Introduction To Banking System Unit-03

evwYwR¨K e¨vsK BDwbU
Commercial Bank
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e¨w³iv Ab¨‡ì A_© m¤ú` wb‡R‡ì Kv‡Q Mw”QZ ivL‡Zv Ges Zvi wewbg‡q mvgvb¨ cwigv‡Y Kwgkb Av`vq
Ki‡Zv| wKš‘ Giƒc Kwgk‡bi wfwË‡Z m¤ú` Mw”QZ ivLvi eë¯’v †Kv_vq wKfv‡e DrcwË jvf K‡iwQj †m m¤ú‡K©
†KD mwVKfv‡e ej‡Z cv‡i bv| evwYwR¨K e¨vsK eë¯’v Kv‡ji weeZ©‡bi ga¨ w`‡q mwc©j MwZ‡Z c_ Pj‡Z Pj‡Z
G ch©šÍ G‡m‡Q| m„wói m~Pbv ce© †_‡K A`¨vewa evwYwR¨K e¨vsK Zvi wewfbœagx© Ges Kj¨vYKi Kvh©µ‡gi Øviv
†`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡b cÖvY mÂvi K‡i Avm‡Q, ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ae`vb †i‡L Avm‡Q| G BDwbU †_‡K evwYwR¨K
e¨vs‡Ki msÁv I cÖKvi‡f`, Kvh©vejx I bxwZgvjv, FY-AvgvbZ m„wó Ges evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki mvsMVwbK KvVv‡gv ev
wewfbœ wefv‡Mi A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡b Gi f‚wgKv m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ Z_¨vw` AeMZ n‡Z cvi‡eb| Avmyb, BDwbUwU †kl
Kwi Ges G m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ †R‡b wbB|
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GB BDwb‡Ui cvVmg~n
cvV-3.1 : evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki aviYv I ¸iæZ¡
cvV-3.2 : evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki bxwZgvjv
cvV-3.3 : FY AvgvbZ m„wó
cvV-3.4 : wewbgq gva¨g m„wó
cvV-3.5 : A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡b e¨vs‡Ki f~wgKv
gyL¨ kãgvjv evwYwR¨K e¨vsK, e¨vsKvi, A_© eë¯’v|

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cvV-3.1 evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki aviYv I ¸iæZ¡

Concept and Importance of Commercial Bank
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evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki msÁv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki cÖKvi‡f` eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki aviYv

GK K_vq, evwYwR¨K ¯^v‡_© †h mKj e¨vsK MwVZ, cwiPvwjZ I wbqwš¿Z nq, Zv‡K evwYwR¨K e¨vsK
e‡j| e¨vsK ej‡Z g~jZ evwYwR¨K e¨vsK‡KB eySvq| evwYwR¨K e¨vsK‡K †K›`ª K‡iB AvaywbK e¨vsK
Ges †K›`ªxq e¨vsK eë¯’vi m„wó n‡q‡Q| Z‡e evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki c~em
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evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki K‡qKwU msÁv wb‡P †Ìqv n‡jv t
Aa¨vcK †ivRvi e‡j‡Qb, †h e¨vsK gybvdv AR©‡bi j‡ÿ¨ A_© Ges A‡_©i g~j¨ wb‡q Kvievi K‡i, Zv‡K evwYwR¨K
e¨vsK e‡j| †QvU n‡jI G msÁvwU evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki cy‡iv cwiPq enb K‡i|
Aa¨vcK Avi.Gm †mqvm©-Gi g‡Z, evwYwR¨K e¨vsK ïay A‡_©i KvieviB K‡i bv, eis A‡_©i ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Drcv`KI
e‡U|
Aa¨vcK G. bv_-Gi g‡Z, evwYwR¨K e¨vsK n‡jv gybvdv AR©bKvix GKwU ga¨¯’ZvKvix cÖwZôvb| Aa¨vcK GBP.
Gj. nv‡U©i g‡Z, evwYwR¨K e¨vsK n‡jv Ggb GKwU cÖwZôvb †h cÖwZôv‡bi ¯^vfvweK eëmvwqK Kvh©µg n‡jv
hv‡ì wbKU †_‡K A_© Rgv ‡bqv n‡q‡Q ev PjwZ wnmv‡e hv‡ì A_© Rgv ivLv n‡q‡Q, Zv‡ì Bmy¨K…Z †P‡Ki
g~j¨ cwi‡kva Kiv| G msÁvq gybvdv AR©‡bi welqwU bv Avm‡jI GwU evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki cy‡iv Kvh©µg Zz‡j
a‡i‡Q|
Dc‡ii msÁv¸‡jvi Av‡jv‡K Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi †h evwYwR¨K e¨vsK:
K) GKwU ga¨¯’ Avw_©K eëmvq cÖwZôvb;
L) A_© Ges A‡_©i g~j¨ wb‡q KvR K‡i;
M) gybvdv AR©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ Gi Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i;
N) GK c‡ÿi wbKU †_‡K ¯^í my‡` A_© msMÖn K‡i;
O) msM„nxZ A_© †ewk my‡` Ab¨ cÿ‡K FY wn‡m‡e cÖ`vb K‡i;
P) RgvKvix‡ì A_© †P‡Ki gva¨‡g ev bM‡` cwi‡kva K‡i Ges
GK cÿ †_‡K A_© MÖn‡Yi my` Ges Aci cÿ‡K FY`v‡bi my‡ì ga¨Kvi cv_©K¨B n‡jv evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki gybvdv|
evwYwR¨K e¨vsK ga¨¯’ Avw_©K cÖwZôvb wn‡m‡e ¯^í my‡` GK cÿ †_‡K M„nxZ UvKv ewa©Z my‡` Aci cÿ‡K FY
wn‡m‡e cÖ`vb K‡i, †P‡Ki g~j¨ cwi‡kva K‡i I wej evÆvKiY K‡i| RbMY evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡K A_© Rgv bv ivL‡j
Zvi c‡ÿ gybvdv AR©b Kiv m¤¢e n‡e bv| G Kvi‡Y ejv nq, ÒevwYwR¨K e¨vsK c‡ii a‡b †cvÏvix K‡i|Ó bvbv
ai‡bi evwYwR¨K e¨vsK i‡q‡Q|
m¤ú~Y© miKv‡ii D‡`¨v‡M MwVZ cwiPvwjZ Ges wbqwš¿Z e¨vsK‡K miKvwi evwYwR¨K e¨vsK e‡j| miKvi B‡”Q Ki‡j
Giƒc e¨vsK bZzb iƒ‡c MVb Ki‡Z cv‡i ev cÖwZwôZ †emiKvwi evwYwR¨K e¨vsK‡K RvZxqKiY K‡i Giƒc e¨vsK
m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i| †emiKvwi gvwjKvbvi D‡`¨v‡M †h evwYwR¨K e¨vsK MwVZ, cwiPvwjZ I wbqwš¿Z nq, Zv‡K
BDwbU 3 c„ôv 46
wdb¨vÝ, e¨vswKs I wegv wØZxq cÎ
†emiKvwi evwYwR¨K e¨vsK e‡j| we‡k¦i AwaKvsk evwYwR¨K e¨vsKB †emiKvwi gvwjKvbvq MwVZ, cwiPvwjZ I
wbqwš¿Z| we‡kl D‡Ïk¨ mva‡bi Rb¨ miKvwi I †emiKvwi D‡`¨v‡M †h e¨vsK cÖwZwôZ nq, Zv‡K we‡klvwqZ
evwYwR¨K e¨vsK e‡j| evsjv‡`‡k Giƒc e¨vs‡Ki g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q K…wl e¨vsK, ÿz`ª I KzwUi wkí e¨vsK BZ¨vw`| †h
evwYwR¨K e¨vsK ïaygvÎ ê‡`wkK gy`ªv wewbgq Ges Avg`vwb I ißvwb eëmv‡q RwoZ _v‡K, Zv‡K wewbgq evwYwR¨K
e¨vsK e‡j| GB e¨vs‡Ki Kv‡h©i g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q ê‡`wkK wewbgq wej fvsMv‡bv, cÖZ¨qcÎ †Lvjv, e¨vsK WªvdU cÖPvi
Ges Avg`vwb I ißvwb evwY‡R¨ A_© ms¯’vb BZ¨vw`| eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k eo eo evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jv ê‡`wkK
wewbgq wefvM ev kvLv Ly‡j ê‡`wkK wewbgq msµvšÍ †jb‡`b m¤úv`b K‡i Avm‡Q|
ZvwjKvfz³ evwYwR¨K e¨vsK
KwZcq Avek¨Kxq kZ© c~iY mv‡c‡ÿ †h mKj evwYwR¨K e¨vsK †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki m`m¨ n‡q e¨vswKs Kvh©µg
cwiPvjbv K‡i, Zv‡ì‡K ZvwjKvfz³ e¨vsK ejv nq| evsjv‡`‡ki mKj evwYwR¨K e¨vsKB †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki
ZvwjKvfz³ e¨vsK| †h mKj e¨vsK kZ© c~iY Ki‡Z e¨_© n‡q †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki ZvwjKvfz³ n‡Z cv‡i bv, Zv‡K
AZvwjKvfz³ e¨vsK ejv nq| Gevi Avmyb, Avgiv evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki êwkó¨ m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kwi|
evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki êwkó¨mg~nt
evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki msÁvmg~n we‡kølY Ki‡j Gi KwZcq jÿYxq êwkó¨ dz‡U D‡V| wb‡P ‰ewkó¨My‡jvi weeiY
†Ìqv n‡jv:
1. msMVbt evwYwR¨K e¨vsK mvaviYZ †hŠ_g~jabx wKsev mgevq cÖwZôvb wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ nq| A‡bK †`‡k ivóªxq
AvBb e‡j evwYwR¨K e¨vsK ¯’vwcZ nq| †hgb, Avgv‡ì †`‡k ¯^vaxbZvi cici we‡kl AvBb Rvwi K‡i
miKvwi gvwjKvbvq QqwU e¨vsK cÖwZôv Kiv nq| G¸‡jv n‡jv †mvbvjx e¨vsK, iƒcvjx e¨vsK, cyevjx e¨vsK,
DËiv e¨vsK, RbZv e¨vsK I AMÖYx e¨vsK|
2. gvwjKvbvt evwYwR¨K e¨vsK †emiKvix wKsev miKvix †h †Kvb ai‡bi gvwjKvbv wewkó n‡Z cv‡i| †emiKvix
Ges miKvix †hŠ_ gvwjKvbvqI evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki Aw¯ÍZ¡ †`L‡Z cvIqv hvq|
3. m`‡mï mxgve×Zvt †hŠ_ gvwjKvbvq evwbwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki b~¨bZg m`m¨ msL¨v n‡jv mvZ Rb Ges m‡e©v”P msL¨v
Aby‡gvw`Z g~jab I cÖwZwU †kqv‡ii bvwgK g~j¨ Øviv wba©vwiZ nq (cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvbxi †ÿ‡Î)|
Askx`vix evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki m`m¨ msL¨v wKš‘ `k R‡bi †ewk n‡Z cv‡i bv| evsjv‡`‡k Askx`vix evwYwR¨K
e¨vsK †bB|
4. cÖK„wZMZ ‰ewkó¨t evwYwR¨K e¨vsK GKK e¨vswKs ev †h †Kvb cÖK„wZ wewkó n‡Z cv‡i| eZ©gv‡b GKgvÎ gvwK©b
hy³ivóª Qvov Avi †Kv_vI GKK e¨vswKs eë¯’vi Aw¯ÍZ¡ bvB| c„w_ex †Rvov kvLv e¨vswKs eë¯’vB cÖmvi jvf
K‡i‡Q| Avgv‡ì †`‡k kvLv e¨vswKs-Gi cÖPjb i‡q‡Q|
5. F‡bi eëmvqxt evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki Av‡iKwU A™¢~Z ‰ewkó¨ n‡jv, GwU F‡Yi eëmvqx, cb¨`ª‡eï eëmvqx bq|
GwU A‡_©i Kvievi K‡i, Ab¨ wKQzi bq| e¨vsK A_© Qvov Ab¨ wKQzi eëmv Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
6. gybvdv AR©bt gybvdv jv‡fi D‡Ï‡k¨ gyjZt evwYwR¨K e¨vsK cÖwZwôZ nq| Aek¨ ivóªvqË evwYwR¨K e¨vsK
gybvdvi mv‡_ mv‡_ RbKj¨v‡Yi cÖwZI h‡_ó ¸iæZ¡v‡ivc K‡i| G Kvi‡Y cªvq eQi miKvwi evwYwR¨K
e¨vsK¸‡jv‡K g~jab fZz©wK w`‡Z nq|
7. eëmv‡qi Dcv`vbt evwYwR¨K e¨vsK eëmv‡qi cÖavb Dcv`vb n‡jv UvKv-cqmv| UvKv-cqmv †jb‡`b Kiv Gi
gyL¨ KvR| G Rb¨ ejv nq, e¨vs‡Ki Input I output DfqB UvKv|
8. AvgvbZ MÖnYt evwYwR¨K e¨vsK RbM‡bi KvQ †_‡K UvKv-cqmv AvgvbZ wnmv‡e MÖnY K‡i| AvgvbZx UvKv jMœx
K‡i gybvdv AR©b K‡i|
9. FY m„wót evwYwR¨K e¨vsK Rbmvavi‡Yi KvQ †_‡K AvgvbZ MÖn‡Yi cvkvcvwk FY gÄy‡ii gva¨‡g FY m„wó
K‡i|
BDwbU 3 c„ôv 47
10. wewbgq gva¨g m„wót evwYwR¨K e¨vsK wewbg‡qi gva¨g wnmv‡e †PK Bmy¨ K‡i| †PK †jb‡`‡bi GKwU mnR
gva¨g|
11. ¯^í‡gqv`x F‡Yi eëmvqt AvgvbZx UvKv PvBevgvÎ cwi‡kva Ki‡Z nq e‡j evwYwR¨K e¨vsK †h †Kvb †`‡ki
gy`ªv evRv‡i ¯^í‡gqv`x FY mieivnKvix wnmv‡e mgwaK cwiwPZ| Aek¨ †Kvb †Kvb †`‡k AvRKvj evwYwR¨K
e¨vsK ¯^í cwigv‡Y `xN©‡gqv`x FYI w`‡q _v‡K|
12. SzuwK MÖnYt FY gÄyi, cÖZ¨qcÎ †Lvjv BZ¨vw` me iKg e¨vswKs Kv‡h©B SzuwK wbwnZ| evwYwR¨K e¨vsK Gme SzuwK
m¤^wjZ Kvhv©ejx m¤úv`b K‡i gybvdv AR©b K‡i|
Rvbv n‡jv evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki KwZcq êwkó¨| Gevi Avmyb, Gi ¸iæZ¡ m¤ú‡K© †R‡b wbB|
evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki ¸iæZ¡ I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv

Dbœqbkxj †`‡k evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki ¸iæZ¡ me©vwaK| GwU A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡b we‡kl f~wgKv cvjb K‡i | A_©bxwZi
wewfbœ †m±‡i evwYwR¨K e¨vsK wKfv‡e mnvqZv K‡i Zv wb‡P Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv t
1. g~jab MVbt evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jv †`‡ki wewfbœ AÂj †_‡K RbM‡Yi wewÿß mÂq msMÖn Kivi gva¨‡g g~jab
MV‡b mvnvh¨ K‡i| g~jab †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK cÖMwZi Rb¨ Acwinvh©| evwYwR¨K e¨vsK g~jab MVb K‡i
cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e eëmvqx‡ì mvnvh¨ K‡i Ges c‡ivÿfv‡e RvZxq A_©bxwZi PvKv‡K mPj iv‡L|
2. mÂ‡q AbycÖvwYZKiYt †`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i g~jab MVb K‡i wkíLv‡Z wewb‡qv‡Mi j‡ÿ¨ evwYwR¨K e¨vsK RbMY‡K
mÂq e„w× Kivi Rb¨ wewfbœfv‡e AbycÖvwYZ K‡i| evwYwR¨K e¨vsK AvgvbZx UvKvi Dci AwaK nv‡i my` cÖ`vb
K‡i RbmvaviY‡K UvKv-cqmv mÂq Ki‡Z DØy× K‡i| G QvovI, AvgvbZx UvKv †ndvR‡Z ivLvi wbðqZv
†`q| d‡j RbmvaviY mÂq evov‡Z Drmvn cvq|
3. K…wli Dbœqbt eZ©gv‡b A‡bK †`‡k, we‡kl K‡i Dbœqbkxj †`‡k, evwYwR¨K e¨vsK K…wlLv‡Zi Dbœq‡bi Rb¨
K…wl-FY mieivn K‡i| K…wl-FY cÖ`v‡bi d‡j K…l‡Kiv fv‡jvfv‡e K„wli Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq hš¿cvwZ I
wewfbœ DcKiY µq Ki‡Z cv‡i| G‡Z K…wl Drcv`b e„w× cvq Ges K…lK †kÖwYi Rxeb avi‡Yi gv‡bi DbœwZ
nq|
4. AvÂwjK Dbœqbt A_©‰bwZK cÖMwZ‡Z evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki Ae`vb me©Rb¯^xK…Z| A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb GKwU RwUj
cÖwµqv| Dbœqbkxj †`‡k GK_v mev©waK mZ¨| KviY Gme †`‡k A_©bxwZi KvVv‡gvMZ cwieZ©b me©`vB cwi`„ó
nq| A_©bxwZi Dbœq‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ ïay wk‡íi Rb¨B A_©ms¯’v‡bi ìKvi nq bv, K…wl I eëmv-evwY‡Rï
RbÏ Gi cÖ‡qvRb| A_©bxwZi G RwUj cÖwµqvi bvwowe›`y n‡jv evwYwR¨K e¨vsK|
5. Af¨šÍixY evwY‡R¨ mnvqZvt evwYwR¨K e¨vsKmg~n †`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i eëmvqx‡ì FY cÖ`vb K‡i, wewbg‡q wej
fv½vq, A_© ¯’vbvšÍ‡i mvnvh¨ K‡i Ges AviI wewea Kg© m¤úv`b K‡i eëmv-evwY‡Rï Dbœq‡b Acwimxg
mnvqZv K‡i _v‡K| evwYwR¨K e¨vsK bv _vK‡j eëmv evwY‡R¨ wbtm‡›`‡n ¯’weiZv m„wó n‡Zv| e¨vsK RbM‡Yi
mÂq MÖnY K‡i †`‡ki GK cÖvšÍ n‡Z Ab¨ cÖv‡šÍ ¯’vbvšÍwiZ K‡i| †hLv‡b Znwej wbw¯Œq _v‡K †mLvb †_‡K Zv
msMÖn K‡i evwYwR¨K e¨vsK GwU‡K Ab¨Î Drcv`bkxj Kv‡h© wewb‡qvM K‡i| Gfv‡e e¨vsK AvšÍtAvÂwjK
Dbœqb †ÿ‡Î mgZv Avbq‡b mnvqZv K‡i|
6. AvšÍRv©wZK eëmv‡q A_©-ms¯’vbt ißvwb e„w×i †ÿ‡Î evwYwR¨K e¨vsK h‡_ó mnvqZv K‡i| ê‡`wkK evwY‡R¨
A_©-ms¯’vb e¨vs‡Ki GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Kv‡R cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| evwYwR¨K e¨vsK ïay ißvwbi `wjjcÎ I cÖZ¨qc‡Îi
(Gj/wm) ¯’vbvšÍi Ges civgk© cÖ`vb wb‡qB e¨¯Í _v‡K bv| ißvwb †ÿ‡Î A_©-ms¯’vb QvovI we‡`kx evRvi I
LwiÏvi m¤ú‡K© LeivLei msMÖn K‡i eëmvqx‡ì mieivn K‡i|
7. `ªe¨g~‡jï w¯’wZkxjZvt eZ©gv‡b ïay evsjv‡`‡kB bq, c„w_exi Dbœqbkxj †`k¸‡jv‡ZI gvivZ¥K AvKv‡i
`ªe¨g~j¨ e„w× cv‡”Q| evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jv `ªe¨g~j¨ w¯’wZkxj ivLvi D‡Ï‡k¨ †K›`ªxq e¨vsK KZ…K
© M„nxZ FY
wbqš¿Y bxwZ hv‡Z ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡Z cv‡i, †m Rb¨ mn‡hvwMZv K‡i _v‡K|
BDwbU 3 c„ôv 48
8. gy`ªvi A_©‰bwZK eënvit †P‡Ki gva¨‡g eëmv‡qi †jb‡`b m¤úvw`Z K‡i evwYwR¨K e¨vsK gy`vª i A_©‰bwZK
eënv‡i mnvqZv K‡i| †P‡Ki eënv‡ii d‡j UvKv nviv‡bvi fq `~i nq| e¨vswKs-Gi Dbœq‡bi d‡j wewbg‡qi
cÖavb gva¨g UvKvi cwie‡Z© †PK eënvi m¤¢e n‡q‡Q| eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k †µwWU Kv‡W©i eënvi ivZvivwZ
†e‡oB P‡j‡Q|
9. ¯^í‡gqv`x FY mieivnt ¯^í‡gqv`x FY mieivn K‡i evwYwR¨K e¨vsK e„n`vKvi Drcv`b I e›U‡b mnvqZv
Ki‡Q| PjwZ g~ja‡bi Rb¨ ¯^íKvjxb F‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb Ab¯^xKvh©| e¨vsK eëmvqx‡ì PjwZ gyja‡bi mgm¨v
`~ixf~Z K‡i wk‡ívrcv`‡bi mvejxj MwZ Ae¨vnZ iv‡L|
10. wewb‡qv‡M Drmvn m„wót eëmvqx I wkícwZiv cywRui cÖ‡qvRb †eva Ki‡j Zviv Zv evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki mwÂZ
Znwej n‡Z msMÖn Ki‡Z cv‡i| e¨vsK¸‡jvI jvfRbK wkí I eëmvq cÖwZôv‡b Znwej wewb‡qvM Ki‡Z wØav
K‡i bv| d‡j mvgwMÖKfv‡e †`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i wewb‡qv‡M Drmvn m„wó nq|
11. RxebhvÎvi gvb e„w×t evwYwR¨K e¨vsK FY cÖ`vb K‡i ïay eëmv-evwY‡R¨B MwZi mÂvi K‡i bv, G¸‡jv †K›`ªxq
e¨vs‡Ki mv‡_ FY wbqš¿‡Y mn‡hvwMZv K‡i †`‡ki wfZ‡i gy`vª ùxwZ †iv‡aI mnvqZv K‡i| gy`ªvùxwZ †iva,
wewb‡qv‡M Drmvn m„wó, Drmvn e„w× I Ab¨vb¨ Avw_©K Kvh©µ‡gi Øviv evwYwR¨K e¨vsKmg~n mw¤§wjZfv‡e
RbM‡Yi RxebhvÎvi gvb e„w×‡Z ¸iæZ¡c~Y© fzwgKv cvjb K‡i|
12. wewbg‡qi gva¨g m„wót evwYwR¨K e¨vsK †PK, WªvdU, wewbgq wej, †c-AW©vi BZ¨vw` wewfbœ cÖKv‡ii wewbgq
gva¨g m„wó K‡i| wewbg‡qi GB gva¨gmg~n bM` A‡_©i cwie‡Z© eënvi Kiv hvq e‡j G¸‡jv A_© ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii
LiP n«vm K‡i Ges RbMY I eëmvqx‡ì †jb‡`b mnRZi K‡i|
13. FY wbqš¿‡Y mnvqZvt evwYwR¨K e¨vsKMy‡jv mwVKfv‡e mnvqZv bv Ki‡j †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki c‡ÿ †`‡ki ‡fZ‡i
F‡Yi cwigvY wbqš¿Y Kiv Am¤¢e| ZvB †K›`ªxq e¨vsK KZ…©K cÖ‡qvMK…Z FY wbqš¿Y Kg©mw~ Pi mdj ev¯Íevq‡b
evwYwR¨K e¨vsK we‡kl fzwgKv cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i|
Dc‡ii Av‡jvPbvq cÖZxqgvb nq †h, evwYwR¨K e¨vsK eëmv-evwYR¨ cÖmv‡ii gva¨‡g †`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡Z me©`v
BwZevPK cÖfve we¯Ívi Ki‡Q|
wkÿv_©xi KvR Avcbvi Ávb SvjvB Kivi Rb¨ evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki êwkó¨ LvZvq wjLyb|
mvims‡ÿc:
gybvdv AR©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ †h e¨vsK MwVZ, cwiPvwjZ I wbqwš¿Z nq, Zv‡K evwYwR¨K e¨vsK e‡j| GB e¨vsK
mgv‡Ri GK c‡ÿi wbKU †_‡K ¯^í my‡` A_© MÖnY K‡i Ges †ewk my‡` Aci cÿ‡K FY `vb K‡i| gvwjKvbv
wfwËK †kªYxweb¨v‡mi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q miKvwi, †emiKvwi, †hŠ_ gvwjKvbvaxb Ges ¯^vqËkvwmZ e¨vsK n‡Z cv‡i|
evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki m¤úvw`Z Kvh©vejxi Av‡jv‡K Bnv‡K mvaviY, we‡klvwqZ, wewb‡qvM, mÂqx Ges wgkª BZ¨vw`
iƒ‡c web¨v¯Í Kiv hvq| e¨vswKs c×wZi Av‡jv‡K GwU‡K GKK, kvLv, †PBb, MÖæc Ges wgkª e¨vswKs wnmv‡e
†kªYxe× Kiv hvq| Aci w`‡K †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki mv‡_ m¤ú‡K©i wfwË‡Z Bnv‡K ZvwjKvfz³ Ges A-ZvwjKvfz³
GB `yB †kªYx‡Z web¨vm Kiv hvq| †`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡Z me©`v eëmv-evwY‡Rï cÖmv‡ii gva¨‡g evwYwR¨K e¨vsK
BwZevPK Ae`vb ivL‡Q|
BDwbU 3 c„ôv 49
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-3.1
mwVK DË‡ii cv‡k wUK (√ √) wPý w`b|

1. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki g~j D‡Ïk¨ Kx?
K. Avw_©K Kj¨vY L. gybvdv AR©b
M. Rb Kj¨vY N. mvgvwRK Dbœqb
2. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK †Kvb ai‡bi cÖwZôvb?
K. ga¨¯’ eëmvqx L. ga¨¯ÍKvix
M. ga¨¯’ Avw_©K N. we‡klvwqZ
3. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki êwkó¨ †KvbwU?
K. mvgvwRK Dbœqb L. Kg©ms¯’vb
M. wewbgq gva¨g m„wó N. ‡bvU Qvcv‡bv
4. †KvbwU mvaviY e¨vswKs Kvh© wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ nq?
K. åg‡Y mnvqZv L. Zvij¨ msiÿY
M. Ae‡jLb N. Dc‡`óv
5. evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki bvg Kx?
K. RbZv e¨vsK wj: L. ‡mvbvjx e¨vsK wj:
M. DËiv e¨vsK wj: N. Bmjvgx e¨vsK wj:
6. ‡Kvb †ÿ‡Î evwYwR¨K e¨vsK mvwUwd‡KU Bmy¨ K‡i?
i. Avw_©K ¯^”QjZv ii. Avw_©K wbðqZv
iii. eëmv‡qi mybvg
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K. i I ii L. i, ii I iii
M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii
7. ‡P‡Ki A_© Av`vq I cwi‡kva n‡jv evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡KiÑ
i. mvaviY KvR ii. cÖwZwbwag~jK KvR
iii. ‡mevg~jK KvR
BDwbU 3 c„ôv 50
cvV-3.2 evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki Kvh©vejx Ges bxwZgvjv

Functions and Principles of Commercial Bank
D‡Ïk¨

evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki Kvh©vejx eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
e¨vsK eëmv‡qi bxwZgvjvi weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki Kvh©vejx

evwYwR¨K e¨vsK ïay gybvdv AR©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ AvgvbZ MÖnY I FY`vbB K‡i bv, evwYwR¨K Av‡iv wKQy
Kvh©vejx m¤úv`b K‡i| Av‡jvPbvi myweav‡_© G¸‡jv‡K 4wU †kªYx‡Z wef³ Kiv n‡jv-
K) mvaviY e¨vswKs Kvh©vejx
L) cÖwZwbwaZ¡g~jK Kvh©vejx
M) RbwnZKi ev Kj¨vYg~jK Kvh©vejx
N) wewea Kvh©vejx|
wb‡P G¸‡jvi weeiY †Ìqv n‡jv t
K) mvaviY e¨vswKs Kvh©vejx (General Banking Functions)
1. AvgvbZ MÖnY t evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki g~j KvR n‡jv wewfbœ wnmv‡ei gva¨‡g AvgvbZ MÖnY Kiv| GwU gvby‡li wewÿß
I Ajm AvgvbZ MÖnY K‡i Ges c‡i Zv Drcv`bgyLx Kv‡R I jvfRbK Lv‡Z wewb‡qvM K‡i| evwYwR¨K e¨vsK
mvaviYZ PjwZ wnmve, ¯’vqx wnmve Ges mÂqx wnmv‡ei gva¨‡g AvgvbZ MÖnY K‡i _v‡K| RbM‡Yi AvgvbZ MÖnY
Ges jvfRbK wewb‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g evwYwR¨K e¨vsK †`‡ki g~jab MV‡b ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i|
2. FY cÖ`vbt evwYwR¨K e¨vsK AvgvbZ wn‡m‡e †h A_© msMÖn K‡i Zvi wKQy Ask AvgvbZKvix‡ì ˆ`bw›`b `vwe
wgUv‡bvi ci evwK A_© eëmvqx‡ì FY wn‡m‡e cÖ`vb K‡i| Gfv‡e eëmvqxiv A_©‰bwZK Kg©KvÐ cwiPvjbv K‡i
†`‡ki A_©bxwZi PvKv mPj iv‡L|
3. FY AvgvbZ m„wót evwYwR¨K e¨vsK g‡°j‡ì FY gÄyi Kivi ci bM‡` A_© cÖ`vb bv K‡i GKwU e¨vsK wnmv‡ei
gva¨‡g cÖ`vb K‡i| d‡j g‡°j‡ì wnmv‡e gÄyiK…Z F‡Yi AeëüZ UvKv Rgv _v‡K| Gfv‡e FY gÄyi K‡i e¨vsK
bZzb AvgvbZ m„wó K‡i, hv e¨vs‡Ki Znwej I FY`vb ÿgZv e„w× K‡i|
4. mwÂZ A_© D‡Ëvjb myweavt evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡K mwÂZ A_© g‡°j‡ì PvBevgvÎ cÖ`vb Ki‡Z nq| PjwZ wnmve
†_‡K g‡°j Kvh©wè‡m hZ evi Lywk UvKv D‡Ëvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i| mÂqx wnmv‡e wbqggvwdK mßv‡n `yB evi Ges
†gqv`x wnmv‡e †gqv`-†k‡l my`mn UvKv D‡Ëvjb Kiv hvq|
5. wewbg‡qi gva¨g m„wót evwYwR¨K e¨vsK †PK, †µwWU KvW©, WªvdU, †c-AW©vi, cÖZ¨qcÎ, wewbgq wej BZ¨vw`
n¯ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨ `wj‡ji gva¨‡g wewbgq gva¨g m„wó‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| †m Kvi‡Y evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki G Kvh©µg¸‡jv gy`vª
mieiv‡ni D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Ask|
6. jvfRbK wewb‡qvMt gybvdv AR©b gyL¨ D‡Ïk¨ weavq evwYwR¨K e¨vsK msM„nxZ AvgvbZ m‡e©v”P jvfRbK Lv‡Z
wewb‡qv‡M me©`v m‡Pó _v‡K| G‡ÿ‡Î g~ja‡bi wbivcËv, m‡e©v”P gybvdv Ges †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK mg„w× BZ¨vw`
we‡ePbv K‡i A_© wewb‡qvM K‡i| d‡j e¨vs‡Ki gybvdvi cwigvY e„w× cvq|
BDwbU 3 c„ôv 51
7. g~jab MVbt evwYwR¨K e¨vsK †`‡ki wewfbœ AÂ‡j kvLv ¯’vcb K‡i RbM‡Yi wbKU †_‡K A_© mÂq K‡i|
Gfv‡e mwÂZ A_© †`‡ki g~jab MV‡b Ges †`kxq wkí I eëmv-evwY‡Rï A_© †hvMv‡b we‡kl f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i|
8. wewbgq wej evÆvKiYt evwYwR¨K e¨vsK eëmvqx‡ì wewbgq wej †gqv` c~wZ©i c~‡e© wbw`©ó nv‡i fvswM‡q Zv‡ì
A‡_©i †hvMvb †`q| d‡j †gqv`c~wZ©i c~‡e©B A_© †c‡q eëmvqxMY DcK…Z nq Ges cÖvß evÆv e¨vs‡Ki jvf wn‡m‡e
_v‡K|
9. FY wbqš¿‡Y mvnvh¨t †`‡ki A_© I gy`vª evRvi w¯’wZkxj ivLvi Rb¨ †K›`ªxqe¨vsK FY wbqš¿Y K‡i| evwYwR¨K
e¨vsK †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki FY wbqš¿Y bxwZ ev¯Íevq‡b mKj cÖKvi mn‡hvwMZv K‡i _v‡K|
10. ê‡`wkK evwY‡R¨ mnvqZvt evwYwR¨K e¨vsK Avg`vwb-ißvwb Z_v ê‡`wkK evwY‡R¨ mKj cÖKvi mn‡hvwMZv
K‡i _v‡K| g‡°‡ji c‡ÿ evwYwR¨K e¨vsK cÖZ¨qcÎ Bmy¨ K‡i, wewbgq we‡j ¯^xK…wZ †`q, wewbgq nvi wba©viY K‡i
Ges UªvÝdv‡ii gva¨‡g ê‡`wkK †`bv-cvIbv wb®úwË K‡i †`q|
mvaviY Kv‡Ri evB‡iI evwYwR¨K e¨vsK bvbv ai‡bi cÖwZwbwaZ¡g~jK Kvh©vejx m¤úv`b K‡i| Avmyb, G¸‡jv ‡R‡b
†bB|
L) evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki cÖwZwbwaZ¡g~jK Kvh©vejx (Agency Functions of Commercial Banks)

1. wewea A_© Av`vq Ges cwi‡kvat evwYwR¨K e¨vsK g‡°‡ji c‡ÿ †PK, wewbgq wej, WªvdU, ûwÛ BZ¨vwì UvKv
msMÖn K‡i| Avevi g‡°j‡ì cÖwZwbwa wn‡m‡e Puv`v, wcÖwgqvg, fvov, wej BZ¨vw` cwi‡kva K‡i|
2. †kqvi-wmwKDwiwU µq-weµqt evwYwR¨K e¨vsK Zvi g‡°‡ji c‡ÿ Zvi cÖwZôv‡bi †kqvi, ÷K, wW‡eÂvi
BZ¨vw` µq-weµ‡q mvnvh¨ K‡i _v‡K| Aci w`‡K, miKvwi eÛ, wmwKDwiwU µq-weµ‡qI GwU †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K
mvnvh¨ K‡i| GmKj Kv‡Ri wewbg‡q evwYwR¨K e¨vsK Kwgkb †c‡q _v‡K|
3. AwQ wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjbt evwYwR¨K e¨vsK g‡°‡ji ÿgZvcÖvß cÖwZwbwa wn‡m‡e Zvi m¤úwËi wR¤§v`v‡ii `vwqZ¡
cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i|
4. †MvcbxqZv iÿvt evwYwR¨K e¨vsK Zvi g‡°‡ji wnmv‡ei Z_¨¸‡jvi e¨vcv‡i m¤ú~Y© †MvcbxqZv iÿv K‡i|
AvgvbZKvix‡ì Av¯’v AR©‡bi ˆbwZK `vwqZ¡ wn‡m‡eB e¨vsK GB KvR K‡i _v‡K|
5. wbivcËv weavbt evwYwR¨K e¨vsK Zvi g‡°j‡ì mwÂZ mKj Avgvb‡Zi wbivcËv weavb K‡i| GQvov jKvi
eë¯’v cÖeZ©‡bi gva¨‡g g~jëvb wRwbm †hgb AjsKvi, `wjjcÎ, eÛ, †kqvi, wW‡eÂvi BZ¨vw` wbivc‡` msiÿ‡Yi
eë¯’v K‡i| Gi Rb¨ e¨vsK evrmwiK GKwU wd Av`vq K‡i|
6. we‡j ¯^xK…wZ Ges A_© †cÖiYt wewbgq wej‡K evwY‡Rï cÖvY wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv nq| †m Kvi‡Y, evwYwR¨K e¨vsK
Zvi g‡°‡ji ÿgZvcÖvß cÖwZwbwa wn‡m‡e wewbgq we‡j ¯^xK…wZ †`q Ges g‡°‡ji cvIbv`vi‡ì cvIbv cwi‡kva
K‡i| G‡Z eëmv‡qi Kvh©µg mvejxj _v‡K|
7. Ae‡jLK wn‡m‡e KvRt bZzb cÖwZwôZ †Kv¤úvwbi †kqvi Bmy¨ Kivi mgq e¨vsK Ae‡jLK wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ MÖnY
K‡i| e¨vsK KL‡bv wb‡RB Zv wK‡b †bq| d‡j bZzb †Kv¤úvwbi †kqvi-FYcÎ wewµi AwbðqZv n«vm cvq|
8. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki cÖwZwbwat †hLv‡b †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki cÖwZwbwa wn‡m‡e wbKvk Ni †bB †mLv‡b evwYwR¨K e¨vsK
†K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki c‡ÿ A_© MÖnY I cÖ`vb K‡i Ges wewfbœ A_©‰bwZK M‡elYv, mfv, †mwgbvi BZ¨vwì Av‡qvRb
Kivi cvkvcvwk AskMÖnYI K‡i|
M) evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki RbwnZKi Kvh©vejx (Public Utility Functions of Commercial Banks)

evwYwR¨K e¨vsK KZ©„K m¤úvw`Z RbwnZKi ev Kj¨vYg~jK Kvh©vejxi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Qt
BDwbU 3 c„ôv 52
1. A_© †cÖiYt evwYwR¨K e¨vsK †PK, †µwWU KvW©, e¨vsK WªvdU, †c-AW©vi BZ¨vwì gva¨‡g †`‡k-we‡`‡k A_©
†cÖi‡Y g‡°j‡K mvnvh¨ K‡i|
2. bM` µ‡qi SzuwK n«vmt evwYwR¨K e¨vsK KZ©„K Bmy¨K…Z †PK, †µwWU KvW©, e¨vsK WªvdU, †c-AW©vi, åvg¨gvb †PK,
†gvevBj e¨vswKs BZ¨vw` eënvi K‡i bM` A_© QvovB cÖ‡qvRbxq cY¨ mvgMÖx †Kbv hvq| d‡j eëmvqx‡ì bM` A_©
en‡bi SzuwK n«vm cvq|
3. ågYKvix‡ì mvnvh¨t evwYwR¨K e¨vsK †µwWU KvW©, WªvdU, åvg¨gvb †PK I †PK Bmy¨ K‡i åg‡Y Drmvnx
RbMY‡K e¨vcKfv‡e DrmvwnZ K‡i _v‡K| G Qvov eZ©gv‡b Ab-jvBb e¨vswKs cÖeZ©b K‡i c„w_exi †h‡Kvb †`k
†_‡K A_© D‡Ëvj‡bi my‡hvM K‡i w`‡q‡Q|
4. ¯^”QjZvi mb` cÖ`vbt evwYwR¨K e¨vsK MÖvnK‡ì we‡`k åg‡Y AvMÖnx e¨w³ Ges we‡`‡k covïbvq AvMÖnx QvÎ-
QvÎx‡ì AwffveK‡ì Avw_©K m”QjZv m¤ú‡K© mb` cÎ cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K| KviY e¨vsKB GKRb e¨w³i m”QjZvi
wel‡q fvjfv‡e Rv‡b|
5. civgk© cÖ`vbt evwYwR¨K e¨vsK g‡°j‡ì cÖ‡qvR‡b eëmv msµvšÍ wel‡q wewfbœ Dc‡`k I civgk© cÖ`vb K‡i|
e¨vsK †ckv`vi †jvK wb‡qvM K‡i Giƒc Kvh©m¤úv`b K‡i| Zviv eëmv‡qi bv wel‡q cvi`kx© Ges g‡°j‡K civgk©
w`‡q we‡kl DcKvi K‡i|
N) wewea Kvh©vejx
Dc‡iv³ Kvh©vejx QvovI evwYwR¨K e¨vsK Av‡iv wKQy Kvh©µg m¤úv`b K‡i _v‡K, †m¸‡jv n‡jv-
1. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK g‡°j‡ì myweav‡_© A‡bK mgq mvwj‡ki gva¨‡g we‡iva wb®úwË K‡i;
2. GwU Rbkw³i Dbœq‡b wbR¯^ cÖwkÿY Bbw÷wUDU cwiPvjbvi gva¨‡g wewfbœ cÖwkÿY Kg©m~wP MÖnY I
ev¯Íevqb K‡i|
3. e¨vsK eëmv‡qi wewfbœ w`K Dbœq‡bi j‡ÿ¨ wewfbœ M‡elYv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i|
4. e¨vswKs Kvh©µ‡gi Dci wbqwgZ wewfbœ wi‡cvU© I mvgwqKx cÖKvk I cÖPvi K‡i|
evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki bxwZgvjv (Principles of Commercial Bank)
evwYwR¨K e¨vsK g~jZ: my‡ì eëmv K‡i| hwÌ Bmjvwg e¨vsK gybvdvi wewbg‡q e¨vswKs Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i|
evwYwR¨K e¨vsK GKwU Avw_©K cÖwZôvb| ZvB Zv‡K AvgvbZ msMÖn I wewb‡qvM Kv‡R m‡e©v”P `ÿZv I wePÿYZvi
cwiPq w`‡Z nq| G Kvi‡Y e¨vsK‡K KwZcq bxwZgvjv †g‡b Pj‡Z nq| Avmyb, G¸‡jv Av‡jvPbv Kwi|
1. Zvi‡jï bxwZ (Principle of Liquidity) t GwU evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki cÖavb bxwZ| g‡°j‡ì RgvK…Z A_©
PvBevgvÎ †dir †`qvi ÿgZvB n‡jv Zvij¨| G bxwZ Abyhvqx evwYwR¨K e¨vsK Zvi AwfÁZvi Av‡jv‡K wbw`©ó
cwigv‡ci A_© me mgq bM‡` msiÿY K‡i| †mLvb †_‡K PvBevgvÎ g‡°j‡ì †P‡Ki A_© cwi‡kva Ki‡Z cv‡i|
hw` e¨vsK g‡°‡ji A_© PvBevgvÎ †diZ bv w`‡Z cv‡i Zvn‡j H e¨vs‡Ki cÖwZ gvby‡li m‡›`n n‡e Ges mK‡j
GK†hv‡M A_©`vex Ke‡j Avi w`‡Z cvi‡e bv| G‡Z e¨vsK †`Dwjqv n‡q hv‡e|
2. wbivcËvi bxwZ (Principle of safety) t evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki cÖvY n‡jv AvgvbZKvix‡ì A_©| ZvB Avgvb‡Zi
Ges wewb‡qv‡Mi m‡e©v”P wbivcËv wbwðZ Kiv e¨vs‡Ki ¸iæZ¡c~Y© bxwZ|
3. m”QjZvi bxwZ (Principle of solvency) t evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki ch©vß g~jab I Avw_©K msMwZ _vK‡Z n‡e|
jvfRbK wewb‡qvM I AvgvbZKvix‡ì Av¯’v AR©‡b GwU AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© bxwZ|
4. `ÿ wewb‡qvM bxwZ (Efficient investment policy) t msM„nxZ AvgvbZ wewb‡qvM K‡iB evwYwR¨K e¨vsK gybvdv
AR©b K‡i| G wewb‡qvM jvfRbK n‡j AR©bI Z‡Zv †ewk n‡e| GRb¨ evwYwR¨K e¨vsK‡K me‡P‡q jvfRbK I
wbivc` Lv‡Z A_© wewb‡qv‡M hZœevb n‡Z nq|
BDwbU 3 c„ôv 53
5. gybvdvR©b bxwZ (Principle of profit earning) t evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki g~j jÿ¨ gybvdv AR©b Kiv| G Rb¨ Zv‡K
AwaK AvgvbZ msMÖn Ki‡Z nq Ges msM„nxZ AvgvbZ †_‡K Kvg¨ gvÎvq Zvij¨ †i‡L evKx Znwej m‡e©v”P
gybvdvRbK Lv‡Z wewb‡qv‡Mi bxwZ MÖnY Ki‡Z nq|
6. Av¯’v AR©b bxwZ (Principle of creating confidence) t evwYwR¨K e¨vsK‡K Aek¨B AvgvbZKvix I
wewb‡qvMKvix‡ì Av¯’v AR©b Ki‡Z nq| G bxwZ Aej¤^‡bi gva¨‡g e¨vsK RbM‡Yi Mfxi Av¯’v I wek¦vm AR©b
Ki‡Z cv‡i| Av¯’vi Afv‡e e¨vs‡Ki †Ìwjqv nIqvi m¤¢vebv _v‡K|
7. mÂq bxwZ (Principle of saving) t RbM‡Yi mÂ‡qi Dci evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki AvgvbZ, wewb‡qvM Ges gybvdv
wbf©i K‡i| G bxwZi gva¨‡g evwYwR¨K e¨vsK m‡e©v”P AvgvbZ msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ RbMY‡K mÂ‡q Drmvnx K‡i Ges
KL‡bv ewa©Z my‡hvMmyweavI cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K|
8. wgZe¨wqZvi bxwZ (Principle of economy) t e¨vs‡Ki eë¯’vcbv LiP †ewk n‡j ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB gybvdv K‡g
hv‡e| †mRb¨ me©†ÿ‡Î e¨q ms‡KvPb K‡i wgZe¨qxZvi bxwZ AbymiY Ki‡Z nq|
9. DËg †mevi bxwZ (Principle of better service) t evwYwR¨K e¨vsK‡K mvdj¨ wbwð‡Zi Rb¨ AvgvbZKvix I
MÖvnK‡ì DËg †mev wbwðZ Ki‡Z nq| AvgvbZKvixMY †hLv‡b fv‡jv †mev, my‡hvM-myweav cvq †mLv‡bB A_© mÂq
K‡i| ZvB DËg †mev w`‡q Zv‡K g‡°j‡ì g‡a¨ BwZevPK fveg~wZ© cÖwZôv Ki‡Z nq|
10. my`ÿ eë¯’vcbv bxwZ (Principle of efficient management) t evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki mvwe©K mvdj¨ wbf©i K‡i
eë¯’vcbvi c×wZ, Kjv‡KŠkj I bxwZgvjv mwVKfv‡e cÖ‡qv‡Mi Dci| G bxwZ Abyhvqx evwYwR¨K e¨vsK I
eë¯’vcbvq `ÿZv AR©b Ki‡e|
11. we‡klvq‡bi bxwZ (Principle of specialization) t GB bxwZi Av‡jv‡K evwYwR¨K e¨vsK‡K Zvi mKj
Kvh©µg‡K Kv‡h©i cÖK…wZ Abyhvqx wewfbœ wefv‡M fvM Kiv nq| Kgx©‡ì †hvM¨Zvi Av‡jv‡K Kvh© e›Ub K‡i †Ìqv
nq| KL‡bv we‡kl kvLv‡K we‡kl e¨vswKs Kvh©µg m¤úv`‡bi `vwqZ¡ †Ìqv nq|
12. mgqvbyewZ©Zvi bxwZ (Priniciple of punctuality) t GB bxwZi g~j K_v n‡jv wbe©vwPZ mg‡qi g‡a¨ g‡°j‡ì
†mev cÖ`vb Kiv| g‡°j‡ì †PK cwi‡kva, A_©Rgv, wW.wW., wU.wU. Ges Ab¨vb¨ †mev`v‡b e¨vsK‡K mZK© n‡Z n‡e|
13. †MvcbxqZvi bxwZ (Principle of secrecy) t evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki GKwU g~jbxwZ n‡jv g‡°‡ji wnmve msµvšÍ
mKj Z‡_ï wel‡q K‡Vvi †MvcbxqZv Aej¤^b Kiv| G‡Z e¨vs‡Ki cÖwZ g‡°j‡ì Ae¯’v e„w× cvq|
14. mym¤ú‡K©i bxwZ (Principle of better relation) t evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© bxwZ n‡jv e¨vs‡Ki
Af¨šÍixY (Kgx©-eë¯’vcbv) Ges evwn¨K (g‡°j-e¨vs‡Ki) mym¤úK© ¯’vcb I msiÿY Kiv| G‡Z e¨vs‡Ki †mevi
gvb DbœZ n‡e|
15. cÖPv‡ii bxwZ (Principle of publicity) t cÖPv‡ii bxwZ Abyhvqx e¨vsK msev`cÎ, †eZvi, wUwf BZ¨vwì
gva¨‡g myôz cÖPvi Kv‡h©i Øviv ¯^xq Dcw¯’wZ, †mev Kg©vw`, ¯^Zš¿ êwkó¨ Ges `ÿZv-AwfÁZvi K_v mn‡RB
RbMY‡K AwewnZ K‡i|
16. Dbœqbg~jK bxwZ (Principle of development) t evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© bxwZ n‡jv wÎcvwÿK
Dbœqb A_©vr e¨vsK Zvi mvwe©K Kvh©µ‡gi Øviv wb‡Ri g‡°j‡ì Ges mv‡_ mv‡_ †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡bi †Póv
K‡i|
17. kvLv ¯’vcb bxwZ (Principle of branch establishment) t e¨vswKs eëmv‡qi mvdj¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ evwYwR¨K
e¨vsK‡K Rbeûj GjvKvq kvLv ¯’vc‡bi bxwZ AbymiY Ki‡Z nq| GB bxwZi Av‡jv‡K e¨vsK b~Zb kvLv ¯’vc‡b
eëmvq-evwYR¨ I wkí GjvKv, Rbeûj GjvKv Ges †jvKR‡bi Rxeb hvÎvi gvb BZ¨vw` we‡ePbv K‡i|
BDwbU 3 c„ôv 54
18. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki mv‡_ mym¤úK© bxwZ (Principle of good-relation with central Bank) t evwYwR¨K e¨vsK‡K
me©`vB †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki mv‡_ mym¤úK© eRvq †i‡L Pj‡Z nq| mKj cÖKvi Av‡`k-wb‡la gvb‡Z nq Ges wewbg‡q
mn‡hvwMZv cvq|
19. mybv‡gi bxwZ (Principle of goodwill) t evwYwR¨K e¨vsK Dc‡i ewY©Z mKj bxwZ Abymi‡Yi gva¨‡g A_©
evRv‡i Zvi mybvg cÖwZôv Ki‡Z cv‡i| evwYwR¨K e¨vsK ewa©Z †mev Øviv, Znwe‡ji wbivcËv Ges `ÿ eë¯’vcbvi
Øviv me mgqB mybvg e„w×i KvR Ae¨vnZfv‡e Pvwj‡q hvq|
wkÿv_©xi KvR evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki 5wU bxwZ LvZvq wjLyb|
mvims‡ÿc:
e¨vsK eëmv‡qi mv‡_ mivmwi m¤ú„³ Kvh©vejx¸‡jv n‡jv AvgvbZ MÖnY, FYcÖ`vb, FY AvgvbZ m„wó, mwÂZ A_©
D‡Ëvjb, wewbgq gva¨g m„wó, jvfRbK wewb‡qvM, g~jab MVb, wej evÆvKiY, FY wbqš¿‡Y Ges ê‡`wkK
evwY‡R¨ mvnvh¨| evwYwR¨K e¨vsK A‡bK Kj¨vYg~jK Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i hv‡K †hgb A_© †cÖiY, bM` µ‡qi
SzuwK n«vm, A_©ms¯’vb, ågYKvix‡ì mvnvh¨ ¯^”QjZvi mb` cÖ`vb I civgk© cÖ`vb| Aci w`‡K myôziƒ‡c e¨vswKs
Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ mybvg e„w× Ges m‡e©v”P gybvdv AR©‡bi Rb¨ evwYwR¨K e¨vsK‡K wKQy Avek¨Kxq
bxwZgvjv †g‡b ej‡Z nq| Bnvi g~j bxwZvjvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q Zvij¨, wbivcËv, ¯^”QjZv, `ÿ wewb‡qvM, gybvdv
AR©b, Av¯’v AR©b, mÂq, wgZe¨wqZv, DËg †mev, my`ÿ eë¯’vcbv, we‡klvqY, mgqvbyewZ©Zv, †MvcbxqZv,
mym¯úK©, cÖPvi, Dbœqb, kvLv ¯’vcb, †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki mv‡_ mym¯úK© Ges mybvg|

1. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki Znwe‡ji Af¨šÍixY Drm †KvbwU?
K. ‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK n‡Z cÖvß FY L. FYcÎ Bmyï gva¨‡g cÖvß A_©
M. ‡kqvi g~jab N. AvgvbZKvixi RgvK…Z A_©
2. wb‡Pi †KvbwU evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki Znwej MV‡b evwn¨K Drm?
K. mwÂwZ Znwej L. DËg wewb‡qvM
M. Pvwnev gvÎ †`q FY N. RgvK…Z AvgvbZ
3. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki Av‡qi cÖavb Drm Kx?
K. jKvi fvov L. F‡Yi my`
M. wej evÆvKiY N. Ae‡jLb Kx
4. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki DØ„Ë cÎ Kx?
K. Avw_©K Kvh© wbiƒcY L. m¤úwË I jv‡fi wnmve weeiYx
M. g~jab I m¤úwËi wnmve weeiYx N. A_©‰bwZK bxwZi iƒc‡iLv
5. wb‡Pi †KvbwU evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki KvR?
K. FY `vb L. FY wbqš¿Y
M. FY Z`viwK N. wewbg‡qi gva¨g m„wó
BDwbU 3 c„ôv 55
6. wb‡Pi †KvbwU evwYwR¨K e¨v‡Ki Kvh© ewnf~Z?©

K. AvgvbZ msMÖn L. FY `vb
M. FY`vb wbqš¿Y N. wewbg‡qi gva¨g m„wó
7. evsjv‡`‡ki me‡P‡q eo †emiKvwi evwYwR¨K e¨vsK †KvbwU?
K. Avie-evsjv‡`k e¨vsK wj: L. cÖvBg e¨vsK wj:
M. Bmjvgx e¨vsK evsjv‡`k wj: N. wmwU e¨vsK wj:
8. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK ¯^í‡gqvw` F‡Yi eëmvqx n‡jI gv‡S gv‡S `xN©‡gqvw` FY †`q| †hgbÑ
i. ¯^í‡gqvw` F‡Yi Sv‡gjv Gov‡Z Pvq ii. h‡_ó cwigv‡Y `xN©‡gqvw` AvgvbZ msMÖn Ki‡Z cv‡i
iii. h‡_ó cwigv‡Y Ajm UvKv Rgv _v‡K|
9. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki cÖwZwbwaZ¡g~jK KvR n‡j-
i. AwQ wnmv‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb ii. Ae‡jL‡Ki KvR
iii. A_© Av`vq I cvIbv cwi‡kva
10. ‡Kvb Kvi‡Y evwYwR¨K e¨vsK‡K gy`vª evRv‡ii ga¨gwb ejv nq?
i. A‡_©i wbivc` msiÿY ii. ‰e‡`wkK wewbg‡q mnvqZv
iii. A_© evRv‡ii mKj c‡ÿi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Kiv
11. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© bxwZ †KvbwU?
K. Ae¯’v‡bi bxwZ L. ‡MvcbxqZvi bxwZ
M. cÖPv‡ii bxwZ N. Zvi‡jï bxwZ
12. ‡Kvb bxwZ Abyhvqx evwYwR¨K e¨vsK me©`v bM` A_© msiÿY K‡i _v‡K?
K. wbivcËvi bxwZ L. Zvij¨ bxwZ
M. m”Qj¦jZvi bxwZ N. FY`vb bxwZ
BDwbU 3 c„ôv 56
cvV-3.3 e¨vs‡Ki FY AvgvbZ m„wó

Creation of Loan Deposits
D‡Ïk¨
e¨vs‡Ki FY AvgvbZ m„wói msÁv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
FY AvgvbZ m„wói c×wZ ev †KŠkj eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
FY cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g AvgvbZ m„wó

msÁv t evwYwR¨K FY Kvh©µg gy`vª mieiv‡ni weivU Ask| FY cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g AvgvbZ m„wó, A‡_©i
Dc‡hvM I µq ÿgZv e„w× Kiv hvq| A_©vr cÖwZwU FYB GKwU AvgvbZ m„wó K‡i| Gg.Gb. wgk&iv
e‡jb- "Deposits create loans and loans create deposits." A_©vr AvgvbZ FY m„wó K‡i Ges FY AvgvbZ m„wó
K‡i| FY cÖ`v‡bi mgq evwYwR¨K e¨vsK F‡Yi UvKv mivmwi bv w`‡q FYMÖnxZvi bv‡g wnmve Ly‡j †mB wnmv‡e Rgv
†`q| d‡j cÖ`Ë A_© e¨vs‡KB †_‡K hvq Ges G‡Z e¨vs‡Ki AvgvbZ e„w× cvq| FY MÖnxZv cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx †PK
†K‡U e¨vsK wnmve †_‡K UvKv D‡Ëvjb K‡i| mvaviYZt FYMÖnxZv cy‡iv FYK…Z A_©B GKev‡i Zz‡j †bq bv|
FY`vb †_‡K AvgvbZ, cybtAvgvbZ †_‡K FY`vb cÖwµqv Pj‡ZB _v‡K| GB cÖwµqvq AvgvbZ m„wó‡K evwYwR¨K
e¨vs‡Ki AvgvbZ-FY Ges FY-AvgvbZ e‡j| GB cÖwµqvq F‡Yi cwigvY h‡Zv e„w× nq, Avgvb‡Zi cwigvYI
Z‡Zv e„w× †c‡q _v‡K|
evwYwR¨K e¨vsK Ab¨ c×wZ‡ZI FY AvgvbZ m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i| †hgb- m¤ú` µq, wewbgq wej evÆvKiY, †kqvi-
wmwKDwiwU µq, RgvwZwi³ FY`vb BZ¨vw` †ÿ‡Î hw` e¨vsK bM` A_© cwi‡kva bv K‡i "Account Payee" †P‡Ki
gva¨‡g A_© cÖ`vb K‡i, Z‡e cÖwZwU †ÿ‡ÎB bZzb bZzb AvgvbZ m„wó nq| wb‡P GKwU D`vni‡Yi gva¨‡g FY
AvgvbZ m„wói cÖwµqv e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡jv t
Rbve wmwÏK Zvi †mvbvjx e¨vsK wn‡m‡e 20,000 UvKv Rgv w`j| †mvbvjx e¨vsK G Rgv †_‡K wewae× Zvij¨
10% (20,000 × 10%) A_©vr 2,000 UvKv nv‡Z †i‡L evKx (20,000-2000) 18,000 UvKv Rbve Rvgvb‡K
FY cÖ`vb Ki‡jv| Rbve Rvgvb‡K UvKv bM‡` bv w`‡q Zvi e¨vsK wnmv‡e Rgv Kiv n‡jv| GB RgvK…Z UvKvi 10%
(18000× 10%) A_©vr 1800 †i‡L e¨vsK Rbve Lvwj`‡K 16,200 UvKv FY cÖ`vb Ki‡jv| Ges c~e© wbq‡gB
bM‡` UvKv bv w`‡q wgt Lvwj‡ì e¨vsK wn‡m‡e Rgv Ki‡jv| GB RgvK…Z UvKv †_‡K 10% A_©vr 1,620 UvKv
Zvij¨ †i‡L evwK 14,580 UvKv wg‡mm Rvnvb‡K cÖ`vb Ki‡jv| Gi d‡j †`Lv hvq, 3 (wZb) nvZ A_©vr Rvgvb,
Lv‡j` I Rvnv‡bi nvZ e`j n‡q Rbve wmwÏ‡Ki 20,000 UvKvi AvgvbZ e¨vs‡Ki Rb¨
20,000+18,000+16,200+14,580 = 68,780 UvKvi FY AvgvbZ m„wó Ki‡Z mÿg n‡q‡Q| Giƒ‡c AvgvbZ
cybtFY`v‡bi my‡hvM h‡Zv †ewk n‡e, e¨vs‡Ki FY Avgvb‡Zi cwigvYI Z‡Zv e„w× †c‡Z _vK‡e|
FY AvgvbZ m„wói c×wZ ev †KŠkj (Methods of Creation of Loan Deposits)
evwYwR¨K e¨vsK UvKv cÖPjb Ki‡Z bv cvi‡jI FY AvgvbZ m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i| evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki FY AvgvbZ
m„wói wewfbœ c×wZ ev †KŠkj¸‡jv‡K Avgiv wb¤œiƒ‡c eY©bv Ki‡Z cvwi t
1. RbM‡Yi A_© AvgvbZ wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡it RbMY Zv‡ì A_© e¨vs‡K Rgv iv‡L hv e¨vs‡Ki cÖv_wgK AvgvbZ|
G Avgvb‡Zi GKwU Ask msiwÿZ †i‡L e¨vsK FY`vb K‡i| d‡j AvgvbZ †_‡K F‡Yi m„wó nq| Gfv‡e
GKwU cÖv_wgK AvgvbZ †_‡K K‡qK¸Y FY Avgvb‡Zi m„wó n‡q _v‡K| Z‡e Zv wiRv‡f© msiÿ‡Yi nv‡ii
Dci wbf©ikxj| wb‡¤œi m~‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ welqwU e¨vL¨v Kiv hvq t
BDwbU 3 c„ôv 57
1
a× GLv‡b, a = cÖv_wgK g~j AvgvbZ = 20,000
r
r = wewae× wiRvf© msiÿ‡Yi nvi = 10%
G‡ÿ‡Î cÖv_wgK AvgvbZ †_‡K m„ó FY Avgvb‡Zi cwigvY n‡jv t
1 1
20,000 × 10% = 20,000× 0.1 = 20,000×10= 2,00,000 UvKv|
hw` wewae× wiRvf© msiÿ‡Yi nvi 20% nq, Z‡e
1 1
20,000× 20% = 20,000× 0.2 = 20,000×5 = 1,00,000 UvKv|
msiwÿZ wiRv‡f©i cwigvY 20% n‡j cÖv_wgK AvgvbZ n‡e 10 ¸Y A_©vr 2,00,000 UvKv Ges Zv 20%
n‡j cÖv_wgK AvgvbZ n‡e 5 ¸Y A_©vr 1,00,000 UvKv Avgvb‡Zi m„wó nq|
2. FY`v‡bi gva¨‡g FY Avgvb‡Zi m„wó t evwYwR¨K e¨vsK hLb FY cÖ`vb K‡i ZLb FYMÖnxZv‡K e¨vs‡K GKwU
wnmve †Lvjvi Aby‡iva K‡i| F‡Yi A_© cwi‡kva bv n‡j e¨vsK wnmv‡e †µwWU Kiv nq| FY MÖnxZv cy‡iv A_©
GKev‡i D‡Ëvjb bv K‡i cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx †P‡Ki gva¨‡g D‡Ëvjb K‡i| d‡j cÖ`Ë F‡Yi A_© e¨vs‡K †_‡K
hvq hv e¨vs‡Ki Rb¨ GKwU AvgvbZ|
3. m¤ú` µq K‡i FY AvgvbZ m„wó t e¨vsK hLb †Kvb m¤ú` µq K‡i Zvi g~j¨ bM‡` cwi‡kva bv K‡i †P‡Ki
gva¨‡g Zv cwi‡kva K‡i _v‡K| cÖvcK †PKwU Zvi e¨vsK wnmv‡e Rgv †`q| G‡Z e¨vs‡Ki AvgvbZ e„w× cvq|
4. wewbgq wej evÆvKiYt evwYwR¨K e¨vsK hLb †Kvb wewbgq wej evÆvK‡i ZLb Zvi g~j¨ †P‡Ki gva¨‡g
cwi‡kva K‡i| d‡j †PKwU Avevi e¨vsK wnmv‡e G‡m Rgv nq Ges G‡Z e¨vs‡K Avgvb‡Zi cwigvY e„w×
cvq|
5. †kqvi-wmwKDwiwU µqt evwYwR¨K e¨vsK A‡bK mgq †kqvi, wmwKDwiwU, FYcÎ, miKvwi eÛ µ‡qi g~j¨
`vMKvUv †P‡Ki gva¨‡g cwi‡kva K‡i FY m„wó K‡i| Aci w`‡K †P‡Ki g~j¨ we‡µZvi e¨vsK wnmv‡e Rgv n‡q
AvgvbZ m„wó K‡i|
FY AvgvbZ m„wói mxgve×Zv (Limitations of creating loan deposits)
evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jvi FY AvgvbZ m„wói ÿgZv _vK‡jI wewfbœ Kvi‡Y mgm¨v †`Lv †`q| mgm¨v ev
mxgve×Zv¸‡jv‡K wb‡P Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv:
1. bM` Znwe‡ji ¯^íZv t evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki FY`vb ÿgZv wbf©i K‡i cÖv_wgK Avgvb‡Zi cwigv‡Yi Dci|
Avgvb‡Zi GKwU Ask msiwÿZ †i‡L evwKUv FY †`qv nq| Avgvb‡Zi cwigv‡Yi Dci F‡Yi gvÎv wbf©i
K‡i| A‡bK mgq AvgvbZ Znwe‡ji ¯^íZvi Kvi‡Y e¨vsK ch©vß FY cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
2. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki FY wbqš¿Y bxwZt †`‡ki F‡Yi evRvi wbqš¿Y K‡i †K›`ªxq e¨vsK| FY eë¯’v‡K wbqš¿‡Yi
Rb¨ †K›`ªxq e¨vsK msiwÿZ wiRv‡f©i cwigvY ev evÆvi nvi n«vm-e„w× K‡i| d‡j evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki FY`vb
ÿgZvi n«vm-e„w× N‡U|
3. FYMÖnxZvi Afvet evRv‡i g›`vfve †`Lv w`‡j evwYwR¨K e¨vsK †_‡K FY MÖn‡Yi Pvwn`v K‡g hvq| d‡j
FYMÖnxZvi Afv‡ei Kvi‡Y evwYwR¨K e¨vsK ch©vß FY`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
4. h_v_© RvgvbZ ev wbivcËvi Afvet evwYwR¨K e¨vsK FY`v‡bi c~‡e© F‡Yi wbivcËv wbwðZ n‡Z Pvq| A‡bK
mgq h_v_© RvgvbZ bv †c‡q evwYwR¨K e¨vsK FY`vb †_‡K weiZ _v‡K|
5. Kz-F‡Yi cÖfve t cÖ`Ë FY †gqv` †k‡l Av`vq bv n‡j ev evavi m„wó n‡j Kz-F‡Yi cwigvY e„w× cvq| hLb
Kz-F‡Yi cwigvY e„w× cvq ZLb e¨vsK B”QvK…Zfv‡eB bZzb FY`v‡b weiZ _v‡K|
BDwbU 3 c„ôv 58
6. evRv‡i bM` A‡_©i cÖvPyht© A‡bK mgq RbMY Zv‡ì mwÂZ I Ajm A_© e¨vs‡K bv †i‡L nv‡ZB †i‡L †`q|
Giƒc †ÿ‡Î e¨vs‡Ki FY`vb ÿgZv n«vm cvq|
7. mvgvwRK I ivR‰bwZK Aw¯’iZvt †`‡ki mvgvwRK I ivR‰bwZK cwiw¯’wZ w¯’wZkxj bv _vK‡j evRv‡i F‡Yi
Pvwn`v K‡g hvq|
wkÿv_©xi KvR evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki FY AvgvbZ m„wói †KŠkj LvZvq wjLyb|
mvims‡ÿc:
evwYwR¨K e¨vsK gy`ªv cÖPjb Ki‡Z bv cvi‡jI FY`v‡bi gva¨‡g AvgvbZ m„wó, A‡_©i Dc‡hvM µq ÿgZv e„w×
K‡Z cv‡i| evwYwR¨K e¨vsK FY`vb bM` bv w`‡q e¨vsK wnmv‡ei gva‡g †`qv nq| d‡j MÖnxZvi FY e¨vs‡K
AvgvbZ m„wó K‡i| evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki FY AvgvbZ †h cÖwµqvq AwR©Z nq, Zv‡KB FY AvgvbZ m„wói †KŠkj ev
c×wZ ejv hvq| Gi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q RbM‡Yi A_© AvgvbZ wn‡m‡e MÖnY, FY`v‡bi gva¨‡g FY AvgvbZ m„wó, m¤ú`
µq K‡i, wewbgq wej evÆvKiY, †kqvi wmwKDwiwU, µq Ges RgvwZwi³ FY cÖ`vb|

1. ‡Kvb e¨vsK FY AvgvbZ m„wó K‡i?
K. MÖvgxY L. evwYwR¨K
M. mgevq N. ‡K›`ªxq
2. ‡Kvb e¨vsK RvgvbZ QvovB FY cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K?
K. XvKv e¨vsK L. iƒcvjx e¨vsK
M. eªvK e¨vsK N. MÖvgxY e¨vsK
3. ATM Kx?
K. GK cÖKvi wnmve c×wZ L. GK cÖKvi A_© D‡Ëvj‡bi ¯^qswµq hš¿
M. GK cÖKvi n¯ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨ `wjj N. GK cÖKvi e¨vsK WªvdU
4. cÖZ¨qcÎ Bmy¨ K‡i †Kvb e¨vsK?
K. MÖvgxY e¨vsK L. XvKv e¨vsK
M. ‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK N. evsjv‡` †W‡fjc‡g›U e¨vsK
5. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki m„ó me‡P‡q †ewk cÖPwjZ wewbg‡qi gva¨g †KvbwU?
K. UvKv L. ‡c-AW©vi
M. ‡PK N. e¨vsK Wªvd
6. FY AvgvbZ m„wói †KŠkj n‡”QÑ
i. ‡P‡Ki gva¨‡g wej cwi‡kva ii. bM‡` F‡Yi A_© cÖ`vb
iii. F‡Yi cwiwa we¯Í…ZKiY
BDwbU 3 c„ôv 59
cvV-3.4 wewbgq gva¨g m„wó

Creation of Medium of Exchange
D‡Ïk¨
wewbgq gva¨g m„wói welqwU eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki wewbg‡qi gva¨g m„wó (Creation of Medium of Exchange by Commercial

Bank)
evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki gy`ªv Qvcv‡bvi GLwZqvi ‡bB wKš‘ wewfbœfv‡e wewbg‡qi gva¨g m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i|
e¨vs‡Ki wewbgq gva¨g mw„ói wewfbœ ‡KŠkj¸‡jv wb‡P Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jvt
1. ‡PK (Cheque)t evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki m„ó eûj cÖPwjZ gva¨g n‡jv †PK| wnmve †Lvjvi mgq e¨vsK GB †PK Zvi
MÖvnK‡ì cÖ`vb K‡i hv wewbg‡qi gva¨g wn‡m‡e eëüZ nq|
2. ‡WweU KvW© (Debit Card)t ‡WweU KvW© Gi gva¨‡g e¨vs‡Ki RgvK…Z A‡_©i wewbg‡q †h‡Kvb cwigvY †KbvKvUv
Kivi my‡hvM i‡q‡Q|
3. ‡µwWU KvW© (Credit Card)t GwUI evwYwR¨K e¨vsK m„ó GKwU wewbg‡qi gva¨g| e¨vs‡K UvKv bv _vK‡jI
†µwWU Kv‡W©i MÖnxZv wbw`©ó cwigvb A_© e¨q K‡i ‡KbvKvUv Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
4. e¨vs‡Ki AvÁvcÎ (Bank Draft)t e¨vs‡Ki AvÁvcÎ evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki Av‡iKwU RbwcÖq gva¨g| Gi gva¨‡g
mn‡RB UvKv Av`vb-cÖ`vb Kiv hvq| Gi gva¨‡g †jb‡`‡b †Kvb SzuwK _v‡K bv|
5. ‡c-AW©vi (Pay Order)t †c-AW©vi evwYwR¨K e¨vsK KZ©„K m„ó GKwU wewbgq gva¨g hvi gva¨‡g A_© Av`vb-
cÖ`vb Kiv hvq|
6. we‡klvwqZ GwUGg (ATM-Only) KvW©t †WweU KvW© I †µwWU KvW© QvovI evwYwR¨K e¨vsK A‡bK mgq wKQz
we‡kl GwUGg KvW© Bmy¨ K‡i| Gi gva¨‡gI †jb‡`b Kiv hvq|
7. GjwmcÎ (Letter of Credit) t AvšÍ©RvwZK ev ‰e‡`wkK evwY‡Rï †ÿ‡Î Gjwm GKwU eûj eëüZ F‡Yi
`wjj| evwYwR¨K e¨vsK GwU Bmy¨ K‡i| cÖZ¨qcÎ evÆvKi‡Yi gva¨‡g GB `wjj n¯ÍvšÍi Kiv hvq| hv Av`‡Z
wewbg‡qi GKwU gva¨g wnmv‡e KvR K‡i|
wkÿv_©xi KvR evwYwR¨K e¨vsK m„ó wZbwU wewbgq gva¨‡gi weeiY w`b|
mvims‡ÿc:
evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki wewbg‡qi gva¨v‡g m„wó : evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki gy`vª Qvcv‡bvi GLwZqvi wKš‘ wewfbœfv‡e wewbg‡qi
gva¨‡g m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i| e¨vs‡Ki m„ó wewbg‡qi wewfbœ gva¨g¸‡jv wb‡P Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jvt
†PK, ‡WweU KvW©, ‡µwWU KvW©, e¨vs‡Ki AvÁvcÎ, ‡c-AW©vi, we‡klvwqZ GwUGg, GjwmcÎ|
Dc‡iv³ wewfbœ wewbg‡qi gva¨g¸‡jv evwYwR¨K e¨vsK KZ©„K m„ó hvwKbv g~j wewbg‡qi gva¨g wewnZ gy`vª i bvbvb
iƒc|
BDwbU 3 c„ôv 60

1. evsjv‡`‡ki †Kvb e¨vsK me©c_Ö g ATM Kvh© Pvj K‡i|
K. AB e¨vsK L. HSBC e¨vsK
M. ÷¨vÛvW© e¨vsK N. ÷¨vÛvW© UvU©vW© e¨vsK
2. AbjvBb e¨vswKs wb‡Pi †KvbwU cÖ‡qvRb Kwg‡q‡Q?
K. ‡c-AW©vi L. e¨vsK WªvdU
M. ‡PK N. M¨vivw›U cÎ
3. cÖZ¨qcÎ Bmy¨ K‡i †K?
K. ‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK L. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK
M. K…wl e¨vsK N. ADB e¨vsK
4. wewbg‡qi Avmj gva¨g †KvbwU?
K. ‡PK L. WªvdU
M. ‡µwWU KvW© N. gy`vª
5. wK‡mi gva¨‡g evwYwR¨K e¨vsK ê‡`wkK evwY‡R¨ mnvqZv K‡i?
K. wej evÆvKiY L. cÖZ¨qcÎ Bmy¨
M. ‡PK Bmy¨ N. ‡c-AW©vi
6. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki A_© ¯’vbvšÍi gva¨g njÑ
i. e¨vs‡Ki AvÁvcÎ ii. ‡UwjMÖvwdK UªvÝdvi (TT)
iii. AbjvBb e¨vswKs
BDwbU 3 c„ôv 61
cvV-3.5 evsjv‡`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡b e¨vs‡Ki f~wgKv

Role of Banks in the Economic Development of Bangladesh
D‡Ïk¨
evsjv‡`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡b e¨vs‡Ki f~wgKv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
evsjv‡`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡b e¨vs‡Ki f~wgKv

(Role of Commercial Banks in the Economic Development of Bangladesh)
evwYwR¨K e¨vsK FY Kvh©µg Ges Ab¨vb¨ cÖZ¨ÿ I c‡ivÿ mn‡hvwMZv w`‡q †`‡ki Af¨šÍixb I êw`‡kK evwY‡R¨
mnvqZv K‡i| wb‡P eëmvq- evwY‡Rï Dbœq‡b evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki f~wgKv Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv t
K) Af¨šÍixY eëmvq I evwY‡R¨ evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki f‚wgKv (Role of commercial banks in domestic trade &
commerce):
1. FY I AwMÖg cÖ`vb (Granting loan and advance): evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jv eëmvqx‡ì wewfbœ iKg FY I AwMÖg
cÖ`vb K‡i Zv‡ì Avw_©K g~ja‡bi Pvwn`v c~iY K‡i|
2. †jb‡`b wb®úwË (Settlement of transaction): eëmvq-evwY‡Rï †jb‡`b n‡Z m„ó †`bv-cvIbv wb®úwË e¨vs‡Ki
gva¨‡gB m¤úv`b Kiv nq| wbivc` Ges mn‡RB †jb‡`b wb®úwË K‡i eëmvqxMY SuzwKgy³ _v‡K|
3. wewbgq gva¨g m„wó (Creating medium of exchange): †jb‡`‡bi myweav‡_© e¨vsK¸‡jv †PK, eÛ, FYcÎ,
wmwKDwiwUR, WªvdU, †c-AW©vi BZ¨vwì gva¨‡g wewbg‡qi gva¨g m„ó K‡i| evwYwR¨K Kvh©µg‡K MwZkxj ivLvi
Rb¨ G e¨vsK Giƒc cÖKv‡ii wewbg‡qi gva¨g m„wó K‡i _v‡K|
4. we‡ji evÆvKiY (Discounting bill of exchange): evwYwR¨K e¨vsK eëmvqx‡ì wewfbœ cÖKvi wej †gqv‡ì c~‡e©
evÆvi gva¨‡g fvw½‡q †`q| d‡j eëmvqx‡ì Avw_©K msKU `~i nq I Af¨šÍixY eëmv-evwY‡Rï cÖmvi N‡U|
5. A‡_©i ¯’vbvšÍi (Money transfer): e¨vsK Bmy¨K…Z †PK, ågbKvixi †PK, ûwÛ, †c-AW©vi cÖf…wZi gva¨‡g A‡_©i
¯’vbvšÍi Ki‡Z cv‡i| Gi d‡j bM` A_© †jb‡`b I A_© ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii SuywK n«vm cvq|
6. wewfbœ ‡`bv-cvIbv Av`vq I cwi‡kva (Settlement of payment): evwYwR¨K e¨vsK eëmvqx‡ì UvKv GK †`k
†_‡K Ab¨ †`‡k ¯’vbvšÍi K‡i bvbv cÖKvi †`bv-cvIbv Av`vq I cwi‡kva K‡i _v‡K|
7. g~jëvb `wjjcÎvw` msiÿb (Protection of valuable papers): eëmvqx‡ì g~jëvb `wjjcÎ, FbcÎ, Pzw³cÎ
BZ¨vw` e¨vsK Zvi jKv‡i wbivc‡` msiÿY K‡i|
8. mb` cÖ`vb (Issue of certificate): evwYwR¨K e¨vsK cÖ‡qvR‡b MÖvnK‡ì mybvg, Avw_©K m”QjZv, Kvievix AvPiY
cÖf…wZ m¤ú‡K© mb` cÖ`vb K‡i Ges Z…Zxq c‡ÿi mybvg I Avw_©K m”QjZv m¤ú‡K© mb` msMÖn K‡i|
9. Dc‡`M cÖ`vb (Counselling): e¨vsK g‡°‡ji wewfbœ Kvh© m¤úv`‡b Dc‡`k I civgk©`v‡bi gva¨‡g Dc‡`óvi
f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i| eëmvq evwY‡Rï ìKvix Z‡_ï mieivn K‡i e¨vsK eëmvqx‡ì mn‡hvwMZv K‡i _v‡K|
10.cÖwZwbwaZ¡ (Representation): e¨vsK g‡°j-eëmvqx‡ì c‡ÿ wewfbœ cÖwZwbwaZ¡g~jK `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i| †hgb:
cY¨`ªe¨ µq-weµq, †kqvi Bmy¨, wcÖwgqvg Av`vq, jf¨vsk msMÖn, my` cª`vb, Kg©Pvix‡ì †eZb cÖ`vb, Z…Zxq c‡ÿi
mv‡_ Pzw³ m¤úv`b, wewbgq we‡ji ¯^xK…wZ I g~j¨ cwi‡kva BZ¨vw` ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Kvh©vejx m¤úv`b K‡i|
BDwbU 3 c„ôv 62
L. ê‡`wkK evwY‡R¨ f~wgKv (Role in Foreign Trade):

evwYwR¨K e¨vsK ïaygvÎ Af¨šÍixb eëmvq-evwY‡R¨B mvnvh¨ K‡ibv, ê‡`wkK evwYR¨ m¤úv`‡bI we‡klfv‡e
mnvqZv K‡i| KviY eZ©gvb we‡k¦ evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki cªZ¨ÿ f‚wgKv e¨ZxZ AvšÍRv© wZK ev ê‡`wkK evwYR¨
cwiPvjbv Kiv Am¤¢e| wb‡¤œ wewfbœ `„wó‡KvY n‡Z ê‡`wkK evwY‡R¨ evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki fzwgKv Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv t
1. cÖZ¨qcÎ Bmy¨ (Issuing letter of credit): AvšÍRv© wZK evwb‡R¨ A‡Pbv Avg`vwbKviK‡K evwK‡Z cY¨ mieivn
Ki‡Z ißvwbKviK Av¯’v cvq bv| cÖZ¨qc‡Îi gva¨‡g e¨vsK Avg`vwbKvi‡Ki c‡ÿ Avg`vwbK…Z c‡Yï g~j¨
cwi‡kv‡ai wbðqZv cÖ`vb K‡i| d‡j Avg`vwb I ißvwb evwYR¨ mnR nq|
2. AvbyôvwbKZv cvjb (Compliance with formalities): Avg`vwb I ißvwb evwY‡Rï KvMRcÎ I `wjjcÎ
†jb‡`bmn mKj cÖKvi AvbyôvwbKZv e¨vs‡Ki gva¨‡g m¤úvw`Z nq| ê‡`wkK †jb‡`‡bi †ÿ‡Î A‡bK
AvbyôvwbKZv †g‡b Pj‡Z nq| Giƒc AvbyôvwbKZv m¤ú‡bœi mKj KvR AvaywbK evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jv K‡i _v‡K|
3. ê‡`wkK evwY‡R¨ FY`vb (Granting loan in foreign trade): ‡`‡ki Pvwn`v Ges cÖZvwkZ Avq Abymv‡i eZ©gv‡b
evwYwR¨K e¨vsKmg~n ê‡`wkK evwY‡R¨ FY`vb K‡i| Avg`vbx ißvbx‡K DrmvwnZ Kivi Rb¨ e¨vsK ê‡`wkK
evwY‡R¨ h_vh_ Avw_©K myweav cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K|
4. ê‡`wkK gy`ªv msMÖn (Collection of foreign currency): Avg`vwbKviK‡ì Avg`vwb wej cwi‡kv‡ai Rb¨ cÖPzi
cwigv‡Y ê‡`wkK gy`ªvi cÖ‡qvRb nq| evwYwR¨K e¨vsK cÖ‡qvRbxq ê‡`wkK gy`vª msMÖn K‡i Avg`vwbKviK‡K
we‡klfv‡e mvnvh¨ K‡i|
5. wewbgq we‡ji ¯^xK…wZ I cwi‡kva (Acceptance and payments of bill of exchange): e¨vsK eëmvqx‡ì
wewbgq we‡ji ¯^xK…wZ I Zv cwi‡kv‡ai eë¯’v K‡i w`‡q eëmv‡qi MwZ ¯^vfvweK ivL‡Z mnvqZv K‡i|
wkÿv_©xi KvR A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡b e¨vs‡Ki 5wU f~wgKv LvZvq wjLyb|
mvims‡ÿc:
†`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡b evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki f‚wgKv A‡bK| evwYwR¨K e¨vsK‡K †K›`ª K‡iB †`‡ki K…wl, eëmvq,
evwYR¨ wkí Z_v mvgvwRK I A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb cwiKwíZ, cwiPvwjZ I wbqwš¿Z nq| †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡b
evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki ¸iæZ¡ I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv‡K Avgiv wb‡æv³fv‡e eY©bv Ki‡Z cvwi| mÂq msMÖn I g~jab MVb,
mÂ‡q Aby‡cÖiYv, FY`vb, FY AvcvZZ m„wó, gybvdvRbK wewb‡qvM, wewbgq gva¨g m„wó, K…wl Dbœqb, wk‡ívbœqb,
Af¨šÍixY eëmvq-evwY‡R¨ mvnvh¨, ê‡`wkK evwY‡R¨ mvnvh¨, cÖwZwbwa wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡cvjb, jKvi myweav cÖ`vb,
miKvwi, Dc‡`óv wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb, Kg©ms¯’v‡bi my‡hvM m„wó, Avq I Rxeb hvÎvi gvb Dbœqb, A_© ¯’vbvšÍ‡i
mvnvh¨, FY wbqš¿‡Y mvnvh¨, A_© I gy`ªv evRvi Dbœqb Ges miKv‡ii Avw_©K bxwZ ev¯Íevqb|
BDwbU 3 c„ôv 63

1. A_© evRv‡ii ga¨gwb ejv nq †Kvb e¨vsK‡K?
K. ‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK L. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK
M. we‡kqvwZ e¨vsK N. wkí e¨vsK
2. ‰e‡`wkK evwY‡R¨ †jb‡`‡bi †ÿ‡Î-
i. evsjv‡`k e¨vsK w`K wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb K‡i
ii. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK A_© cÖ`v‡bi mv‡_ m¤ú³ _v‡K
iii. PÆMÖvg e›ì KZ©„cÿ FY cÖ`vb K‡i
P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb
GK¸”Q cÖkœ
1. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki msÁv `vI| GKwU AvaywbK evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki Kvhv©ejxi eY©bv `vI|
2. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK Kvnv‡K e‡j? evsjv‡`‡k evwYwR¨K eÄsK wnmv‡e †mvbvjx e¨vs‡Ki Kvhv©ejx eY©bv Ki|
3. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK ej‡Z wK eyS? †mvbvjx e¨vs‡Ki Kvhv©ejxi eY©bv `vI|
4. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK GKwU GKwU †`‡ki eëmv-evwYR¨ I A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡b wKfv‡e mvnvh¨ K‡i Zvnv e¨vLÄ Ki|
5. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK Kvnv‡K e‡j? evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU Av`k© evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki Kvhv©ejx eY©bv Ki|
6. (K) evwYwR¨K e¨vsK Kvnv‡K e‡j?
(L) evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki cÖ‡qvRbxqZv wK?
(M) evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki D×„Ëc‡Îi bgybv AsKb Ki Ges Dnv‡Z m¤úwË I `v‡qi `dv¸wj mvRvI|
7. (K) ÒevwYwR¨K e¨vsK‡K A_© evRv‡ii ga¨gwYÓ ejv nBqv _v‡K -Av‡jvPbv Ki|
(L) evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki eëmv‡qi g~jbxwZ¸wj eY©bv Ki|
8. (K) evwYwR¨K e¨vsK ewj‡Z wK eyS?
(L) evwYwR¨K e¨vsK- eëmv‡qi g~jbxwZ¸wj eY©bv Ki|
9. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK I †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki cv_©K¨ wbY©q Ki|
10. e¨vs‡Ki AvgvbZ wKfv‡e m„wó nq? FY wK AvgvbZ m„wó Kwi‡Z cv‡i?
11. ÒevwYwR¨K e¨vsK FY m„wó K‡iÓ -Dw³wU D`vni‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ eySvBqv `vI|
12. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki FY`vb bxwZ wKiƒc nIqv DwPZ?
13. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK wKfv‡e Dnvi Znwej MVb K‡i Ges AwMÖg cÖ`v‡bi mgq wK wK bxwZ AbymiY K‡i?
ms‡ÿc
1. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡K `yBwU cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ eY©bv Ki|
2. evwYwR¨K eÄs‡Ki QqwU cÖavb Kvhv©ejxi bvg D‡jøL Ki|
3. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK `xN©‡gqv`x FY †`q bv †Kb?
4. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki g~jbxwZ wK wK?
5. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki wbivcËv bxwZ eY©bv Ki|
BDwbU 3 c„ôv 64
6. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki ÒZvij¨ bxwZÓ wK?

7. e¨vs‡Ki Zvij¨ ewj‡Z wK eyS?
8. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki D×…Ëc‡Îi GKwU bgybv cÖ`vb Ki|
9. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki ¸iæZ¡ wK?
10. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki cÖwZwbwaZ¡g~jK KvR¸wj wK wK?
11. e¨vs‡Ki AvgvbZ wKfv‡e m„wó nq?
12. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK wKfv‡e FY AvgvbZ m„wó K‡i?
13. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK wKfv‡e FY m„wó K‡i?
14. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki Znwe‡ji Drmmg~n wK wK?
15. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK RvZxqKi‡Yi c‡ÿ hyw³ †`LvI|
16. ÒFY AvgvbZ m„wó K‡iÓ ewj‡Z wK eyS?
17. Avgv‡ì †`‡k †Kvb& †Kvb& cÖavb evwYwR¨K e¨vsK KvR Kwi‡Z‡Q?
18. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki gybvdvi Drm¸j wK wK?
19. ÒF‡Yi ZË¡veavb- Rvgvb‡Zi ZË¡veavb bqÓ-evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki FY`v‡bi †cÖÿvc‡U Dw³wUi e¨vL¨v Ki|
m„Rbkxj cÖkœvejx
1. cÙv e¨vsK wjwg‡UW nVvr K‡i eo eo jvfRbK Lv‡Z FY`vb I wewb‡qvM K‡i msK‡U c‡o‡Q| wewfbœ Avw_©K
cÖwZôvb †_‡K eo AvgvbZ msMÖ‡ni †Póv Ki‡jI Zv m¤¢e n‡”Q bv| d‡j MÖvnK‡ì †P‡Ki A_© cwi‡kv‡a
mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡”Q| e¨vsK cwiPvjbv cl©` bZzb bZzb Kg©m~wP w`‡q AvgvbZ msMÖ‡ni ZvwM` w`‡”Q|
K. MÖæK e¨vswKs Kx?
L. e¨vs‡Ki Dbœq‡b eëmvqx †Mvôxi fzwgKv Kx? eY©bv Kiæb|
M. ÔcÙv e¨vsK wjwg‡UWÕ e¨vswKs bxwZ Abyhvqx †Kvb ai‡bi msK‡U c‡o‡Q? e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
N. cÙv e¨vs‡Ki cwiPvjbv cl©‡ì wm×v‡šÍi †hŠw³KZv we‡kølY Kiæb|
2. ‡iv‡j· e¨vsK GKwU ZvwjKvfz³ e¨vsK| Gwm÷ AvBwU bvgK GKwU AvBwU dvg© Zv‡ì eëmvwqK †jb‡`‡bi
Rb¨ †iv‡j· e¨vs‡K GKwU PjwZ wnmve Pvjy K‡i| †iv‡j· e¨vsK Gwm÷ AvBwU-Gi wnmv‡e AvgvbZ Rgv K‡i
Ges Zv D‡Ëvj‡bi Rb¨ Gwm÷ AvBwU‡K GwUGg KvW© cÖ`vb Kiv nq| Gwm÷ AvBwU Zv‡ì eëmvq
m¤úªmvi‡Yi Rb¨ †iv‡j· e¨vsK †_‡K FY MÖnY I wKQz wej evÆvKiY K‡i|
K. wej evÆvKiY Kx?
L. FY AvgvbZ m„wó ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
M. †iv‡j· e¨vsK Kxfv‡e gybvdv AR©b K‡i? eY©bv Kiæb|
N. Gwm÷ AvBwUi eëmvq m¤úªmvi‡Y †iv‡j· e¨vs‡Ki fzwgKv g~j¨vqb Kiæb|
3. wg. bvwn` msev`c‡Îi AbymÜvbx cÖwZ‡e`‡bi gva¨‡g Rvb‡Z cvij †h, evsjv‡`‡ki evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jvi
Kv‡Q ch©vß cwigv‡Y Zvij¨ m¤ú` Rgv †bB| KviY wn‡m‡e wZwb eyS‡Z cvi‡jb †h, wKQz Amvay evwYwR¨K
e¨vsK `xN©‡gqvw` FY cÖ`vb Kivi d‡j G msKU m„wó n‡q‡Q| evwYwR¨K e¨vsK mvaviYZ `xN©‡gqvw` FY cÖ`vb
Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| wZwb g‡b K‡ib ¯^í‡gqvw` FY`vbB evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki Rb¨ DËg|
K. †mvbvjx e¨vs‡Ki Aby‡gvw`Z g~ja‡bi cwigvY KZ?
L. AvgvbZ FY m„wó K‡i Ges FY AvgvbZ m„wó K‡i Kxfv‡e?
M. wg. bvwn` evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki ¯^í‡gqvw` FY`vb‡K AMÖvwaKvi †`q †Kb? eY©bv Kiæb|
N. DÏxc‡Ki e¨vsKmg~‡ni myiÿvi Rb¨ Kx ai‡bi †KŠkj MÖnY Kiv DwPZ e‡j Avcwb g‡b K‡ib?
BDwbU 3 c„ôv 65
4. ‡gmvm© gwb GÛ Rwb GKwU Askx`vwi eëmvq| Askx`viMY eëmv‡qi †jb‡`‡bi Rb¨ ¯^vaxbZv e¨vs‡K GKwU
wnmve Lyj‡jb| KviY Askx`viMY Rvb‡Zb †h, ¯^vaxbZv e¨vsK A_©evRv‡ii ga¨gwY| ¯^vaxbZv e¨vsK AvgvbZ
msMÖn K‡i Zv wewb‡qvM K‡i †`‡k eëmv-evwY‡Rï m¤úªmviY NwU‡q Kg©ms¯’vb m„wói gva¨‡g A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb
Z¡ivwš^Z K‡i‡Q|
K. MÖvgxY e¨vsK KLb cÖwZôv jvf K‡i?
L. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki cÖhyw³i bxwZmg~n D‡jøL Kiæb|
M. †gmvm© gwb GÛ Rwb †Kvs-Gi Askx`viMY ¯^vaxbZv e¨vsK‡K †Kb A_©evRv‡ii ga¨gwY e‡j‡Qb? eY©bv
Kiæb|
N. evsjv‡`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡b ¯^vaxbZv e¨vsK †h ai‡bi fzwgKv cvjb K‡i‡Q Zv gyj¨vqb Kiæb|
5. K¨vwcUvj e¨vsK evsjv‡`k e¨vsK KZ©„K Aby‡gvw`Z I ZvwjKvfz³ GKwU e¨vsK| K¨vwcUvj e¨vs‡Ki e¨vswKs
Kvh©µg Pvjy Kivi c~‡e© Zv‡ì Znwej msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ †kqvi Ges †mwfsm eÛ Bmy¨ I g‡°j‡ì KvQ †_‡K
msM„nxZ AvgvbZ‡K we‡ePbv K‡iwQj| K¨vwcUvj e¨vsK F‡Yi my` I `wjj Bmyï gva¨‡g gybvdv AR©b Kivi
jÿ¨ wVK Ki‡jv|
K. evsjv‡`‡ki wØZxq e„nËg ivóªvqË evwYwR¨K e¨vsK †KvbwU?
L. ZvwjKvfz³ e¨vs‡Ki 3wU êwkó¨ e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
M. K¨vwcUvj e¨vs‡Ki gybvdv AR©‡bi m¤¢ve¨ mKj Drm eY©bv Kiæb|
N. K¨vwcUvj e¨vsK m¤¢ve¨ †Kvb †Kvb †ÿÎ †_‡K Znwej msMÖn Ki‡Z cv‡i e‡j Avcwb g‡b K‡ib? gZvgZ
w`b|
6. evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g mvwii Ab¨Zg GKwU e¨vsK n‡jv ¯^cPœ ~ov e¨vsK| e¨vsKwU evsjv‡`‡ki e¨vs‡Ki Av‡`k cvjb
K‡i cÖwZwbwa wn‡m‡e FY wbqš¿‡Y cÖfve iv‡L| evsjv‡`k e¨vsK ¯^cPœ ~ov e¨vsK‡K wb‡`©kbv w`‡q wb‡Ri Aax‡b
wbqš¿Y Kivi gva¨‡g AcÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK m¤úK© M‡o Zz‡j‡Q|
K. evsjv‡`k †W‡fjc‡g›U e¨vsK †Kvb †kÖwYi e¨vsK?
L. PviwU evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡K bvg wjLyb|
M. ¯^cœP~ov e¨vsK †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vswKs cÖwZôvb? eY©bv Kiæb|
N. ¯^cœP~ov e¨vsK I evsjv‡`k e¨vsK ci¯úi m¤úwK©ZÕ- Dw³wUi h_v_©Zv Zz‡j aiæb|
7. wg. †invbv †eMg GKRb PvKwiRxex| wZwb Zvi cwiev‡ii GKgvÎ DcvR©bKvix| wZwb †gvnv¤§`cy‡i 80 jÿ
UvKv w`‡q GKwU d¬¨vU wKb‡eb| d¬¨vUwU µq Kivi Rb¨ Zvi 30 jÿ UvKvi F‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb nq| wZb wcweGm
e¨vs‡K F‡Yi Rb¨ Av‡e`b Ki‡jb| wcweGm e¨vsK 30 jÿ UvKvi FY gÄyi Ki‡jv wKš‘ †mLv‡b 10%
wewae× Zvij¨ mwÂwZ Rgv †i‡L 27 jÿ UvKv †invbv †eMg‡K bM` cÖ`vb bv K‡i Zvi AvgvbZ wnmv‡e cÖ`vb
Ki‡jb|
K. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK †Kvb ai‡bi FY cÖ`vb K‡i?
L. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki 2wU g~jbxwZ e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
M. wcweGm e¨vsK †h c×wZ‡Z FY cÖ`vb K‡i Zvi mxgve×Zv¸‡jv eYbv Kiæb|
N. †invbv †eMg‡K wcweGm e¨vsK †h c×wZ‡Z FY cÖ`vb K‡i‡Q Zvi m¤¢ve¨ †KŠkj¸‡jv we‡kølY Kiæb|
8. ¯^cœ e¨vs‡Ki `yB jÿ AvgvbZKvix‡ì g‡a¨ GKRb AvgvbZKvix n‡jb Kgj †ivRvwiI| wZwb GKRb
eëmvqx| wZwb ¯^cœ e¨vs‡Ki gva¨‡g Zvi hveZxq e¨vswKs KvR m¤úv`b K‡ib| ¯^cœ e¨vsK Kgj †ivRvwiI-Gi
GKRb cÖwZwbwa wn‡m‡e A_© Av`vq I cvIbv cwi‡kva K‡i Ges A_© I m¤ú‡ì wbivc` msiÿ‡Yi eë¯’v
BDwbU 3 c„ôv 66
K‡i| ZvQvov, ¯^cœ e¨vsK g~jab MVb K‡i Zv jvfRbK Lv‡Z wewb‡qvM Kivi gva¨‡g Kg©ms¯’vb m„wó,
A_©‰bwZK w¯’wZkxjZv iÿv I miKvwi Avw_©K bxwZ ev¯Íevq‡b mnvqZv K‡i|
K. †mvbvjx e¨vsK KZ mv‡j cÖwZwôZ nq?
L. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki DØ„ËcÎ ej‡Z Kx †ev‡Sb?
M. ¯^cœ e¨vsK Zvi MÖvnK Kgj †ivRvwiIi c‡ÿ †h mKj Kvh©vewj cvjb Ki‡Q Zv eY©bv Kiæb|
N. ¯^cœ e¨vsK Zvi e¨vswKs Kvh©µg cvjb Kivi ga¨ w`‡q †`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡Z Kx f~wgKv ivL‡Q? g~j¨vqb Kiæb|
9. Avigvb GKwU wm‡g›U KviLvbv ¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ cÖfvZ bvgK GKwU evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡jv|
e¨vsKwU FY w`‡Z AvMÖn cÖKvk Ki‡jv, wKš‘ `xN©‡gqv‡ì FY cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv e‡j Rvbv‡jv| Avigvb
`xN©‡gqv‡ì Rb¨ F‡Yi civgk© PvB‡j e¨vs‡Ki g¨v‡bRvi Zv‡K evsjv‡`k †W‡fjc‡g›U e¨vsK wjwg‡U‡Wi mv‡_
†hvMv‡hvM Ki‡Z ejj| Avigvb evsjv‡`k †W‡fjc‡g›U e¨vs‡Ki mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡j Avigv‡bi KviLvbv
cwi`k©b K‡i Zv‡K `xN©‡gqv‡` F‡Yi eë¯’v K‡i w`j|
K. †c-AW©vi Kx?
L. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki Znwe‡ji Drm¸‡jv Kx Kx?
M. cÖfvZ e¨vs‡Ki g¨v‡bRvi Avigvb‡K FY MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ evsjv‡`k †W‡fjc‡g›U e¨vs‡Ki mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM
Ki‡Z ej‡jb †Kb? eY©bv Kiæb|
N. evsjv‡`k †Wfjc‡g›U e¨vsK Avigv‡bi g‡Zv D‡`¨v³v‡ì FY cÖ`vb K‡i †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡b Kxfv‡e
Ae`vb iv‡L Zv g~j¨vqb Kiæb|
DËigvjv
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 3.1 : 1. L 2. M 3. M 4.L 5.L 6. L 7. L

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 3.2 : 1. N 2.N 3.L 4.M 5.L 6.M 7.M 8.M 9.N 10.N 11. N 12. L
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 3.3 : 1. L 2.N 3.L 4.L 5.M 6.K
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 3.4 : 1. N 2.L 3.M 4.N 5.L 6.N
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 3.5 : 1. L 2. K
BDwbU 3 c„ôv 67

Introduction To Banking System Unit-03

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evwYwR¨K e¨vsK BDwbU

BDwbU mgvwßi mgq BDwbU mgvwßi m‡e©v”P mgq 2 mßvn

gyL¨ kãgvjv evwYwR¨K e¨vsK, e¨vsKvi, A_© e¨e¯’v|

cvV-3.1 evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki aviYv I ¸iæZ¡

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-

evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki aviYv

evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki ¸iæZ¡ I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv

mwVK DË‡ii cv‡k wUK (√ √) wPý w`b|

cvV-3.2 evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki Kvh©vejx Ges bxwZgvjv

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-

evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki Kvh©vejx

L) evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki cÖwZwbwaZ¡g~jK Kvh©vejx (Agency Functions of Commercial Banks)

M) evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki RbwnZKi Kvh©vejx (Public Utility Functions of Commercial Banks)

wkÿv_©xi KvR evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki 5wU bxwZ LvZvq wjLyb|

mwVK DË‡ii cv‡k wUK (√ √) wPý w`b|

6. wb‡Pi †KvbwU evwYwR¨K e¨v‡Ki Kvh© ewnf~Z?©

cvV-3.3 e¨vs‡Ki FY AvgvbZ m„wó

FY cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g AvgvbZ m„wó

wkÿv_©xi KvR evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki FY AvgvbZ m„wói †KŠkj LvZvq wjLyb|

mwVK DË‡ii cv‡k wUK (√ √) wPý w`b|

cvV-3.4 wewbgq gva¨g m„wó

evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki wewbg‡qi gva¨g m„wó (Creation of Medium of Exchange by Commercial

mwVK DË‡ii cv‡k wUK (√ √) wPý w`b|

cvV-3.5 evsjv‡`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡b e¨vs‡Ki f~wgKv

evsjv‡`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡b e¨vs‡Ki f~wgKv

L. ˆe‡`wkK evwY‡R¨ f~wgKv (Role in Foreign Trade):

wkÿv_©xi KvR A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡b e¨vs‡Ki 5wU f~wgKv LvZvq wjLyb|

mwVK DË‡ii cv‡k wUK (√ √) wPý w`b|

6. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki ÒZvij¨ bxwZÓ wK?

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 3.1 : 1. L 2. M 3. M 4.L 5.L 6. L 7. L

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