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cÖZ¨ÿ ev c‡ivÿfv‡e, KL‡bv b¨v‡iwU‡f, KL‡bv cwi‡cÖwÿZ wn‡m‡e Kvh©Ki
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ms‡kø‡l gyw³hy‡×i †PZbv I `k©b‡K ¯^vaxbZv-DËi evsjv‡`‡ki mgvR, ivRbxwZ
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I Am½wZ †`Lv w`‡qwQj, KL‡bv KL‡bv †mme mgm¨v I msKU Zuvi M‡í VuvB †c‡q‡Q
gyw³hy‡×i †PZbvi Abyl½x n‡qB| A_©vr, GKvËi I GKvËi-cieZ©x evsjv‡`‡ki
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†PZbv‡jv‡K †hgb mvnwmKZv mÂvi K‡i‡Q, gyw³hy‡×vËi wef½ mgvRKvVv‡gv †Zgwb
Zuv‡K K‡i‡Q ÿzä| Gi cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q Zuvi AwaKvsk M‡í| Avi ZvB Zuvi Mí¸‡jv
cwiYZ n‡q‡Q mvnm I †ÿv‡fi wWm‡Kv‡m©| eZ©gvb cÖe‡Üi g~jjÿ¨ Zuvi Mím¤¢vi
we‡kølY K‡i GB wPšÍv‡KB hyw³ mnKv‡i Dc¯’vcb Kiv|
B½-cvK Jcwb‡ewkK civfe I ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki D™¢eKv‡ji cÖZ¨ÿ`kx©
K_vmvwnwZ¨K Bwjqv‡mi Rb¥ 1943 mv‡j| BwZnv‡mi GK msKUvcbœ Kvjce© GwU|
RxweZ Ae¯’vq wZwb Ae‡jvKb K‡i‡Qb ivóªfvlv Av‡›`vjb, mvgwiK kvmb, MY-
Afy¨Ìvb, 1971-Gi gyw³hy× I ZrcieZ©x evsjv‡`‡ki PvjwPÎ| GQvov cVb-
cvVbm~‡Î aviYv jvf K‡iwQ‡jb `v½v I `ywf©ÿ wel‡q| UvjgvUvj GB mg‡qi `nb
ms‡e`bkxj Bwjqv‡mi ü`q‡K Zß K‡i‡Q Ges †mB DËvc‡K wZwb mÂvwiZ K‡i‡Qb
†QvUM‡í| Avwg I Avgvi mgqÑG Bwjqvm Rvwb‡q‡Qb: ÔAvgvi mgq 1971 mv‡ji
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wbkvbÕ e‡j Mjv nuvKwo‡q g‡iwQ, †mB wbkv‡bi duvm Mjvq w`‡q gviv n‡jv AmsL¨
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†QvUM‡í me‡P‡q †ewk gwngvwš^Z Ki‡jb Avgv‡`i GB gyw³hyׇK| mgvRZvwš¿K
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wb‡R †h Nivbvi ivRbxwZ Ki‡Zb, †mB Nivbvi A‡b‡KB gyw³hyׇK BwZevPK `„wó‡Z
†`‡L DV‡Z cv‡ibwb| wKš‘ gyw³hy‡×i cÖ‡kœ eiveiB Bwjqvm wQ‡jb wØavnxb;
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Av‡jvwoZ K‡i‡Q e¨vcKfv‡e| gyw³hy×Kvjxb I gyw³hy×-DËi mvwe©K Rxeb‡PZbv‡K
Bwjqvm wbijmfv‡e Zuvi AwfÁZvi mKj wbh©vm †X‡j mvwR‡q‡Qb †QvUM‡íi
AvLZvi“¾vgvb Bwjqv‡mi M‡í gyw³hy× 303

AšÍe©q‡b| Av‡jvPbvi myweavi R‡b¨ Zuvi M‡í gyw³hy‡×i cÖm½ `yÕwU ch©v‡q wef³ Kiv
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K) hy×Kvjxb cÖZ¨ÿ AwfÁZvi i~cvqY; Ges
L) gyw³hy×-DËi mgvR I ivRbxwZi i~cvqY|

1.
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hy×Kvjxb NUbvi weeiY bq, eis NUbvi cÖwZwµqv we‡køwlZ n‡q‡Q G M‡íi
b¨v‡iwU‡f| wgwjUvwi-AvZw¼Z, jv‡ki M‡Ü fvwi n‡qIVv evsjvi Rbc‡`i i~cKí
wbg©vY K‡i‡Qb wZwb M‡íi A‡bKUv RvqMv Ry‡o:
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g¨v‡jwiqvi g‡Zv Av‡m| †h MÖv‡g GKevi nvZ †`q Zvi Avi †Kv‡bv wPý iv‡L bv|...
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wZwb| G iKg †ek wKQz UzK‡iv UyK‡iv †KvjvRagx© `„k¨c‡Ui AvkÖ‡q gyw³hy‡×i
mgqcU‡K GK ¯^Zš¿ b¨v‡iwU‡f G M‡í mv_©KZvi m‡½ RxešÍ K‡i Zzj‡Z mg_©
n‡q‡Qb Bwjqvm| wZwb `„k¨cU¸‡jv Ggbfv‡e web¨¯Í K‡i‡Qb †h, gyw³hy‡×i
cÖZ¨ÿ`kx© bq wKsev gyw³hy‡×i BwZnvm ARvbv Ggb cvV‡Ki KíbvqI RxešÍ n‡q
I‡V msMÖvgx I i³v³ †mB mgq| mgKvjxb fxwZKi cwiw¯’wZ I bvixRxe‡bi Uª¨vwRK
cwiYwZi wPÎ wZwb Gu‡K‡Qb Bw½Zgq I MÖvgxY Rxeb-Abyl½x fvwlK KvVv‡gv‡Z:
... †micy‡i Rbgwbwl¨ †KD bvB, e‡ov iv¯Ívq Lvwj wgwjUvwi, Lvwj wgwjUvwi| Zv GLv‡b
nvB¯‹zj K¨v‡¤úi K¨v‡Þb mv‡n‡ei m‡½ †Pqvig¨v‡bi GKUz Avjvc n‡q‡Q, Z‡e I‡`i
mvnvh¨ PvB‡Z fq nq, N‡i †mvgË eq‡mi †g‡qiv Av‡Q, wK‡mi wewbg‡q Avevi Kx †P‡q
e‡m! ... weQvbv †_‡K †b‡g †gveviK Avwj N‡ii D‡ëv cÖv‡šÍ †eŠ‡qi weQvbvi w`‡K cv
evovq| Z³‡cv‡li KvQvKvwQ †h‡Z cv †j‡M †bfv‡bv n¨vwi‡KbUv Mwo‡q c‡o|... eyjyi
gv e‡j I‡V, ÔAv‡¯Í nuv‡Uv...ÔevwZ R¡vjv‡qv bv|Õ ¯¿xi wf‡R wf‡R Mjvq GB mZK© wb‡la
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k¥kv‡bi †P‡qI fq¼i bxieZv weivwRZ wQj ZLbKvi mgv‡R| GgbB fxwZKi
cwi‡e‡ki m„wó n‡qwQj †h, cÖ‡qvR‡b mvgvb¨ Av‡jvUzKz cÖR¡j‡bi mvnmI gvbyl nvwi‡q
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304 evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU cwÎKv

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†ev‡bi m¤£g‡K Av‡gv‡`i Abyl‡½ cwiYZ K‡iwQj| bvixRvwZi GB m¤£gnvwbi
HwZnvwmK eqv‡bi mZ¨Zv j•Nb K‡ibwb Bwjqvm, eis †mwU‡K gvb¨ K‡i‡Qb cy‡iv
gvÎvq| LÐ LÐ wP‡Î Gfv‡eB wZwb cÖg~Z© K‡ib hy×Kvjxb ev¯ÍeZv| cvKevwnbxi GB
ee©iZvi wPÎ AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv‡`i (1932-2009) ÒbxieZvÓ(Avgvi i³ ¯^cœ
Avgvi) wKsevgvngy`yj n‡Ki (Rb¥ 1940) Òeyjy I Po–BÓ M‡íi AvL¨vb‡K ¯§iY
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mgKvjxb mgv‡R weivRgvb ˆecixZ¨ DwjøwLZ MíKvi‡`i iPbvq †hgb, †Zgwb
Bwjqv‡mi M‡íI wewkó ¯^vZ‡š¿¨ i~cvwqZ n‡q‡Q|
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eY©bv, eY©b‰kjxi Kvi‡Y cvVK KL‡bv KL‡bv †LB nvwi‡q †d‡jb; g~jKvwnbx †_‡K
`~‡i m‡i hvIqvi AvcvZ Avk¼v ˆZwi nq Zvi; GgbwK hvbI KL‡bv KL‡bv| wKš‘
†jL‡Ki AwfcÖvq wfbœ| †jL‡Ki D‡Ïk¨ kvRvnv‡bi g„Zz¨‡K bq, eis gyw³‡hv×v eyjyi
g„Zz¨‡K gwngvwš^Z K‡i †Zvjv| Zuvi g‡Z, ÔH †h †jvK¸‡jv jvk wb‡q hv‡”Q, Zv‡Z †h
KóUv n‡”Q Avwg PvB H description Gi g‡a¨B †mB KóUv cÖKvk cvK| Avwg
mivmwi KL‡bv ej‡Z PvB bv †h Iiv Kó Ki‡Q| wKsev H Ô†LuvqvwiÕi evoxUvi †h
description Zv‡Z Avgvi g‡b nq bv KvD‡K Avi e‡j w`‡Z n‡e †h evoxUv RxešÍ
bv| hZB Zv‡Z gvaexjZv _vKzK †mLv‡b life †bBÕ|4 wZwb kvRvnv‡bi jvk
enbKvix‡`i K¬vwšÍ I K‡ói m‡½ cvVK‡K GKvZ¥ K‡i w`‡Z Pvb `xN© eY©bvi †KŠkj
Aej¤^‡bi gva¨‡g| jÿYxq †h, e³e¨‡K mivmwi Dc¯’vcb Kivi cÖeYZv Bwjqv‡m
¯^í`„ó bq| GUvB Bwjqv‡mi ¯^Zš¿ eY©bfw½| wZwb Zuvi Awš^ó b¨v‡iwUf‡K M‡íi
Avavi I Av‡aq Dfq fv‡MB wkíweb¨¯Í Ki‡Z m‡Pó nb| †hgb, G M‡íi bvgKi‡YI
eyjyi AvZ¥Z¨v‡Mi e¨Äbv‡K Qwo‡q w`‡q‡Qb Bwjqvm| mvaviY gvby‡li `„wó‡KvY †_‡K
†hwU AcNvZ e‡j we‡ewPZ (GgbwK eyjyi wcZvi `„wó‡ZI), bZzb †PZbvi Av‡jv‡K
†mwUB †h me‡P‡q †MŠi‡ei, gn‡Ë¡i †jL‡Ki AwfcÖvq g~jZ Zv-B Zy‡j aiv|
cÖPwjZ A_©‡K Qvwc‡q kãwUi wfbœ e¨ÄbvMZ A_© wbg©v‡Yi cÖqvm jÿ¨ Kiv hvq
bvgKi‡Y| Avevi †`Lv hvq †h, knx` eyjyi exiZ¡Mv_v‡KI mivmwi Zz‡j bv G‡b
†jLK AvkÖq wb‡q‡Qb wcZv †gveviK Avwji g‡bvwPšÍ‡bi:
Ry¤§vi Ni G‡Kev‡i f‡i eviv›`vq ch©šÍ gymwjø‡`i wfo| ... †gveviK Avwj bvgv‡R
Dchy³ g‡bvwb‡ek Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| wbivKvi Avjøvi RvqMvq Zvi †PvL Ry‡o SuvSiv-
ey‡K wPr-n‡q-_vKv jvk| eyjyi Pyj ay‡q hv‡”Q Lv‡ji cvwb|... bvgv‡Ri ciI †Q‡jUv
Ii †PvL-Qvov nq bv| Zv _vK bv| Ii Rb¨ †gveviK Avwji Amyweav n‡”Q bv|5
AvLZvi“¾vgvb Bwjqv‡mi M‡í gyw³hy× 305

GLv‡b Pwi‡Îi AvšÍi‰PZ‡b¨i Av‡jv‡K MíKvi gyw³hyׇK gwngvwš^Z K‡ib

Abvqv‡mB| †gveviK Avwji wPšÍvKvVv‡gvq D™¢vwmZ n‡q‡Q knx` eyjyi ¯§„wZ| †eŠ‡Wvev
Lv‡ji weª‡Ri Ici wgwjUvwii Rxc Dwo‡q †`Iqvi ci gyw³‡hv×v eyjy knx` nb|
M‡íi ïiyi w`‡K †h †gveviK Avwj fxZ wQj, NUbvi µg-weKv‡ki ga¨ w`‡q †m
mvnmx Z_v Aw¯ÍZ¡Kvgx n‡q I‡V| Gi g~‡j i‡q‡Q cyÎ knx` eyjy Z_v e¨vcK A‡_©
gyw³‡mbv‡`i AvZ¥Z¨vM| cy‡Îi GB AvZ¥Z¨vM Zvi M‡e©i welq| †jLK †kl ch©šÍ
Zuv‡K ¯^vaxbZvhy‡× cyÎnviv AMY¨ wcZvi cÖwZ”Qwe wn‡m‡e wPwýZ K‡ib| †gveviK
Avwji i³v³ ü`q Avi evsjv‡`‡ki ü`q Bwjqv‡mi `„wó‡Z Awfbœ †`¨vZbv jvf
K‡i‡Q|Ò†iBb‡KvUÓ(1995) M‡íI †jLK AvZ¥K_bm~‡Î GKwU AvcvZ Qv-†cvlv
Pwi‡Îi cÖK…Z A‡_©B mvnmx n‡q IVvi †cQ‡b gyw³hy‡×i †PZbv‡K wµqvkxj †i‡L‡Qb
m‡PZbfv‡e| XvKvi GKwU K‡j‡Ri imvq‡bi cÖfvlK byyiyj ny`v‡K †jLK †Kej
GKwU †iBb‡Kv‡Ui eivZ w`‡q µgk mvnmx K‡i †Zv‡jb| ZvB wgwjUvwi‡`i cÖnvi
wg›Uzi †iBb‡KvU cwiav‡bi AwfÁZvjä byiyj û`vi wbKU:
g‡b n‡”Q †hb e„wó co‡Q wg›Uzi †iBb‡Kv‡Ui Ici| †iBb‡KvUUv Giv Ly‡j †d‡j‡Q,
†Kv_vq ivLj †K Rv‡b| wKš‘ Zvi Ig Zvi kix‡i GL‡bv †j‡MB i‡q‡Q| e„wói g‡Zv
Pvey‡Ki evwo c‡o Zvi †iBb‡Kv‡Ui g‡Zv Pvgovq Avi †m Aweivg e‡jB P‡j,
wgmwµ‡q›U‡`i wVKvbv Zvi Rvbv Av‡Q|...Zv‡`i m‡½ Zvi AuvZv‡Zi Awf‡hvM I Zv‡`i
m‡½ Zvi AuvZvZ ivLvi D‡ËRbvq byiyj û`vi SzjšÍ kixi GZUvB Kuv‡c †h Pvey‡Ki
6
evwoi w`‡K Zvi Avi g‡bv‡hvM †`Iqv n‡q I‡V bv|
wech©¯Í Rxe‡bi AR¯ª Aw¯’iZvi g‡a¨I Bwjqvm †iBb‡Kv‡Ui cÖZx‡K wbg©vY K‡ib
m¤¢vebvi wkíg~~wZ©| gyw³hy×Kvjxb gvby‡li ¯^vaxbZvi AvKv•ÿvi ¯§viK gyw³‡hv×v
wg›Uyi e¨eüZ †iBb‡KvUwU| k¨vjK wg›Uzi gyw³evwnbx‡Z †hvM`v‡bi Lei †Mvcb
ivL‡Z Pvievi evwo e`j K‡ib fxZz byyiyj û`v| A_P e„wómœvZ GK mKv‡j Zvi
ˆPZ‡b¨ †R‡M I‡V GK gyw³‡hv×vi mvnmx mËv| ZvB Pvey‡Ki AvNvZ Avi e„wói †duvUv
Zvi †PZbvq GKB †iLvq mgxK…Z n‡q †M‡Q, g‡bv‡jv‡K wZwb n‡q DV‡jb cy‡iv`¯‘i
GKRb gyw³‡hv×v| gyw³hy‡×i g‡a¨ wZwb †h K‡qKwU welq‡K Ôc‡RwUfÕ wn‡m‡e
†`‡L‡Qb Zvi GKwU n‡”Q gvby‡li GB cwiw¯’wZ-mÄvZ mvnwmKZv| Gi wecix‡Z
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wcIb BmnvK wgqvi cÖm½ G‡b:
wgwjUvwi cÖv`©yfv‡ei ci †_‡K Zv‡K †`‡L K‡j‡Ri mevB ZU¯’| GwcÖ‡ji ïiy †_‡K †m
evsjv ejv †Q‡o‡Q|... wcÖbwmc¨vj MvÆv‡MvÆv †eu‡ULv‡Uv gvbyl, wb‡Ri Pvcivwki m‡½
bZzb Reve je&R Ki‡Z wM‡q Mjvq Zvi i³ D‡V hvq, ÔBmvK wgqv, †`k‡Z eûZ gywmeZ
†nv inv n¨vq| cÖ‡dmi †jvK Av`wg‡Kv nuywkqvi _vK‡Z ewj‡q|Õ... ÔRiyi|Õ †`kjvB‡qi
KvwVi g‡Zv †ivMvcUKv kix‡ii Ici wdU-Kiv wf‡R eviy‡`i g‡Zv †QvÆ gv_vUv SuvwK‡q
BmnvK Av‡iv wZbevi m¤§wZ †`q, ÔRiyi, Riyi, Riyi|Õ7
306 evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU cwÎKv

cvKevwnbxi Kv‡Q AvZ¥wewµZ †Zvlvgy‡` GB †kÖYxi cªwZ †jL‡Ki g‡bv‡jv‡Ki †ÿvf

DwjøwLZ D×…wZi ga¨ w`‡q wewkó n‡q D‡V‡Q| †Zvlvgy‡` Bmnv‡Ki ˆ`wnK Mob‡K
wZwb mgxK…Z K‡i‡Qb †`kjvB‡qi KvwVi m‡½| †`kjvB‡qi KvwV †hgb Av¸b
R¡vjv‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i, †Zgwb †Zvlvgy‡`, †`k‡`ªvnx GB †kÖYxwUI nvbv`vi evwnbx‡K
mnvqZv K‡i ¯^‡`‡ki gvwU Avi gvby‡li cÖvY wb‡q eýy¨rm‡e †g‡ZwQj| ¯^KxqZv-
wbR¯^Zv we¯§„Z n‡q Zviv D¾xweZ n‡qwQj cvwK¯Ívbev`x Rxeb‡PZbvq| d‡j
¯^vaxbZv AR©‡bi c_ n‡q D‡VwQj AviI †ewk cÖwZeÜKZv msKyj| Ô71-GiGB
KóvwR©Z AR©b I †MŠie Ô72-G wfbœ i~c cwiMÖn K‡i, Ny‡i hvq RbRxe‡bi †gvo; hv
GKB m‡½ cv‡ë †`q Bwjqv‡mi M‡íiI eqb-†KŠkj|
2.
Bwjqv‡mi M‡íi cÖavb Ask Ry‡o i‡q‡Q ¯^vaxbZv-cieZ©x mgvR I Rxeb ev¯ÍeZvi
cÖm½| c‡j¯Íivi ci c‡j¯Íiv Ly‡j ¯^vaxbZv-DËi †Quov‡Luvov mg‡qi AuvKvov
ev¯ÍeZv‡K wZwb M‡íi welq K‡i‡Qb| ¯^vaxbZv-cieZ©x bZzb †`k I RvwZ MV‡bi
KvR ïiy n‡Z bv n‡ZB RvwZi Rb‡Ki nZ¨vKvÐ Avi †mB m~Î a‡i MYZš¿-
mgvRZ‡š¿i mgš^q cÖZ¨vkx †jvKZ‡š¿i Acg„Zz¨gq ev¯ÍeZvq w`Knxb, Avkvnxb
mgvRKvVv‡gvi D™¢U web¨vm Bwjqvm-ˆPZb¨‡K ¯^fveZB K‡i‡Q ÿZv³, †e`bvZ©|
wZwb hy×-cieZ©x mgq‡K e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb Gfv‡e: ÔAvm‡j gyw³hy‡×i c‡ii mgqUv †Zv
Pig frustrating; gyw³hy× wb‡q Avgv‡`i `viyY ¯^cœ wQj| †m wK mxgvnxb ¯^cœ| ...
gyw³hy× †Zv †Zgb organized wKQz wQ‡jv bv...Avi gyw³hy‡×i c‡ii mgqUv †Zv Pig
¯^cœfs‡Mi Kvj|Õ8 Bwjqvm GB mgq‡K M‡í wewPÎfv‡e Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb:
K. gyw³hy×wfwËK cÖZ¨vwkZ mgv‡Ri Abycw¯’wZ;
L. cÖwZwµqvkxj ga¨we‡Ëi AvwacZ¨ we¯Ívi; Ges
M. hy×-cieZ©x A_©bxwZi wef½ `kv|
K.
Ômgv‡Ri evYx Qvov Avgvi K¤§ bq, mgv‡Ri w`‡K †PvL †g‡j ZvKv‡j eis wb‡R‡K
wPb‡Z myweav nqÕ G ai‡bi GKwU `„wófw½ wb‡q Bwjqvm hy‡×vËi mgv‡Ri w`‡K
ZvwK‡qwQ‡jb| cÖ_g wek¦hy‡×i d‡j BD‡iv‡ci mgvR I Rxe‡b †h wei~c cwiw¯’wZi
m„wó n‡qwQj, wU.Gm. GwjqU (1888-1965) †hgb †mB mgvR‡K Ae‡jvKb
K‡iwQ‡jb I‡q÷j¨vÛ iƒ‡c; wVK †Zgwb gyw³hy‡×vËi mgvR Bwjqv‡mi †Pv‡L aiv
w`‡qwQj welv³ †duvovi~‡c| mgv‡Ri GB wef½ `kv Bwjqvm‡K ÿyä K‡i‡Q| wiKkv
kÖwg‡Ki msjv‡c †mB †ÿv‡fi ewntcÖKvk N‡U‡Q Gfv‡e:
... GB †duvovUv bv n‡j BMj¨vb Sv‡gjv nq? Avc‡b †KvÏ K‡ib Avi AvM K‡ib, nvwg
KB GB †duvov bv n‡j nvwg AvR †cv‡jvqv †Kvg©v bv n‡jI wLPwo Avi †Mviyi †MvkZ
e¨vUv-wewUi gy‡LvZ wVKB Zzj¨v w`Zvg|... wiKkvIqvjv e‡j, Ô`¨v‡Lb bv, kvjvi KZ
e‡ov †duvov!...ÔfvBRvb, †duvovUv `¨v‡Lb, GB †h `¨v‡Lb! A³ eviv‡”Q †Mv!9
AvLZvi“¾vgvb Bwjqv‡mi M‡í gyw³hy× 307

GB †duvov AeÿwqZ mgv‡Ri cÖZxK| G‡K mgKvjxb bócÖvq mgv‡Ri cÖwZi~cK

wn‡m‡e bv ai‡j Ò†duvovÓ(1980) M‡íi g~jfv‡ei m‡½ cvV‡Ki c‡ÿ cy‡ivcywi
GKvZ¥ nIqv m¤¢e n‡q I‡V bv| cÖZxKi~‡c M„nxZ GB †duvov mgvR‡`‡ni ùxZ I
cPbkxj Ask hv my¯’ I m¦vfvweK mgvRMwZ‡K e¨vnZ K‡i‡Q| Bwjqvm jÿ¨ K‡i‡Qb
†h, Avm‡j GKwU eµ I †gKx MwZ‡Z mgvR G¸‡Z ïiy K‡i‡Q| me©Î GKUv
wg_¨vPv‡ii ev¯ÍeZv Zuvi `„wó‡Z cÖKU n‡q DVwQj|
msL¨vjNy-mgm¨vi †h i³exR cvwK¯Ívb Avg‡jB Dß n‡qwQj, gyw³hy‡×vËi mg‡qi
bvbvgyLx msK‡Ui g‡a¨ myweavev`x‡`i ˆZwi Kiv AbyK‚j cwi‡e‡k Zv AviI dz‡j-
†du‡c I‡V; Amv¤úª`vwqK †PZbvq Rb¥ †bIqv evsjv‡`k‡K AvµgY K‡i evisevi|
Bwjqv‡mi `„wó‡Z Ôminority supressionÕ-Gi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg| ¯^vaxbZvi Av‡M I
c‡i ivRbxwZi bv‡g msL¨vjNy‡`i Ici wbh©vZb envj wQj| Ô46-Gi `v½v, Ô47- Gi
†`kfvM Dm&‡K †`q mv¤úª`vwqK †f`bxwZ, hvi d‡j msL¨vjNy Rb‡Mvôxi Rxe‡b †b‡g
Av‡m Pig wecbœZv| Bwjqvm GB bócÖvq-mgv‡Ri cÖZ¨ÿ`k©x K_vwkíx| †mR‡b¨B
jÿYxq †h, wkíxg‡bi `vq‡eva †_‡K wZwb G msKU‡K †QvUM‡íi cÖKi‡Y web¨¯Í
K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi g‡Z, ÔGLv‡b wn›`yiv mv‡cÖmW Avwg †mUvB ej‡Z †P‡qwQ|... †h †`‡k
†h mv‡cÖkb Av‡Q †mLvbKvi †jL‡Kiv ZvB wb‡q wjL‡eb|Õ10 g~jZ cvwK¯Ívb Ôbv-cvKÕ
D‡Ïk¨ wb‡q cÖwZwôZ cÖwZwµqvkxj Nivbvi GKwU ivóª| cwðg cvwK¯Ívb hLb c~e©
cvwK¯Ívb AvµgY K‡i ZLb mvaviY gvby‡li m‡½ †ewk K‡i wecv‡K c‡o wn›`y
m¤úª`vq| Aw¯ÍZ¡iÿvi ZvwM‡` Zviv AvkÖq †bq cvk¦©eZx© †`k fvi‡Z| GB Awbevh©
cjvqbciZv Bwjqvm-m„ó Pwiθ‡jvi g‡bvRM‡Z AšÍ`©v‡ni m„wó K‡i‡Q| ¯^vaxbZv-
DËiKv‡j mgiwRr-Gi Abyfvebvq ZviB Av‡jL¨ wbwg©Z n‡q‡Q Ò†LuvqvwiÓM‡í:
dviy‡Ki K_v m¤ú~Y© nIqvi Av‡MB mgiwR‡Zi kix‡ii i³ DRvb D‡V e‡m Zvi
K‡ivwUi Qv‡`, Qv‡`i ex‡g Ges †gN n‡q wKQzÿY _g‡K †_‡K Ae‡k‡l e„wócvZ ïiy
K‡i| GB e„wói Drm K‡ivwUi †gN, K‡ivwUi †g‡Ni Drm Zvi kix‡ii i³| myZivs
el©‡Yi iOI jvj, Aweivg jvj e„wócvZ †Pv‡Li mvg‡b GKwU mxgvnxb Rjc`©v UvwO‡q
†`q| c`©vq `¨vLv hvq, nvRvi nvRvi gvby‡li m‡½ mgiwRrI cvwj‡q hv‡”Q|... mvZ
AvU gvBj ci b`xi `wÿY cvo Ry‡o `» Rbc`, Sjmv‡bv MvQcvjv, b`x‡Z ¸wj-we×
†du‡U-IVv jvk‡`i Rj‡Kwj  me g‡b Av‡Q| wKš‘ n‡j wK n‡e, e„wói Nb c`©vq me
Qvqv d¨v‡j wmjy¨‡q‡Ui g‡Zv| Kv‡bi cvZjv c`©vq Xv‡Ki g‡Zv ev‡R †Kej S‡oi
g‡a¨ cÖej e„wócvZ|11
Pwi‡Îi ¯§„wZPviYv-m~‡Î GLv‡b †hvwRZ n‡q‡Q gyw³hy‡×i Abyl½, hv Bwjqv‡mi iPbvi
Ab¨Zg ˆewkó¨| mgiwR‡Zi K‡ivwU g~jZ Zvi ˆPZb¨| Zvi ˆPZb¨ Av‡jvwoZ nq
i³Siv †mB hy×w`‡bi ¯§„wZK_vq| Kíbvi Wvbvq fi K‡i Gfv‡eB MíKvi Pwi·K
wb‡q †M‡Qb gyw³hy‡×i c‡U| ¯^vaxbZvi ci †`‡k wd‡i G‡mI ¯^w¯ÍKi cwi‡ek cvqwb
308 evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU cwÎKv

GB gvbyl¸‡jv| Bwjqv‡mi ÒAb¨ N‡i Ab¨ ¯^iÓM‡íi cÖ`x‡ci I bbx`vi cwiev‡ii

nvjPv‡jI GB mZ¨B D‡V G‡m‡Q:
iv‡Î LvIqvi ci Mí Ki‡Z Ki‡Z bbx`v e‡j, ÔwK‡mi weR‡bm? GB `¨v‡k K¨vg‡b
_vwK? weR‡bm GÆy hw` fv‡jv nB‡Q †Zv Pv›`v jBqv jBqv e¨vKwU cqmv LmvBqv
jB‡ev|...mßvi g‡a¨ wZbLvb PvBiLvb Kbdv‡iÝ, m‡¤§jb, mgv‡ek jvBMvB iB‡Q|
cqmv Av`v‡qi dw›`, eySwj bv?12
Puv`vevwR, †Rv”Pzwi gyw³hy‡×vËi mg‡qi mgMÖ mgv‡Ri wPÎ n‡jI msL¨vjNy‡`i Ici
Gi cÖfve †ewk c‡owQj| msL¨vjNy bbx, Zvi e¨emv I cwiev‡i †b‡g Av‡m Pig
wech©q| ÿgZvmxb `‡ji A_©wjáy I ¯^v_©vÜ gvbwmKZv mgv‡Ri †giy`ÐwU `yg‡o gyP‡o
w`‡qwQj| we‡eKevb I gbyl¨Z¡‡ev‡a D¾xweZ gvbevZ¥v‡K cxwoZ K‡i‡Q GB
k¦vmiy×Ki cwi‡ek| Bwjqvm LwÐZ `„wó‡KvY †_‡K mgq I mgvR‡K we‡kølY K‡ibwb;
Zuvi `„wó wQj mgMÖZvi w`‡K| Avi †mR‡b¨B m`¨-¯^vaxb †`‡ki wPwKrmv e¨e¯’vi
bvRyK Ae¯’vI Zuvi `„wómxgvq RvqMv K‡i wb‡q‡Q Ges mgKvjxb Ab¨vb¨
K_vmvwnwZ¨‡Ki g‡Zv wPwšÍZ I e¨w_Z K‡i‡Q| Ò†hvMv‡hvMÓ M‡í ¯^í cwim‡i n‡jI
welqwU cvV‡Ki ÁvZv‡_© Dc¯’vcb Ki‡jb †jLK| MíwUi g~jwelq wfbœ n‡jI †jLK
m‡PZbfv‡e Zz‡j a‡ib ¯^vaxbZv-DËi mg‡qi wPwKrmvi Am½wZ; Zuvi `„wó‡Z XvKvi
nvmcvZvj¸wj †hb gvbyl gvi‡Yi d¨v±wi‡Z cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| ¯^vaxbZvi ci G‡`‡ki
nvmcvZvj¸‡jv‡Z wPwKrmvi bv‡g †h wbg©g-wbôyi cÖnmb P‡j‡Q GLv‡b †mw`‡KB
Bw½Z Ki‡jb MíKvi| huviv Rxeb evwR †i‡L ciZš¿g³ y GKwU f~LÐ G‡bwQ‡jb,
Zuv‡`i g‡a¨ huviv AvnZ Ae¯’vq wd‡i G‡mwQ‡jb, Zuviv DËiKv‡j h_vh_ wPwKrmv bv
†c‡q KL‡bv KL‡bv webv wPwKrmvq cÖvY nvwi‡qwQ‡jb| ¸wUK‡qK weËev‡bi `ytkvm‡b
fiv G‡`‡k mvaviY K…lK-kÖwgK b¨vh¨ wPwKrmv cvq bv| GB ev¯ÍeZv we‡ePbv K‡i
†jLK g‡b K‡ib G‡`i euvPv‡Z n‡j ga¨we‡Ëi ev cvwZ-ey‡R©vqvi †gwK wecøe bq,
cÖ‡qvRb cÖK…Z wecøe I mvnm, hv 1971-G evOvwj †`wL‡qwQj cvKevwnbxi weiy‡×|
L.
cvwK¯Ívb c‡e©i A_©wccvmy‡Mvôxi DËivwaKvi enb K‡i ¯^vaxbZv-DËi Kv‡j M‡o
DV‡Z ïiæ K‡i GKwU myweavev`x †kÖYx| ¯^v_©me©¯^ GB †kÖYxwU GKvˇii g~j¨‡eva‡K
RjvÄwj w`‡Z GZUzKz KzwÉZ nqwb| Zviv Ggbfv‡e dz‡j-†du‡c D‡VwQj, hv‡K ejv
†h‡Z cv‡i ÔAvOzj dy‡j KjvMvQÕ nIqv| d‡j mgv‡R †kvlK-†kvwl‡Zi wPivqZ
wefvRbwU Av‡iv cÖKU AvKvi aviY K‡i, hv gyw³hy‡×vËi mgv‡R cÖZ¨vwkZ wQj bv|
mgvR m‡PZb GB wkíx Ôevsjv‡`k †jLK wkweiÕ-Gi m‡½ mswkøóZv-m~‡Î Av‡iv
Mfxifv‡e cwiwPZ nb mgvR¯’ †kªYx-†f`bxwZi m‡½ Ges †m AwfÁZv I Dcjwä‡K
Zz‡j Av‡bb †QvUM‡íi K_vkix‡i| G K_v ej‡j AZz¨w³ n‡e bv †h, mgvR‡K wZwb
†hfv‡e †kÖYxm‡PZb exÿv †_‡K we‡kølY K‡i‡Qb Zv Avm‡j gyw³hy‡×i †PZbvi m‡½
AvLZvi“¾vgvb Bwjqv‡mi M‡í gyw³hy× 309

cÖvmw½K| †Kbbv wZwb g‡b K‡ib, Ôgvby‡li kvwmZ ¯ú„nv I `wgZ msKí‡K AveR©bvi
†fZi †_‡K Luy‡R evi K‡i Avbvi `vwqZ¡I eZ©vq K_vmvwnwZ¨‡Ki Nv‡o| mgv‡Ri
cÖej fvOPzi, mgvR e¨e¯’vq bZzb bZzb kw³ I Drcv`‡bi ms‡hvM cÖf…wZi d‡j
gvby‡li Mfxi †fZ‡ii i`e`‡ji ch©‡eÿY I AbymÜv‡bi Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ †QvUM‡íi
kix‡iI cwie©Zb NU‡Z eva¨|Õ13
¯^vaxbZv hy×Kv‡ji A`g¨ B”Qvkw³ I ¯^c-œ mva-Avkv-AvKv•ÿv hy‡×vËiKv‡j µ‡g Zv
†fRvj¯^‡cœ cwiYZ nq| ÒRvj ¯^cœ ¯^‡cœi RvjÓ (Rvj ¯^cœ ¯^‡cœi Rvj)M‡í †jLK
gyw³hy‡×i NUbv cÖevn ¯^vaxbZv-DËi bZzb cÖR‡b¥i mvg‡b †g‡j ai‡jb AZxZ-
K_bixwZ‡Z (d¬vke¨vK)| MíwUi Mo‡b †jLK m‡PZbfv‡e gyw³hy‡×i UzK‡iv UzK‡iv
NUbv †hvRbv K‡i‡Qb (†hgb, bvix‡`i nvbv`vi evwnbxi nv‡Z Zy‡j †`Iqv, ew¯Í‡Z
Av¸b †`Iqv BZ¨vw`)| G M‡í we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL‡hvM¨ PwiÎ knx` gyw³‡hv×v
BgvgywÏi mšÍvb ey‡jU| wcZvi msMªvgx f‚wgKvi Mí ï‡b ï‡b gyw³hy× wb‡q ¯^cœ-
Kíbvq gv‡Z 1971 mv‡j Rb¥ †bqv ey‡jU PwiÎwU:
Zviv m¤ú~Y© A`„k¨ nIqvi Av‡MB Ny‡gi g‡a¨B ey‡jU Mwo‡q c‡o Ab¨ ¯^‡cœ| GLv‡b †m
wb‡R‡K †`L‡Z cvq nvDm wewìs K‡c©v‡ik‡bi DuPz Qv‡`i Ici| ...AvR wK
niZvjÑUiZvj Av‡Q? wgwUs n‡”Q bvwK? ¯^‡cœi †fZ‡iB GBme fvebvq †m Aw¯’i, GB
†jvKwUi †bZ…‡Z¡ Ij&Uv‡bv cv-Iqvjvi GKwU cvwU© ey‡j‡Ui w`‡K †Z‡o G‡mwQj...
†jvKwUi cv‡qi cvZv‡Rvov †givgZ Ki‡Z n‡j I¸‡jv Av‡M †d‡j †`Iqv `iKvi Ñ
GB we‡ePbvq ey‡jU Iw`‡K Kx Quyo‡e ZvB wb‡q †ek fvebvq c‡o| ...GB iKg fve‡Z
fve‡Z Zvi e‡Çv †c”Qve Pv‡c| ...GK iKg eva¨ n‡qB ey‡jU Qv` †_‡K njy`
cÖ¯ªv‡ei aviv eB‡q †`q wb‡Pi w`‡K| ...GBmgq Nyg †f‡O †M‡j ey‡jU Zvi jyw½‡Z
cvwbi Aí Zvc cvq Ges D‡V †`‡L Zvi jyw½ †Zv e‡UB, GgbwK Zvi Wvbw`‡K †kvqv
nv‡k‡gi gv‡qi †cvjv nv‡k‡gi nvdc¨v›U m¤ú~Y© wf‡R †M‡Q|14
Bwjqv‡mi †SuvK †h eiveiB wW‡UB‡ji w`‡K; Ic‡ii ¯^cœ`„‡k¨ Zvi cÖgvY †g‡j|
DËi cÖRb¥‡K wZwb wek eQi c~‡e©i gyw³hy‡×i mgqc‡U wb‡q †M‡Qb ¯^cœWvbvq fi
K‡i| ey‡j‡Ui Aw¯Í‡Z¡i Aej¤^bI Avm‡j Zv-B| AcPq Avi AwbðqZvi GB hy‡M
gyw³hy‡×i †MŠieMv_v †Kej ¯§„wZK_b wKsev cÖZ¨ÿ AwfÁZvi Mí wn‡m‡e _vK‡Z
cv‡i bv, Mí ZvB Xz‡K c‡o gvby‡li ˆPZ‡b¨, fvebv-Kíbvq| ¯^vaxbZv-DËi c‡e© †h
wek„•Lj ivR‰bwZK aviv MwR‡q D‡VwQj, †m-ivRbxwZi cÖwZ †jL‡Ki g‡bvfve me©Î
kÖ×vc~Y© wQj bv| †m ivRbxwZ Zuvi wbKU gvbe‡`‡ni eR©¨ Zzj¨, ey‡j‡Ui cÖ¯ªveZzj¨|
wØavnxbfv‡e wZwb G mv`„k¨-m~Î wbg©vY K‡i i~p ev¯ÍeZv‡K kvwYZfvlvi `xw߇Z fv¯^i
K‡i Zz‡j‡Qb| Ab¨w`‡K, Zuvi Bw½ZgqZv Avðh© iK‡gi wfbœ Avi e¨Äbvgq| Pwi‡Îi
bvg w`‡q‡Qb ey‡jU| Ôey‡jUÕ GB GKwU gvÎ k‡ã AvfvwmZ n‡q‡Q GKvˇii i³Siv
BwZnvm| ey‡jU, gyw³‡hv×vi mšÍvb ¯^vaxbZv-DËi mgv‡R †m Avkªq cvq bv| Zv‡K
RxweKvi ZvwM‡` AvkÖq wb‡Z nq ¯^vaxbZv we‡ivax kw³i aviK bvwRi Avwji wbKU|
310 evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU cwÎKv

GB ey‡jU‡K wb‡q cÖwZwµqvkxj bvwRi Avwji fvebv, Ô... GKUv gyw³‡hv×vi †Q‡j
gv‡b GKUv †`‡ki A¨v‡mU, KLb Kx nq †K Rv‡b?ÕÑ bvwRi Avwji GB fvebvi g‡a¨
ms¸ß i‡q‡Q GKvˇii exi‡hv×v‡`i mvnmx c`‡ÿc| GKvˇi hviv gyw³‡mbv‡`i
mvnwmKZvq fxZ wQj, GKvËi-cieZ©xKv‡j †mB †hv×v‡`i DËivwaKvix‡`i wb‡qI
Zviv wPwšÍZ †_‡K‡Q| †jLK AveviI †mB mvn‡mi wWm‡Kvm© wbg©vY Ki‡jb GLv‡b|
`~wlZ, cw¼j G ivRbxwZi cÖwZ †jL‡Ki exZivM my¯úó| Avi ZvB cÖwZcÿ wn‡m‡e
Pwi‡Îi nv‡Z Zy‡j w`‡q‡Qb Ô71-Gi †mB †÷bMvb:
AvKv‡ki w`‡K gyL Zzj‡j wgwj †Ui cvq †h Pvwiw`‡Ki evZvm Pvcv n‡q Avm‡Q| Puv`
Zvn‡j GZÿ‡Y kÎyi Kâvq P‡j †M‡Q| `LjKvix †mbvevwnbxi GKbvMvo †evgvevwR‡Z
Puv‡`i nvév gvwUi ayjv Ges eviy‡`i KYv wb‡P S‡i c‡o‡Q| †iv` I evZvm ZvB
†auvqv‡U I fvwi, k¦vm wb‡Z Kó n‡”Q ˆe wK! nv‡Zi †÷bMv‡bi B¯úv‡Z AvOzj eyjv‡Z
eyjv‡Z cv‡qi cvZvq Pvc w`‡q wgwj Av‡iv Ic‡i †`Lvi †Póv K‡i|...Gevi GKUv
Dovj †`Iqvi Rb¨ wgwj cv SvÞvq|15
¯^vaxb †`k GLv‡b Puv‡`i i~cKí wn‡m‡e M„nxZ n‡q‡Q| ¯^vaxbZvi ci †ewkifvM mgq
†mbvkvmb _vKvq f~jywÉZ n‡qwQj MYZvwš¿K †eva I RbM‡Yi cÖZ¨vkvmg~n|
myweavev`x GKwU †kÖYx †gKx †`k‡cÖg Avi AcivRbxwZ‡Z wjß n‡q `ywe©ln cwiw¯’wZ
m„wó K‡iwQj| wgwji fvB I Zvi fvB‡qi bvgnxb eÜzgnj GB KjywlZ ivRbxwZ‡K
jvjb K‡i‡Q| GB †kÖYxi cÖwZ †jL‡Ki wei~c g‡bvfve mn‡RB Aby‡gq|
wgwji g‡Zv wK‡kvixi nv‡Z Bwjqvm Zz‡j w`‡jb A¯¿| welqwU we‡klfv‡e Bw½Zc~Y©|
wgwj GLv‡b i~cK, †m (bvix) mZZvi cÖZxK| Bwjqvm KjywlZ GB mgvR-ivRbxwZi
†cÖÿvc‡U wgwj‡K Mo‡jb wb®‹jyl cÖwZgv i~‡c| Avevi, AveŸvm cvMjv GKRb
gyw³‡hv×v| wKš‘ gyw³hy‡×vËiKv‡j †m mK‡ji `„wó‡Z GKwU A¯^vfvweK Pwi‡Î cwiYZ
n‡q‡Q| mgv‡Ri `„wó‡Z Amy¯’, A¯^vfvweK PwiÎ n‡jI Rxeb‡PZbvq †mI wKš‘ GB
M‡í ïå I ï×Zvi cÖZxKx aviK| Zvi GB mZZv nqZ mgv‡Ri gvby‡li Kv‡Q
nvm¨i‡mi D‡`ªK NUvq| wKš‘ Gi ga¨ w`‡q †h evZ©vwU Bwjqvm †cuŠ‡Q w`‡Z Pvb Zv
n‡jv: AveŸvm †÷bMvb Pv‡”Q Kj¨v‡Yi R‡b¨, Avi hyeKiv A¯¿ Pv‡”Q AKj¨v‡Yi
R‡b¨| wgwj I AveŸvm cvMjv G M‡í †jL‡Ki Afxó jÿ¨ c~i‡Yi nvwZqvi| A_P
my¯’ Rxe‡b wd‡i Avmvi ci †m hyeK‡`i m‡½ wg‡j e¨emv Ki‡Z Pv‡”Q| †`Lv hv‡”Q
†h, Amy¯’ Ae¯’vq †m ï×mËv jvjb K‡i‡Q, hv †m nvwi‡q †d‡j mgvR-cÖZ¨vwkZ
my¯’Zvi Kv‡j| Av‡kcv‡ki gvbyl Zvi †h A¯^vfvweKZ¡ wb‡q we`ªƒc K‡i‡Q, Zv-B
cÖK…Zc‡ÿ AveŸv‡mi me‡‡P‡q Kvg¨ Ae¯’v| g~jZ AveŸvm cvMjvi g‡Zv ï×
†`k‡PZbvq RvMÖZ gvbe‰PZb¨ GB k¦vmiy×Ki cwiw¯’wZ‡Z A¯^vfvweK n‡q D‡VwQj,
nvwi‡q †d‡jwQj Rxeb-R¨vwgwZi ¯^vfvweK m~Îmg~n| GLv‡b wgwj I AveŸv‡mi e¨w³K
¯^‡ii ga¨ w`‡q cÖwZwew¤^Z n‡q‡Q mvgwóK ¯^vwaKvi I cÖwZev`x †PZbv|
AvLZvi“¾vgvb Bwjqv‡mi M‡í gyw³hy× 311

wech©¯Í GB mg‡qi mšÍvb †h ga¨weË †kÖYx, Zviv n‡q I‡V AšÍtmvik~b¨-wØavmsKzj-

Kíbvq we‡fvi, Av`k©Pz¨Z-PvUzKvi| GivB hy‡×vËi evsjv‡`‡ki KvÐvixi~‡c wPwýZ|
A_P GB †kÖYxwU cÖvqkB n‡q c‡o †giy`ÐweewR©Z, †Ku‡Pv m`„k| Zv‡`i cÖwZ †jL‡Ki
g‡bvfve †kølvZ¥K| g‡¯‹vcš’x evg ivRbxwZi bv‡g hviv gv‡Zvqviv n‡qwQj
(ÒcÖwZ‡kvaÓ M‡í Imgv‡bi fwMœcwZ nv‡kg) bó-ˆbwZKZvnxb I myweavev`x
ivRbxwZ‡Z, Zv‡`i cÖwZ †jL‡Ki GK ai‡bi wZh©K `„wó‡KvY G M‡í Lye mn‡RB
jÿYxq| Avevi DËiKv‡ji Dw™¢bœ ga¨we‡Ëi g‡a¨ Bwjqvm jÿ¨ K‡i‡Qb †ÿvf| wKš‘
†mB †ÿvf †Kej Zv‡`i gMœˆPZb¨‡K Av”Qbœ K‡i _v‡K| †hgb, ÒcÖwZ‡kvaÓ M‡í
NvZK fwMœcwZi cÖwZ Imgv‡bi gbbf~wgi †µva ev †ÿvf jÿYxq:
iW wb‡q †Lj‡Z †Lj‡Z nVvr G‡Kev‡i AZwK©‡Z nv‡k‡gi gv_vq 1Uv jvwM‡q `vI|
A_ev i‡Wi 1Uv gv_v hw` wVKg‡Zv †muwa‡q †`Iqv hvq Ii gv_vi wVK gvSLvbUvq...
Imgvb GB `„k¨ KL‡bv †Pv‡L `¨v‡Lwb, wm‡bgv‡ZI bv| Zey †ek †evSv hvq, Zxÿè
avivq cÖevwnZ nq i³; gv_vi Ici †Nvjv‡U kv`v cvLv jvj n‡q †M‡jv| cvLvi NyišÍ
†eø‡Wi Kj¨v‡Y i³v³ n‡jv Pviw`‡Ki †`Iqvj, Mwo‡q wb‡P c‡o †M‡jv Imgv‡bi
jvk| ey‡Ki n„`wcÐ wQu‡o hvq GB `„k¨ †`‡L, †m Ic‡i ZvKv‡jv|... wePwjZ n‡q
Imgvb GKUz Suy‡K wb‡P †`L‡jv| Lye e¨¯Í nv‡Z ZvovZvwo K‡i †m Quy‡o †dj‡jv †jvnvi
iWUv|16
hy×-cieZ©x DVwZ abev`x mgv‡Ri cÖwZf~ Aveyj nv‡k‡gi cÖwZ Zxeª cÖwZwnsmv,
cÖwZ‡kva¯c„nv Imgv‡bi g‡bvRMZ‡KB Av‡jvwoZ-we‡jvwoZ K‡i| wKš‘ Zvi
g‡bvwPšÍ‡bi ev¯Íe i~c `ywb©ixÿ¨| †fZ‡i †fZ‡i cÖwZev`‡PZbv‡K jvjb Ki‡jI
cÖKv‡k¨ Zviv g~jZ Av‡cvmKvgx nq| G n‡jv ga¨weËxq †`vjvPje„wË| cy‡iv MíwU
Ry‡o i‡q‡Q †Kej cÖwZ‡kva bv wb‡Z cvivi wbõj Avùvjb| GB AšÍ©Ø‡›Øi d‡j
AwaKvsk mgq Bwjqv‡mi PwiÎiv n‡q I‡V weKviMÖ¯Í|
M.
mvaviY gvbyl †Kv‡bv we‡kl ¯^v_©‡K mvg‡b †i‡L hy× K‡iwb| cieZx©Kv‡j jÿ jÿ
knx‡`i i‡³i wewbg‡q AwR©Z ¯^vaxbZv Avi gyw³hy‡×i `k©b‡K †L‡jv ivRbxwZ‡Z
cwiYZ K‡iwQj ÿgZvmxb GKwU Pµ| Avi G‡Z K‡i gyw³‡hv×vi AKíbxq Z¨vM-
wZwZÿv wb`viyYfv‡e e¨_©Zvq ch©ewmZ nq| A‡bK mv‡ai ¯^vaxbZvi ga¨ w`‡q
A_©‰bwZK gyw³ †g‡jwb| gyw³hy‡×vËi Kv‡j gywó‡gq e¨w³i ¯^v_©, `ybx©wZcivqY
gvbwmKZv BZ¨vw`i d‡j e„nËi RbRxe‡b Pig nZvkvi m„wó n‡qwQj| Abycg †m‡bi
fv‡l¨Ñ Óiv‡óªi AbyK~‡j AvR hLb gywó‡gq fvM¨evb e¨w³i Hk¦h© I AvKv•ÿv MMb
¯úk© Ki‡Q ZLb †`‡ki RbMY µgk µgea©gvb ˆe‡`wkK FY, ÿzav, g~L©Zv, `vwi`ª¨
I ¯^v¯’¨nxb wbRx©eZvi AZj AÜKv‡i Zwj‡q hv‡”Q|Ó17 e¯‘Z †`k ¯^vaxb n‡jI
wbgœwe‡Ëi Rxe‡bi †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b N‡U bv, Zv‡`i GZUzKz ¯^v`-Avn¬v`I Ac~Y© †_‡K
312 evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU cwÎKv

hvq| hv‡`i †PZbvq gyw³hy× Avi †eu‡P _vKv mgv_©K †`¨vZbv jvf K‡iwQj,wKš‘
DËiKv‡ji cwiw¯’wZ wQj Zv‡`i ¯^‡cœi D‡ëvwcV| GB cwiw¯’wZ ch©‡eÿY K‡i
ÒNi‡Miw¯’Ó (bvgnxb †MvÎnxb) M‡í nvmvb AvwRRyj nK †hme cÖkœ Zy‡j w`‡q‡Qb
ivgki‡Yi K‡É Zvi ev¯ÍeNwbô cÖvšÍwU cÖm½Z D‡jøL¨:
¯^vaxb nBwQ Avgiv  N„Yvq Avi iv‡M ivgki‡Yi Mjvq AvIqvR wPo †L‡q †Mj,
¯^vaxb nBwQ Zv‡Z Avgvi ev‡ci wK? Avwg †Zv GB †`wn, MZ eQi civ‡Yi f‡q
cvjvjvg B‡Ûq  bUv gvm k¨vj KzKz‡ii g‡Zv KvwU‡q wd‡i Avjvg ¯^vaxb `¨v‡k|
Avevi †mB k¨vj KzKz‡ii e¨vcvi|...¯^vaxbUv wK, Auv? Avwg LvwZ cvjvg bv  †QvIqvj
wg‡q ïwK‡q g‡i, ¯^vaxbUv †Kuvqv‡b? wiwj‡di jvB‡b `uvovI dwK‡ii g‡Zv... Avwg
ejwZwQ wK- ¯^vaxb nBwQ bv wK nBwQ Avwg †evS‡ev †Kgb K‡i? Av‡M GÆv wf‡U wQ‡jv,
GLb ZvI †bB| Avwg ¯^vaxb wKwm?18

¯^vaxb †`k wb‡q mvaviY gvby‡li ¯^cœ-Kíbv hLb e¨_©Zvi P~ovšÍ ch©v‡q DcbxZ nq,
ZLb KL‡bv KL‡bv Zviv cÖwZev`x n‡q I‡V| d‡j mgv‡Ri AšÍ¯Í‡j Awbevh©fv‡e
`vbv euva‡Z ïiy K‡iwQj f~wgnxb Avi ¸wUK‡qK f~cwZi ga¨Kvi Ø›Ø| GB Øvw›ØK
mgvRKvVv‡gv cÖZxKx D‡b¥vPb jÿYxq Òcv‡qi wb‡P RjÓM‡í| cvUMvQ †ÿ‡Zi cÖvq
me dmj‡K Qvwc‡q †hgb †e‡o I‡V, †Zgwb hy‡×vËiKv‡j KwZcq ¯^v_©v‡š^lx e¨w³i
DÌvb N‡U gvbemgv‡R| AvjZvd †gŠjwei m~‡Î evsjv‡`‡ki MÖvgxY †RvZ`v‡ii †kvlY
cÖwµqv GLv‡b wPývwqZ n‡q‡Q| Zuvi g‡Z, †RvZ`vi ¯^vaxbZvi c~‡e© I c‡i Av_©-
mvgvwRK c‡U `yj©f wQj bv| Zuvi ivR‰bwZK wek¦vm‡ev‡ai GKwU we‡kl RvqMv Ry‡o
weivwRZ GB eÂbvi BwZnvm| cÖK…Z A‡_© wbgœeMx©q RxebKvVv‡gv meKv‡j, mehy‡M
GKB; wi³ZvB Zv‡`i GKgvÎ wPývqK| G‡`‡ki gvbyl ciZ‡š¿i nvZ †_‡K gy³ n‡q
AvU‡K c‡o‡Q abZ‡š¿i Ke‡j| `Lj`vwiZ¡g~jK g‡bvfve n‡jv DVwZ Rwg`viZ‡š¿i
†gŠj PvwiΨ| gymwjg jxM, KwgDwbRg, be¨-¯^vaxb †`‡ki ÿgZvmxb `j 
BwZnv‡mi GBme Ø›Øc~Y© ivRˆbwZK gvÎv¸‡jv‡K Awfbœ AvL¨v‡b myweb¨¯Í K‡i Bwjqvm
g~jZ †RvZ`vwi gvbwmKZvi eqvb K‡i‡Qb Ò`LjÓ(`y‡afv‡Z DrcvZ) M‡í:
... eq¯‹ †jvKwU Zvi K_vq Avgj bv w`‡q e‡j, ÔZzwg evc& †Zvgvi `v`vi mv‡_ nvZ
wgjvI K¨v KI? †Zvgvi `v`v †ZvgvK m¤úwË w`we? †Zvgvi PvPv,Ñ ZuvB cqmvi †RuvK,
wcucovi †Mvqv wUc¨v ZuvB ¸‡oi Am evi K‡i, ZuvB †ZvgvK Rwgi fvM w`we?19

Bwjqv‡mi K_bwek¦ GgbB: mZZ RbRxeb msjMœ, g„wËKvkÖqx, cÖvK…Z gvby‡li

Rxebvbyl½x, mvejxj I mnR‡eva¨ ¸‡Y F×| †kvlK †kÖYx‡K wZwb i³‡Pvlv †Ruv‡Ki
m‡½ mgxK…Z K‡i‡Qb| wZwb Avg„Zz¨ Aej¤^b K‡i‡Qb †kvwl‡Zi cÿÑ Zuvi wkíxmËvi
gvbeZv‡ev‡ai g~jm~Î GLv‡bB wbwnZ| GB †PZbv‡ev‡ai Askx`vi wn‡m‡e wZwb
KL‡bv KL‡bv †kvwlZ †kÖYx‡K HK¨e× K‡i Zz‡j‡Qb| Ô¯^vaxb †`‡ki g‡a¨ kvjviv
AvLZvi“¾vgvb Bwjqv‡mi M‡í gyw³hy× 313

Av‡iK †`k evbvqÕ GB †ev‡a DcbxZ n‡q ZvB Zuvi M‡í msMÖv‡g wjß nq
†kvwl‡Ziv|
†gvqv‡¾g †nv‡mb Gme fve‡Z bv fve‡Z cwðgw`‡K AR¯ª gvby‡li mg‡eZ c`aŸwb
Ges ivB‡d‡ji AvIqvR Kv‡b Av‡m|... gvby‡li wPrKvi GLb Lye cÖKU| Zvn‡j
KuvVvj‡cuvZvi gvbyl wK we‡ji meUv `Lj K‡i Gevi Gcv‡i P‡j Avm‡Q? ... †gvqv‡¾g
†nv‡mb Kuvc‡Z Kuvc‡Z e‡j, Ô†Kb?Õ ...Ô†dvm© †Zv Avm‡Q| Z‡Zvÿ‡Y Avgiv wK
_vK‡ev? GB evwoi wK”Qz ivL‡e bv Iiv! †Zvgvi ev‡ci Kei Qvov GB evwoi wKQz
Qvo‡e bv| me aŸsm Ki‡e| me©bvk n‡e|... †cQ‡b nvRvi nvRvi gvby‡li nv‡Z Kv‡¯Í,
mowK, jvwV I `v| BKevj GUzKz Rv‡b †h, GB †Mvóxe× gvbyl e‡ov‡Rvo mKvj ch©šÍ
wUK‡e|... wU‡K _vK‡e †Kej Ii ev‡ci Kei|... GB Ke‡i †gvqv‡¾g †nv‡m‡bi
_vKvi Kx AwaKvi? ... wecyj mg‡eZ c`hvÎvq cÖPÐ aŸwb ïb‡Z ïb‡Z BKev‡ji †PvL
PKPK K‡i, wRf w`‡q †m †VuvU Pv‡U|20
gyw³hyׇK wZwb Ôglorify’ K‡ibwb, gyw³hyׇK wb‡q Ôobjectively’ wPšÍv K‡i‡Qb|
gyw³hy‡×i mgq evOvjxi mvnm I cÖwZev`-cÖwZ‡iv‡ai †PZbv‡K Bwjqvm BwZevPK
`„wó‡Z †`‡L‡Qb| GB w`KwU‡K wZwb gwngvwš^Z K‡i‡Qb| ¯^vaxbZv-cieZx© wef½
mgvR cybM©V‡bi R‡b¨ wZwb Rbg‡b †mB †PZbvi mÂvi Ki‡Z cÖqvmx n‡q‡Qb|
cÖwZ‡iv‡ai †PZbv‡K GLv‡b wZwb e¨envi K‡i‡Qb nvwZqvi wn‡m‡e| meKv‡jB †kvlK
†kªYx †kvwl‡Zi h~_e×Zvq fxZ,kw¼Z| evgcš’x ivR‰bwZK `k‡©bi m~‡Î wZwb G M‡í
wbgœe‡M©i msNe×Zvi wPÎ web¨¯Í K‡i‡Qb| ZvB nvwZqvi wn‡m‡e G‡m‡Q Kv‡¯Í-`v-
jvwV- mowK cÖf…wZ| wZwb AbeMZ bb †h, msNe× GB msMÖvgI Zv‡mi NiZzj¨; ZeyI
BwZnv‡mi wewfbœ mg‡q G ai‡bi MYwecøe msNwUZ nq Awbevh© Kvi‡YB|
3.
jÿYxq †h, Bwjqv‡mi M‡í mivmwi gyw³hy‡×i cÖm½ A‡bK ¯^í cwigv‡Y G‡m‡Q; Gi
wecix‡Z M‡íi AšÍe©q‡b bvbv-†KŠk‡j ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q gyw³hy×| Zvi gv‡b wK GB †h,
gyw³hy‡×i NUbvKvj ¯^í cwim‡ii wQj e‡jB GgbUv n‡q‡Q? hy×Kvjxb bq gv‡mi
†P‡q wK Zuvi wbKU hy‡×vËi `xN© mgq ¸iyZ¡ †c‡qwQj? gyw³hy× msNwUZ n‡qwQj Zuvi
Zviy‡Y¨i Kv‡j| Avi ¯^vaxbZv-DËi mgqc‡e© wZwb µgk cÖvÁ n‡q D‡V‡Qb| Zuvi
cÖvÁ n‡q IVvi G mgqwU wQj bvbvw`K †_‡K ¯^cœf‡½i Kvj| gyw³hy‡×vËi mgq‡K
wbweofv‡e ch©‡eÿY K‡i‡Qb e‡jB nqZ Zuvi M‡í Aeÿq, nZvkv, fvO‡bi wPÎ GZ
cÖKU| wef½ evsjv‡`‡ki wPÎc‡Ui m‡½ m‡½ wZwb Zuvi cÖZ¨vwkZ mgv‡Ri K_vI
e‡j‡Qb Aejxjvq| evOvjxi †gŠwjK wecøex‡PZbvi ga¨ w`‡q AwR©Z ¯^vaxbZvi cÖK…Z
g~j¨gvb cÖwZôvi R‡b¨ cybivq †mB wecøex‡PZbvi Avek¨K e‡j g‡b K‡ib gvKm©ev`x
GB K_vmvwnwZ¨K| †Kbbv wecøe, hy×  G¸‡jvB evOvwji ¯^vZš¿¨-wPý, wecø‡eB
evOvwji Avb›`| GB Avb›` Abyfe K‡iwQj Bwjqv‡mi wg›Uz (Ò†iBb‡KvUÓ), eyjy
314 evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU cwÎKv

(ÒAcNvZÓ) cÖgyL PwiÎ| nvwmgy‡L Zviv AvZ¥Z¨vM ¯^xKvi Kiv m‡Ë¡I gyw³‡hv×v‡`i
Kvw•ÿZ mgvRKvVv‡gv M‡o I‡Vwb| DËiKv‡j mvgwMªKfv‡e wecbœ GK mgvRc‡U
Ae¯’vb K‡i †`vR‡Li AuvP Abyfe K‡ib †jLK| ZvB KvgvjDwχbi ¯^cœ-¯§„wZ‡Z
RvMÖZ nq cÂv‡ki gš^šÍi, `v½v, gyw³hy× cÖf…wZ mgqcU| Avi ZvB †m g„Zz¨i R‡b¨
A‡cÿgvY| A_P Mí‡k‡l †`Lv hvq †h,†m Rxeb‡cÖgx n‡q D‡V‡Q| Ò†`vR‡Li
IgÓM‡í GK `xN© Kvwnwb eqv‡bi m~‡Î G K_vB e¨³ Ki‡jb Bwjqvm:
ÔeuvPzg bv K¨vjvq?Õ KvgvjDwχbi GB weoweo aŸwb fv‡jv K‡i †kvbevi Rb¨ nvwb‡di
gv fvex gyL Nywi‡q `uvov‡jv| `¨v‡L Wvb nv‡Z aiv jvwV‡Z fi w`‡q KvgvjDwÏb D‡V
`uvovevi †Póv Ki‡Q|...jvwV Ges bvZbxi Ici fvOv‡Pviv kix‡ii fvi †i‡L Wvb w`‡Ki
MZi Qu¨vPov‡Z Qu¨vPov‡Z †m iIqvbv n‡jv wb‡Ri N‡ii w`‡K|21
D×…wZwU cÖZxKx, cigv_©gwÐZ| KvgvjDwχbi fvOv‡Pviv kixi mgKvjxb fMœcÖvq
mgv‡Ri cÖwZi~cK| Zvi †eu‡P _vKvi evmbv g~jZ gyL _ye‡o-cov GB mgv‡R cÖvY
RvMi‡Yi ¯§viK| jÿYxq, KvgvjDwÏb fi w`‡q Av‡Qb Zvi bvZbxi Ici  GwU
wK GB Bw½Z †`q bv †h, myôz mgvR I RvwZ MV‡bi `vwqZ¡ MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e DËi
cÖRb¥‡K? Bwjqvm wK Zvn‡j Avkvev`x n‡q D‡V‡Qb? m¤¢eZ Zv-B| †Kbbv AvkvB
gvbyl‡K euvwP‡q iv‡L| †kl ch©šÍ wZwb GB cÖZ¨‡q DcbxZ n‡q‡Qb:
gyw³hy‡×i mgq †`k m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡`i cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki ¯^cœ wQj, †`‡ki gvby‡li me©v½xY gyw³i
¯^cœ Avgiv †`‡LwQjvg... Avgv‡`i `yf©vM¨, Zv N‡Uwb| ¯^cœ †`Lvi mvnmI Avgiv A‡b‡K
nvwi‡q †d‡jwQ| †m mvnm wdwi‡q Avb‡Z n‡e| Avevi ¯^cœ †`L‡Z n‡e gyw³hy‡×i
†PZbv`xß evsjv‡`‡ki|22
4.
Bwjqvm Zuvi Mím¤¢v‡i †hme MÖvg, GjvKv, gnjøv, cyiv‡bv XvKvi Mwj wKsev cwiev‡ii
K_v ey‡b P‡jb, Zv‡Z Awbevh©fv‡eB AbycÖ‡ek K‡i gyw³hy× I evsjv‡`k Abyl½|
Ges †klch©šÍ evsjv‡`kB n‡q I‡V Zuvi M‡íi P~ovšÍ MšÍe¨| †mB MÖvg, gnjøv, Mwj
wKsev cwievi Avm‡j gyw³hy‡×i m‡½ Awe‡”Q`¨ e܇b euvav| Zuvi M‡íi K_bwe‡k¦i
KzkxjeMY gyw³hy‡×iB dmj| GgbwK Zv‡`i wµqv-cÖwZwµqv, fve-Abyfve, myL-`ytL,
msKU-¯^v”Q›`¨ meB gyw³hy‡×i †PZbvRvZ| M‡íi AšÍe©q‡b wZwb cvV‡Ki R‡b¨ †h
Ô†g‡mRÕ †`b Zvi evnK KL‡bv D”PweË nq bv| G‡ÿ‡Î †ewki fvM mgq wZwb †e‡Q
†bb mvaviY †kÖYxRvZ PwiÎ, KL‡bv ev ga¨weË| Avi Gm‡ei ga¨ w`‡q †jLK
mgv‡Ri fvOb †`Lvb; hv AbvKvw•ÿZ A_P Ab¯^xKvh©|
†`k wefvM †_‡K ïiy K‡i ivóªfvlv Av‡›`vjb, MY-Afz¨Ìvb, gyw³msMÖvg cÖf…wZi
AwfÁZv mÂq K‡i µgvš^‡q evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUMí †h wbR¯^ Aeqe jvf K‡i‡Q Zv‡Z
gyw³hy× I gyw³hy‡×i Abyl½ Awbevh©fv‡eB cÖavbZg cÖm½ wn‡m‡e M„nxZ n‡q‡Q|
AvLZvi“¾vgvb Bwjqv‡mi M‡í gyw³hy× 315

evsjv‡`‡ki GB †QvUM‡íi avivi Ab¨Zg K_vwkíx wZwb| evsjv‡`k bvgK iv‡óªi

DÌvb, Gi Av_©-mvgvwRK-ivRˆbwZK-mvs¯‹…wZK web¨v‡mi m‡½ I‡Zv‡cÖv‡Zvfv‡e
RwoZ AvLZviy¾vgvb Bwjqv‡mi mvwnwZ¨K gvb‡mi AwfhvÎv| d‡j Zuvi K_bwk‡íi
g~jcÖfveK n‡q D‡V‡Q GKvˇii gyw³hy×| †Kej GKvˇii NUbvi NbNUvi Av‡eMx
weeiYme©¯^ bq Zuvi Mí| Zuvi wkíKíbvi wfwËf~wg g~jZ ev¯Íe Ges Gi m‡½ Awš^Z
n‡q‡Q e¨w³K I mvgwóK Avkv-AvKv•ÿv Ges mgMÖ evOvwj RvwZmËvi cÖZ¨vkvi
Awf‡`¨vZbv| Avi G Awf‡`¨vZbv wkwíZ Aven‡K iÿv K‡iB wbgv©Y K‡i‡Qb wZwb|
UzUvduvUv, eû¯ÍwiK Rxe‡bi Av¯Í Aeqe D‡b¥vP‡b wZwb AvkÖq †bb g‡bvPvwiZvi, ¯^cœ-
Kíbvi, cÖZx‡Ki| †kl wePv‡i G K_v ej‡j AZz¨w³ n‡e bv †h, Bwjqv‡mi
mvwnwZ¨K-mËv Avi evsjv‡`k I gyw³hy× GKB †PZbvm~‡Î wea„Z| Avi GLv‡bB Zuvi
MíKvi mËvi we‡klZ¡|

Z_¨wb‡`©k

1 Avby gynv¤§` m¤úvw`Z, Z…Yg~j: AvLZviy¾vgvb Bwjqvm msL¨v, Rvbyqvwi 1998, 4_© msL¨v, c„. 289
2 cÖv¸³, c„. 272
3 AvLZviy¾vgvb Bwjqvm iPbvmgMÖ 1, gvIjv eªv`vm©, mßg gy`ªY, †deª“qvwi 2012, c„. 270
4 GRvR BDmydx m¤úvw`Z, wjwiK : AvLZviy¾vgvb Bwjqvm msL¨v (c‡njv ˆekvL, †Zik wbivbeŸB),
msL¨v AvU, c„. GKk cuqlwÆ
5 AvLZviy¾vgvb Bwjqvm iPbvmgMÖ 1, gvIjv eªv`vm©, mßg gy`ªY, †deªyqvwi 2012, c„. 285
6 AvLZviy¾vgvb Bwjqvm iPbvmgMÖ 1, gvIjv eªv`vm©, mßg gy`ªY, †deªyqvwi 2012, c„. 404
7 AvLZviy¾vgvb BwjqvmiPbvmgMÖ 1, gvIjv eªv`vm©, mßg gy`ªY, †deªyqvwi 2012, c„. 393
8 GRvR BDmydx m¤úvw`Z, wjwiK : AvLZviy¾vgvb Bwjqvm msL¨v ,c‡njv ˆekvL, †Zik wbivbeŸB,
msL¨v AvU, c„. GKk †QlwÆ Ñ GKk mvZlwÆ
9 AvLZviy¾vgvb Bwjqvm iPbvmgMÖ 1, gvIjv eªv`vm©, mßg gy`ªY, †deªyqvwi 2012, c„. 349-350
10 kvnv`y¾vgvb, K_v ci¤úiv, cvVK mgv‡ek, 1997, c„. 070
11 AvLZviy¾vgvb Bwjqvm iPbvmgMÖ 1, gvIjv eªv`vm©, mßg gy`ªY, †deªyqvwi 2012, c„.108-109
12 AvLZviy¾vgvb Bwjqvm iPbvmgMÖ 1, gvIjv eªv`vm©, mßg gy`ªY, †deªyqvwi 2012, c„. 080
13 AvLZviy¾vgvb Bwjqvm, ms¯‹„wZi fvOv †mZz, bqv D‡`¨vM, cÖ_g cÖKvk 1997, c„. 065
14 AvLZviy¾vgvb Bwjqvm iPbvmgMÖ 1, gvIjv eªv`vm©, mßg gy`ªY, †deªyqvwi 2012, c„. 374-375
15 cÖv¸³, c„. 183
16 cÖv¸³, c„. 46
17 Abycg †mb, evsjv‡`k : ivóª I mgvR, mvwnZ¨ mgevq, 1395, c„. 94
18 nvmvb AvwRRyj nK, iPbvmsMªn 1, RvZxq mvwnZ¨ cÖKvk, 3q gy`ªY, 2011, c„. 353
19 cÖv¸³, c„. 225
20 cÖv¸³, c„. 229-230
21 cÖv¸³, c„. 318
22 Avwbmy¾vgvb, gyw³hy× Ges Zvici, AvMvgx cÖKvkbx, 3q gy`ªY, †cŠl 1419, c„. 18