†PK, wewbgq wej Ges cÖwZkÖæwZcÎ BDwbU

Cheque, Bill of Exchange and Promisory Note

6
f‚wgKv
AvaywbK hy‡M n¯ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨ `wjj¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †PK me‡P‡q mnR I RbwcÖq| bM` UvKv n¯ÍvšÍi Kivi g‡a¨ nviv‡bv
ev wQbZvB nIqvi SuywK _v‡K wKš‘ †P‡K †mwU †bB| †P‡Ki gva¨‡g UvKv GK ¯’vb †_‡K Ab¨ ¯’v‡b wbivc‡` n¯ÍvšÍi
Kiv hvq| †P‡Ki gva¨‡g UvKv cwi‡kva Kiv n‡j wjwLZ †iKW© _v‡K| d‡j RvwjqvwZ I cÖZviYv †iva Kiv hvq|
eZ©gv‡b av‡i †Kbv-KvUvi gva¨‡gB AwaKvsk e¨emv-evwYR¨ P‡j| av‡i †KbvKvUvi welqwU cy‡ivcywi wek¦v‡mi Dci
wbf©ikxj| Z‡e A‡bK mgq ‡µZv I we‡µZvi g‡a¨ wek¦v‡mi NvUwZ †`Lv hvq| wek¦v‡mi NvUwZ n‡j ZLb Ôwewbgq
wejÕ (Bill of Exchange) ev cÖwZkÖæwZcÎ (Promissory Note) e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
`ª‡e¨i we‡µZv KZ©„K †µZv‡K `ª‡e¨i g~j¨ eve` wbw`©ó cwigvY UvKv †Kvb wbw`©ó Zvwi‡L cwi‡kva Kivi kZ©nxb
Av‡`k‡K wewbgq wej ejv nq| †h `wj‡ji gva¨‡g †Kvb e¨w³ kZ©nxbfv‡e cÖwZÁv K‡i †h, wbw`©ó cwigvY UvKv
†Kvb we‡kl Zvwi‡L D³ `wj‡ji evnK A_ev Ab¨ †Kvb Avw`ó e¨w³‡K †`qv n‡e, †m `wjj‡K cÖwZkÖæwZcÎ e‡j|
cÖwZkÖæwZc‡Î UvKv †`qvi Rb¨ †Kvb kZ© _v‡K bv| GwU GKwU cÖwZÁv ev cÖwZkÖæwZ gvÎ| GwU A½xKvicÎ bv‡gI
cwiwPZ| Avmyb, G BDwbU †kl Kwi Ges †PK, wewbgqcÎ I cÖwZkÖæwZcÎ m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ †R‡b wbB|

BDwbU mgvwßi mgq BDwbU mgvwßi m‡e©v”P mgq 2 mßvn

G BDwb‡Ui cvVmg~n
cvV-6.1 t †PK
cvV-6.2 t wewbgqcÎ
cvV-6.3 t cÖwZkÖæwZcÎ

gyL¨ kãgvjv cÖwZkÖæwZcÎ, wewbgq wej Ges †PK

GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

cvV-6.1 †PK
D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-

†PK wK Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

†P‡Ki ˆewkó¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

†P‡Ki cÿmg~n eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

wewfbœ cÖKvi †P‡Ki myweav I Amyweav Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

†PK m¤úwK©Z cÖZviYv I RvwjqvwZi wec‡ÿ e¨vs‡Ki wbivcËv e¨e¯’v Kx n‡Z cv‡i Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb|

†PK Aby‡gv`b I Aby‡gv`‡bi cÖKvi‡f` eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

†P‡Ki Agh©v`v I nviv‡bv †P‡Ki Rb¨ KiYxq e¨e¯’v eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

†P‡Ki aviYv
e¨vs‡Ki †Kvb g‡°j KZ©„K Zvi e¨vs‡Ki cÖwZ Zvi wnmve n‡Z wbw`©ó cwigvY UvKv evnK‡K A_ev
Avw`ó e¨w³‡K cÖ`vb Kivi wjwLZ Av‡`k‡K †PK e‡j| Bsj¨v‡Ûi wewbgq wej AvBb-Gi fvlvq, Ò‡PK
†Kvb e¨vs‡Ki Dci AvbxZ Ggb GKwU n¯ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨ `wjj hv PvIqvgvÎ cwi‡kva Ki‡Z nq| n¯ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨ `wjj
AvB‡bi 6bs avivq ejv n‡q‡Q †h, †Kvb wbw`©ó e¨vs‡Ki Dc‡i KvUv Ges ïay PvIqvgvÎ cwi‡kva‡hvM¨ ÔAv‡`kÕ‡K
†PK ejv nq| myZivs Avgiv Rvbjvg, †PK GK ai‡bi Av‡`k| ÒA cheque is an order, written by a drawer, to
a banker to pay on demand a specified sum of money to a person or persons named as payee on the
cheque” - Hanson.
†PK AvgvbZKvix KZ©„K Zv‡K A_ev Ab¨ †Kvb e¨w³‡K A_ev evnK‡K wbw`©ó cwigvY UvKv †`qvi Rb¨ e¨vs‡Ki
cÖwZ GKwU kZ©nxb wjwLZ Av‡`k| G Av‡`k Abyhvqx e¨vsK †Kvb e¨w³‡K ev evnK‡K wbw`©ó cwigvY UvKv
PvIqvgvÎ cÖ`vb Ki‡Z eva¨ _v‡K| †PK GKgvÎ e¨vs‡Ki DciB KvUv hvq| †Kvb e¨w³ ev cÖwZôv‡bi Dci KvUv
hvq bv| e¨vs‡K hvi AvgvbZ Av‡Q, †m e¨w³B ïay †PK KvU‡Z cv‡i| e¨vsK †_‡K mieivn Kiv gyw`ªZ †P‡Ki
cvZvq †PK KvUv nq| †h †Kvb KvM‡R †PK †jLv hvq bv| Avevi GK e¨vs‡Ki †PK Ab¨ e¨vs‡Ki Dci KvUv hvq
bv| †P‡Ki msÁv Rvbv nj| Gevi Avmyb Avgiv Gi wbw`©ó ˆewk󨸇jv †R‡b wbB|

†P‡Ki ˆewkó¨mg~n
‡P‡Ki A‡bK¸‡jv ˆewkó¨ i‡q‡Q hv wb‡P Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jvt
1. Av‡`k t †PK UvKv †`qvi Rb¨ e¨vs‡Ki cÖwZ GKwU Av‡`k| †PK ÔAv‡`kÕ kãwU †LvjvLywj †jLvi `iKvi
†bB| KviY Ô‡`qv †nvKÕ GB K_vwU n‡Z ‡evSv hvq †h, †PK GKwU Av‡`k|
2. kZ©wenxb Av‡`k t UvKv cÖ`vb Kivi Av‡`k kZ©wenxb n‡Z n‡e| †Kvb kZ© Av‡ivc Ki‡j Zv †PK nq bv|
3. wjwLZ Av‡`k t †PK Aek¨B wjwLZ nq| †gŠwLK Av‡`k †PK e‡j MY¨ nq bv|
4. e¨vs‡Ki cÖwZ Av‡`k t †PK ïaygvÎ wbw`©ó e¨vsK‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡i KvUv nq| e¨vsK e¨wZZ Ab¨ †Kvb e¨w³
ev cÖwZôv‡bi Dci †PK KvUv hvq bv|
5. ¯^vÿi t †P‡K Aek¨B †PK`vZvi ¯^vÿi _vK‡e| †PK cÖ¯‘ZKvi‡Ki ¯^vÿi e¨ZxZ †PK ˆea e‡j MY¨ nq
bv|
6. ZvwiL t †P‡K Aek¨B ZvwiL _vK‡e| G‡Z ZvwiL bv _vK‡j e¨vs‡Ki wbKU Zv MÖnY‡hvM¨ n‡e bv|

BDwbU 6 c„ôv 106

 wdb¨vÝ, e¨vswKs I wegv wØZxq cÎ

7. cÿmg~n t †P‡K mvaviYZ: wZbwU cÿ _v‡K| 1g cÿ‡K Av‡`óv, 2q cÿ‡K Avw`ó Ges 3q cÿ‡K
cÖvcK ejv nq| whwb †PK cÖ¯‘Z K‡ib ev †PK Kv‡Ub wZwbB Av‡`óv| cÿvšÍ‡i, e¨vs‡Ki D‡Ï‡k¨ †PK
KvUv nq e‡j e¨vsK Avw`ó| whwb e¨vs‡K †PK Rgv w`‡q UvKv MÖnY K‡ib wZwbB cÖvcK| †PK `vZv wb‡RI
cÖvcK n‡Z cv‡ib|
8. K_vq I As‡K UvKvi cwigvY t A¯úóZv cwinv‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨ †P‡K K_vq I As‡K UvKvi cwigvY wjL‡Z
nq|
9. PvIqvgvÎ cwi‡kva t †P‡Ki UvKv PvIqvgvÎ cwi‡kva Ki‡Z nq| †P‡Ki Dci ÔPvIqvgvÎÕ K_vwU wjwce×
bv _vK‡jI Zv e¨vs‡K Dc¯’vcb Kiv gvÎB †Kvb AvBbMZ KviY bv _vK‡j cwi‡kva Ki‡Z nq| `vMKvUv
†P‡Ki †ejvq Aek¨ GB wbq‡gi e¨wZµg †`Lv hvq|
10. wbw`©ó cwigvY A_© cwi‡kva t †P‡K cwi‡kva¨ UvKvi cwigvY wbw`©ó n‡Z n‡e| cwigv‡Y ب_©KZv _vK‡j Zv
†PK wn‡m‡e MY¨ n‡e bv|
11. Aby‡gvw`Z e¨w³‡K UvKv cÖ`vb t wbw`©ó cwigvY UvKv wbw`©ó e¨w³‡K A_ev Zvi Avw`ó e¨w³‡K A_ev
†P‡Ki evnK‡K w`‡Z n‡e|
12. wewnZ gy`ªvq UvKv cwi‡kva t †P‡Ki UvKv †`kxq wewnZ gy`vª q cwi‡kva Ki‡Z n‡e| †`‡ki AvBbm½Z
cÖPwjZ gy`ªv e¨ZxZ Ab¨ †Kvb we‡`kx gy`vª q †P‡Ki UvKv cwi‡kva Kiv hvq bv|
13. †PK KvUvi eva¨evaKZv t e¨vs‡Ki MÖvnK Qvov Ab¨ †KD †PK KvU‡Z cv‡i bv| A_©vr e¨vsK n‡Z †h
wnmveMÖnxZvi bv‡g †PK Bmy¨ Kiv nq Ges hvi bgybv ¯^vÿi e¨vs‡K iwÿZ _v‡K, wZwb e¨ZxZ Ab¨ †KD
†PK KvU‡j Zv MÖnY‡hvM¨ n‡e bv|
14. Dc¯’vcb t †P‡Ki UvKv cwi‡kv‡ai Rb¨ †PK Aek¨B cÖPwjZ wbqg gvwdK I h_vmg‡q e¨vs‡K Dc¯’vcb
Ki‡Z n‡e|

‡P‡Ki cÿmg~n
‡P‡Ki 3wU cÿ _v‡K h_v Av‡`óv, Avw`ó I e¨vsK|
1. Av‡`óv t †P‡Ki Av‡`óv‡K ‡PK cÖ¯‘ZKviKI e‡j| Gi gva¨‡g e¨vs‡Ki AvgvbZKvix wbw`©ó cwigvY UvKv
†P‡Ki evnK ev wbw`©ó †Kvb e¨w³‡K cÖ`vb Kivi Rb¨ Zvi e¨vsK‡K Av`‡k cÖ`vb K‡i| G‡ÿ‡Î AvgvbZKvix n‡jb
†P‡Ki Av‡`óv| †Kvb cÖwZôvb ‡Kvb Kgx©‡K †PK KvUvi KZ©„Z¡ (authority) cÖ`vb Ki‡j wZwbI †P‡Ki Av‡`óv
n‡eb| G‡ÿ‡Î AvgvbZKvix n‡jv cÖwZôvb wKš‘ Av‡`óv n‡jb KZ©„Zc ¡ vÖ ß e¨w³|
2. Avw`ó t Avw`ó n‡jv †P‡Ki wØZxq cÿ| Avw`ó ej‡Z Zv‡KB eySv‡bv n‡e hvi Dci A_© cwi‡kv‡ai Rb¨ †P‡Ki
gva¨‡g Av‡`k cÖ`vb Kiv nq| e¨vsK n‡jv †P‡Ki Avw`ó|
3. MÖvnK t mnR K_vq Av‡`óv †P‡Ki gva¨‡g hv‡K wbw`©ó cwigvY A_© cÖ`v‡bi Av‡`k †`q Zv‡K †P‡Ki cÖvcK
e‡j| Av‡`óv wb‡RB †P‡Ki cÖvcK n‡Z cv‡ib| Gi gv‡b n‡jv, e¨vsK †_‡K UvKv Zzj‡Z n‡j Zv‡K †PK KvU‡Z
n‡e| †P‡Ki UvKv wZwb wb‡R Zzj‡Z cv‡ib wKsev Ab¨‡Z w`‡qI Zzj‡Z cv‡ib|

†P‡Ki c«Kvi‡f`
‡PK c«avbZ 3 c«Kvi, h_v : evnK †PK, ûKyg †PK Ges `vMKvUv †PK| G¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© Av‡Mi BDwb‡U aviYv †`qv
n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b we¯ÍvwiZ weeiY †`qv n‡jv|
1. evnK †PK
†h †PK †h †Kvb e¨w³ e¨vs‡K Dc¯’vcb K‡i UvKv Zzj‡Z cv‡i, Zv‡K evnK †PK e‡j| G ai‡bi †P‡K cÖvc‡Ki
bv‡gi †k‡l ÔA_ev' kã ‡jLv _v‡K| †h G †PK aviY Ki‡e, †m-B G †P‡Ki gvwjK n‡e| †h e¨w³B G †PK e¨vs‡K
h_vmg‡q wbqggvwdK Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e, †m-B G ai‡bi †P‡Ki UvKv cvIqvi AwaKvix| evnK †P‡Ki e¨envi
me‡P‡q †ewk| Av‡M evnK †PK w`‡q wbw`©ó kvLv Qvov UvKv ‡Zvjv †hZ bv| GLb Ab-jvBb e¨vsK nIqvq †h †Kvb
kvLv †_‡K †P‡Ki gva¨‡g UvKv D‡Ëvjb Kiv hvq|

BDwbU 6 c„ôv 107

GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

myweav t
1. †h †KD G ai‡bi ‡PK e¨envi K‡i e¨vsK †_‡K UvKv Zzj‡Z cv‡ib|
2. G ai‡bi †PK‡K B‡”Q Ki‡jB ûKzg †PK ev `vMKvUv †P‡K cwiYZ Kiv hvq|
3. GwU n¯ÍvšÍi Kivi Rb¨ wbqgKvbyb Lye mnR|
4. G ai‡bi †P‡K †jb‡`b me‡P‡q mnR| evnK †PK e¨vs‡K Dc¯’vc‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ A_© w`‡q w`‡e|
evnK †P‡Ki Amyweavmg~n t
1. evnK †P‡Ki wbivcËv Kg| †PK nvwi‡q †M‡j e¨vs‡K nviv‡bv msev` †`Iqvi c~‡e© †h †KD Dc¯’vcb K‡i
UvKv Zz‡j wb‡Z cv‡i|
1. G ai‡bi †PK mv‡_ K‡i enb Kivi mgq wbivcËvi Kvi‡Y mveavbZv Aej¤^b Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|
2. G ai‡bi †P‡Ki gva¨‡g eo ai‡bi †jb‡`b wbivc` bq| ZLb †iLvswKZ †PK e¨envi Kiv wbivc`|

2. ûKyg †PK
†h †P‡K cÖvc‡Ki bv‡gi †k‡l ÔA_evÕ kãwUi ci Order ev Av‡`kµ‡g A_ev evn‡Ki kãwU †K‡U †`qv n‡j Zv‡K
ûKzg †PK e‡j| e¨vsK †P‡K DwjøwLZ e¨w³ Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb e¨w³‡K G ai‡bi †P‡Ki UvKv cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv|
AvgvbZKvix KZ©„K mbv³ Kivi ci e¨vsK Dc¯’vwcZ †P‡Ki UvKv cÖ`vb K‡i| G ai‡bi †P‡K UvKv ‡Zvjvi Rb¨
wbw`©ó e¨w³‡KB e¨vs‡K Dcw¯’Z n‡Z nq|
ûKzg †P‡Ki myweavmg~n t
1. ûKzg †PK evnK †P‡Ki ‡P‡q †ekx wbivc` Ges RvwjqvwZI Kg nq|
2. †PK nvwi‡q †M‡jI †h †KD UvKv Zzj‡Z cv‡i bv|
3. ûKzg †P‡Ki †cQ‡b ¯^vÿi K‡i n¯ÍvšÍi Kiv hvq|
4. ûKzg †P‡Ki gva¨‡g ‡h †Kvb cwigvY A‡_©i †jb‡`b Kiv wbivc`|
5. ûKzg †P‡K SzuwK Kg _v‡K|
ûKzg †P‡Ki Amyweavmg~n t
1. ûKzg †P‡Ki UvKv wba©vwiZ e¨w³ Qvov †KD Zzj‡Z cv‡i bv e‡j †jb‡`b mnR nq bv|
2. e¨vs‡K wnmve bv _vK‡j G ai‡bi †P‡Ki UvKv †c‡Z Amyweav nq ev wejw¤^Z nq|
3. G ai‡bi †P‡Ki wbivcËv `vMKvUv †PK A‡cÿv Kg|
4. GKgvÎ cÖ¯ÍzZKviKB ûKzg †PK‡K evnK †P‡K iƒcvšÍi Ki‡Z cv‡i, Ab¨ †KD bq|

3. `vMKvUv †PK
†h †P‡Ki Dc‡i evg w`‡K Dc‡ii †KvYvq †KvbvKzwb `ywU mgvšÍivj †iLv AsKb Kiv nq Ges ÔGÛ †KvsÕ,
Ô†KejgvÎ cÖvc‡Ki wnmv‡eÕ, †Kv¤úvbxi bvg, e¨vs‡Ki bvg ev kvLvi bvg cÖf…wZ D‡jøL _v‡K, Zv‡K `vMKvUv †PK
e‡j| `vMKvUvi Kvi‡Y †P‡Ki wbivcËv e„w× cvq| AwbðqZv I SzuwK Gov‡bvi D‡Ï‡k¨ wbivcËvi e¨e¯’v wn‡m‡e
e¨vs‡Ki gva¨‡g †P‡Ki UvKv cwi‡kv‡ai j‡ÿ †P‡Ki Dcwifv‡M evg †Kv‡Y AvovAvwo `ywU `vMKvUvmn †PK cÖ¯ÍzZ
Kiv nq|
`vMKvUv †P‡Ki myweavmg~n t
1. `vMKvUv †P‡Ki UvKv e¨vs‡Ki wnmv‡ei gva¨‡g D‡Ëvjb Ki‡Z nq| e¨vs‡K †Kvb wbw`©ó wnmv‡e Rgv bv
w`‡q mivmwi UvKv †Zvjv hvq bv e‡j G †PK nvwi‡q †M‡jI †P‡Ki UvKv SuywK _v‡K bv| GwU †jb‡`‡bi
cÖvgvb¨ `wjj wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
2. `vMKvUv †PK e¨vs‡K Rgv w`‡q UvKv msMÖn Kiv nq e‡j Ab¨ †KD UvKv Zzj‡Z cv‡i bv| †m Kvi‡Y SuzwK
_v‡K bv| ïaygvÎ †P‡Ki cÖvcKB †P‡Ki UvKv †fvM Ki‡Z cv‡i| G wbðqZv `vMKvUv †P‡KB m¤¢e|

BDwbU 6 c„ôv 108

 wdb¨vÝ, e¨vswKs I wegv wØZxq cÎ

3. †h‡nZz `vMKvUv †P‡Ki UvKv †Kvb e¨vs‡Ki wbw`©ó †Kvb wnmv‡ei gva¨‡g msMÖn Kiv nq, ‡m‡nZz †Kvb †PK
†KD RvwjqvwZ ev Pzwi Ki‡j Zv mbv³ Kiv mnR nq| A_©vr Gi gva¨‡g †jb‡`b cy‡ivcywi wbivc`|
4. `vMKvUv †P‡Ki wbivcËv me‡P‡q †ekx nIqvq †h ‡Kvb ai‡bi eo As‡Ki UvKv `vMKvUv †P‡Ki gva¨‡g
cwi‡kva Kiv hvq|
5. cÖ‡qvRb n‡j `vMKvUv †PK‡K Av‡`óv KZ©„K †Lvjv ev ûKzg †P‡K cwiYZ Kiv hvq| G †ÿ‡Î cÖ¯ÍzZKviK
†P‡K `vMKvUv ¯’v‡b Zvi bgybv ¯^vÿi K‡i ‡PKwU evnK †P‡K ev ûKzg †P‡K iƒcvšÍi Ki‡Z cv‡ib| G †PK
Aby‡gv`b Øviv n¯ÍvšÍi Kiv hvq|
6. `vMKvUv †PK AwaKZi wbivc` Ges RvwjqvwZ I cÖZviYvi my‡hvM Kg nIqvq e¨vsK I g‡°j Df‡qB
wbivc` ‡eva K‡i| d‡j Zv‡`i g‡a¨ †Kvb fzj ‡evSv‡evwSi AeKvk _v‡K bv|
7. e¨vs‡Ki Kv‡QI `vMKvUv †PK myweavRbK I wbivc`| †Kbbv e¨vsK wbwð‡šÍ Ab¨ e¨vsK KZ©„K Dc¯’vwcZ
`vMKvUv †PK cwi‡kva Ki‡Z cv‡i|
we‡kl ai‡bi †PKmg~n t
Dc‡i Av‡jvwPZ cÖavb wZb cÖKvi †PK e¨ZxZ AviI wKQy †PK i‡q‡Q| wb‡P Gme†P‡Ki eY©bv †`qv n‡jvt
1. c~e©eZx© Zvwi‡Li †PKt aiæb, †PK Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡jv 1 RyjvB 2018 A_P Dc¯’vc‡bi ZvwiL n‡jv 25
RyjvB 2018| G ai‡bi †PK‡K c~ee© Zx© Zvwi‡Li †PK e‡j| evsjv‡`‡ki cÖPwjZ AvBb Abyhvqx †P‡K
D‡jøwLZ ZvwiL n‡Z cieZx© Qqgvm ev 180 w`b ch©šÍ †PK Valid _v‡K| Gici Avi D³ †P‡Ki gva¨‡g
UvKv †Zvjv hv‡e bv| ZvwiL cwieZ©b K‡i cÖ¯ÍzZKvi‡Ki ¯^vÿ‡ii gva¨‡g Avevi UvKv D‡Ëvjb Kiv hvq|
2. cieZx© Zvwi‡Li †PK t G ai‡bi †P‡K cÖ¯ÍzZKvix AvMvg ZvwiL D‡jøL K‡i| G‡ÿ‡Î D³ ZvwiL bv Avmv
ch©šÍ e¨vsK †_‡K UvKv ‡Zvjv hv‡e bv| aiæb, AvR 16-7-2018 ZvwiL| mvjvg Kwei‡K AvMvgx 25-8-
2018 Zvwi‡Li GKwU evnK ev ûKzg †PK cÖ`vb Kij| G‡ÿ‡Î 25 AvM÷ 2018 bv Avmv ch©šÍ e¨vsK †_‡K
UvKv ‡Zvjv hv‡e bv| G ai‡bi †PK‡K AvMvg †PK e‡j|
3. evwZj ev evwm †PK t ‡P‡K DwjøwLZ ZvwiL n‡Z cieZx© Qqgvm ch©šÍ GKwU †P‡Ki †gqv` _v‡K| Qq gvm
DËxY© nIqvi c‡i †PK e¨vs‡K Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡j Zv‡K evwm ev evwZj †PK e‡j|
4. ågYKvixi †PK t åg‡Yi mgq bM` A_© enb Kiv wbivc` bq| ZvB e¨vsK bM` UvKv †i‡L ågYKvix‡K GKwU
†PK †`q| GwU‡K ågYKvixi †PK ejv nq| Bmy¨Kvix e¨vs‡Ki wewfbœ kvLv ev we‡`‡k †h †Kvb kvLv I
cÖwZwbwai wbKU Rgv w`‡q D³ †P‡Ki UvKv D‡Ëvjb Kiv hvq| Ab-jvBb e¨vswKs nIqvi Kvi‡Y ågYKvixi
†PK GLb K‡g hv‡”Q|
5. cÖZ¨vwqZ †PK t †h †P‡Ki UvKv Zzj‡Z c~‡e© e¨vs‡Ki e¨e¯’vc‡Ki Aby‡gv`b wb‡Z nq, Zv‡K cÖZ¨vwqZ †PK
e‡j| ïaygvÎ eo As‡Ki UvKvi †P‡KB G ai‡bi cÖPjb Av‡Q|
6. †Lvjv †PK t †Kvb ai‡bi `vMKvUv bv _vK‡j Zv‡K †Lvjv †PK e‡j| GUv Kg wbivc`| †h‡Kvb cÿ †Lvjv
†PK‡K `vMKvUv †P‡K iƒcvšÍi Ki‡Z cv‡i| GLv‡b †Kvb e¨w³i bvg _v‡K bv| ïay ‘Cash’ wj‡L †PK KvUv
nq|
7. nviv‡bv †PK t aiæb, Avcbvi GKwU †PK nvwi‡q †Mj| Kx Ki‡eb? ZvrÿwYKfv‡e e¨vsK‡K Rvbv‡eb| GUvB
nviv‡bv †PK| e¨vsK n‡Z UvKv ‡Zvjvi c~‡e© †PK nvwi‡q †dj‡j Zv‡K nviv‡bv †PK ejv nq| nviv‡bv †PK n‡Z
UvKv †Zvjv hvq bv| wjwLZ †bvwU‡ki gva¨‡g G ai‡bi †P‡Ki UvKv cwi‡kva eÜ ivLv hvq|
8. Pywi ev RvwjqvwZ †PK t †KD †PK Pywi ev RvwjqvwZ Ki‡j Zv‡K Pywi ev RvwjqvwZ †PK ejv nq| G‡ÿ‡Î
†P‡Ki gvwjK e¨vs‡K †bvwUk cÖ`vb K‡i †P‡Ki UvKv cÖ`vb eÜ ivL‡Z cv‡i|

BDwbU 6 c„ôv 109

GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

†P‡Ki cÖZviYv I RvwjqvwZ

cÖ¯ÍzZK…Z †P‡K A‰eafv‡e †Kvbiƒc cwieZ©b K‡i A_ev AvgbZKvixi ¯^vÿi Rvj K‡i e¨vs‡K †PK Dc¯’vc‡bi
gva¨‡g UvKv †Zvjv‡K RvwjqvwZ e‡j| G ai‡bi RvwjqvwZi Rb¨ evsjv‡`‡k e¨vswKs AvB‡b kvw¯Íi e¨e¯’v i‡q‡Q|
†Kvb AvgvbZKvixi wnmv‡e †h cwigvY UvKv Av‡Q Zv †_‡K †ekx As‡Ki UvKv †P‡K wjLv, fzj wnmve b¤^i wjLv,
GKB e¨vs‡Ki Ab¨ kvLvi †PK Dc¯’vcb Kiv, GK wnmv‡ei †PK Ab¨ wnmv‡ei Rb¨ Rgv Kiv, h_vh_ n¯ÍvšÍi
e¨wZwi‡K †PK Rgv †`qv cÖf…wZ cš’v B”QvK…Z fv‡e Aej¤^b K‡i e¨vsK †_‡K UvKv DVv‡bvi †Póv Kiv‡K †P‡Ki
cÖZviYv ejv nq|
†gvUK_v, †Kvb A‰ea cš’v Aej¤^b Kivi gva¨‡g e¨vsK †_‡K †h †KD UvKv D‡Ëvj‡bi e¨e¯’v Ki‡j Zv‡K †P‡Ki
cÖZviYv I RvwjqvwZ ejv nq|

†P‡Ki RvwjqvwZ I cÖZviYvi wec‡ÿ e¨vs‡Ki mZK©Zv ev KiYxqmg~n

†PK RvwjqvwZ A‡bK mgq eo ai‡bi wech©q †W‡K Av‡b| ‡P‡Ki RvwjqvwZ I cÖZviYv †iva Kivi Rb¨ mZK©Zv
Aej¤^b Ki‡Z nq| Avmyb, welq¸‡jv wb‡P Av‡jvPbv Kwi:
1. e¨vsK I kvLv t †Kvb †PK e¨vs‡K Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡j cÖ_‡gB †`L‡Z n‡e D³ †PK mswkøó e¨vs‡Ki wKbv|
2. ¯^vÿi cixÿv t RgvK…Z †PKwUi wbw`©ó RvqMvq †P‡Ki Av‡`óvi ¯^vÿi Av‡Q wKbv I D³ ¯^vÿi Zvi e¨vs‡K
RgvK…Z bgybv ¯^vÿ‡ii mv‡_ ûeû wgj Av‡Q wKbv Zv †`L‡Z n‡e|
3. †P‡Ki ZvwiL t †gqv` DËxY© †PK ev AwMÖg †P‡Ki UvKv cwi‡kva Kiv hv‡e bv| GgbwK †P‡K ZvwiL KvUvKvwU
_vK‡j ‡m‡ÿ‡Î Av‡`óvi bgybv ¯^vÿi e¨ZxZ UvKv cÖ`vb Kiv hv‡e bv|
4. †P‡Ki µwgK b¤^it †PK eB‡qi g‡a¨ wbw`©ó µwgK b¤^i _v‡K, hv D³ MÖvn‡Ki †jRvi eB‡q wjwce× Kiv
_v‡K| †P‡Ki UvKv cwi‡kva Kivi c~‡e© †`L‡Z n‡e †h D³ †P‡Ki b¤^i Zvi bv‡g Bmy¨K…Z wmwiqvj b¤^‡ii
mv‡_ wg‡j wKbv|
5. A‡_©i cwigvY t †P‡K DwjøwLZ As‡K I K_vq UvKvi cwigvY GKB wKbv bv n‡j †PK cÖZ¨vL¨vb Ki‡Z n‡e|
6. †P‡Ki cwieZ©b t †P‡K †Kvb ai‡bi cwieZ©b, †hgb ZvwiL cwieZ©b, UvKvi AsK cwieZ©b BZ¨vw` Av‡Q wKbv
Zv †`L‡Z n‡e| Av‡`óvi e¨vs‡K iwÿZ bgybv ¯^vÿi †P‡K Av‡Q wKbv Zv cixÿv Kiv Acwinvh©|
7. †Qov †PK t †PK †Qov ev ‡gvPov‡bv n‡j e¨vsK ‡PKwU cÖZ¨vLvb Ki‡e|
8. PywiKiv †PKt †Kvb †PK Pywi Kiv n‡q‡Q ev evnK Kzwo‡q †c‡q‡Q GgbwU cÖgvwYZ n‡j e¨vsK ‡P‡Ki UvKv
cÖ`vb Ki‡e bv|
9. wnmve b¤^i t e¨vs‡K Dc¯’vwcZ †P‡K †h wnmve b¤^i Av‡Q Zv cixÿv K‡i †`L‡Z n‡e|
10. Av`vj‡Zi wb‡lavÁv t †Kvb †P‡Ki g~j¨ cwi‡kv‡ai †ÿ‡Î Av`vj‡Zi †Kvbiƒc wb‡lavÁv _vK‡j †P‡Ki UvKv
cÖ`vb Kiv hv‡e bv|
11. Av‡`óvi g„Zz¨ ev †`Dwjqvcbv t AvgvbZKvixi g„Zz¨gy‡L cwZZ n‡j ev wZwb †`Dwjqv ev cvMj †NvwlZ n‡j
†P‡Ki UvKv cÖ`vb Kiv hv‡e bv|
12. Av‡`óvi wb‡lavÁv t †PK cÖ¯ÍzZKviK †Kvb Kvi‡Y †Kvb †P‡Ki UvKv cwi‡kva Kivi Dci wb‡lavÁv Rvwi K‡i
_vK‡j D³ †P‡Ki UvKv cwi‡kva Kiv hv‡e bv|
13. m‡›`nhy³ ‡PK t †P‡Ki UvKv cwi‡kva Kivi c~‡e© †P‡K †Kvb cÖKvi m‡›`n Av‡Q wKbv Zv wbwðZ Kivi ciB
ïay UvKv cwi‡kva Ki‡Z n‡e| †Kvbiƒc m‡›`n _vK‡j †P‡Ki UvKv cwi‡kva Kiv m½Z bq|

BDwbU 6 c„ôv 110

 wdb¨vÝ, e¨vswKs I wegv wØZxq cÎ

†PK cÖZ¨vL¨vb ev †P‡Ki Agh©v`vKiY

†P‡K †Kvb cÖKvi ÎæwU bv _vK‡j e¨vsK †P‡Ki UvKv w`‡Z eva¨| GUv‡K †P‡Ki gh©v`vKiY ev honor Kiv ejv nq|
wKšÍz wKQy wKQy †ÿ‡Î e¨vsK †P‡Ki UvKv w`‡Z A¯^xKvi K‡i _v‡K, GUv‡KB †P‡Ki Agh©v`vKiY ev dishonor Kiv
ejv nq| †P‡Ki dishonor Aek¨B AvBbm½Z n‡Z n‡e| GKwU †P‡Ki †h mKj kZ© Dcw¯’Z _vK‡j †P‡Ki UvKv
e¨vsK w`‡Z eva¨, †m kZ©¸‡jv _vKvi ciI †P‡Ki UvKv cÖ`vb bv Ki‡j Zv †eAvBbx n‡e| ˆea Kvi‡Y e¨vsK KZ…K ©
MÖvn‡Ki †P‡Ki UvKv cÖ`v‡b A¯^xK…wZ‡K †P‡Ki cÖZ¨vLvb ev Agh©v`vKiY ejv nq| †PK Agh©v`vKiY-Gi KviY¸‡jv
wb¤œiƒc t
1. Av‡`óvi ch©vß A_© e¨vs‡K Rgv bv _vK‡j NSF (No sufficient fund) wj‡L e¨vsK †PK cÖZ¨vLvb K‡i|
2. †PK cÖ¯ÍzZKvi‡Ki ¯^vÿi bv _vK‡j A_ev ¯^vÿi _vK‡j Zv e¨vs‡K iwÿZ bgybv ¯^vÿ‡ii mv‡_ cy‡ivcywi bv
wgj‡j ‡PK cÖZ¨vLvZ nq|
3. wnmve b¤^i bv _vK‡j ev wnmve b¤^i fzj _vK‡j †PK cÖZ¨vLvb Kiv nq|
4. ZvwiL bv _vK‡j ev Qq gv‡mi †ekx n‡q †M‡j ev AwMÖg ZvwiL n‡j †P‡Ki UvKv cÖ`vb Kiv hvq bv|
5. †P‡K K_vq I As‡K UvKvi cwigv‡Y Mowgj _vK‡j †PK cÖZ¨vLvb Kiv nq|
6. ûKzg †P‡K e¨w³i bvg D‡jøL bv _vK‡j ev †h bvg D‡jøL Av‡Q Zvi mv‡_ †P‡Ki Dc¯’vcK e¨w³ GK bv n‡j
†PK cÖZ¨vL¨vb Kiv nq|
7. †P‡K †Kvb cÖKvi KvUvKvwU ev NlvgvSv n‡j †P‡Ki UvKv cwi‡kva Kiv nq bv|
8. †P‡K Ifvi ivBwUs _vK‡j †PK cÖZ¨vLvb Kiv nq|
9. †P‡Ki Av‡`óvi g„Zz¨ n‡j, †`Dwjqv ‡NvwlZ n‡j ev gw¯Í®‹ weK…wZ NU‡j ev Av‡`óv cvMj n‡j ‡PK cÖZ¨vL¨vZ
nq|
10. AvgvbZKvixi ev Av`vj‡Zi wb‡lavÁv _vK‡j e¨vsK †PK cÖZ¨vLvb K‡i|
12. wnmve †Kvb Kvi‡Y eÜ _vK‡j †P‡Ki UvKv cwi‡kva Kiv hvq bv|
13. †PK †Qov ev A¯úó n‡j e¨vsK †PK cÖZ¨vLvb K‡i|
14. ‡Kvb cÖwZôv‡bi †ÿ‡Î cÖvwZôvwbK †PK`vZvi Awdwmqvj wmj bv _vK‡j †PK cÖZ¨vL¨vZ nq|

wkÿv_©xi KvR †PK dishonor nIqvi KviY¸‡jv LvZvq wjLyb|

mvims‡ÿc:
e¨vs‡Ki †Kvb g‡°j KZ©„K Zvi e¨vs‡Ki cÖwZ Zvi wnmve n‡Z wbw`©ó cwigvY UvKv evnK‡K A_ev Avw`ó e¨w³‡K
cÖ`vb Kivi wjwLZ Av‡`k‡K †PK e‡j| ‡P‡Ki 3wU cÿ _v‡K h_v Av‡`óv, Avw`ó I e¨vsK| cÖ¯zZ Í K…Z †P‡K
A‰eafv‡e †Kvbiƒc cwieZ©b K‡i A_ev AvgbZKvixi ¯^vÿi Rvj K‡i e¨vs‡K †PK Dc¯’vc‡bi gva¨‡g UvKv
†Zvjv‡K RvwjqvwZ e‡j| †P‡K †Kvb cÖKvi ÎæwU bv _vK‡j e¨vsK †P‡Ki UvKv w`‡Z eva¨| GUv‡K †P‡Ki
gh©v`vKiY Kiv ejv nq| wKšÍz wKQy wKQy †ÿ‡Î e¨vsK †P‡Ki UvKv w`‡Z A¯^xKvi K‡i _v‡K, GUv‡KB †P‡Ki
Agh©v`vKiY Kiv ejv nq|

BDwbU 6 c„ôv 111

GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-6.1

√) wPý w`b|
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK (√
1. †P‡Ki cÿ KqwU?
K. 2wU L. 3wU
M. 4wU N. 5wU
2. e¨vs‡Ki cÖwZ MÖvn‡Ki wjwLZ Av‡`k Kx e‡j?
K. WªvdU L. ‡PK
M. ‡c-AW©vi N. e¨vsK M¨vivw›U
3. cÖ_g ch©v‡q †PK Kx bv‡g cwiwPZ wQj?
K. cvkeB L. cvIbv wPwV
M. Rgv iwk` N. D‡Ëvjb wPVv
4. e¨vs‡Ki bvg D‡jøL K‡i `vMKvUv n‡j Zv‡K ejv nq?
K. mvaviY `vMKvUv L. we‡l `vMKvUv
M. ‰ØZ `vMKvUv N. meKwUB
5. duvKv †P‡K †KvbwU _v‡K bv?
K. ZvwiL L. ¯^vÿi
M. UvKvi cwigvY N. cÖvc‡Ki bvg
6. ‡P‡Ki †gqv` KZ w`b?
K. 40 w`b L. 80 w`b
M. 120 w`b N. 180 w`b
7. evsjv‡`‡k n¯ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨ `wjj AvBbwU KZ mv‡ji?
K. 1891 L. 1881
M. 1888 N. 1882
8. eûj cÖPwjZ n¯ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨ FY `wjj †KvbwU?
K. ‡PK L. ‡c-AW©vi
M. Pvjvb N. eÛ
9. wb‡Pi Av‡`óv †K?
K. AvgvbZKvix L. e¨vsK
M. cvcK N. K¨vwkqvi
10. cÖ¯‘Z Kivq KZ w`b ci †Kvb †PK evwm‡K cwiYZ nq?
K. 3 ev 90 w`b L. 4 ev 120 w`b
M. 5 ev 150 w`b N. 6 gvm ev 180 w`b
11. e¨vsK n‡Z A_© D‡Ëvj‡bi mgq hvi wbKU †PK _v‡K Zv‡K wK e‡j?
K. aviK L. Aby‡gv`bKvix
M. evnK N. cÖvcK
12. ‡Kvb †PKwU me‡P‡q wbivc`?
K. `vMKvUv L. ûKzg
M. evnK N. ågYKvixi
13. ‡h †P‡Ki †gqv` P‡j †M‡Q Zv‡K wK †PK e‡j?
K. evwZj L. evnK
M. duvKv N. evwm

BDwbU 6 c„ôv 112

 wdb¨vÝ, e¨vswKs I wegv wØZxq cÎ

14. n¯ÍvšÍ‡ii gva¨‡g cÖvß †P‡Ki gvwjK‡K Kx e‡j?

K. cÖvcK L. Aby‡gv`b e‡j cÖvcK
M. Aby‡gv`bKvix N. Av‡`óv
15. ‡P‡K †Kvb KvUv KvwU NlvgvRv Ki‡j wK Ki‡Z nq?
K. Av‡`óvi ¯^vÿi L. Avw`‡ói ¯^vÿi
M. e¨vs‡Ki ¯^vÿi N. Aby‡gv`b MÖnYKvixi ¯^vÿi
16. ‡P‡Ki Aby‡gv`b KZ cÖKvi?
K. 2 cÖKvi L. 3 cÖKvi
M. 4 cÖKvi N. 5 cÖKvi
17. Aby‡gv`‡bi d‡j †P‡Ki †Kvb ai‡bi Dcv‡hvM ev myweav e„w× cvq?
K. ‡gqv`Kvj e„w× L. n¯ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨Zv n«vm cvq
M. e¨envi Dc‡hvwMZv e„w× N. wbivcËv e„w×
18. RvwjqvwZ I cÖZviYvi †iv‡a e¨vs‡Ki iÿvKeP †KvbwU?
K. Aby‡gv`b L. `vMKvUv
M. bgybv ¯^vÿi N. KYC dg©
19. GKwU ˆea †P‡Ki cÿ n‡Z cv‡iÑ
i. Av‡`óv
ii. Avw`ó
iii. cÖvcK
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K. i I ii L. i, ii I iii
M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii
20. duvKv †P‡K _v‡K bv-
i. ZvwiL
ii. UvKvi AsK
iii. ¯^vÿi
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K. i I ii L. i, ii I iii
M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii
21. Blank Cheque-Gi †ÿ‡Î
i. `vMKvUv eva¨Zvg~jK
ii. A‡_©i cwigvY †jLv eva¨Zvg~jK
iii. B‡”QgZ A_© D‡Ëvj‡bi my‡hvM _v‡K
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K. i I ii L. i, ii I iii
M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii

BDwbU 6 c„ôv 113

GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

cvV-6.2 wewbgq wej

D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-

wewbgq we‡ji eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡eb|

wewbgq we‡ji ˆewkó¨ D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

wewbgq we‡ji cÿmg~n eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

wewbgq we‡ji †kÖwYwefvM Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

wewbgq wej
1881 mv‡ji wb‡Mvwk‡qej Bb÷y‡g›U G¨v‡±i 13 aviv Abymv‡i †h wZbwU n¯ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨ `wjj i‡q‡Q,
Zb¥‡a¨ wewbgq wej n‡jv we‡kl ¸iæZ¡c~Y© `wjj| G cv‡V Avgiv wewbgq wej (Bill of of Exchange) wb‡q
Av‡jvPbv Kie|

wewbgq wej Kv‡K e‡j?

`ª‡e¨i we‡µZv KZ©„K †µZv‡K `ª‡e¨i g~j¨ eve` wbw`©ó cwigvY UvKv †Kvb wbw`©ó Zvwi‡L cwi‡kva Kivi kZ©nxb
Av‡`k‡K wewbgq wej ejv nq| 1881 mv‡ji n¯ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨ `wjj AvBb wewbgq we‡ji wb‡¤œv³ msÁv w`‡q‡Q:
Ò‡Kvb we‡kl †jvK ev Zvvi Avw`ó e¨w³‡K ev evnK‡K wbw`©ó cwigvY UvKv cÖ`vb Kivi Rb¨ Av‡`óvi mwnK…Z I
kZ©nxb Av‡`k m¤^wjZ GKwU wjwLZ `wjj n‡jv wewbgq wej|Ó (aviv-5) (An instrument in writing, containing
an unconditional order, signed by the maker, directing a certain person to pay a certain sum of money
only to or to the order of, a certain person, or to the bearer of the instrument)| Ab¨fv‡e ejv hvq, wewbgq
wej GKRb †jvK KZ©„K ¯^vÿi Kiv GKwU wjwLZ kZ©nxb Av‡`kcÎ hv Øviv wbw`©ó cwigvY A_© †Kvb e¨w³‡K ev
Zvvi Avw`ó †jvK‡K ev Zvi evnK‡K PvIqvgvÎ †Kvb wbw`©ó mg‡q †`qvi Rb¨ †Kvb wbw`©ó †jvK‡K wb‡`©k cÖ`vb
Kiv nq| †mvRv K_vq, wbw`©ó Zvwi‡L wbw`©ó cwigvY UvKv †`qvi Rb¨ GKRb KZ©„K Avi GKR‡bi Dci wjwLZ
kZ©nxb Av‡`kbvgv‡K wewbgq wej e‡j| ÔkZ©nxbÕ c`evP¨wU GLv‡b we‡køl‡Yi AeKvk iv‡L| †Kvb NUbv NUvi ci
we‡ji UvKv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e, Ggb kZ© _vK‡j mvaviYZ: wewbgq wej kZ©nxb nq bv| d‡j `wjjwU wewbgq we‡ji
ch©v‡q c‡o bv| wKš‘ UvKv cÖ`v‡bi e¨vcv‡i hw` Ggb NUbvi kZ© Ry‡o †`qv nq †h NUbv Aek¨ NU‡e, Z‡e wejwU
ÔkZ©h³y Õ e‡j aiv n‡e bv|
Bsj¨v‡Ûi wewbgq wej AvB‡b wewbgq we‡ji wb‡¤œv³ msÁv †`qv n‡q‡Q: A bill of exchange is an unconditional
order in writing, addressed by one person to another, signed by the person giving it, requiring the person
to whom it is addressed, to pay on demand or at a fixed or determinable future time a sum certain in
money to or to the order of a specified person, or to bearer.”
av‡i gvj Lwi‡`i cÖ_v n‡Z wewbgq we‡ji DrcwË| av‡i †jb‡`b n‡j †µZv‡K †jb‡`‡bi ci wbw`©ó mg‡qi g‡a¨
cvIbv †kva Ki‡Z nq| wKš‘ A‡bK mgq we‡µZv ZZw`b A‡cÿv Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| Zvi UvKvi cÖ‡qvRb n‡Z cv‡i|
ZLb †m GKwU wej ˆZwi K‡i †µZvi wbKU Zv cvwV‡q †`q Ges †µZv Zv‡Z ¯^xK…wZ w`‡q we‡µZvi wbKU cvwV‡q
†`q| we‡µZv wejwU e¨vs‡Ki wbKU n‡Z fvsMv‡Z cv‡i A_ev Zvi cvIbv`vi‡K cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i| Kv‡RB †`Lv
hv‡”Q †h, wewbgq wej †`bvi ¯^xKvi cÎ| G‡Z †`bvi cwigvY Ges cwi‡kv‡ai mgq, ZvwiL I ¯’vb wjwce× _v‡K|

BDwbU 6 c„ôv 114

 wdb¨vÝ, e¨vswKs I wegv wØZxq cÎ

wewbgq we‡ji cÖ‡qvRbxq kZ©vewj ev ˆewkó¨mg~n

1. wewbgq wej UvKv †`qvi GKwU wb‡`©k, †gŠwLK Aby‡iva bq| we‡j me©`v Ò‡`qv †nvKÓ A_ev, Ò‡g‡nievbx
K‡i †`qv †nvKÓ K_v¸‡jv †jLv _v‡K|
2. GwU Aek¨B wjwLZ n‡e| AwjwLZ Av‡`k wej nq bv| wjwLZ ej‡Z nv‡Zi †jLv‡K eySvq| UvBc K‡i
wKsev †cwÝj w`‡q wej †jLv DwPr bq|
3. UvKv †`qvi Av‡`k kZ©nxb n‡e| wewbgq wej kZ©hy³ nq bv| †hgb Òikx‡`i we‡qi ci Zv‡K GK nvRvi
UvKv †`qv †nvKÓ -Giƒc kZ© _vK‡j wewbgq wej ˆea nq bv|
4. wej-‡cÖiK KZ©„K wejwU Aek¨B mwnK…Z n‡e| we‡j wej`vZvi ¯^vÿi bv _vK‡j Zv ˆea n‡e bv| mwn
wb‡Ri nv‡Z Kiv DwPZ| ivevi ÷¨v‡¤úi mwn e¨envi Kiv ˆea bq|
5. GwU GKRb KZ©„K Av‡iKRb‡K m‡¤^vab K‡i wjLv nq| hv‡K m‡¤^vab Kiv nq †m e¨w³, dvg©, †Kv¤úvbx,
Ki‡cv‡ikb cÖf…wZ n‡Z cv‡i|
6. Avw`ó e¨w³ ev hvi Kv‡Q wej ¯^xKv‡ii Rb¨ cvVv‡bv nq, †m Aek¨B GKRb wbw`©ó †jvK n‡e|
7. we‡j Aek¨B Avw`ó e¨w³i ev ¯^xK…wZKvixi `¯ÍLZ _vK‡e|
8. cÖvcK‡KI wbw`©ó n‡Z n‡e| Aek¨ ¯^Zv¡ šÍiKi‡Yi ci Zv evnK‡K cwi‡kva Kiv hvq| ÔcÖvcK ev evnKÕ
Aek¨B GKRb wbw`©ó †jvK n‡eÑ †Kvb KwíZ e¨w³ ev e¯‘ n‡Z cvi‡e bv|
9. cwi‡kva¨ UvKvi cwigvY my¯úó I wbw`©ó n‡e| ب_©KZv cwinv‡ii Rb¨ UvKvi cwigvY K_vq I As‡K
wjL‡Z nq|
10. Av‡`kbvgvwU ïaygvÎ UvKv †`qvi Rb¨B n‡eÑ †Kvb `ª‡e¨i Rb¨ bq|
11. we‡ji UvKv †`‡ki wewnZ gy`ªvq cwi‡kva Ki‡Z n‡e|
12. we‡ji UvKv PvIqvgvÎ A_ev wbw`©ó Zvwi‡L A_ev fwel¨‡Z wba©vwiZe¨ †Kvb Zvwi‡L cwi‡kva Kiv we‡aq|
13. wewbgq we‡j wej cÖ¯‘‡Zi ZvwiL D‡jøwLZ _vK‡e| ZvwiLwenxb wej MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq, KviY ZvwiL bv _vK‡j
†gqv‡`i c~Y©Zv wnmve Kiv hvq bv|
14. wewbgq we‡j cÖ‡qvRbxq †iwfwbD ÷¨v¤ú mshy³ _vK‡e|

wewbgq we‡ji cÿmg~n

wewbgq we‡j A‡bK¸‡jv cÿ _vK‡Z cv‡i| G m¤^‡Ü wb‡P Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv:
1. Av‡`óv t whwb wewbgq wej cÖ¯‘Z K‡ib Zv‡K Av‡`óv ejv nq| Av‡`óv wewbgq wej cÖ¯‘Z K‡i Zvi `¯ÍLZ
mnKv‡i we‡j DwjøwLZ †`bv`vi‡K wbw`©ó cwigvY A_© cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ wb‡`©k cÖ`vb K‡ib| wZwb wewbgq wej
cÖ¯‘Z K‡i UvKv cÖ`v‡bi Av‡`k †`b e‡j Zv‡K wewbgq we‡ji Av‡`kKZ©vI ejv nq| wZwb wewbgq we‡ji
cÖ_g cÿ| Av‡`óvi `¯ÍLZ e¨ZxZ wewbgq wej Kvh©Ki nq bv|
2. Avw`ó t wewbgq we‡ji Av‡`óv hv‡K A_© cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ wb‡`©k cÖ`vb K‡i Zv‡K Avw`ó ejv nq| Avw`ó
we‡ji wØZxq cÿ| Avw`ó cÖK…Zc‡ÿ Av‡`óvi GKRb †`bv`vi| Av‡`óvi wbKU n‡Z wej cvIqvi ci
Avw`ó †m we‡j ¯^vÿi K‡i Zvi ¯^xK…wZ Ávcb K‡ib| GKevi we‡j ¯^xK…wZ †`qvi ci h_vmg‡q †mB wej
Dc¯’vwcZ Kiv n‡j Avw`ó we‡ji UvKv cwi‡kva Ki‡Z AvBbZt eva¨ _v‡Kb|
3. ¯^xK…wZKvix t wewbgq we‡j D‡jøwLZ A_© cwi‡kva Ki‡Z m¤§Z n‡q †h e¨w³ we‡j ¯^vÿi K‡ib Zv‡K
¯^xK…wZKvix ejv nq| mvaviYZt we‡ji 2q cÿ A_©vr Avw`ó wb‡RB we‡j ¯^xK…wZ cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡Kb|
Aek¨ Avw`‡ói cÿ n‡q 3q †Kvb cÿI we‡j ¯^xK…wZ cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i| ¯^xK…wZKvix whwbB †nvb bv †Kb,
we‡ji UvKv cwi‡kv‡ai e¨vcv‡i ¯^xK…wZi cÖgvY¯^iƒc Zv‡K Aek¨B we‡j `¯ÍLZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
4. cÖvcK t hv‡K we‡ji UvKv cwi‡kva Kiv nq A_©vr whwb wej Dc¯’vcb K‡i we‡j D‡jøwLZ UvKv MÖnY K‡ib,
Zv‡K cÖvcK ejv nq| mvaviYZt we‡ji Av‡`óv wb‡RB cÖvcK nb| Z‡e Zvi wb‡`©‡k 3q †Kvb cÿI
we‡ji cÖvcK n‡Z cv‡ib|

BDwbU 6 c„ôv 115

GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

5. we‡ji aviK t †h e¨w³i wbKU wewbgq wej _v‡K Zv‡K we‡ji aviK ejv nq| Aek¨ †Kvb e¨w³‡K wbR
AwaKvi e‡j wewbgq we‡ji aviK n‡Z nq| we‡ji aviK G‡Z D‡jøwLZ A_© Av`vq Ki‡Z cv‡i| hw`I
Av‡`óv wewbgq we‡ji cÖ_g I cÖK…Z aviK, wZwb B”Qv Ki‡j Ab¨ KviI wbKU wejwU n¯ÍvšÍi Ki‡Z
cv‡ib| Av‡`óv hw` wej Ab¨ KviI wbKU n¯ÍvšÍi K‡ib Z‡e †h e¨w³i wbKU n¯ÍvšÍi Kiv nq, †m e¨w³
we‡ji aviK wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ nq|
6. h_vwewnZ aviK t we‡ji h_vwewnZ aviK ej‡Z †m e¨w³‡K eySvq whwb wewbgq we‡j c~ee© Z©x aviK‡`i
gvwjKvbvq ÎæwU _vKv ¯^‡Ë¡I †m m¤ú‡K© m¤ú~Y© AÁ †_‡K mij wek¦v‡m wewbgq we‡ji AwaKvi jvf K‡ib|
h_vwewnZ aviK KZ©„K we‡ji UvKv msM„nxZ nIqvi ci hw` we‡ji c~ee© Z©x gvwjKvbvi ÎæwU aiv c‡o, Z‡e
h_vwewnZ aviK‡K `vqx Kiv hv‡e bv|
7. ¯^Z¡všÍiKvix t wewbgq we‡ji aviK we‡ji wcQ‡b `¯ÍLZ K‡i wejwU Ab¨ KviI wbKU n¯ÍvšÍi Ki‡j Zv‡K
¯^Z¡všÍiKvix ev Aby‡gv`bKvix ejv nq| we‡j RvqMv bv _vK‡j we‡ji mv‡_ mshy³ GKwU KvM‡RI `¯ÍLZ
Kiv hvq| Av‡`óv wb‡R A_ev we‡ji Rb¨ †h †Kvb aviK we‡ji ¯^Zv¡ šÍiKvix n‡Z cv‡i|
8. ¯^Z¡všÍiMÖnxZv t ¯^Z¡všÍiKvix KZ©„K we‡ji wc‡V `¯ÍLZ †`qvi ci wejwU hvi wbKU n¯ÍvšÍi Kiv nq Zv‡K
¯^Z¡všÍiMÖnxZv e‡j| †mvRv K_vq, ¯^Zv¡ šÍwiZ nIqvi ci whwb we‡ji aviK ev gvwjK nb, wZwbB we‡ji
¯^Z¡všÍiMÖnxZv|
9. cÖ‡qvRb‡ev‡a †idvix t †idvix ev¯Íe c‡ÿ wewbgq we‡ji †Kvb cÿ bq, Z‡e wej Am¤§vwbZ ev cÖZ¨vL¨vZ
n‡j we‡ji aviK wejwU †idvixi wbKU Dc¯’vcb K‡ib| wKš‘ Am¤§vwbZ wej hLb †idvixi wbKU
Dc¯’vcb Kiv nq, ZLb wZwb wewbgq we‡ji GKwU cÿ wn‡m‡e KvR K‡ib| †Kvb wewbgq wej cÖZ¨vL¨vZ
nIqvi ci Av‡`óv ev we‡ji Ab¨ †Kvb aviK Avw`‡ói mvwjm wnmv‡e wewbgq we‡j †h e¨w³i bvg D‡jøL
K‡ib Zv‡K ÔcÖ‡qvRb‡ev‡a †idvixÕ e‡j| cÖ‡qvRb‡ev‡a †idvixi ZLbB `iKvi nq hLb †Kvb wewbgq
wej Avw`ó ev ¯^xK…wZKvix KZ©„K cÖZ¨vL¨vZ nq| wej cÖZ¨vL¨vZ bv n‡j Giƒc †idvixi †Kvb cÖ‡qvRb nq
bv|

wewbgq we‡ji †kÖwYwefvM

`ywU `„wó‡KvY n‡Z wewbgq we‡ji †kÖwYwefvM Kiv hvq| cÖ_gZt †fŠ‡MvwjK Ae¯’v‡bi wfwˇZ Ges wØZxqZ
cwi‡kv‡ai mg‡qi wfwˇZ|
†fŠ‡MvwjK Ae¯’v‡bi wfwˇZ we‡ji †kÖwYwefvMt wewbgq wej †fŠ‡MvwjK Ae¯’vb Abymv‡i `yB fv‡M wef³: (1)
Af¨šÍixY wewbgq wej I (2) ˆe‡`wkK wewbgq wej|

Af¨šÍixY wewbgq wej

†h wej GKB †`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i cÖ¯‘Z Kiv nq Ges cwi‡kvaI Kiv nq, Zv‡K †`kx wej ev Af¨šÍixY wej ejv nq|
†h †`‡k wej ˆZwi Kiv nq †m †`‡ki †Kvb bvMwiK ev Awaevmx we‡ji Avw`ó n‡j ZvI Af¨šÍixY wej bv‡g
cwiwPZ| D`vniY¯^iƒc, evsjv‡`‡ki wfZ‡i †h wej ˆZwi Kiv nq Zv GB †`‡ki g‡a¨ cwi‡kva¨ n‡j Zv‡K
Af¨šÍixY wej ejv n‡e| †hgbt XvKvi kv‡n` Lyjbvi iwK‡ei Dci wej cÖ¯Z ‘ K‡i| iwKe GUv‡K ¯^xK…wZ w`j|
wejwU evsjv‡`‡ki †h †Kvb GK RvqMvq cwi‡kva¨| GwU GKwU Af¨šÍixY wej| Af¨šÍixY wej Af¨šÍixY evwY‡R¨
e¨envi Kiv nq| `ª‡e¨i we‡µZv GKwU wej ˆZwi K‡i Zv †µZvi wbKU cvwV‡q †`q| †µZv Zv‡Z m¤§wZ w`‡q
we‡µZvi wbKU †diZ cvVvq| Af¨šÍixY wej mvaviYZt GK Kwc K‡i cÖ¯Z ‘ Kiv nq| Af¨šÍixY wewbgq wej
wKfv‡e Kvh©Ki nq Zv GKwU D`vni‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ wb‡¤œ e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡jv: mRj GKRb LyPiv e¨emvqx Ges eRj
GKRb cvBKvix e¨emvqx| mRj eR‡ji wbKU n‡Z 10,000 (`k nvRvi) UvKvi gvj µq Kij| `yB R‡bi g‡a¨
GBiƒc GKwU Pzw³ n‡jv †h, gvj †Wwjfvix †`qvi ZvwiL n‡Z GK gvm c‡i mRj `vg cwi‡kva Ki‡e Ges
GZ`y‡Ï‡k¨ GKwU wewbgq wej cÖYqb Kiv n‡e| Pzw³ †gvZv‡eK gvj †Wwjfvixi mgq eRj wewµZ gv‡ji GKwU

BDwbU 6 c„ôv 116

 wdb¨vÝ, e¨vswKs I wegv wØZxq cÎ

Pvjvb I mR‡ji Dci AvbxZ GKwU wej mR‡ji wbKU cvVvj| mRj G we‡ji Dci ¯^xK…wZ w`‡q Zv eR‡ji wbKU
†diZ cvVv‡e|

ˆe‡`wkK wewbgq wej

†h wej we‡`‡ki †Kvb Awaevmxi AbyK‚‡j cÖ¯Z
‘ Kiv nq Ges †mB †`‡kB ¯^xK…Z I cwi‡kva¨ nq, Zv‡K ˆe‡`wkK
wej e‡j| A_©vr GK †`‡ki bvMwiK KZ©„K cÖ¯Z‘ wewbgq wej Ab¨ ‡`‡ki bvMwiK KZ©„K ¯^xK…Z I cwi‡kva¨ n‡j Zv
ˆe‡`wkK wej bv‡g cwiwPZ| D`vniYt PÆMÖv‡gi iwk` fvi‡Zi weg‡ji bv‡g wej Kij Ges Zv fvi‡Z cwi‡kva¨|
A_ev, Kzwgjøvi Kvgvj KjKvZvi mwj‡ji Dci wej cÖ¯‘Z K‡i cvVvj Ges †mLv‡b Zv ¯^xK…Z I cwi‡kva¨|
DfqwUB ˆe‡`wkK wej|

ˆe‡`wkK wewbgq we‡ji †ÿ‡Î Av‡`óv I Avw`ó `yBRb `yBwU wfbœ †`‡ki evwm›`v| Avg`vwb-ißvwb evwY‡R¨ Giƒc
we‡ji cÖPjb me©vwaK| ißvwbKviK cY¨ weµq msµvšÍ Pzw³i ci Pvjv‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ wej cÖ¯Z ‘ K‡i
Avg`vbxKvi‡Ki wbKU ¯^xK…wZi Rb¨ †cÖiY K‡i| Avg`vbxKviK we‡j ¯^xK…wZ †`qvi ci Zv ißvbxKvi‡Ki wbKU
†diZ cvVvq| we‡ji c~Y©Zv cÖvwßi ci A_©vr UvKv cwi‡kv‡ai mgq n‡q Avm‡j ißvwbKviK mswkøó wewbgq wej
Avg`vwbKvi‡Ki wbKU cwi‡kv‡ai Rb¨ Dc¯’vcb K‡i| mvaviYZt e¨vs‡Ki gva¨‡g wej Dc¯’vcb I †jb‡`b
m¤úvw`Z nq|

ˆe‡`wkK wewbgq we‡ji wZb Kwc cÖ¯‘Z Kiv nq| GB wZbwUi cÖ‡Z¨KwU wfbœ wfbœ c‡_ Avg`vwbKvi‡Ki wbKU
cvVv‡bv nq hv‡Z Kgc‡ÿ GK Kwc cÖvc‡Ki wbKU †cuŠ‡Q| GK Kwc †cuŠQ‡j Ab¨ `yB Kwc ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB evwZj
e‡j MY¨ nq| ˆe‡`wkK-wewbgq we‡ji †ÿ‡Î wej cÖ¯Z ‘ Kvi‡Ki `vq-`vwqZ¡ Zvi wbR †`‡ki AvBb Øviv wbqwš¿Z nq
Ges Abyiƒcfv‡e ¯^xK…wZKvixi `vwqZ¡I Zvi wbR †`‡ki AvBb Øviv wbqwš¿Z nq| wej cÖZ¨vL¨vZ n‡j, †h ¯’v‡b
cwi‡kva Kivi K_v †m ¯’v‡bi AvB‡bi gva¨‡g cÖZ¨vL¨vb welqK wm×všÍ †bqv nq|

wkÿv_©xi KvR wewbgq we‡ji cÿmg~‡ni eY©bv LvZvq wjLyb|

mvims‡ÿc:
`ª‡e¨i we‡µZv KZ©„K †µZv‡K `ª‡e¨i g~j¨ eve` wbw`©ó cwigvY UvKv †Kvb wbw`©ó Zvwi‡L cwi‡kva Kivi kZ©nxb
Av‡`k‡K wewbgq wej ejv nq| †fŠ‡MvwjK Ae¯’v‡bi wfwˇZ we‡ji †kÖwYwefvMt wewbgq wej †fŠ‡MvwjK
Ae¯’vb Abymv‡i `yB fv‡M wef³: (1) Af¨šÍixY wewbgq wej I (2) ˆe‡`wkK wewbgq wej|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-6.2

√) wPý w`b|
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK (√
1. wewbgq wej m¤ú‡K© n¯ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨ `wjj AvB‡bi †Kvb avivq ejv n‡q‡QÑ
K. aviv-3 L. aviv-4
M. aviv-5 N. aviv-6

BDwbU 6 c„ôv 117

GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

2. wewbgq we‡ji cÿ KqwU?

K. 2wU L. 3wU
M. 4wU N. 5wU
3. wewbgq wej Bmy¨ K‡i †K?
K. e¨vsK L. miKvi
M. e¨emvqx N. A_©mwPe
4. wewbgq wej I cÖZ¨qcÎÑ
i. kZ©nxb nq
ii. ÷¨v¤úhy³ _v‡K
iii. Df‡qB wZbwU cÿ _v‡K|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K. i I ii L. i, ii I iii
M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii
N. i, ii I iii
5. ÷¨v¤úhy³ n¯Ívi‡hvM¨ `wjj n‡jv-
i. ‡PK
ii. wewbgq wej
iii. ‡c-AW©vi
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K. i I ii L. i, ii I iii
M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii

BDwbU 6 c„ôv 118

 wdb¨vÝ, e¨vswKs I wegv wØZxq cÎ

cvV-6.3 cÖwZkÖæwZcÎ

D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-

cÖwZkÖæwZcÎ m¤úwK©Z aviYv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

cÖwZkÖæwZc‡Îi ˆewkó¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

cÖwZkÖæwZc‡Îi cÖKvi‡f` eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

cÖwZkÖæwZcÎ
†h `wj‡ji gva¨‡g †Kvb e¨w³ kZ©nxbfv‡e cÖwZÁv K‡i †h, wbw`©ó cwigvY UvKv †Kvb we‡kl Zvwi‡L
D³ `wj‡ji evnK A_ev Ab¨ †Kvb Avw`ó e¨w³‡K †`qv n‡e, †m `wjj‡K cÖwZÁvcÎ ev cÖwZkÖæwZcÎ
e‡j| cÖwZkÖæwZc‡Î UvKv †`qvi Rb¨ †Kvb kZ© _v‡K bv| GwU GKwU cÖwZÁv ev cÖwZkÖæwZ gvÎ| GwU A½xKvicÎ
bv‡gI cwiwPZ|
1881 mv‡ji n¯ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨ `wjj AvBb Abyhvqx cÖwZkÖæwZcÎ (Promissory Note) n‡jv Ggb GKwU `wjj (hv
e¨vsK †bvU ev Kv‡iwÝ †bvU bq), hv‡Z †Kv‡bv e¨w³ ¯^vÿi K‡i wbtkZ© c«wZk«ywZ c«`vb K‡i †h, †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó
e¨w³‡K ev Zvi Av‡`kg‡Zv ev evnK‡K GKwU wbw`©ó A‡¼i A_© PvIqvgvÎ cwi‡kva Ki‡eb|
1881 mv‡ji n¯ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨ `wjj AvB‡b cÖwZkÖæwZc‡Îi msÁv wb¤œiƒc:
Ò cÖwZkÖæwZcÎ Ggb GKwU wjwLZ `wjj (e¨vsK †bvU ev Kv‡iÝx †bvU bq) hvi g‡a¨ `wjj`vZvi ¯^vÿimn †Kvb
we‡kl e¨w³‡K A_ev Avw`ó e¨w³‡K/ `wj‡ji evnK‡K wbw`©ó cwigvY A_© cÖ`vb Kivi Rb¨ kZ©nxb cÖwZÁv _v‡K|Ó
1882 mv‡j Bsj¨v‡Ð cÖYxZ wewbgq wej AvBb cÖwZkÖæwZc‡Îi wb‡¤œv³ msÁv cÖ`vb K‡i‡Q: Ò cÖwZkÖæwZcÎ GKwU
wjwLZ `wjj hv‡Z cÖ¯‘ZKvixi ¯^vÿi _v‡K Ges hv †Kvb e¨w³ KZ©„K Ab¨ †Kvb e¨w³‡K A_ev evnK‡K wKsev Zvvi
Av‡`‡k Ab¨ KvD‡K PvIqvgvÎ †Kvb wbw`©ó ev wba©viY‡hvM¨ Zvwi‡L wbw`©ó cwigvY A_© kZ©nxbfv‡e cwi‡kva Kivi
cÖwZÁvgvÎ|Ó cÖwZkÖæwZc‡Îi me©RbMÖvn¨ msÁvwU wb‡P †`Iqv n‡jv:
“A Promissory Note is an unconditional promise in writing made by one person to another, signed by the
maker, engaging to pay on demand or, at a fixed or determinable future time, a certain sum of money to,
or to the specified person or the bearer,” (Indian Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881)

cÖwZÁvc‡Îi bgybv
Kzwgjøv
21 †deªæqvwi, 2018

Avwg AvR n‡Z wZbgvm c‡i †gvt Rvwn`‡K A_ev Zvi Avw`ó e¨w³‡K `yB jÿ UvKv †`Iqvi cÖwZkÖæwZ hvw”Q|

cÖwZkÖæwZcÎ KvD‡K kZ©nxbfv‡e UvKv †`qvi A½xKvi weavq G‡K A½xKvicÎ wnmv‡eI AwfwnZ Kiv n‡q _v‡K|
cwi‡k‡l Avgiv ej‡Z cwi †h, †Kvb GKwU wjwLZ `wjj‡K ZLbB cÖwZkÖæwZcÎ wnmv‡e AvL¨vwqZ Kiv hv‡e hLb
G‡Z (K) `wjj †jL‡Ki ¯^vÿi _vK‡e, (L) wbw`©ó cwigvY UvKv cÖ`vb Kivi A½xKvi _vK‡e, (M) wbw`©ó ev
wba©viY‡hvM¨ †Kvb Zvwi‡L UvKv cÖ‡`q n‡e, (N) †Kvb wbw`©ó e¨w³‡K ev Zvvi Av‡`‡k Ab¨ †Kvb e¨w³‡K A_ev
evnK‡K UvKv cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e Ges (O) UvKv cÖ`vb Kivi cÖwZÁv kZ©nxb n‡e|
BDwbU 6 c„ôv 119
GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

cÖwZkÖæwZc‡Îi ˆewkó¨vewj
1. wjwLZ t cÖwZkÖæwZcÎ Aek¨B wjwLZ n‡e| cÖwZkÖæwZcÎ †gŠwLK n‡Z cv‡i bv, KviY †gŠwLK cÖwZÁvi †Kvb
AvBbMZ g~j¨ bvB|
2. `yBwU cÿ t G‡Z Aek¨B Kgc‡ÿ `yBwU cÿ _vK‡e|
3. kZ©nxb: GwU kZ©nxb| UvKv †`qvi cÖwZÁv hw` kZ©hy³ nq Z‡e Zv cÖwZkÖæwZcÎ nq bv| †Kvb NUbvi Dci hw`
UvKv †`qvi cÖwZÁv wbf©ikxj nq Ges †mB NUbv hw` Ggb nq hv Aek¨B NU‡e Zv n‡j GwU kZ©wenxb
cÖwZÁviƒ‡c MY¨ n‡e| †hgb, ÒAvgvi wcZvi g„Zz¨i ci Avwg UvKv †`e,Ó GwU kZ©nxb cÖwZÁv| KviY wcZvi
g„Zz¨ GKw`b bv GKw`b Aek¨B n‡e|
4. wbw`©ó cwigvY UvKv t cÖwZÁv GKwU wbw`©ó cwigvY UvKv †`qvi Rb¨ n‡Z n‡e| UvKvi cwigvY cwi®‹vifv‡e
D‡jøL _vKv evÃbxq|
5. ¯^vÿi t cÖwZkÖæwZ`vZv‡K mB Ki‡Z n‡e| †h e¨w³ cÖwZkÖæwZ †`q Zv‡K cÖwZkÖæwZ`vZv Ges hv‡K cÖwZkÖæwZ
†`qv nq Zv‡K cÖvcK e‡j|
6. cÖvc‡Ki bvg t hvi Rb¨ cÖwZÁv Kiv nq Zv‡K GKRb wbw`©ó e¨w³ n‡Z n‡e| †hgb- ÒAvwg †PŠayix cwiev‡ii
GKRb‡K GKkZ UvKv †`e,Ó G K_v wjL‡j cÖwZkÖæwZcÎ n‡e bv| †PŠayix cwiev‡ii GKR‡bi bvg A_©vr
cÖvc‡Ki bvg mywbw`©ófv‡e D‡jøL Ki‡Z n‡e|
7. wewnZ gy`ªv t †`‡ki wewnZ gy`ªvi gva¨‡g †`bv cwi‡kva Ki‡Z n‡e|
8. wbw`©ó ZvwiL t G‡Z PvwnevgvÎ ev wbw`©ó Zvwi‡L UvKv cwi‡kva Kivi A½xKvi _vK‡e|
9. AvBbm½Z gy`ªv t G‡Z cÖwZkÖæZ A_© Aek¨B †`‡ki cÖPwjZ gy`vª q cwi‡kva Ki‡Z n‡e|
10. cÖwZÁv: GwU wKQz cwigvY UvKv †`qvi cÖwZÁv gvÎÑ F‡Yi ¯^xKvi cÎ bq| mÂq cÎ, cÖvBReÐ BZ¨vw`
cÖwZkÖæwZ c‡Îi AvIZvq c‡o|

cÖwZkÖæwZc‡Îi cÖKvi‡f`
cÖwZkÖæwZc·K mvaviYZ: `yB fv‡M fvM Kiv nq:
1. Af¨šÍixY cÖwZkÖæwZcÎ t †h mg¯Í cÖwZkÖæwZcÎ †`‡ki †fZi cÖ¯Z ‘ Kiv nq Ges †`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡iB cwi‡kva¨,
Zv‡KB Af¨šÍixY cÖwZkÖæwZcÎ ejv nq| GwU Inland Bill bv‡g cwiwPZ| e¨vsK-Gi gva¨‡g FY cÖ`vb Kiv n‡j
GwU‡K Inland Bill Purchase ev IBP e‡j|
2. we‡`kx cÖwZkÖæwZcÎ t we‡`‡k cwi‡kva Kivi A½xKvi Ki‡j Zv we‡`kx cÖwZkÖæwZcÎ bv‡g cwiwPZ|

cÖwZkÖæwZc‡Îi wewfbœ cÿ
1. cÖ¯‘ZKviK t †h †jvK UvKv †`qvi cÖwZÁv K‡i Zv‡K cÖ¯Z ‘ KviK e‡j|
2. cÖvcK t hv‡K UvKv †`qvi cÖwZkÖæwZ †`qv nq Zv‡K cÖvcK e‡j|
3. aviK t cÖvcK, A_ev cÖvcK hvi wbKU n¯ÍvšÍi K‡i‡Q †m e¨w³‡K aviK e‡j|
4. ¯^Z¡všÍiKvix t aviK cÖwZkÖæwZcÎ KviI wbKU ¯^Zv¡ šÍi Ki‡j Zv‡K ¯^Zv¡ šÍiKvix e‡j|
5. ¯^ZM¡ ÖnxZv t hvi wbKU ¯^Z¡všÍi Kiv nq Zv‡K ¯^ZM¡ nÖ xZv e‡j|

hy³ cÖwZÁvcÎ (Joint Promissory Note)

`yB ev Z‡ZvwaK e¨w³ cÖwZkÖæwZcÎ cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i| Giƒc cÖwZkÖæwZ c‡Î Zviv hy³fv‡e A_ev hy³ I c„_Kfv‡e
`vqx _vK‡Z cv‡i| cÖwZkÖæwZc‡Î hw` †jLv nq ÒAvwg AgyK‡K AZ UvKv †`qvi Rb¨ cÖwZkÖæwZ w`w”QÓ Ges G‡Z
hw` `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK e¨w³i ¯^vÿi _v‡K, Z‡e Zviv mevB hy³ I c„_Kfv‡e A½xKvi iÿv Kivi Rb¨ `vqx _vK‡e|

BDwbU 6 c„ôv 120

 wdb¨vÝ, e¨vswKs I wegv wØZxq cÎ

cwi‡kv‡ai Rb¨ cÖwZkÖæwZc‡Îi Dc¯’vc‡bi wbqgvejx

PvIqvgvÎ †`q cÖwZkÖæwZcÎ ¯^Z¡všÍwiZ n‡j ¯^Zv¡ šÍiKi‡Yi ci hyw³m½Z mg‡qi g‡a¨ cwi‡kv‡ai Rb¨ GwU
Dc¯’vcb Kiv evÃbxq| GwU Ki‡Z n‡j ¯^Zv¡ šÍiKvixi †Kvb cÖKvi `vwqZ¡ _vK‡e bv| Ôhyw³m½Z mgqÕ wba©viY Kivi
mgq cÖwZkÖæwZc‡Îi cÖK…wZ, e¨emv‡qi cÖPwjZ cÖ_v Ges Ab¨vb¨ Avbylw½K welqvw` we‡ePbv Kiv nq| cÖwZkÖæwZc‡Î
hw` cÖwZkÖæZ UvKv cwi‡kva Kivi Rb¨ ¯’vb wb‡`©k K‡i †`qv nq, Z‡e wVK †m ¯’v‡bB GwU Bc¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e|
cÖwZkÖæwZc‡Îi fvlv Giƒc n‡jÑ ÒPvwnevgvÎ myRb‡K ev Avw`ó e¨w³‡K AMÖYx e¨vs‡Ki XvKv¯’ gwZwSj kvLvq GK
nvRvi UvKv cÖ`vb Kivi A½xKvi KiwQÓ, Z‡e UvKv cwi‡kv‡ai Rb¨ cÖwZkÖæwZc‡Îi evnK‡K AMÖYx e¨vs‡Ki
gwZwSj kvLvq Zv Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e| Ab¨Î nvwRi Ki‡j cÖwZkÖæwZc‡Îi cÖ¯Z ‘ Kvixi †Kvb `vwqZ¡ _vK‡e bv|
cÎ cÖ¯‘ZKvixi e¨vs‡K Zv cÖ‡`q n‡j e¨vs‡K nvwRi Kivi ci e¨vsK UvKv cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i| UvKv †`qvi mv‡_
mv‡_ cÖwZkÖæwZc‡Îi ¯^vÿiKvixi wnmv‡e mgcwigvY UvKv †WweU K‡i w`‡e| wKš‘ cÖwZkÖæwZc‡Î AwbqwgZ
¯^Z¡všÍiKiY _vK‡j UvKv cwi‡kv‡ai Rb¨ e¨vsK `vqx _vK‡e|
†PK I cÖwZkÖæwZc‡Îi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨
†PK cÖwZkÖæwZcÎ
1. †PK UvKv †`qvi Rb¨ e¨vs‡Ki Dci GKwU Av‡`k| 1. cÖwZkÖæwZcÎ UvKv †`qvi Rb¨ cÖ¯Z ‘ Kvixi GKwU
2. av‡i †jb‡`‡bi Rb¨ Gi e¨envi nq| cÖwZkÖæwZ ev cÖwZÁv|
3. †P‡K wZbwU cÿ RwoZ: †PK`vZv, e¨vsK I cÖvcK| 2. F‡Yi †jb‡`‡bi Rb¨ GwU e¨envi Kiv nq|
4. †PK`vZv KZ©„K Zvi e¨vs‡Ki Dci †PK KvUv nq| 3. G‡Z `ywU cÿ RwoZ: cÎ cÖ¯Z ‘ Kvix I cÖvcK|
5. †P‡Ki UvKv PvIqvgvÎ e¨vsK‡K cwi‡kva Ki‡Z 4. cÖwZkÖæwZcÎ ˆZwi K‡i cÖ¯Z ‘ KviK GwU‡K
nq| cvIbv`v‡ii wbKU cvwV‡q †`q|
6. cwi‡kv‡ai Rb¨ †PK e¨vs‡K nvwRi Ki‡Z nq| 5. cÖ¯Z‘ Kvix PvwnevgvÎ UvKv bv-I w`‡Z cv‡i hw` †m
7. †PK cÖZ¨vL¨vb Kiv n‡j †PK`vZv `vqx nq| Giƒc cÖwZÁv bv K‡i|
8. †P‡K ÷¨v¤ú wWDwUi `iKvi nq bv| 6. wbw`©ó RvqMvq cwi‡kva Kivi K_v bv _vK‡j GwU
cwi‡kv‡ai Rb¨ nvwRi Ki‡Z nq bv|
7. cÖ¯Z‘ Kvix mewKQzi Rb¨ `vqx _v‡K|
8. cÖwZkÖæwZc‡Î g~j¨wfwËK ÷¨v¤ú wWDwU cÖ‡qvRb|

†PK Ges cÖwZkÖæwZc‡Îi cv_©K¨ LvZvq wjLyb| Gi gva¨‡g Avcbvi Ávb

wkÿv_©xi KvR
SvjvB Kiæb|

mvims‡ÿc:
cÖwZkÖæwZcÎ Ggb GKwU wjwLZ `wjj hvi g‡a¨ `wjj`vZvi ¯^vÿimn †Kvb we‡kl e¨w³‡K A_ev Avw`ó
e¨w³‡K/ `wj‡ji evnK‡K wbw`©ó cwigvY A_© cÖ`vb Kivi Rb¨ kZ©nxb cÖwZÁv _v‡K| PvIqvgvÎ †`q
cÖwZkÖæwZcÎ ¯^Z¡všÍwiZ n‡j ¯^Z¡všÍiKi‡Yi ci hyw³m½Z mg‡qi g‡a¨ cwi‡kv‡ai Rb¨ GwU Dc¯’vcb Kiv
evÃbxq|

BDwbU 6 c„ôv 121

GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-6.3

mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK (√ √) wPý w`b|

1. cÖwgmwi †bvU m¤ú‡K© n¯ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨ `wjj AvB‡bi †Kvb avivq weeiY n‡”Q?
K. aviv-3 L. aviv-4
M. aviv-5 N. aviv-7
2. cÖwgmwi †bv‡U †KvbwUi cÖ‡qvRb †bB?
K. MÖvn‡Ki L. cÖ¯Z ‘ Kvix
M. e¨vsK wnmv‡ei N. ¯^vÿ‡ii
3. cÖwgmwi †bv‡Ui cÿ KqwU?
K. 2wU L. 3wU
M. 4wU N. 5wU
4. cÖwgmwi †bv‡U cÖ‡qvRb †bB †KvbwUi?
K. ¯^vÿ‡ii L. Zvwi‡Li
M. Aby‡gv`‡bi N. cÖ¯Z ‘ Kvixi
5. cÖwgmwi †bv‡U `iKvi nqÑ
i. ¯^vÿ‡ii
ii. Aby‡gv`‡bi
iii. Zvwi‡Li
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K. i I ii L. i, ii I iii
M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii

P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb
mswÿß cÖkœvejx
1. ‡P‡Ki msÁv w`b Ges wewfbœ ai‡bi †P‡Ki weeiY w`b|
2. ‡P‡K †iLvsK‡bi myweav wK wK? †iLvswKZ I †eqvivi †P‡Ki cv_©K¨ wjLyb|
3. cÖwZÁvc‡Îi msÁv w`b| Gi ˆewk󨸇jv eY©bv Kiæb|
4. cÖwZÁvc‡Îi msÁv w`b| GwU KZ cÖKvi I wK wK? cÖwZÁvc‡Îi wewfbœ c‡ÿi eY©bv w`b|

iPbvg~jK cÖkœvewj
1. †P‡Ki msÁv w`b|
2. GKwU ˆea †P‡Ki kZ©mg~n eY©bv Kiæb|
3. †PK e¨env‡ii d‡j Avcwb wK myweav cv‡eb?
4. †P‡Ki cÿ¸‡jv Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
5. Avcwb wKfv‡e GKwU †PK cÖ¯ÍzZ Ki‡eb?
6. †PK KZ cÖKvi I wK wK?
7. evnK †PK Kv‡K e‡j? evnK †P‡Ki ˆewk󨸇jv wK wK?
8. evnK †P‡Ki myweav I Amyweav Av‡jvPbv Kiæb?

BDwbU 6 c„ôv 122

 wdb¨vÝ, e¨vswKs I wegv wØZxq cÎ

9. ûKzg †PK Kv‡K e‡j? ûKzg †P‡Ki ˆewk󨸇jv wK wK?

10. ûKzg †P‡Ki myweav I Amyweav¸‡jv eY©bv Kiæb|
11. evnK †PKI ûKzg †P‡Ki g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Kiæb|
12. `vMKvUv †PK KZ cÖKvi I wK wK?
13. `vMKvUv †PK I `vMwenxb †P‡Ki g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Kiæb|
14. †P‡K wewfbœ `vMKvUvi Zvrch© eY©bv Kiæb|
15. mvaviY `vMKvUvI we‡kl `vMKvUv †P‡Ki g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wbY©q Kiæb|
16. we‡kl ai‡bi †PK¸‡jv eY©bv Kiæb|
17. †P‡Ki cÖZviYv I RvwjqvwZ ej‡Z wK ‡ev‡Sb?
18. †P‡Ki cÖZviYv I RvwjqvwZi weiæ‡× e¨vsK wK ai‡bi e¨e¯’v wb‡q _v‡K|
19. †P‡Ki Agh©v`v ej‡Z wK †ev‡Sb?
20. wK wK Kvi‡Y e¨vsK †P‡Ki Agh©v`v ev cÖZ¨vL¨vb Ki‡Z cv‡ib?
21. wewfbœ cÖKvi †P‡Ki n¯ÍvšÍi c×wZ eY©bv Kiæb|

m„Rbkxj cÖkœvewj
1. cÖkv‡šÍi wbKU A‡bK cvIbv i‡q‡Q| †m mevB‡K cvIbv A_© cÖ`v‡b Mwogwm K‡i| ivRxe Zvi GKRb
cvIbv`vi| ivRx‡ei eÜz wngy ejj, Zzwg UvKv PvB‡j hLb cÖkvšÍ mq PvB‡e ZLb Zzwg †mB ZvwiL Abyhvqx
GKwU‡PK wjwL‡q wbI| ivRxe civgk© g‡Z, wZb gvm c‡ii Zvwi‡Li GKUv †PK cÖkvšÍ‡K w`‡q wjwL‡q wbj|
†PK ˆZwi‡Z †Kvb mgm¨v wQj bv| wZb gvm ci ivRxe e¨vs‡K †PK DÌvcb Ki‡j e¨vsK Zv Agh©v`v K‡i|
ivRxe gvgjv Ki‡j wePviK Ab¨ †Kv‡bv mvÿ¨ cÖgvY QvovB cÖkvšÍ‡K D³ A_© cwi‡kv‡ai wb‡`©k †`q|
K. µq-ÿgZvi mgZv Z‡Ë¡i D™¢veK †K?
L. ¯^Y©gvb c×wZ ej‡Z wK †evSvq?
M. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z ivRxe †h †PKwU †c‡qwQj Zv †Kvb ai‡bi †PK? e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
N. Av`vjZ KZ©„K cÖkvšÍ‡K A_© cwi‡kv‡ai wb‡`©k cÖ`vb Kx hyw³hy³? Avcbvi e³e¨ Dc¯’vcb Kiæb|

2. Rbve Bgivb †MŠib`x _vbvi ¯^Y©vjx e¨vs‡Ki g¨v‡bRvi| m¤úªwZ †MŠib`x‡Z AbywôZ e¨vswKs wel‡q GKwU
IqvK©k‡c bvbvb ai‡bi †P‡Ki K_v D‡jøL K‡ib| wZwb e‡jb, †K A_ev evnK‡K kãØq Øviv GK cÖKvi †PK
†evSvq| Z‡e AviI A‡bK kã Av‡Q †h¸‡jv Øviv wfbœ wfbœ †PK †evSvq| wZwb e‡jb wbivcËvi w`K
we‡ePbvqI GK cÖKvi †PK Av‡Q hv me©vwaK wbivc` Ges MÖvnKiv GwU cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx e¨envi K‡ib|
K. evRv‡i cY¨ µ‡qi Rb¨ †Kvb ai‡bi †PK e¨envi Kiv nq?
L. †P‡Ki Agh©v`v ej‡K Kx †evSvq?
M. DÏxc‡Ki †K A_ev evnK‡K kØØq †Kvb †P‡K D‡jøL _v‡K? eY©bv Kiæb|
N. me©vwaK wbivc` †PK ej‡Z Rbve Bgivb †Kvb †PK‡K eywS‡q‡Qb? we‡kølY Kiæb|

3. mvfv‡ii ingvb †Kv¤úvbxi wnmveiÿK cÖwZôv‡bi hveZxq Avw_©K †jb‡`b e¨vs‡Ki gva¨‡g m¤úbœ K‡ib Ges
AwaKvsk mgq †PK e¨envi K‡ib| Z‡e wZwb †P‡Ki gva¨‡g †jb‡`b m¤úbœ Kivi Rb¨ `vMKvUv †PK e¨envi
K‡ib| Z‡e wZwb †P‡Ki gva¨‡g †jb‡`b m¤úbœ Kivi Rb¨ `vMKvUv †PK e¨envi K‡ib| wZwb mvaviY `vMKvUv
†PK e¨envi K‡ib| wZwb mvaviY `vMKvUv †PK e¨envi K‡ib Ges G‡ÿ‡Î wZwb KLbI mgvšÍivj †iLv, GÛ
†Kvs, n¯ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨ bq, wnmv‡e cÖ‡`q, cÖvc‡Ki wnmve, wbw`©ó UvKvi Kg cÖf…wZ kã e¨envi K‡ib| ingvb

BDwbU 6 c„ôv 123

GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

†Kv¤úvwbi wnmveiÿK e‡jb, †P‡K `vMKvUv AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y|© KviY `vMKvUv †PK cvi¯úwiK wek¦vm e„w× K‡i
†jb‡`b m¤úªmvi‡Y mnvqZv K‡i|
K. wbqš¿Yg~jK `vM KvUv †PK Kx?
L. `vMKvUv †PK †_‡K `vMQvov †PK Avjv`v †Kb?
M. ingvb †Kv¤úvwbi wnmveiÿK †Kvb ai‡bi `vMKvUv †P‡Ki K_v D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb Zv bygbv AvKv‡i †`Lvb|
N. ingvb †Kv¤úvwbi wnmveiÿi‡Ki †P‡K wewfbœ iKg `vMKvUvi Zvrch© g~j¨vqb Kiæb|

4. wgm Uz¤úv nK GKRb ÿz`ª D‡`¨v³v| wZwb Zvi e¨emv‡qi ˆ`bw›`b †jb‡`b¸‡jv bM` I †P‡Ki gva¨‡g K‡i
_v‡Kb| Z‡e wZwb wbivcËv I wnmve ivLvi myweavi K_v †f‡e †P‡Ki gva¨‡g †jb‡`b Ki‡Z †ewk cQ›`
K‡ib| GKw`b wZwb GK †µZvi wbKU †_‡K cÖvß †PK Zvi e¨vsK wnmv‡e Rgv †`b| wKQzw`b ci Zvi e¨vsK
Zv‡K AeMZ K‡i †h RgvK…Z †P‡Ki UvKv Av`vq Kivi m¤¢e nqwb KviY H †P‡Ki Av‡`óvi wnmv‡e ch©vß UvKv
Rgv †bB| wgm Uz¤úv †P‡Ki welqwU Zvi †µZv‡K Rvwb‡q †`b|
K. c~e© Zvwi‡Li †PK Kx?
L. evnK †P‡Ki ˆewkó¨ D‡jøL K‡i|
M. wgm Uz¤úv nK †PK e¨env‡i †ewk ¯^v”Q›`¨‡eva K‡ib †Kb? eY©bv Kiæb|
N. wgm Uz¤úv nK Zvi RgvK…Z †P‡Ki UvKv e¨vK KZ©„K Av`vq bv nIqvi KviY we‡kølY Kiæb|

5. Rbve gviæd Lyjbvi GKwU ¯^bvgab¨ K‡j‡Ri wkÿK| wZwb Zvi K¬v‡m †PK m¤ú‡K© cov‡”Qb| wZwb e‡jb GKwU
wP‡Ki mv‡_ wewfbœ cÿ RwoZ _v‡K| Gme cÿ¸‡jvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q Av‡`óv, Avw`ó, cÖvcK, Aby‡gv`bKvix,
Aby‡gv`b cÖvcK BZ¨vw`| Zvi g‡Z, eZ©gvb hy‡M GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© `wjj wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq| GQvov †P‡Ki
AwaK wbivcËv, mnR wewbg‡qi gva¨g, A‡_©i weKí e¨envi, FY AvgvbZ m„wó cÖf„wZ welq¸‡jv †P‡Ki
e¨envi‡K RbwcÖq K‡i Zz‡j‡Q| Rbve gviæd e‡jb Znwe‡ji c~Y© e¨env‡i †PK e¨vcK Ae`vb iv‡L|
K. evnK †PK Kx?
L. e¨vsK I †P‡Ki DrcwË †Kb mgmvgwqK? e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
M. Rbve gviæd †P‡Ki †hme c‡ÿi K_v e‡j‡Qb Zv eY©bv Kiæb|
N. Rbve gviæd †Kb †P‡Ki e¨envi RbwcÖq e‡j g‡b K‡ib? we‡kølY Kiæb|

6. Rbve wicb †PŠayix B÷vY© e¨vs‡Ki †PK †mKk‡bi GKRb Kg©KZ©v| wZwb e¨vs‡Ki MÖvn‡Ki †P‡Ki welqwU
†`Lvïbv K‡ib| g‡°jiv hLb †PK Rgv †`q ZLb wZwb †PKwU fv‡jvfv‡e cixÿv K‡i †`‡Lb †h †P‡Ki
mewKQz mwVK wK bv| Gici wZwb UvKv cÖ`vb K‡ib| GKw`b bZzb GKRb MÖvnK G‡m Rvb‡Z PvBj †h †PK
Kxfv‡e wjL‡Z nq| ZLb Rbve wicb MÖvnK‡K e¨envwiKfv‡e †`wL‡q w`‡jb †Kv_vq wnmve bs, ZvwiL,
cÖvc‡Ki bvg, UvKvi cwigvY I ¯^vÿi w`‡Z nq|
K. ûKzg †PK Kx?
L. bM` A‡_©i †P‡q †PK e¨envi A‡bK wbivc` ‡Kb?
M. Rbve wicb †PŠayix †PK †jLvi †h welq¸‡jv MÖvnK‡K e‡j‡Qb Zv eY©bv Kiæb|
N. Rbve wicb †PŠayix GKRb e¨vsKvi wnmv‡e †PK MÖn‡Yi mgq †h mZK©Zvg~jK e¨e¯’v MÖnY K‡i Zvi Zvrch©
g~j¨vqb Kiæb|

BDwbU 6 c„ôv 124

 wdb¨vÝ, e¨vswKs I wegv wØZxq cÎ

7.

bs Gmwe 02345 b¨vkbvj e¨vsK mÂqx wnmve bs 3 2 7 9

Rq‡`ecyi kvLv, MvRxcyi ZvwiL 24 04 2018

cÖ`vb Kiæb ....................................... Rbve iwdKzj .... †K ev evnK‡K|

UvKv (K_vq): wZb nvRvi UvKv gvÎ|

UvKv: ¯^vÿi
Gm. Rvgvj

K. mvaviYfv‡e `vMKvUv †PK Kx?

L. `vMKvUv †PK KZ cÖKvi? e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
M. DÏxc‡K †Kvb ai‡bi †PK Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q Zvi ˆewkó¨ eY©bv Kiæb|
N. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z †PKwU e¨emv‡qi †ÿ‡Î e¨envi Kiv nq KZUv hyw³m½Z e‡j Avcwb g‡b K‡ib|

8. wg. Bgvg Kw¤úDUvi µ‡i Rb¨ 40,000 UvKvi GKwU cÖZ¨qcÎ Qq gvm †gqv‡`i Rb¨ †Lv‡jb| GK gvm ci
25,000 UvKvi GKwU wej cwi‡kva K‡ib| Gi c‡iI cÖZ¨qcÎwU cybivq 40,000 UvKvi bZzb FYc‡Î
cwiYZ nq| Gfv‡e Qq gvm wZwb G myweav †fvM Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| GLb Zvi Kw¤úDUvi †givg‡Zi Rb¨ wewfbœ
hš¿bvsk cÖ‡qvRb, hv we‡`k †_‡K wK‡b Avb‡eb|
K. cÖZ¨q cÎ Bmy¨ K‡i †K?
L. Rvgvb‡Zi cÖavb D‡Ïk¨wU e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
M. wg. Bgv‡gi cÖZ¨qc‡Îi bgybv †`Lvb|
N. wg. Bgvg Kw¤úDUv‡ii hš¿vsk we‡`k n‡Z wKb‡Z D³ cÖZ¨qcÎwU‡K Kxfv‡e Kv‡R jvMv‡eb Zv we‡kølY
Kiæb|

DËigvjv

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 6.1 : 1.L 2.L 3.L 4.L 5.M 6.N 7.L 8.K 9.K 10.N 11.N 12.K
13.N 14.L 15.K 16.M 17.M 18.M 19. N 20. M 21. N
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 6.2 : 1. M 2. L 3. M 4. L. 5. L
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 6.3 : 1. L 2. M 3. K 4. M 5. L

BDwbU 6 c„ôv 125