Name: Nadeen Wael ID:18230561

Supervised by: DR. Nora

Biochemical oxygen demand recent measurements technology

Biochemical oxygen demand, or BOD, is a chemical procedure for determining

the amount of dissolved oxygen needed by aerobic biological organisms in a
body of water to break down organic material present in a given water sample at
certain temperature over a specific time period. So, how is BOD measured? It is
not a precise quantitative test, although it is widely used as an indication of the
organic quality of water. It is most commonly expressed in milligrams of
oxygen consumed per litre of sample during 5 days (BOD5) of incubation at
20°C and is often used as a robust surrogate of the degree of organic pollution
of water

1-Proteus the real-time solution for BOD

The Proteus is a new product providing users with a robust, repeatable, low
maintenance sensor platform for measuring BOD in real-time. The Proteus is
underpinned by comprehensive research exploring the use of in-sit fluorescence
as a technique for real-time BOD measurement. The Proteus is a multiparameter
instrument and for standard BOD configuration - a tryptophan-like fluorescence
(TLF) sensor, turbidity and thermistor - provide users with real time
measurement of reactive dissolved organic matter found in sewage and slurry,
negating the need for a 5-day BOD laboratory analysis. Using a robust
correction algorithm, the tryptophan signal is corrected, in real time, for known
interferrants. The result is a repeatable and highly accurate measurement that
can provide instantaneous BOD measurement with a simple
2-The HBOD Test: A New Method for Determining Biochemical
Oxygen Demand

The conventional biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) test requires a series of

sample dilutions and can be very time-consuming to perform. Although newer
oxygen utilization tests based on pressure changes in sealed devices do not
require dilutions, they are too expensive to use routinely for wastewater
samples. A rapid and inexpensive test is proposed for determining oxygen
demand. This procedure, called the headspace biochemical oxygen demand
(HBOD) test, uses non-diluted wastewater samples, because additional oxygen
from the container headspace is available to the microorganisms. The total
oxygen demand is calculated from oxygen depleted from both the liquid and the
air phases in the sealed container. Using samples from 3 wastewater treatment
plants, it is shown that the HBOD test, if conducted over a 5-day period,
provides similar results to the BOD test. The three main advantages of the
HBOD test are that the test can be performed more easily than the BOD test
because no sample dilutions are necessary, the oxygen demand determined
within a shorter period of time (24-36 h) can provide an accurate prediction of
the 5-day value, and the experimental conditions used in the HBOD test more
accurately reproduce the hydrodynamic and culture conditions typical of
wastewater treatment bioreactors. These advantages make the HBOD test more
useful for treatment plant process evaluation and control.

3-High-Throughput Determination of Biochemical Oxygen

Demand (BOD) by a Microplate-Based Biosensor
The use of the conventional 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) method
in BOD determination is greatly hampered by its time-consuming sampling
procedure and its technical difficulty in the handling of a large pool of
wastewater samples. Thus, it is highly desirable to develop a fast and high-
throughput biosensor for BOD measurements. This describes the construction of
a microplate-based biosensor consisting of an organically modified silica
(ORMOSIL) oxygen sensing film for high-throughput determination of BOD in
wastewater. The ORMOSIL oxygen sensing film was prepared by reacting
tetramethoxysilane with dimethyldimethoxysilane in the presence of the
oxygen-sensitive dye tris(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline) ruthenium (II)
chloride. The silica composite formed a homogeneous, crack-free oxygen
sensing film on polystyrene microtiter plates with high stability, and the
embedded ruthenium dye interacted with the dissolved oxygen in wastewater
according to the Stern−Volmer relation. The bacterium Stenotrophomonas
maltophilia was loaded into the ORMOSIL/PVA composite (deposited on the
top of the oxygen sensing film) and used to metabolize the organic compounds
in wastewater. This BOD biosensor was found to be able to determine the BOD
values of wastewater samples within 20 min by monitoring the dissolved
oxygen concentrations. Moreover, the BOD values determined by the BOD
biosensor were in good agreement with those obtained by the conventional
BOD5 method.

References
 https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es070083k
 https://www.proteus-instruments.com/parameters/biological-oxygen-
demand-bod-sensors/
 https://www.ysi.com/parameters/biochemical-oxygen-demand-bod
 https://www.jstor.org/stable/25044391?seq=1