e½f½

Syed Naimur Rahman Sohel

Lecturer (Provisional)
C.M.S
Varendra University, Rajshahi
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e½f½ Kx
• 1905 mv‡j fvi‡Zi ZrKvjxb
eo jvU jW© KvR©b evsjv cÖ‡`k
fvM K‡ib hv BwZnv‡m e½f½
bv‡g cwiwPZ|
• 1905 mv‡ji 16 A‡±vei
Awef³ evsjvi XvKv, ivRkvnx
I PÆMÖvg, cve©Z¨ PÆMªvg I
gvj`v †Rjvi wPd Kwgkbvi
kvwmZ Avmv‡gi m‡½ mshy³
K‡i c~e© evsjv I Avmvg bv‡g
GKwU bZzb cÖ‡`k MVb Kiv
nq|
• hw`I gvÎ 6 eQ‡ii g‡a¨
bvbvwea Av‡›`vjb I cÖwZwµqvi
d‡j 1911 mv‡j e½f½ i` Kiv
4
nq|
 e½f‡½i KviY
cÖkvmwbK

agx©q ivR‰bwZK

mvgvwRK A_©‰bwZK

5
 cÖkvmwbK KviY
• e½f‡½i g~j KviY wQj g~jZ cÖkvmwbK
ms®‹vi cwiKíbv|
• wefw³i Av‡M evsjvi AvqZb wQj
1 jÿ 89 nvRvi eM©gvBj|
• 1901 mv‡ji Av`gïgvix Abymv‡i Gi
RbmsL¨v wQj 7 †KvwU 50 jÿ|
• evsjv wekvj cÖ‡`k nIqvq Gi kvmbfvi
cwiPvjbv wQj Kómva¨| d‡j jW© KvRb
`vwqZ¡ MÖnb K‡i cÖkvmwbK myweav I
`ÿvZv e„w×i Rb¨ e½f‡½i c‡ÿ KvR
ïiæ K‡ib| 6
ivR‰bwZK KviY
• K. evOvwj RvZxqZvev`x Av‡›`vjb aŸsm Kiv: weªwUk kvwmZ fvi‡Z ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cwieZ©‡bi m¤¢vebv
wb‡q wesk kZvãx ïiæ nq| G mgq RvZxqZvev`x Av‡›`vjb `vbv †eu‡a I‡V hvi †K›`ªwe›`y wQj
KjKvZv| Gi †bZ…‡Z¡ wQ‡jb wn›`y evOvwj ga¨weË †kÖYxi †bZ…e„›`| ZvB evsjv‡K wef³ K‡i evOvwj
RvwZi HK¨ I msnwZ bó Ki‡Z cvi‡j RvZxqZvev`x Av‡›`vjb `ye©j n‡q co‡e e‡j weªwUk miKvi
g‡b Ki‡Zb|
• L. fvM Ki I kvmb Ki bxwZ ev¯Íevqb: weªwUkiv cÖ_g †_‡KB GB Dcgnv‡`‡k fvM Ki kvmb Ki
bxwZ‡Z cÖwZwôZ wQj| Zv‡`i kvmb I †fv‡Mi cÖ‡qvR‡b †h‡Kvb mgq wewfbœ cÖ‡`k wef³ KiZ|
Gi d‡j GKw`‡K c~e© evsjvi gymjgvb‡`i agx©q RvZxqZv‡eva †R‡o IV‡e Ges Zv‡`i Lywk Kiv
hv‡e| Zviv miKv‡ii cÖwZ Av‡iv ‡ekx Suy‡K co‡e| Ab¨w`‡K G bxwZ evOvwj wn›`y-gymjgvb‡`i
g‡a¨ Awek^vm I m‡›`n m„wó K‡i G‡Zvw`‡bi M‡o IVv HK¨ I msnwZ bm¨vr Ki‡e| d‡j weªwUk
we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb `ye©j n‡q co‡e|
• M. gymjgvb‡`i `vwe: bZzb cÖ‡`k m„wó n‡j c~e©evsjvi gymjgvbiv wb‡R‡`i fv‡M¨vbœq‡bi my‡hvM
cv‡e| wn›`y m¤cÖ`vq cÖfvweZ KjKvZvi Dci ivR‰bwZK I A_©‰bwZK †ÿ‡Î wbf©ikxjZv nªvm
cv‡e| gymjgvbiv PvKwi I e¨emvq-evwY‡R¨ DbœwZ jvf Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
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A_©‰bwZK KviY
• e½f‡½i c~‡e© hveZxq wkí, e¨emvq-evwYwR¨, Awdm-Av`vjZ, KjKviLvbv, ¯‹zj-K‡jR,
wek¦we`¨vjq BZ¨vw` KjKvZvi †Kw›`ªf‚Z wQj| d‡j c~e©e‡½i gymjgvbiv me©ÎB wcwQ‡q
c‡owQj| A_©‰bwZK ˆelg¨ `~i Kiv, Rwg`vi‡`i AZ¨Pvi †_‡K wbixn c~e© evsjvi K…lK‡`i
gyw³, cv‡Ui bvh¨ g~j¨ wbav©iY I PvKwi jv‡fi Avkvq AwaKvsk gymjgvb RbMY ZLb fve‡Z
ïiæ K‡i †h, e½f½ n‡j Zviv A_©‰bwZK DbœwZ AR©‡bi my‡hvM cv‡e|
mvgvwRK I agx©q KviY
• weªwUk kvmbvg‡j gymjgvb m¤cÖ`vq wewfbœfv‡e †kvwlZ I ewÂZ n‡Z _v‡K| weªwUk miKvi wn›`y‡`i
cÖwZ D`vibxwZ Ges gymjgvb‡`i cÖwZ ˆeix bxwZ AbymiY KiZ| gymjgvbiv mvgvwRK cÖfve-
cÖwZcwËnxb GKwU `wi`ª, wi³ I wbt¯^ m¤cÖ`v‡q cwiYZ nq| myZivs jW© KvR©b KZ©…K e½f‡½i
wPšÍv-fvebv ïiæ n‡j c~e©evsjvi gymjgvb m¤cÖ`vq ¯^fveZB Gi cÖwZ mg_©b Rvbvq|
• e½f‡½i gva¨‡g c~e©e‡½I gymjgvbMY Zv‡`i nviv‡bv cÖfve-cÖwZcwË cybtcÖwZôvi ¯^cœ †`L‡Z
_v‡K| GQvovI Awef³ evsjvi c~e© As‡k gymjgvbMY wQj msL¨vMwiô Ges cwðg As‡k wn›`yiv wQj
msL¨vMwiô| d‡j G `„wó‡KvY †_‡KI `yB m¤cÖ`v‡qi Rb¨ `ywU c„_K cÖ‡`‡ki cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †`Lv
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†`q|
e½f½ cwiKíbv ev¯Íevqb
• jW© KvR©‡bi cwiKíbv Abyhvqx Avmvg,
PÆMÖvg, XvKv, ivRkvnx wefvM wb‡q (`vwR©wjs
ev` w`‡q wKš‘ gvj`vn I cve©Z¨ wÎcyiv †Rjv
AšÍf©~³ K‡i) Ôc~e© evsjv I Avmvg cÖ‡`kÕ MwVZ
nq|
• GB bZzb cÖ‡`‡ki AvqZb 1,06,504
eM©gvBj I RbmsL¨v wQj 3 †KvwU 10 jÿ|
Gi g‡a¨ 1 †KvwU 80 jÿ gymjgvb Ges 1
†KvwU 20 jÿ wn›`y|
• c~e© evsjv I Avmvg cÖ‡`‡ki ivRavbx Kiv nq
XvKv| m¨vi e¨vgwdì dzjvi c~e© evsjv I Avmvg
cÖ‡`‡ki cÖ_g †QvU jvU (Mfb©i) wbhy³ nb|
• Ab¨w`‡K cwðge½, wenvi I Dwil¨v wb‡q
MwVZ nq evsjv cÖ‡`k| Gi AvqZb
1,41,580 eM© gvBj| 1905 mv‡ji 16
A‡±vei e½f½ Kvh©Ki Kiv nq| 9
 djvdj
gymjgvb‡`i cÖwZwµqv
• e½f‡½i d‡j bZzb cÖ‡`k c~e©e½ I Avmv‡gi
ivRavbx nq XvKv| ivRavbx XvKv‡K †K›`ª K‡i
wewfbœ wkí cÖwZôvb M‡o I‡V| d‡j gymjgvbMY
bvbvwea my‡hvM-myweav jv‡f mÿg nq| Awdm-
Av`vjZ, wkÿv cÖwZôvbmn eo eo AÆvwjKv M‡o
IVvq XvKvi kªxe„w× N‡U|
• e½f‡½i c‡i gymjgvbMY Zv‡`i üZ †MŠie I
gh©v`v wd‡i cvevi Avb‡›` †g‡Z I‡V| beve m¨vi
mwjgyjøvn cwiKíbvwU Kvh©Ki Kivi w`b XvKvi GK
Rbmfvq e‡jb, Òe½f½ Avgv‡`i‡K wbw®ŒqZvi nvZ
†_‡K gyw³ w`‡q‡Q| GUv Avgv‡`i DÏxß K‡i‡Q
Kg© mvabvq Ges msMÖv‡gÓ| A_©vr e½f‡½i d‡j c~e©
evsjvi MYgvby‡li fv‡M¨i Øvi D‡b¥vwPZ nq| beve m¨vi mwjgyjøvn
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• wn›`y m¤cÖ`v‡qi cÖwZwµqv: ïiæ †_‡KB e½f‡½i
weiæ‡× wn›`y‡`i Ae¯’vb wQj AZ¨šÍ KwVb| evsjvi
wn›`yiv Gi weiæ‡× cÖPÛ So Zz‡jwQj| Zviv G‡K
gvZ…f‚wgi A½‡”Q` wn‡m‡eI D‡jøL K‡i|
• ag©wfwËK RvZxqZvev`x †PZbvi weKvk: wn›`y‡`i
e½f½ i` Av‡›`vjb †gvKv‡ejv Kivi Rb¨ gymwjg
eyw×Rxex I †bZ…e„›` 1906 mv‡j gymwjg jxM bvgK
GKwU ivR‰bwZK msMVb cÖwZôv K‡i| Gfv‡e wn›`y
-gymwjg m¤c‡K© wZ³Zvi m„wó nq| e½f‡½i d‡j
wn›`y I gymjgvb Dfq m¤cÖ`v‡qi g‡a¨ ag©wfwËK
RvZxqZvev`x †PZbvi m„wó nq|
• DMÖ wn›`y RvZxqZvev‡`i DÌvb I mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvi
m„wó: 1905 mv‡j e½f‡½i d‡j fviZxq
ivRbxwZ‡Z we‡kl K‡i evsjv, cvÄve I gnviv‡óª
mš¿vmev`x I bvkKZvg~jK Kvh©Kjvc e„w× cvq|
mgMÖ fvi‡Z DMÖ wn›`y RvZxqZvev`x AvZ¥cÖKvk
K‡i| †`‡ki wewfbœ ¯’v‡b wn›`y-gymwjg mv¤cÖ`vwqK
`v½v-nv½vgv ïiæ n‡Z _v‡K| 11
•e½f‡½i D‡`¨vM cÖ_‡g wQj cÖkvmwbK, wKš‘ µgvš^‡q Gi
ivR‰bwZK D‡Ïk¨B cÖvavb¨ jvf K‡i|
•c~e© evsjvi msL¨vMwiô Rb‡Mvôx e½f‡½i c‡ÿ _vK‡jI
cwðg evsjvmn fvi‡Zi wewfbœ RvqMvq e½f½ we‡ivax
Av‡›`vjb M‡o I‡V| G Av‡›`vjb ¯^‡`kx Av‡›`vj‡bi iƒc
†bq|
•Aciw`‡K gymjgvb m¤úª`vq wb‡R‡`i ¯^v_© msiÿ‡Y
m‡PZb nq| d‡j wn›`y-gymjgvb msNvZ †`Lv ‡`qvq 1911
mv‡j e½f½ i` Kiv nq|
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THANK YOU

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cÖk-œ 1: 1905 mv‡j msMwVZ e½f‡½i KviY I djvdj Av‡jvPbv Ki| e½f½ †Kb n‡qwQj? e½f½
m¤ú‡K© wn›`y I gymjgvb‡`i cÖwZwµqv wK wQj?

weªwUk fviZ I evsjvi ivR‰bwZK BwZnv‡m e½f½ (1905) GKwU

AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© NUbv| 1905 mv‡j fvi‡Zi ZrKvjxb eo jvU jW© KvR©b
evsjv cÖ‡`k fvM K‡ib hv BwZnv‡m e½f½ bv‡g cwiwPZ| evsjv cÖ‡`‡ki
wekvjZvmn wewfbœ ivR‰bwZK, A_©‰bwZK, mvgvwRK I agx©q Kvi‡Y e½f½
Kvh©Ki Kiv nq| Gi gva¨‡g 1905 mv‡ji 16 A‡±vei Awef³ evsjvi XvKv,
ivRkvnx I PÆMÖvg, cve©Z¨ PÆMªvg I gvj`v †Rjvi wPd Kwgkbvi kvwmZ
Avmv‡gi m‡½ mshy³ K‡i c~e© evsjv I Avmvg bv‡g GKwU bZzb cÖ‡`k MVb
Kiv nq| hw`I gvÎ 6 eQ‡ii g‡a¨ bvbvwea Av‡›`vjb I cÖwZwµqvi d‡j 1911 jW© KvR©b
mv‡j e½f½ i` Kiv nq| evsjvi BwZnv‡m Gi djvdj wQj AZ¨šÍ my`~icÖmvix|

e½f‡½i KviY I djvdj:

e½f‡½i KviY: e½f‡½i †cQ‡bi A‡bK¸‡jv Kvi‡Yi g‡a¨ wQj cÖkvmwbK ms¯‹vi, RvZxqZvev`x
Av‡›`vjb‡iva, A_©‰bwZK cybM©Vb, gymjgvb‡`i `vwe Ges Ks‡MÖm‡K `ye©j Kiv Ab¨Zg| wb‡¤œ e½f‡½i
KviYmg~n we¯ÍvwiZ eY©bv Kiv nj| jW© KvR©b

cÖkvmwbK KviY:
e½f‡½i g~j KviY wQj g~jZ cÖkvmwbK ms®‹vi cwiKíbv| wefw³i Av‡M evsjvi AvqZb wQj 1
jÿ 89 nvRvi eM©gvBj Ges 1901 mv‡ji Av`gïgvix Abymv‡i Gi RbmsL¨v wQj 7 †KvwU 50 jÿ| evsjv
wekvj cÖ‡`k nIqvq Gi kvmbfvi cwiPvjbv wQj Kómva¨| d‡j jW© KvR©b `vwqZ¡ MÖnb K‡i cÖkvmwbK
myweav I `ÿvZv e„w×i Rb¨ e½f‡½i c‡ÿ KvR ïiæ K‡ib|

ivR‰bwZK KviY:
fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k cvðvZ¨ wkÿvi cÖmv‡ii mv‡_ mv‡_ RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ ivR‰bwZK †PZbv e„w×
cvq Ges Gi d‡j ax‡i ax‡i RvZxqZvev`x Av‡›`vjb M‡o DV‡Z _v‡K| ZLb Gme Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖavb
†K›`ª¯’j wQj KjKvZv| XvKv‡K ivRavbx K‡i miKvi Av‡›`vjb‡K `gb Kivi †Póv K‡i| GQvov weªwUk‡`i
e½f‡½i †cQ‡b Av‡iv K‡qKwU ivR‰bwZK D‡Ïk¨ wQj| †hgb,
K. evOvwj RvZxqZvev`x Av‡›`vjb aŸsm Kiv: weªwUk kvwmZ fvi‡Z ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cwieZ©‡bi m¤¢vebv
wb‡q wek kZvãx ïiæ nq| G mgq RvZxqZvev`x Av‡›`vjb `vbv †eu‡a I‡V hvi †K›`ªwe›`y wQj KjKvZv|
Gi †bZ…‡Z¡ wQ‡jb wn›`y evOvwj ga¨weË †kÖYxi †bZ…e„›`| ZvB evsjv‡K wef³ K‡i evOvwj RvwZi HK¨ I
msnwZ bó Ki‡Z cvi‡j RvZxqZvev`x Av‡›`vjb `ye©j n‡q co‡e e‡j weªwUk miKvi g‡b Ki‡Zb|
L. fvM Ki I kvmb Ki bxwZ ev¯Íevqb: weªwUkiv cÖ_g †_‡KB GB Dcgnv‡`‡k fvM Ki kvmb Ki
bxwZ‡Z cÖwZwôZ wQj| Zv‡`i kvmb I †fv‡Mi cÖ‡qvR‡b †h‡Kvb mgq wewfbœ cÖ‡`k wef³ KiZ| Gi d‡j
GKw`‡K c~e© evsjvi gymjgvb‡`i agx©q RvZxqZv‡eva M‡o IV‡e Ges Zv‡`i Lywk Kiv hv‡e| Zviv
miKv‡ii cÖwZ Av‡iv ‡ekx Suy‡K co‡e| Ab¨w`‡K G bxwZ evOvwj wn›`y-gymjgvb‡`i g‡a¨ Awek^vm I m‡›`n
m„wó K‡i G‡Zvw`‡bi M‡o IVv HK¨ I msnwZ bm¨vr Ki‡e| d‡j weªwUk we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb `ye©j n‡q
co‡e|
M. gymjgvb‡`i `vwe: bZzb cÖ‡`k m„wó n‡j c~e© evsjvi gymjgvbiv wb‡R‡`i fv‡M¨vbœq‡bi my‡hvM
cv‡e| wn›`y m¤cÖ`vq cÖfvweZ KjKvZvi Dci ivR‰bwZK I A_©‰bwZK †ÿ‡Î wbf©ikxjZv nªvm cv‡e|
gymjgvbiv PvKwi I e¨emvq-evwY‡R¨ DbœwZ jvf Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

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 3. A_©‰bwZK KviY:
e½f‡½i c~‡e© hveZxq wkí, e¨emvq-evwYR¨, Awdm-Av`vjZ, KjKviLvbv, ¯‹zj-K‡jR,
wek¦we`¨vjq BZ¨vw` KjKvZvi †Kw›`ªf‚Z wQj| d‡j c~e©e‡½i gymjgvbiv me©ÎB wcwQ‡q c‡owQj|
A_©‰bwZK ˆelg¨ `~i Kiv, Rwg`vi‡`i AZ¨Pvi †_‡K wbixn c~e© evsjvi K…lK‡`i gyw³, cv‡Ui bvh¨ g~j¨
wbav©iY I PvKwi jv‡fi Avkvq AwaKvsk gymjgvb RbMY ZLb fve‡Z ïiæ K‡i †h, e½f½ n‡j Zviv
A_©‰bwZK DbœwZ AR©‡bi my‡hvM cv‡e|
4. mvgvwRK I ag©xq KviY:
weªwUk kvmbvg‡j gymjgvb m¤cÖ`vq wewfbœfv‡e †kvwlZ I ewÂZ n‡Z _v‡K| weªwUk miKvi
wn›`y‡`i cÖwZ D`vibxwZ Ges gymjgvb‡`i cÖwZ ˆeix bxwZ AbymiY KiZ| gymjgvbiv mvgvwRK cÖfve-
cÖwZcwËnxb GKwU `wi`ª, wi³ I wbt¯^ m¤cÖ`v‡q cwiYZ nq| myZivs jW© KvR©b KZ©…K e½f‡½i wPšÍv-
fvebv ïiæ n‡j c~e© evsjvi gymjgvb m¤cÖ`vq ¯^fveZB Gi cÖwZ mg_©b Rvbvq| e½f‡½i gva¨‡g c~e©e‡½I
gymjgvbMY Zv‡`i nviv‡bv cÖfve-cÖwZcwË cybtcÖwZôvi ¯^cœ †`L‡Z _v‡K| GQvovI Awef³ evsjvi c~e©
As‡k gymjgvbMY wQj msL¨vMwiô Ges cwðg As‡k wn›`yiv wQj msL¨vMwiô| d‡j G `„wó‡KvY †_‡KI `yB
m¤cÖ`v‡qi Rb¨ `ywU c„_K cÖ‡`‡ki cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †`Lv †`q|

e½f½ cwiKíbv ev¯Íevqb: jW© KvR©‡bi cwiKíbv Abyhvqx Avmvg, PÆMÖvg, XvKv, ivRkvnx wefvM
wb‡q (`vwR©wjs ev` w`‡q wKš‘ gvj`vn I cve©Z¨ wÎcyiv †Rjv AšÍf©~³ K‡i) Ôc~e© evsjv I Avmvg cÖ‡`kÕ
MwVZ nq| GB bZzb cÖ‡`‡ki AvqZb 1,06,504 eM©gvBj I RbmsL¨v wQj 3 †KvwU 10 jÿ| Gi g‡a¨
1 †KvwU 80 jÿ gymjgvb Ges 1 †KvwU 20 jÿ wn›`y| c~e© evsjv I Avmvg cÖ‡`‡ki ivRavbx Kiv nq
XvKv| m¨vi e¨vgwdì dzjvi c~e© evsjv I Avmvg cÖ‡`‡ki cÖ_g †QvU jvU (Mfb©i) wbhy³ nb|

gvbwPÎ: e½f½ (1905)

Ab¨w`‡K cwðge½, wenvi I Dwil¨v wb‡q MwVZ nq evsjv cÖ‡`k| Gi AvqZb 1,41,580 eM© gvBj|
1905 mv‡ji 16 A‡±vei e½f½ Kvh©Ki Kiv nq|

2
 e½f‡½i djvdj:
e½f‡½i djvdj wQj my`~icÖmvix| hw`I e½f‡½i djvdj mvgwqK wQj ZeyI we‡kl K‡i c~e©e‡½i
msL¨vMwiô gymjgvb m¤cÖ`vq Gi †_‡K †ekx jvfevb n‡qwQj| wb‡¤œ e½f‡½i djvdj wb‡q we¯ÍvwiZ
Av‡jvPbv Kiv njÑ

1. gymjgvb‡`i cÖwZwµqv:
e½f‡½i d‡j bZzb cÖ‡`k c~e©e½ I Avmv‡gi ivRavbx nq XvKv| ivRavbx XvKv‡K †K›`ª K‡i
wewfbœ wkí cÖwZôvb M‡o I‡V| d‡j gymjgvbMY bvbvwea my‡hvM-myweav jv‡f mÿg nq| Awdm-Av`vjZ,
wkÿv cÖwZôvbmn eo eo AÆvwjKv M‡o IVvq XvKvi kªxe„w× N‡U| e½f‡½i c‡i gymjgvbMY Zv‡`i üZ
†MŠie I gh©v`v wd‡i cvevi Avb‡›` †g‡Z I‡V| beve m¨vi mwjgyjøvn cwiKíbvwU Kvh©Ki Kivi w`b XvKvi
GK Rbmfvq e‡jb, e½f½ Avgv‡`i‡K wbw®ŒqZvi nvZ †_‡K gyw³ w`‡q‡Q| GUv Avgv‡`i DÏxß K‡i‡Q
Kg© mvabvq Ges msMÖv‡g| A_©vr e½f‡½i d‡j c~e© evsjvi MYgvby‡li fv‡M¨i Øvi D‡b¥vwPZ nq|

2. wn›`y m¤cÖ`v‡qi cÖwZwµqv:

ïiæ †_‡KB e½f‡½i weiæ‡× wn›`y‡`i Ae¯’vb wQj AZ¨šÍ KwVb| evsjvi wn›`yiv Gi weiæ‡× cÖPÛ
So Zz‡jwQj| Zviv G‡K gvZ…f‚wgi A½‡”Q` wn‡m‡eI D‡jøL K‡i|

3. ag©wfwËK RvZxqZvev`x †PZbvi weKvk:

wn›`y‡`i e½f½ i` Av‡›`vjb †gvKv‡ejv Kivi Rb¨ gymwjg eyw×Rxex I †bZ…e„›` 1906 mv‡j
gymwjg jxM bvgK GKwU ivR‰bwZK msMVb cÖwZôv K‡i| Gfv‡e wn›`y -gymwjg m¤c‡K© wZ³Zvi m„wó nq|
e½f‡½i d‡j wn›`y I gymjgvb Dfq m¤cÖ`v‡qi g‡a¨ ag©wfwËK RvZxqZvev`x †PZbvi m„wó nq|

4. DMÖ wn›`y RvZxqZvev‡`i DÌvb I mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvi m„wó:

1905 mv‡j e½f‡½i d‡j fviZxq ivRbxwZ‡Z we‡kl K‡i evsjv, cvÄve I gnviv‡óª mš¿vmev`x I
bvkKZvg~jK Kvh©Kjvc e„w× cvq| mgMÖ fvi‡Z DMÖ wn›`y RvZxqZvev`x AvZ¥cÖKvk K‡i| †`‡ki wewfbœ
¯’v‡b wn›`y-gymwjg mv¤cÖ`vwqK `v½v-nv½vgv ïiæ n‡Z _v‡K|

5. weªwUk‡`i fvM Ki I kvmb Ki bxwZi ev¯Íevqb:

e½f‡½i ivR‰bwZK cÖfv‡e weªwUk kvmK‡`i Abym„Z 'fvM Ki I kvmb Ki' bxwZ Rqhy³ nq| d‡j wn›`y
I gymjgvb RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ mv¤cÖ`vwqK we‡Øl m„wó nq| fvi‡Zi e„nËg `ywU m¤cÖ`vq Gi d‡j wPšÍv-‡PZbvi
w`K †_‡K wef³ n‡q c‡o|

cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq †h, e½f‡½i D‡`¨vM cÖ_‡g wQj cÖkvmwbK, wKš‘ µgvš^‡q Gi ivR‰bwZK
D‡Ïk¨B cÖvavb¨ jvf K‡i| c~e© evsjvi msL¨vMwiô Rb‡Mvôx e½f‡½i c‡ÿ _vK‡jI cwðg evsjvmn
fvi‡Zi wewfbœ RvqMvq e½f½ we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb M‡o I‡V| G Av‡›`vjb ¯^‡`kx Av‡›`vj‡bi iƒc †bq|
Aciw`‡K gymjgvb m¤úª`vq wb‡R‡`i ¯^v_© msiÿ‡Y m‡PZb nq| d‡j wn›`y-gymjgvb msNvZ †`Lv ‡`qvq
1911 mv‡j e½f½ i` Kiv nq|