cÖeÜ : mvwn‡Z¨ †Ljv

cÖvewÜK : cÖg_ †PŠayix

= iPbvg~jK Ask =
cÖkœ : ÒmvwnZ¨ †LjvÓ cÖeÜwUi bvgKi‡Yi mv_©KZv wePvi Ki|
bvgKiY †h †Kvb mvwnZ¨K‡g©i DcµgwbKv| bvgKi‡Yi mv_©KZv mvwnZ¨ wk‡íi
mv_©KZvi weg~Z© cÖZxK| mv_©K bvgKi‡Yi Dci mvwnZ¨ KwYKvi mv_©KZv eûjvs‡k
wbf©ikxj| bvgKiY wk‡íi AnsKvi, mvwn‡Z¨i AjsKvi,ˆkwíK gvb`‡Û mv_©K m„wói Ab¨Zg
kZ© GKwU bvg- hvi g‡a¨ †jL‡Ki c~Y© e³‡e¨ ùwUK `xw߇Z Sj‡K DV‡Z m¶g| bvgKiY n‡jv
mvwnZ¨K‡g©i `c©Y I cÖwZ”Qwe, we›`y‡Z wm›`yi Avfvm| Avengvb Kvj n‡Z mvwn‡Z¨i
avivevwnKZvq mvwnwZ¨KMY Mí, cÖeÜ, Dcb¨vm I bvU‡Ki wk‡ivbvg wba©vi‡Y mvaviYZ
cvuPwU wel‡q we‡kl ¸i“Z¡ w`‡q _v‡Kbt
 g~j PwiÎ
 Aš—wb©wnZ Zvrch©
 g~j NUbv
 mvgwMÖK eY©bvi iƒcK|
Z‡e KxwZ©gvb mvwnwZ¨KMY Zv‡`i ¯^wKqZvi Av‡jv‡K wfbœ AvswM‡K iPbvi
wk‡ivbvg Pqb K‡ib| Av‡jvP¨
cÖe‡Ü cwi¶xwjZ evK‰e`»gq M`¨ixwZi AwaKvix cÖg_ †PŠayix bZzb †Kvb `„wóf½xi
cÖ‡qvM bv NwU‡q welq I e³e¨ Df‡qi cÖwZ `„w÷ †i‡LB wØZxqv³ ixwZwU Aej¤^b K‡iB
cÖe‡Üi bvg wbe©vPb K‡i‡Qb|
mvwnZ¨ n‡jv mvwnwZ¨K‡`i g‡bvRM‡Zi GK ai‡bi †Ljv| G †Ljvq †hgb wµovi Avb›`
Av‡Q, †Zgwb Av‡Q wbgv©‡Yi mgZ¡v`k© kvbevuav‡bv PZ¡‡i †hgb Zv‡K cwiågb Ki‡Z
nq,†Zgwb D‡Ï‡k¨ mywbw`©óvI Zv‡K eRvq ivL‡Z nq| `¶ fvlvwkíxi ˆbcyb¨ wb‡q cÖg_
†PŠayix G welq¸‡jvB Zvui ÒmvwnZ¨ †LjvÓ cÖe‡Ü welqe¯‘ K‡i Zz‡j‡Qb|
Ò†LjvÓ K_vwU wZwb mvwn‡Z¨i m„RbkxjZv, wbi‡c¶Zv, wek¦RbxbZv cÖf„wZ K_vi
Zvrch© Luy‡R‡Qb| wZwb e‡j‡Qb, GB †Ljv‡ZB gvbyl ag©-eY©- †MvÎ- D”P-
wbP‡f‡`GKKvZv‡i mvwgj n‡Z cv‡i| mvwn‡Z¨i Avb›` GLv‡bB Ges Zv me gvby‡li Rb¨|
wZwb Av‡ivI e‡j‡Qb, †Ljvq †Kvb wKQz cvevi D‡Ïk¨ _vK‡j Zv‡K Ryqv‡Ljv e‡j| GRb¨
D‡Ïk¨ev`x mvwnZ¨ g~jZ mvwnZ¨ c`evP¨ bq| Avevi mvwnZ¨ †Q‡jinv‡Zi †LjbvI bq|
wKsev †Kvb bxwZ-Av`k© wk¶vi evnbI bq| A_©vr ÒmvwnZ¨ †LjvÓ K_vwUi Zvrch© n‡jv
me wKQzi D‡©aŸ †_‡K mevB‡K wb‡f©Rvj Avb›`I jvf Kiv| Avi Ggb Avb›` jvf I `vb Kiv
DfqB gvbe RvwZi Rb¨ Kj¨vYKi| mvwnZ¨ †Kvb e¨vw³i ¯^v_©wmw×i A¯¿ bq| GUv mevi
Avb›` - g½‡ji gva¨g| GLv‡b †QvU eo mevi Avb›` AwaKvi mgvb| Avi gvbyl hLb †Ljv K‡i,
ZLb `jgZ wbwe©‡k‡l †m GK Avb›` e¨wZZ| ci †Kvb d‡ji AvKv•Lv iv‡L bv| GB †h
wb‡gv©n ¯^v_©nxb g‡bvfve ZvB gvbyl‡K mevi kx‡l© DVv‡Z cv‡i Ges mvwnZ¨ †Ljvi
¸i“Z¡ I Zvrch© GLv‡bB|
m„wóKZ©vI Avb›` `vb I jv‡fi Q‡j my›`ix wek¦fyeb m„wó K‡i‡Qb| Avi GLv‡bB Zvi
m„RbkxjZvi I †gŠwjKZvi Qvc eZ©gvb| wek¦mªóv †hgb Zvi Avcb m„wói gva¨‡g jxjv †Ljv
K‡i _v‡Kb Ñ mvwnwZ¨‡KivI †Zgwb mvwn‡Z¨i gva¨‡g †Ljv Kiv KZ©e¨ hv me©RbMÖvn¨
n‡q D‡V| wek¦ jxjv †hgb m„wó cigcivq msµwgZ n‡q P‡j‡Q -mvwn‡Z¨i imI Z`ª“c †jvK I
Kvj cigcivq me©Rb gb mvgMÖx n‡q I‡V Ges †mUvB mvwnwZ¨K‡`i Kvg¨ nIqv DwPZ|
Zvi e³‡e¨i welq‡K w`‡bi Av‡jvi gZ ¯úó K‡i †Zvjvi Rb¨ e¶gvb cÖe‡Ü bvg KiY K‡i‡Qb
ÒmvwnZ¨ †Ljv|Ó ejevi welq‡K ¯ú÷ I my›`i iƒ‡c cwZcv`¨ Kivi †¶‡Î Zvi bvgKiY ZvB h_v_©
A‡_© hyw³hy³ n‡q‡Q|
e¯‘Z mvwn‡Z¨i bvgKiY GK ai‡bi KwíZ fvebvi DcwiZj gvÎ| GB bvgKi‡Yi gva¨‡gB
wKbv wel‡qi †PŠ¤^K fvebv cwZcv`¨ n‡q D‡V| wewkó iPbv‰kjxKvi cÖ_g †PŠayix Ò
mvwnZ¨ †Ljv Ó cÖe‡Ü bvgKi‡Yi †¶‡ÎI G mZ¨ ¯úó n‡q D‡V‡Q| ZvB e¶gvb cÖe‡Üi bvgKib
n‡q‡Q `xwßgq I AvKl©Yxq|
 = msw¶ß cÖkœ =
1| cÖkœ : †iv`u¨v †K? †Kvb welqwU ¯úó Kivi Rb¨ †jLK Zuvi cÖm½ w`‡q
Ômvwn‡Z¨ †LjvÕ cÖeÜwU ïi“ K‡i‡Qb?
†iv`u¨v wQ‡jb GKRb wek¦weL¨vZ divwm fv¯‹i| d«u¨v‡mvqv A¸¯— †iv`u¨v| 1840
wLªóv‡ã Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib Ges 1971 wLª÷v‡ã g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib| Zuvi †kªô KxwZ©i g‡a¨
we‡klfv‡e D‡jL‡hvM¨ n‡”Q Ôbi‡Ki `yqviÕ I ÔevNvm© Ae K¨v‡jÕ| †iv`u¨vi Ab¨vb¨
Awebk¦i KxwZ© n‡jv- ÔÔwPš—vwe`Ó, ÔAv`gÕ, ÔBfÕ| GQvov wZwb wf±i û‡Mv,
evjRvK, evb©vW© k cÖgyL wek¦weL¨vZ mvwnwZ¨‡Ki cÖwZK…wZ wbg©vY K‡i‡Qb|
mvwn‡Z¨ †Ljv ej‡Z Kx eySvq Zv ¯úó Ki‡Z †jLK †iv`u¨vi cÖm½ w`‡q Ômvwn‡Z¨
†LjvÕ cÖeÜwU ïi“ K‡i‡Qb| †iv`u¨v gnr wkí m„wói duv‡K duv‡K Kv`vgvwU wb‡q cyZzj
ˆZwi Ki‡Z e‡m †h‡Zb| G cyZzj ˆZwi Kiv wQj Zuvi GKwU †Ljv| Gi D‡Ïk¨ wQj mKj‡K Avb›`
`vb| mvwn‡Z¨i D‡Ïk¨I Avb›``vb Kiv, Kv‡iv g‡bviÄb Kiv bq| mvwnZ¨ †Ljvayjvi mv‡_
Zzjbxq| †Ljvayjvi D‡Ïk¨ †hgb Avb›` †`Iqv I cvIqv mvwn‡Z¨i D‡Ïk¨I ZvB| †iv`u¨v cyZzj
ˆZwii †Ljv cQ›` Ki‡Zb Avb›` †`Iqv I cvIqvi Rb¨| G Kvi‡YB †jLK †iv`u¨vi cÖm½ w`‡q
cÖeÜwU ïi“ K‡i‡Qb|

2| cÖkœ : wkíiv‡R¨ †Kv‡bv iKg Kvh© D×vi ev D‡Ïk¨ mva‡bi †P‡q †Ljv Kievi Dci
†jLK we‡kl ¸i“Z¡v‡ivc K‡i‡Qb †Kb?
wk‡íi D‡Ïk¨ gvbyl‡K Avb›` `vb Kiv| wkí-mvwnZ¨ †Kv‡bv iKg Kvh© D×vi ev D‡Ïk¨
mva‡bi Rb¨ m„wó Kiv nq bv; wk‡íi D‡Ïk¨ †Ljv Kiv| G †Ljvi †¶Î n‡”Q gvby‡li gb| mvwn‡Z¨i
D‡Ïk¨I †Ljvi gva¨‡g gvby‡li g‡b Avb›` m„wó Kiv|
mvwn‡Z¨i KvR gvbevZ¥v‡K wb‡q †Ljv Kiv| mvwn‡Z¨ †Kv‡bv iKg Kvh© D×vi ev
D‡Ïk¨ mva‡bi j¶¨ †bB| mvwnZ¨ †Ljvayjvi mv‡_ Zzjbxq| †Ljvayjv †hgb mKj‡K Avb›` †`q
†Zgwb mvwnZ¨I gvbyl‡K Avb›`-mvM‡i fvwm‡q †`q| mvwnZ¨ wk¶v †`q bv| wk¶vi D‡Ïk¨ I
mvwn‡Z¨i D‡Ïk¨ GK bq| gvbylB mvwn‡Z¨i cÖavb Dcv`vb I Aej¤^b| wjIbv‡`©v `¨v wfwÂ
†h Ô‡gvbvwjmvÕ m„wó K‡i †M‡Qb Zv †Kv‡bv D‡Ïk¨ wb‡q K‡ib wb| Avcb g‡bi †Lqv‡j
wZwb Zv K‡iwQ‡jb| c„w_exi hveZxq gnr wk‡íiB †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó D‡Ïk¨ wQj bv| G Kvi‡YB
†jLK Kvh© Kvh© D×vi ev D‡Ïk¨ mva‡bi †P‡q wkíiv‡R¨ †Ljv Kivi Dci we‡kl ¸i“Z¡v‡ivc
K‡i‡Qb|
Q‡K AvuUv D‡Ïk¨ wb‡q wkí-mvwnZ¨ iPbv Ki‡j Zv gnr n‡Z cv‡i bv| wkíx
¯^vaxbfv‡e hv m„wó K‡ib ZvB cÖK…Z wkí|

3| cÖkœ : wk¶vi D‡Ïk¨ I mvwn‡Z¨i D‡Ï‡k¨i ga¨Kvi cv_©K¨ m¤ú‡K© †jL‡Ki AwfgZ
Kx? eywS‡q †jL|
Ômvwn‡Z¨ †LjvÕ cÖe‡Ü †jLK cÖg_ †PŠayix wk¶vi D‡Ïk¨ I mvwn‡Z¨i D‡Ï‡k¨i
ga¨Kvi cv_©K¨ m¤ú‡K© Zuvi AwfgZ e¨³ K‡i‡Qb|
wk¶v n‡”Q †mB e¯‘ hv gvbyl wbZvš— Awb”Qv m‡Ë¡I MjvatKiY Ki‡Z eva¨ nq|
wk¶vi D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q gvby‡li gb‡K we‡k¦i Lei Rvbv‡bv| Ac‡ii g‡bi fve c~Y© Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨B
wk¶‡Ki nv‡Z wk¶v Rb¥jvf K‡i‡Q| myZivs wk¶v g‡bvRM‡Zi welq bq- wk¶v ewnR©M‡Zi
welq| mvwn‡Z¨i D‡Ïk¨ mKj‡K Avb›` `vb Kiv, Kv‡iv g‡bviÄb Kiv bq| Avb›` `vb I g‡bviÄb
Kiv G `ywU wel‡qi g‡a¨ AvKvk-cvZvj cv_©K¨ we`¨gvb| G cv_©‡K¨i K_v fy‡j †M‡jB
mvwnwZ¨Kiv wb‡R †Ljv bv K‡i c‡ii Rb¨ †Ljbv ˆZwi Ki‡Z e‡mb| wek¦weL¨vZ divwm fv¯‹i
†iv`u¨v Zuvi gnr wkí m„wói duv‡K duv‡K Kv`vgvwU wb‡q cyZzj ˆZwi Ki‡Zb| Zuvi G
cyZzj ˆZwi KivUv wQj wkí‡K wb‡q †Ljv Kiv| cyZzj ˆZwi K‡i wZwb †hgb Avb›` †c‡Zb
†Zgwb Ab¨‡KI Avb›` w`‡Zb| mgv‡Ri g‡bviÄb Ki‡Z †M‡j mvwnZ¨ ¯^ag©Pz¨Z n‡q c‡o|
ZvB mvwn‡Z¨i D‡Ïk¨ mgv‡Ri g‡bviÄb Kiv bq, gvby‡li g‡b Avb›` `vb Kiv|
wk¶v I mvwn‡Z¨i D‡Ïk¨ GK bq Ges Df‡qi Kg©I wfbœagx©| wk¶v gvby‡li evwn¨K
cÖ‡qvRb †gUvq Avi mvwnZ¨ gvby‡li AvZ¥vi cÖ‡qvRb †gUvq|

4| cÖkœ : ÔÔmvwnZ¨ †Q‡ji nv‡Zi †LjbvI bq, ¸i“i nv‡Zi †eZI bq|Ó ms‡¶‡c
eywS‡q `vI|
 mwvnZ¨ †h me©Rbxb Ges Gi D‡Ïk¨ †h ¸i“Z¡nxb bq †m cÖm‡½B cÖeÜKvi Zuvi
Ômvwn‡Z¨ †LjvÕ cÖe‡Ü Av‡jvP¨ gš—e¨ K‡i‡Qb|
wkíx Avcb g‡bi gvayix wgwk‡q ˆZwi K‡ib Zvi wkíKg©| Zvi G m„wói gy‡j †Kv‡bv
KzwUjZv †bB eis Gi gy‡j i‡q‡Q Aš—ivZ¥vi ù~wZ© ev Avb›`| msMZ Kvi‡YB mvwnZ¨
gvby‡li AvZ¥vi †LvivK wgwU‡q _v‡K| wKš‘ Avgv‡`i eZ©gvb mgv‡R mvwnZ¨ AvR e¨emvi
c‡Y¨ cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| ZvQvov GLb mvwnZ¨ †kLv‡bvi `vwqZ¡ wb‡q‡Qb ¯‹zj-wk¶Kiv| G
Kvi‡Y Avgiv AvR ¯‹z‡j Kv‡e¨i iƒc †`wL bv, ïay Zvi ¸Y ïwb| UxKv-fv‡l¨i †e`Šj‡Z wk¶v¸i“iv
Avgv‡`i‡K ZË¡, Z_¨ I Ávb `vb K‡i P‡j‡Qb| GZ Ávb AR©b m‡Ë¡I Avgiv cÖwZwbqZ
mvwn‡Z¨ KvP‡K cÖ_‡g mvwnZ¨‡K ea Kiv, Zvici Zvi kee¨e‡”Q` Kiv Ges Ges G Dcv‡q Zvi
ZË¡ Avwe®‹vi I cÖPvi Kiv| G mKj Kvi‡Y ¸i“i nv‡Zi †eZI bq| †Q‡j gvbyl †hgb mvwnZ¨ Kx
Zv Rv‡b bv Z`ª“c ¸i“i mvwn‡Z¨i Avmj D‡Ïk¨ m¤ú‡K© AewnZ bb| mvwnZ¨ m¤ú~Y©
g‡bvRM‡Zi welq|
 = m¤¢ve¨ e¨vL¨vewj =
1| mvwn‡Z¨i D‡Ïk¨ mKj‡K Avb›` †`Iqv, KviI g‡bviÄb Kiv bq|
e¨v‡L¨q M`¨vskUzKz cÖL¨vZ cÖvewÜK cÖg_ †PŠayix weiwPZ ÔcÖeÜ msMÖnÕ
M‡š’i Aš—M©Z Ômvwn‡Z¨ †LjvÕ kxl©K cÖeÜ †_‡K Pqb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
GLv‡b mvwn‡Z¨i D‡Ïk¨ m¤ú‡K© cÖvewÜK Zuvi e³e¨ Zz‡j aivi cÖqvm †c‡q‡Qb|
cÖvewÜK cÖg_ †PŠayix Zuvi Ômvwn‡Z¨ †LjvÕ cÖe‡Ü mvwn‡Z¨i Av`k© I D‡Ïk¨
m¤ú‡K© mviMf© Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi e³e¨ n‡”Q, mvwn‡Z¨i D‡Ïk¨ mKj‡K Avb›` †`Iqv,
Kv‡iv g‡bviÄb Kiv bq| wZwb mvwnZ¨‡K †Ljvayjvi mv‡_ Zzjbv K‡i‡Qb| †Ljvayjv †hgb
mKj‡K Avb›` †`q, mvwnZ¨I †Zgwb mKj‡K Avb›`-mvM‡i fvwm‡q †`q| †Ljvayjv KL‡bv
e¨w³we‡k‡li g‡bvićbi Rb¨ AbywôZ nq bv| Z`ª“c mvwnZ¨I e¨w³we‡k‡li g‡bviÄb Ki‡Z
iwPZ nq bv| †Ljvayjvi RM‡Z eªvþY, k~`ª, mK‡ji †hgb mgvb cÖ‡ekvwaKvi, mvwn‡Z¨i
RM‡ZI †Zgwb| mvwn‡Z¨i KvR mgvR‡K wk¶v †`Iqv bq- mgv‡R Avb›` weZiY Kiv| wk¶v I
mvwn‡Z¨i g‡a¨ AvKvk cvZvj cÖ‡f`| ZvB wk¶v I mvwn‡Z¨i D‡Ïk¨I GK bq| wkíx †hgb gnr
K‡g©i duv‡K duv‡K †Ljv”Q‡j Kv`vgvwUi cyZzj M‡ob gvbyl‡K Avb›` w`‡Z, mvwnZ¨
†Zgwb †Ljv K‡i gvbyl‡K Avb›`-mvM‡i fvmv‡Z| mvwnZ¨ GKvš—B ˆbe©¨w³K| Zv‡K KL‡bv
e¨w³i B”QvaxY Kiv hvq bv|
mvwn‡Z¨i KvR mKj‡K Avb›` `vb Kiv, e¨w³we‡k‡li g‡bviÄb Kiv Zvi D‡Ïk¨ bq|
e¨w³we‡k‡li g‡bvićbi Rb¨ †h mvwnZ¨ Zv me©Rbxb mvwnZ¨ bq|

2| wk¶vi D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q gvby‡li gb‡K we‡k¦i Lei Rvbv‡bv, mvwn‡Z¨i D‡Ïk¨
gvby‡li gb‡K RvMv‡bv|
e¶¨gvb M`¨vskUzKz cÖg_ †PŠayix weiwPZ Ômvwn‡Z¨ †LjvÕ kxl©K cÖeÜ †_‡K
msMÖnxZ n‡q‡Q|
wk¶v I mvwn‡Z¨i D‡Ïk¨ m¤ú~Y© c„_K| mvwn‡Z¨i D‡Ïk¨ †jvK‡K wk¶v †`Iqv bq|
KviY mvwnwZ¨‡Ki D‡Ïk¨ wk¶‡Ki gwZMwZi m¤ú~Y© wecixZ| ¯‹zj eÜ bv n‡j †h †Ljvi mgq
Av‡m bv, GZ mK‡jiB RvbvK_v| wKš‘ mvwn‡Z¨i jxjv †h AvZ¥vi jxjv, G K_v wk¶v`vZviv
¯^xKvi Ki‡Z cÖ¯‘Z bb| wk¶v I mvwn‡Z¨i Kg© wfbœagx©| wk¶v n‡”Q †mB e¯‘ hv †jv‡K
wbZ¨š— Awb”Qv m‡Ë¡I MjvatKiY Ki‡Z eva¨ nq| gvbyl wk¶v MÖnY K‡i †c‡Ui ZvwM‡`-
RxweKvi cÖ‡qvR‡b| Acic‡¶, Kve¨im †jv‡K ïay †¯^”Qvq bq, mvb‡›` cvb K‡i| KviY
kv¯¿g‡Z †m im Ag„Z| †c‡Ui ZvwM‡` ev RxweKvi cÖ‡qvR‡b †KD mvwnZ¨ cvV K‡i bv|
wk¶vi D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q gvbyl‡K we‡k¦i Lei Rvbv‡bv Avi mvwn‡Z¨i KvR gvby‡li gb‡K
RvMv‡bv| Kve¨ †h msev`cÎ bq G K_v mK‡jB Rv‡b| Ac‡ii g‡bi Afve c~Y© Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨B
wk¶‡Ki nv‡Z wk¶v Rb¥jvf K‡i‡Q, wKš‘ Kwei wb‡Ri g‡bi cwic~Y©Zv †_‡KB mvwn‡Z¨i
DrcwË| myZivs mvwn‡Z¨i D‡Ïk¨ Avb›` `vb Kiv, wk¶v `vb Kiv bq|
mvwnZ¨ I wk¶v m¤ú~Y© wecixZagx©| G `y‡qi j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨ m¤úyY© c„_K|

3| ‡h †Ljvi wfZi Avb›` †bB wKš‘ Dcwi cvIbvi Avkv Av‡Q, Zvi bvg †Ljv
bq, Ryqv‡Ljv|
e¨v‡L¨q M`¨vskUzKz ¯^bvgab¨ cÖvewÜK cÖg_ †PŠayix weiwPZ Ômvwn‡Z¨ †LjvÕ
kxl©K cÖeÜ †_‡K msMÖnxZ|
GLv‡b †jLK †Ljvayjvi mv‡_ mvwn‡Z¨i m¤úK© wbY©q Kivi cÖqvm †c‡q‡Qb|
Ômvwn‡Z¨ †LjvÕ cÖe‡Ü cÖvewÜK cÖg_ †PŠayix mvwnZ¨‡K †Ljvayjvi mv‡_ Zzjbv
K‡i‡Qb| †Ljvi gv‡V †hgb eªvþY, ï`ª mK‡jiB mgvb cÖ‡ekvwaKvi Av‡Q, mvwnZ¨RM‡ZI
ZvB| GLv‡b gvbyl Avcb g‡bi ùzwZ©‡Z †Ljv K‡i| mvwnZ¨RM‡Z hv‡`i ‡Ljv Kivi cÖe„wË
Av‡Q, mvnm Av‡Q, ¶gZv Av‡Q- gvby‡li bqb gb AvKl©Y Kivi my‡hvM we‡kl K‡i Zv‡`i
Kcv‡jB †Rv‡U| gvbyl †h †Ljv †`L‡Z fv‡jvev‡m Zvi cwiPq †Zv Avgiv Anin cvB| UvDb n‡j
e³…Zv ïb‡Z hZRb hvq Zvi Kv‡qK ¸Y hvq M‡oi gv‡Vi dzUej †Ljv †`L‡Z| A_P G K_v mZ¨ †h,
UvDb n‡ji e³…Zvi D‡Ïk¨ gnr Avi M‡oi gv‡Vi †Ljv P~ovš—fv‡e D‡Ïk¨nxb| gvbyl hLb †Ljv
K‡i ZLb †m GK Avb›` e¨ZxZ Aci †Kv‡bv d‡ji AvKv•¶v iv‡L bv| ZvB cÖeÜKvi e‡j‡Qb, †h
†Ljvi g‡a¨ Avb›` †bB wKš‘ Dcwi cvIbvi Av‡Q, Zvi bvg †Ljv bq, Ryqv‡Ljv| Ryqv‡Ljv
me©mvavi‡Yi Rb¨ bq, we‡kl wKQz Ryqvwoi Rb¨| mvwnZ¨ Ryqv‡Ljv bq- GLv‡b Dcwi
cvIbvi Avkv †bB| GL‡b gvbyl †Kej Avb›`B †c‡q _v‡K|
Ryqv‡Ljvi g‡a¨ Dcwi cvIbvi Avkv Av‡Q- wKš‘ mvwn‡Z¨ Avb›` Qvov Dcwi cvIbvi
†Kv‡bv Avkv †bB|

4| wek¦gvb‡e g‡bi m‡½ wbZ¨ bZzb m¤^Ü cvZv‡bvB n‡”Q Kwe g‡bi
wbZ¨‰bwgwËK Kg©|
Av‡jvP¨ AskUzKz gbbkxj cÖvewÜK cÖg_ †PŠayixi Ômvwn‡Z¨ †LjvÕ kxl©K cÖeÜ
†_‡K †bIqv n‡q‡Q|
Kwei gvbmmËv †h cÖwZwbqZ wek¦gvbe mËv I mf¨Zvi m‡½ bZzb bZzb
†hvMv‡hvM‡i †mZz iPbv K‡i GLv‡b †m m¤ú‡K©B Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Kwe-mvwnwZ¨KMY mvaviY gvby‡li g‡Zv AvZ¥‡Kw›`ªK bb, Zviv n‡”Qb
wek¦bvMwiK| †`k-Kv‡ji mxgvbv †cwi‡q Zviv wePiY K‡ib Avcb fye‡b| RvMwZK wb›`bxq
†jvKj¾v, †jvKfq cv‡q `‡j Zviv me©`v my›`‡ii cv‡b Qz‡Ub| GwU Kwei wbZ¨‰bwgwËK
e¨vcvi, †KD _vgv‡Z cv‡i bv Zvi G my›`‡ii c_| Kwei G Awbevh© †kvfvhvÎvq kw³ †hvMvq
cÖvK…wZK †mŠ›`h©-mylgv| mvaviY gvbl †h‡¶‡Î Zvi Rxe‡bi †ewki fvM mgq AvZ¥xq-
¯^Rb, eÜz-evÜe wb‡q cvwievwiK Rxe‡bi g‡a¨ Zwj‡q hvq, †m‡¶‡Î Kwei c‡¶ AvZ¥xq-
¯^Rb, eÜz-evÜe wb‡q wek¦ mgvR‡K A¯^xKvi K‡i cvwievwiK Rxe‡bi g‡a¨ jxb nIqv m¤¢e
bq| Kwe-mvwnwZ¨Kiv e¨w³Rxe‡bi cvkvcvwk Ggb wK KL‡bv KL‡bv wb‡R‡K Ae‡njv K‡iI
gvbeZvi wPš—vq Avcbv‡K wbgMœ iv‡Lb| we‡k¦i †Kv_vI msNwUZ †Kv‡bv gvbeZvi
Aegvbbvq Zviv e¨w_Z nb, iPbv K‡i †e`bvMv_v Kvwnbx| Ab¨vq Kv‡Ri cÖwZev` K‡i KL‡bv
†Rj-Ryjyg wKsev KviveiY K‡ib| GKRb Kwe-mvwnwZ¨‡Ki mv‡_ GKRb mvaviY gvby‡li
cv_©K¨ GLv‡bB|
bZzb bZzb m„óK‡g©i gva¨‡g wek¦gvb‡ei mv‡_ AZxe wbKU m¤úK© ¯’vcb KivB
Kwe-mvwnwZ¨K‡`i wbZ¨‰bwgwËK KvR|

5| mvwnZ¨ †Q‡ji nv‡Zi ‡LjbvI bq ¸i“i nv‡Zi †eZI bq|

evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ PwjZ M`¨ixwZi cÖeZ©K cÖg_ †PŠayix cwikxwjZ ‰e`¨» ig¨ iPbvq
wm× n¯—| Zvui iPbvq gbbkxjZvi m‡½ wQj Zxeª SuvZv| GB cÖe܇KiB cÖeÜ msMÖn
MÖ‡š’I Aš—M©ZÒ mvwnZ¨ †Ljv Ó cÖeÜ †_‡K DׄZ AskUzKz Pqb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
mvwn‡Z¨i cvw_©e cÖ‡qvR‡bi evB‡i GK Acvw_©e e¯‘ Zv eY©bv cÖm‡½ cÖeÜKvi
Dc‡iv³ gš—e¨ K‡i‡Qb|
cÖeÜKvi mvwnZ¨ Ges wk¶v‡K wecixZgyLx `ywU aviv e‡j D‡jL K‡i‡Qb|GKwU n‡jv
cÖ‡qvR‡bi Avi GKwU AcÖ‡qvR‡bi| GKwU n‡jv †Kvb weZi‡Yi Avi GKwU n‡jv Av`vb
-cÖ`v‡bi| ZvB wk¶vi mv‡_ mvwn‡Z¨i †Kvb mgÜ _vK‡Z cv‡ibv| GKgvÎ `v-Kzgiv m¤úK©
Qvov Df‡qi g‡a¨ Avi †Kvb m¤úK© wPš—v Kiv hvq bv| KviY mvwnZ¨ wk¶vi fvi †bq bv|
†m KvD‡K wk¶v weZiY K‡i bv, gyL¯’ we`¨vq KvD‡K cwÛZ evbvq bv| †Kvb D‡Ïk¨ mvg‡b
†i‡L †Kvb mvwnwZ¨K Zvui Kjg a‡ib bv| wZwb Avcb g‡b Kve¨ m„wó K‡ib Avi wk¶K
cÖ_‡g Kwei Kve¨‡K ea K‡ib,Zvi c‡i e¨e‡”Q` K‡ib| A_©vr wZwb Zvui mfvem~jf Dcv‡q
Kwem„ó Kv‡e¨i ZË¡ Avwe¯‹vi K‡ib| Ges Zvui wk¶v_x©‡`i D‡Ï‡k¨ cÖPvi K‡ib| wKš‘
mvwn‡Z¨ g‡a¨ GB cÖPviagx© AcÖZ¨vwkZ| †jLK g‡b K‡ib †h , mvwnZ¨ wkï‡`i n‡Zi
†Ljbvi gZ A¯’vqxn‡j GKw`b Aek¨B Zv AcQ›` ev Awbnvi KviY n‡q `vuovq| Ab¨ w`‡K
mvwnZ¨ †jvK wk¶vi welq n‡j Zv fxwZ I `vq D×v‡ii welq n‡q `vuovq| d‡j Zv Kv‡iv c‡¶
Avb‡›`i DcKiY bv n‡q fxwZ I AcQ‡›`i KviY n‡q D‡V| ZvB †jLK GLv‡b mvwnZ¨‡K †Q‡ji
nv‡Zi f½yi †Ljb&v ev ¸i“i nv‡Zi †e‡Zi gZ fqsKi welq e‡j g‡b K‡ib bv| †m ïay D‡Ïk¨nxb
Avb‡›`i evZ©v wb‡q Av‡m Ges †m Avb›`evZ©v wn‡jvwjZ K‡i cvVK mgvR‡K|
g~jZ AevOgvbm †MvPi Abyf~wZ gvÎ|
 = fvlvwfwËK =
1| Ômvwn‡Z¨ †LjvÕ cÖe‡Ü evMaviv I cÖev` evK¨ e¨env‡ii QqwU D`vniY `vI|
Ômvwn‡Z¨ †LjvÕ cÖe‡Ü evMaviv I cÖev` evK¨ e¨env‡ii QqwU D`vniY wb‡q cÖ`Ë n‡jv:
(1) imvZ‡j Mgb/ imvZ‡j hvIqv (†Mvjvq hvIqv) : Lvivc †Q‡j‡`i mv‡_ wg‡k wgVy
imvZ‡j †Mj|
(2) Dcwi cvIqv (evowZ DcvR©b) : Dcwi cvIqvi Avkv wb‡q mvwn‡Z¨ †h †Ljv nq
Zvi bvg Ryqv‡Ljv|
(3) AvKvk-cvZvj cÖ‡ea (we¯—i cv_©K¨) : mvwn‡Z¨ Avb›` †`Iqv Avi g‡bviÄb Kiv
G `y‡qi g‡a¨ AvKvk-cvZvj cÖ‡f`|
(4) evRv‡i KvUv (†ewk wewµ nIqv) : AvRKvj mvwn‡Z¨ m¯—v †Ljbv Mo‡Z bv cvi‡j
evRv‡i †ewk Kv‡U bv|
(5) `v-Kzgov m¤^Ü (ˆeix m¤úK©) : Kwe I wk¶‡Ki g‡a¨ `v-Kzgov m¤^Ü we`¨gvb|
(6) Ag„‡Z Ai“wP (fv‡jv wRwb‡m Abxnv) : G hy‡Mi ¯‹zj Ges Zvi gv÷v‡ii Kvi‡YB
Kve¨i‡m Avgv‡`i Ai“wP R‡b¥‡Q|

2| Ômvwn‡Z¨ †LjvÕ cÖeÜ †_‡K Ggb cuvPwU ev‡K¨i D`vniY `vI hv myfvwlZ
Dw³ ch©v‡q DbœxZ n‡q‡Q|
wb‡gœ Ômvwn‡Z¨ †LjvÕ cÖeÜ †_‡K Ggb cuvPwU ev‡K¨i D`vniY cÖ`Ë n‡jv hv
myfvwlZ Dw³ ch©v‡q DbœxZ n‡q‡Q|
(1) mvwn‡Z¨i D‡Ïk¨ mKj‡K Avb›` †`Iqv, KviI g‡bviÄb Kiv bq|
(2) wk¶vi D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q gvby‡li gb‡K we‡k¦i Lei Rvbv‡bv, mvwn‡Z¨i D‡Ïk¨ gvby‡li
gb‡K RvMv‡bv|
(3) mvwnZ¨ †Q‡ji nv‡Zi †LjbvI bq, ¸i“i nv‡Zi †eZI bq|
(4) mvwn‡Z¨ gvbvevZ¥v †Ljv K‡i|
(5) Kve¨RM‡Z hvi bvg Avb›`, ZviB bvg †e`bv|

3| Ômvwn‡Z¨ †LjvÕ cÖeÜ †_‡K ev‡K¨i `ywU As‡k wecix‡Zi mwbœ‡ek N‡U‡Q
Ggb cuvPwU D`vniY `vI|
(1) gb DuPz‡Z DV‡Z Pvq, wbPz‡ZI bvg‡Z Pvq|
(2) Kwei KvR n‡”Q Kve¨ m„wó Kiv, Avi wk¶‡Ki KvR n‡”Q cÖ_‡g Zv ea Kiv|
(3) ZvivB n‡”Qb h_v_© mvgvwRK Rxe, ev` evwK mK‡j †KejgvÎ cvwievwiK|
(4) Kve¨RM‡Z hvi bvg Avb›`, ZviB bvg †e`bv|

4| ev‡K¨i cÖ‡qvM †`LvI : RxweZcÖvq, GK Ki‡Z Avi, `v-Kzgov m¤^Ü, Ag„‡Z

Ai“wP, AvKvk-cvZvj cÖ‡f`|

RxweZcÖvq : h_v_© wkíx gvwU w`‡q RxweZcÖvq †`e‡`ex Mo‡Z

cv‡ib|
GK Ki‡Z Avi : A`¶ wkíxiv GK Ki‡Z Avi K‡i †d‡j|
`v-Kzgov m¤^Ü : Kwe I wk¶‡Ki g‡a¨ `v-Kzgov m¤^Ü we`¨gvb|
Ag„‡Z Ai“wP : G hy‡Mi ¯‹zj Ges Zvi gvóv‡ii Kvi‡YB Kve¨i‡m Avgv‡`i Ai“wP
R‡b¥‡Q|
AvKvk-cvZvj cÖ‡f` : mvwn‡Z¨i D‡Ïk¨ Avi eZ©gvb Ae¯’vi g‡a¨ AvKvk
cvZvj cÖ‡f`|