive, unacceptable, inappropriate, unethical
and when the post entails bad action. This means that Facebook users use
‘angry’ reactions because this is an easy way for them to give negative
feedback or express displeasure.
Furthermore, the respondents even commented that:
“… I don’t hesitate to use ‘angry’ react to let also someone aware that what’s
being posted is not funny…
Figure no. 2 Frequently Used FB Reactions

Frequently Used Facebook Reactions
The most common reaction that they use according to the respondents is the
“Love” reaction. Followed by the “Like” button and next is the “Haha” reaction.
The fourth one is the “Wow” reaction then the “Sad” and the “Angry” reaction
got least votes. It is understandable because the group page is an academic
page which includes posts about the certain course and so, we can interpret
that the “Angry” reactions are used to express disagreement or not unless,
they use it to express dislike about the person who posted it.
The different Facebook reactions used by the respondents are: Like, Heart,
Haha, Wow, Sad, and Angry. Based from the results in the survey
questionnaire, the most frequently used Facebook reaction in the Facebook
page of Language Research/Thesis Writing is the “heart” reaction with 90%
followed by the “like”, “haha”, “wow”, “sad” and “angry” reactions respectively.
Having said that, 73.3% of the respondents “sometimes” use the FB reactions
in a certain post.
Hardly Used Facebook Reaction
According to the gathered data, the “Angry” reaction is the least popular and
least used of the six Facebook reactions, receiving only 6.7 percent of the
votes. Because the group page is an academic page with posts regarding
specific courses, we may assume that "angry" reactions are used to indicate
differences unless they are used to convey disdain for the individual who
submitted it.
Facebook Reactions as a Correspondence to the Real Emotion
The students were also asked how does the six emotional reactions
corresponds to their own feelings. The responses show that most students
use this reaction if they found the content informative in nature, the given
instructions are easy to understand, or when they agreed with the opinion of
the author.
REASONS OF USING FACEBOOK REACTIONS
Highlighting Informative Posts
The study revealed that the respondents use Facebook reactions because it is
informative. The respondents mentioned that they used Facebook reactions
because:
“When the post is informative”
“When I read good news or informative post from our professor.”
“I used reaction if the information is formal and is informative.”
“When a post is informative because it is appropriate to use rather than other
reactions.”
They use this reaction when they find the post too formal there is some
information such as the schedule of classes and activity, when they
understand the instruction, and often times whenever they felt satisfied with a
certain post. This means that the students react to a post if they think that a
post can give them necessary information that they can use for their study or
the courses they were enrolled in. According to Guynn (2020), if someone
uses a reaction, Facebook will infer that person wants to see more of that type
of post. Generally, students’ react on Facebook posts if it is informative and if
it is related to their interests, broader discussions that contains informative
contents around them. Using Facebook reaction tells your friends that you
enjoyed their post or comment, this allows you to specify your response.
Relevance Of Using Facebook Reactions in Communicating
Findings revealed that one of the reasons why the respondents used
Facebook reactions in the group page is because of its relevance in a certain
post. Some of them even commented that:
“I am using the like reaction in the FB group "Language Research/Thesis
Writing" when the post is too formal or when the adviser post something about
the course.”
“…for me, using the like emoji is very appropriate to express whether a person
agrees to a certain post. For instance, when there are announcements, I often
use like emoji to agree to the material posted to be used for instruction.”
“When the content is a heartwarming for me especially when it is about the
suspension and extensions”
Although Guynn (2016) stated that “Reactions are not intended to capture the
full range of human feelings. Facebook wants to give people a quick and
straightforward approach to communicate thoughts or sentiments in a positive
and supportive way possible.” Thus, the comments from the respondents
reflects their viewpoint on the relevance of using FB reactions. This means
that whatever a student feels toward a certain post, it will be reflected based
on what Facebook reaction they use to express their sentiment on the post.
They use Facebook reactions because they think it is relevant in giving their
feedback or communicating whatever they feel towards a post on the group
page. Emoji, such as Facebook replies, serve as a substitute for face-to-face
facial expressions, gestures, and body language that reveal an individual's
emotional state, mood, or affective nuances. This suggests that Facebook
reactions like ‘like’, ‘haha’, ‘sad’, ‘heart’, ‘wow’, and ‘angry’ play an important
part in allowing students to virtually convey their thoughts, feelings, and ideas.
Through this, the creator of a certain post can use Facebook reactions to
assess whether the content is appropriate or not.

Accessibility Of Using Facebook Reactions

The result revealed that the respondents used the Facebook reactions in a
certain post in the group page because it is accessible, and the following
responses showed that:
“….yes. It is easier to click the react button as a response.”

“….yes, because it is accessible and free.’
“….yes, because it is easier to use.”
“…It can easily express your emotions, feelings and opinions toward
something.”
“… Easy to interact with creator in expressing my feedback”
With the introduction of Facebook reactions, students now have a more
accessible means of expressing their feelings about a particular post. Social
media platforms are known as a source of data that are usually easy to
understand opinions and express opinions towards particular subject or object
[CITATION Kuo14 \l 13321 ]. Thus, it allows them to express their feelings and
emotions toward a particular post because it is easier to do rather than
commenting, having visual characters make them allow to perceive the
underlying message about the post. Students use Facebook to share and
obtain information and spend a significant amount of time doing so. The
Facebook reactions have been accessible to audiences in that they are simple
to use; simply tap and hold the like button to see other reactions. The
accessibility of the usage of different Facebook reactions allows everyone to
convey the sentiments in a specific post, so that the usage of Facebook
reactions in an easier way makes the students be active in expressing
themselves without getting shy of how they perceived the certain post.
Facebook Reactions as Convenient Tool
The results showed that some of the respondents used these FB reactions
because it is convenient for them. They mentioned that they used Facebook
reactions because:
“…through these features we can express our feelings towards a certain post
without sharing thoughts on comment section.”
“…because it’s convenient and easy.”
“…sometimes I don't want to say something about a post so I use reaction.”
“…you can show your feelings and thoughts about a certain post or topic.”
According to Pool and Nissim (2016), instead of depending on the wordy
answer and comments, Facebook reactions allows user to easily and rapidly
convey how something or a post makes them feel. Accessing information,
providing information, and communicating through social media is frequently
easier and more convenient. Hence, the response of the participants about
their reasons of using Facebook reactions shows that it truly provides them
convenience, and easy access with what response that they should express in
a post. Furthermore, FB reactions is a great tool for those users who don’t
have time commenting in a certain post through simply tapping the reaction
that they would likely to use. The convenience that these FB reactions gave to
its users plays a crucial role to make their lives easier, and instantly express
their thoughts about such post. In today's world, Facebook is a platform that
gives students with a simple tool for communicating, gathering, and
comprehending other people without the need for face-to-face interactions. As
stated by Bonfil and Lopez (2019), FB reactions has several functions such as
it adds emotional layer and serves as a substitute to face to face facial
expression, gestures, and body language which show the emotional state,
mood, or affective nuances of an individual.
IMPLICATIONS OF FACEBOOK REACTIONS USED
Figure no. 3 Students’ Satisfactory Level in Using FB Reactions

Facebook is the world's largest social network; people use it to share
information, gather information, and learn about what's going on in the world.
Aside from this, it has evolved into a learning platform, despite it’s not initially
designed for academic or educational purposes.
In the question “Are you satisfied in expressing your emotions through FB
reactions?” 93.3% of students responded that they are satisfied using haha,
heart, sad, wow, and angry Facebook reactions to express their emotions
online. These reactions are not only used to express how they feel in a post
but can also be a way to determine which information on Facebook should
rank higher in their news feed (Goodwin, 2017). There are several reasons
why students are satisfied in expressing their emotions by only using a series
of FB buttons, including allowing them to easily express their thoughts and
emotions without using any words and giving feedback on content any time or
anywhere. It brings benefits to students and other people who are gathering
reviews and responses about specific content.
Convenient to Use
Facebook reactions help students to express their reactions and emotions in a
convenient way. It is easier because instead of typing, you can just click the
reactions. Students use it whenever they feel lazy to leave a comment or
"words of expression" and expecting that reacting on a post will be enough. It
is the simplest way to respond to every posts on Facebook. With that, the use
of Facebook's reaction in communication allows students to access more
valuable knowledge, communicate with learning groups, and access other
educational systems that make learning more convenient.
Makes Responding Easier
There are different methods on how a person can communicate in different
situations. Communication encompasses not just the verbal and nonverbal
aspects but also the different methods on how thoughts and feelings can be
expressed especially with the use of technology. It encourages users to talk
less and express themselves through Facebook reactions, which may help
them avoid conflict with other people because it believes that words are
powerful. According to Bonfil and López (2019), emoji such as Facebook
reactions serve as a substitute for face-to-face facial expressions, gestures,
and body language that show an individual's emotional state, mood, or
affective nuances; it indicates that these FB reactions such as like, haha, sad,
heart, wow, and angry, play a crucial role in helping students communicate
their thoughts, feelings, and ideas virtually.

Serves as Feedback
Facebook reactions allow the author of a specific post to determine whether
the content is appropriate or not. Everyone can connect to other people by
simply using reaction to convey meaning of disappointment, favourable and
being entertained by their post. This will also give people a chance to know
what kind of contents are appealing for the people around social media.
Moreover, the study of Putil & Raut (2016) stated that social media,
particularly Facebook, aids in not only acquiring knowledge but also in
establishing long-term relationships with real people and connecting with other
users. It seems that in today’s world where everything is connected with the
use of technology and other social platforms. It provides students with the
opportunity to communicate with their peers not only using words but also
symbols like Facebook reactions.
The researchers propose that in facilitating online interaction among learning
participants, Facebook reactions are good data source for the teachers in
assessing how their students perceived the message of the posts. Having said
that, Facebook reactions are great feature for teachers and students in
facilitating online interaction.

Chapter V
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The summary of the study along with the mentioned findings and conclusions
of the results were gathered. In addition, applicable recommendations were
formulated.
SUMMARY
Like, Love, Haha, Wow, Sad, and Angry are some of the new Facebook
reactions. These students have more options in responding to a post fast and
easily. The respondents used the following Facebook reactions: Like, Heart,
Haha, Wow, Sad, and Angry. According to the results of the survey
questionnaire, the “heart” reaction is the most commonly used Facebook
reaction on the Language Research/Thesis Writing Facebook page, followed
by the “like,” “haha,” “wow,” “sad,” and “angry” reactions, in that order, with
only 6.7 percent of votes, the "Angry" reaction is the least popular used out of
the six Facebook reactions. Despite this, 73.3 percent of respondents said that
they "sometimes" use Facebook reactions in a post.
Reasons of Using Facebook Reactions
Most of the respondents are using these Facebook reactions in the Facebook
page of Language Research/Thesis Writing because it allows them to express
their feelings and enables them to show that they have perceived the
message of the posts. In addition, the respondents use Facebook reactions

because they believed that the posts are informative, relevant, accessible, and
convenient for them. The respondents stated that they hit the “like” button
when the posts are informative, “heart” reaction if it makes them satisfied with
its content, and if the post is encouraging and motivational in improving their
thesis and to express their appreciation on what is posted on the group.
Moreover, the respondents commented that they never hit the “haha” button in
the Facebook group stating the reason that Language Research/Thesis
Writing FB group is for academic purposes only. Some of the respondents
said that they used “sad” reaction whenever they disappointed about a certain
post like the deadline of the submission yet, most of them have not used the
“sad” reaction in the Language Research/Thesis Writing group. The angry
reaction was used by the respondents if they disagree to certain post that has
being posted that brought negative impact to them. Students indicate that they
usually use the “wow” reaction when a specific post intrigued their interest, the
content of a post was unexpected, surprising, overwhelming or amused them.
Implications of Using Facebook Reactions
Based on the answers of the respondents, 93.3% are satisfied in expressing
their emotions with using the different Facebook reactions. Answers show that
it assists students in expressing their thoughts, ideas, and feelings about
something by reacting or using these FB reactions. Others have stated that it

encourages users to talk less and express themselves through Facebook
reactions, which may help them avoid conflict with other people because it
believes that words are powerful.
CONCLUSION
Based on the indicated findings, the following conclusions were drawn:
Facebook reactions allow students to have a short communication with the
author even without putting any words in the comment section. It plays a
crucial role in conveying body language, thoughts, and feelings virtually and it
shows how they perceived the content of a certain post.
Reasons of Using Facebook Reactions
Students use Facebook reactions for them to express their feelings with just
one click. This allows them to show that they have perceived the message of a
certain post in the Facebook group. Different reactions entails different
meanings but the students used this reactions in the group mainly when they
find the content informative, if they are satisfied, if they are disappointed, if it
has negative impact, and if the post is surprising
Implications of Using Facebook Reactions

Most students express satisfaction in expressing their emotions through
Facebook Reactions since it encourages them to talk less. Facebook wants to
give people a fast and straightforward way to express thoughts or feelings
positively, not to create a way to troll friends and others on the giant social
network. These emoji do give greater granularity in telling what the user is
thinking and feels about the Facebook post. Reacting to a post shows
solidarity or unity with a friend or acquaintance and their way of thinking.
Social media can be a way of gaining "virtual empathy,"—and that empathy
can have real-world implications.
RECOMMENDATIONS
This study revealed the understanding of students’ responses of Facebook
reactions as forms of communication. Thus, the following recommendations
are hereby presented:
1. The school administration implemented the use of Facebook reactions as
forms of communication in analyzing the perspectives of students in using the
different Facebook reactions; this is a method of conveying underlying
messages through Facebook reactions, in which the students frequently used
to express feelings and enthusiasm.

2. Teachers should integrate the value of using Facebook reactions in
knowing the viewpoint of the students. This is to preserve the consistency of
understanding for the students to help them develop their discernment about a
certain post now that the understanding of Facebook reactions as forms of
communication has been proven. Teachers will be able to perceive the
students' responses if they become aware of the underlying meaning of each
reaction.
3. The students have to utilize Facebook reactions as their means of
communication to further improve online interaction. Facebook reactions are
good source in assessing the students in giving feedback to a certain post.
4. The future researchers this study will raise another issue that will arouse the
interest of the future researchers; this enables to use as a guide when
conducting research on the same subject that will arouse another issued in the
future.
5. There also is much that goes into evaluating students’ responses in using
Facebook reactions. Future studies should investigate in more complex ways
the importance of using of Facebook reactions in communication means to the
students.
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APPENDIX A
APPENDIX B
Curriculum Vitae
Name: Constantino, Alexandria Ignacia T.
Address: #920 Leyte del Sur, Balic Balic,
Sampaloc, Manila
Contact No.: 09156147854
Email address: aitconstantino@rtu.edu.ph
Personal Background
Age: 21 years old
Birth date: July 31, 1999
Birthplace: Santa Cruz Marinduque.
Address: #181 Dona Aurora St. Barangay Banahaw Santa Cruz Marinduque
Educational Background
Tertiary Education:
Name of School: Rizal Technological University
School years: 2018-Present
Secondary Education:
Name of school: Santa Cruz Institute
School years: 2012-2018
Primary Education:
Name of school: Santa Cruz South Central
School years: 2006- 2012

Curriculum Vitae
Name: Golpo, Lady Valerie F.
Address: 153 M. Paterno St., Brgy.
Pasadena, San Juan City
Contact No.: 09288598952
Email address: lvfgolpo@rtu.edu.ph
Personal Background
Age: 21 years old
Birth date: December 14, 1999
Birthplace: Aurora, Sta. Mesa
Address: 153 M. Paterno St., Brgy. Pasadena, San Juan City
Tertiary Education:

Name of school/s:
Central Colleges of the Philippines
San Juan National High School
Primary Education:
Name of school: San Juan Elementary School
Curriculum Vitae
Name: Lenon, Liezel Q.

Address: 71 Block 1 T. Alonzo West Rembo Makati City
Contact No.: 09474426407
Email Address: liezellenon26@gmail.com
Personal Background
Age: 20 years old
Birthdate: May 26, 2000
Birth place: Makati City
Address: 71 Block 1 T. Alonzo West Rembo Makati City
Tertiary Education:
Name of school/s:
SHS- University of Makati
JHS- Fort Bonifacio High School
Primary Education:
Name of school: Fort Bonifacio Elementary School
Curriculum Vitae
Name: De Guzman, Rizelle C.
Address:1205 Batangas St. Brgy. Pio Del Pilar
Makati City
Contact No: 09672054834
Email Address: zelleridgzmn4@gmail.com

Personal Background
Age: 20 yrs old
Birthdate: May 28, 2000
Birthplace: Lemery, Batangas
Tertiary Education:
Name of school/s:
Thy Covenant Montessori School
Signal Village National High School
Primary Education:
Name of school: Kapt. Jose Cardones Mem. Elem. School
Curriculum Vitae
Name: Velasco, Kiela L.
Address: Blk 10 Lot 7 Camella Grenville
Brgy. Tuktukan, Taguig City
Contact No.: 09203721272
Email address: klvelasco@rtu.edu.ph
Personal Background
Age: 21 years old
Birth date: April 16, 2000
Birthplace: Calatagan, Batangas
Address: Blk 10 Lot 7 Camella Grenville Brgy. Tuktukan, Taguig City
Tertiary Education:
Name of school/s:
Calatagan Senior High School
Lucsuhin National High School
Primary Education:
Name of school: Hukay Elementary School

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Rizal Technological University College of Education: The Problem and Its Background

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1 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Being able to communicate effectively is one of the fundamental life skills.

Communication enables us to provide and gather information at the same

oral communication, writing, signs, or behavior (Nordquist, 2019). In

communicating, there is also what we call ‘verbal’ and ‘non-verbal’

communication. Verbal communication is the process of conveying one’s

message using words that includes written and spoken communication. On

the other hand, non-verbal communication is a form of communication which

and other nonverbal communication methods (Doyle, 2020).

According to Nations (2020), Facebook is a social networking platform where

happening around you, by that FB Reactions have great impact in knowing

In a study conducted by Tian, Dulcinati, Molimpakis, Sun, and Galery (2017),

Facebook allowed users to easily share their reactions or opinions through

Mainly researchers had pointed that online positivity bias is a result of

so within the variety in a social context that different platforms present.

Reactions on FB helps the creator better understand how people are

Nowadays, Facebook (FB) has now become an acceptable platform for

reacted to using Facebook reactions as a means of communication.

Theoretical Communication: New forms of channels have emerged with the

development of internet. The latest channels and platforms for people to

communicate are Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, YouTube, etc. These

people. Social networks have become a natural environment in which users

have become a part of the mainstream communication which serves as a

substitute to face to face facial expression, gestures, and body language

which show the emotional state, mood, or affective nuances of an individual.

In 1986, a theory about media richness was introduced by Richard L. Draft

of media research and has been widely used in understanding communication

communication channel in conveying personality such as showing personal

emotion state, mood, or affective nuances of an individual. MRT states that

different mediums — in-person, video conferencing, phone calls, text — have

different richness of signal. Talking about how 'rich' a source of communication

based communication. The usage of symbol and language is highly needed in

communication to make it effective and understandable. (S. Chairunnisa and

In accordance to the study, the researchers wanted to know how Facebook

to use this as a form of communication in expressing their feelings and

creator has done their role in disseminating information or message to the

be considered as a tool of communication.

Media richness theory is great for conveying messages to a single person,

one of these medium we use to communicate with people. When thinking of

how rich a source of communication is, it refers to the amount of information

people use the right means to deliver messages to others.

way they communicate using “Facebook Reactions”.

Figure no. 1 Conceptual Framework

The researchers adapted this conceptual framework from Media Richness

Statement of the Problem

1. What are the different Facebook reactions used by the respondents?

3. What are the implications of Facebook reactions as forms of

Significance of the Study

the school, the department, students, and future researchers.

regarding the use of social platforms especially Facebook as means of

various reactions that students are usually used as a response in

The Department. This study covers the meaning of students’ response as a

form of communication use in Facebook platforms. In that sense, the

department will probably consider the result and recommendations of this

in enhancing the student’s communication skills, and will assist them to

enlighten and create awareness to the students related to the platform’s

about the different meanings of reactions that students usually use as a

response that serves as a form of communication on Facebook. Along with

reference when they conduct study regarding the same topic.

Scope and Delimitation

random English major students of Rizal Technological University academic