J Ÿèš PZW - K Fviz Wefvm (1916-1947 WL .) : Bdwbu

BDwbU
j‡ÿèŠ Pzw³ †_‡K fviZ wefvM (1916-1947 wLª.)

10
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wek kZ‡Ki †Mvovi w`‡K fvi‡Zi ivRbxwZ‡Z †ekwKQy cwieZ©b jÿ Kiv hvq| Bs‡iR‡ì cÖwZ AvbyMZ¨ cÖ`k©b I
mn‡hvwMZv cÖ`v‡bi cvkvcvwk fviZxq‡ì g‡a¨ ¯^v_© Av`vq I AwaKvi cÖwZôvi †PZbv Rv‡M| e½f½ i‡ì c‡i
gymjgvbiv Bs‡iR‡ì cÖwZ Av¯’v I wek¦vm nvwi‡q †d‡j| Zviv wn›`y‡ì m‡½ mn‡hvwMZvi c‡_ cv evovq Ges
¯îvR AR©b‡K Zv‡ì jÿ¨ e‡j †NvlYv K‡i| 1916 wLª÷v‡ãi j‡ÿŠ Pzw³‡Z Ks‡MÖm I gymwjg jxM kvmbZvwš¿K
ms¯‹v‡ii cÖ‡kœ GK †hŠ_ `vwebvgvq Pzw³e× nq| g‡›U¸-†Pgm‡dvW© ms¯‹v‡i †m `vwei wKQy cÖwZdjb _vK‡jI
fviZxq‡ì Avkv-AvKv•ÿvi m¤ú~Y© cÖwZdjb Zv‡Z wQj bv| evsjvi †bZv †`keÜz wPËiÄb `vm wn›`y gymwjg
H‡Kï Rb¨ Ô†e½j c¨v± Pzw³Õ Ki‡jI GUv ÿY¯’vqx nq| cybivq fvi‡Zi ivRbxwZ‡Z wn›`y gymjgvb‡ì g‡a¨ N‡U
we‡f‡ì m~ÎcvZ| kvmbZvwš¿K mgm¨v mgvav‡bi j‡ÿ¨ e„wUk miKvi mvBgb Kwgkb MVb, †Mvj †Uwej êVK
Avnevb BZ¨vw` c`‡ÿc MÖnY K‡i| fviZxq‡ì D‡`¨v‡M †b‡niæ wi‡cvU©, wRbœvn&i †PŠÏ `dv BZ¨vwÌ mgm¨vi
myivnv Ki‡Z cv‡i wb| c‡i Av‡m 1935 wLª÷v‡ãi fviZ kvmb AvBb| 1940 wLª÷v‡ã weL¨vZ jv‡nvi cÖ¯Ív‡ei
gva¨‡g Dcgnv‡`‡ki gymjgvbiv wb‡R‡ì Rb¨ GKvwaK ¯^Zš¿ ¯^vaxb ivóª cÖwZôvi `vwe Rvbvq| fvi‡Zi ivRbxwZ
my¯úófv‡e A‰b‡Kï c‡_ avweZ nq| wØZxq wek¦hy×Kv‡j e„wUk miKvi GKwU kvmbZvwš¿K KvVv‡gvi g‡a¨
Dcgnv‡`k‡K HKë× ivLvi Rb¨ bvbv Dcv‡q †Póv K‡i| wKš‘ †Kv‡bv †PóvB djcÖm~ nq wb| wn›`y gymwjg A‰bK¨
I mv¤úÖ`vwqK m¤ú‡K©i Pig AebwZ NU‡j †kl ch©šÍ 1947 mv‡j fviZ wef³ nq| Afz¨`q N‡U cvwK¯Ívb I
fviZ bv‡g `ywU iv‡óªi|
G BDwbU cvV K‡i Avcwb 1911 wLª÷vã cieZ©x fvi‡Zi wn›`y gymwjg ivR‰bwZK aviv m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡eb; fvi‡Zi
kvmbZvwš¿K msKU mgvav‡bi †Póv m¤ú‡K© AewnZ n‡eb Ges 1947 wLª÷v‡ã fviZ wefw³i cUf‚wg Av‡jvPbv
Ki‡Z mÿg n‡eb|
BDwbU mgvwßi mgq BDwbU mgvwßi m‡e©v”P mgq 2 mßvn
cvV-10.1 j‡ÿèŠPzw³ (1916 wLª.)

D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l AvcwbÑ
 j‡ÿèŠPzw³i cUf‚wg eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 Pzw³i welqe¯‘ Kx wQj Zvi weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
 j‡ÿèŠPzw³i HwZnvwmK ¸iæZ¡ I cÖwZwµqv m¤ú‡K© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
gyL¨ kãgvjv j‡²ŠPzw³, wn›`y-gymwjg HK¨, msL¨vjNy, cÖv‡`wkK ¯^vqZ¡ kvmb
1909 wLª÷v‡ãi fviZ kvmb AvBb ev g‡j©-wg‡›Uv ms¯‹vi AvBb fviZevmxi me `vwe-`vIqv c~i‡Y h‡_ó
mnvqK nq wb| G AvB‡b hwÌ cÖZ¨ÿ wbe©vPb c×wZ ¯^xKvi K‡i †bqv nq Ges gymjgvb‡ì ¯^Zš¿
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek^we`¨vjq GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg
wbe©vP‡bi AwaKvi cÖ`vb Kiv nq Z_vwc G‡Z gymwjg m¤úÖ`vq cwic~Y©fv‡e mš‘ó n‡Z cv‡i wb| G mgq K‡qKwU
NUbv gymjgvb‡ì g‡a¨ cÖwZwµqv m„wó K‡i| 1911 wLª÷v‡ã e½f½ i‡ì †NvlYv Zv‡ì‡K e„wUk miKv‡ii cÖwZ
mw›`nvb K‡i †Zv‡j| G iKg AviI GKwU NUbv n‡”Q ejKvb hy×| G hy‡× gymwjg †`k Zzi‡¯‹i cÖwZ e„‡U‡bi
weiæ×vPviY‡K fvi‡Zi gymjgvbiv mgv‡jvPbvi †Pv‡L †`‡L Ges Gi weiæ‡× cÖwZev` Rvbvq| ZvQvov 1913
wLª÷v‡ãi RyjvB gv‡m Kvbcyi gmwR‡ì NUbvq cywj‡ki ¸wj‡Z K‡qKRb gymjgvb wbnZ n‡j gymjgvb‡ì g‡a¨
miKvi we‡ivax g‡bvfve Zxeª n‡q D‡V|
Bs‡iR‡ì weiæ‡× µgea©gvb †ÿvf I Am‡šÍvl fvi‡Zi gymjgvb‡ì ivRbxwZ‡Z Mfxi cÖfve †d‡j| AwfRvZ,
iÿYkxj I e„wUk AbyMZ †bZv‡ì e`‡j 1912 wLª÷v‡ãi ci †_‡K cvðvZ¨ wkÿvq wkwÿZ gymwjg jx‡Mi Ziæb
m`m¨MY `‡ji g‡a¨ mwµq n‡q D‡V| G mg‡qB †gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn, (whwb GKRb KÆi Ks‡MÖmx wQ‡jb) gymwjg
jx‡M †hvM`vb K‡ib| 1913 wLª÷v‡ãi gv‡P© gymwjg jx‡Mi j‡ÿèŠ Awa‡ek‡b `‡ji bZzb MVbZš¿ cÖYxZ nq| G‡Z
ejv nq †h, RvZxq HK¨ M‡o †Zvjv, wewfbœ m¤úÖ`v‡qi g‡a¨ mn‡hvwMZv e„w× Ges ¯îvR AR©bB n‡”Q jx‡Mi
Ab¨Zg D‡Ïk¨ I jÿ¨| Gi d‡j fvi‡Zi wn›`y I gymjgvb‡ì g‡a¨ m¤úÖxwZ I m™¢ve m„wói AbyK‚j cwi‡ek ˆZwi
nq| AZtci jxM I Ks‡MÖm cÖvq GKB mg‡q I ¯’v‡b G‡ì evwl©K Awa‡ekb Avnevb K‡i| GK `‡ji cÖwZwbwaMY
Av‡iK `‡ji Awa‡ek‡b †hvM`vb K‡i| 1915 wLª÷v‡ã †ev‡¤^ kn‡i AbywôZ Dfq `‡ji m‡¤§j‡bB miKvix bxwZi
mgv‡jvPbv Kiv nq Ges wn›`y gymwjg Dfq m¤úÖ`v‡qi H‡Kï Dci †Rvi †`qv nq|
1916 wLª÷v‡ãi wW‡m¤î gv‡m Ks‡MÖm Ges gymwjg jxM G‡ì evwl©K m‡¤§jb j‡ÿèŠ kn‡i Abyôvb Kivi wm×všÍ
†bq| G mg‡q Dfq m¤úÖ`vq fvi‡Zi kvmbZvwš¿K ms¯‹v‡ii bxwZi cÖ‡kœ GKUv mg‡SvZvq Av‡m| GUvB BwZnv‡m
j‡ÿèŠ Pzw³ bv‡g cwiwPZ| G Pzw³i gva¨‡g Ks‡MÖm I jxM wgwjZ `vwe †ck K‡i| Pzw³i êwkó¨¸‡jv wb¤œiƒc:
j‡ÿèŠ Pzw³i êwkó¨
1. j‡ÿèŠ Pzw³‡Z †K›`ªxq AvBbmfvi m`m¨msL¨v 150 Rb Kivi mycvwik Kiv nq| G‡ì g‡a¨ cuvP fv‡Mi Pvi
fvM n‡eb wbe©vwPZ m`m¨ Ges evKx GKfvM g‡bvbxZ m`m¨| hZ`~i m¤¢e e¨vcK †fvUvwaKv‡ii wfwË‡Z
m`m¨MY wbe©vwPZ n‡eb| wbe©vwPZ m`‡mï GK Z…Zxqvsk n‡e gymwjg m`m¨ Ges wbR m¤úÖ`v‡qi ØvivB Zviv
wbe©vwPZ n‡eb| †K‡›`ªi nv‡Z _vK‡e cÖwZiÿv, ê‡`wkK bxwZ, ïé, †ijI‡q, WvK I Zvi wefvM| fviZ
mwP‡ei KvDwÝj wejyß Ki‡Z n‡e Ges e„wUk miKviB Zuv‡K †eZb †`‡e| Zuvi mvnvh¨Kvix _vK‡eb `yÕRb Ges
G‡ì g‡a¨ GKRb n‡eb fviZxq|
2. cÖv‡`wkK AvBbmfvi †ÿ‡Î `vwe Kiv nq †h, e„nr cÖ‡`‡k m`m¨ msL¨v 125 R‡bi Kg n‡e bv| †QvU
cÖ‡`k¸‡jv‡Z G msL¨v n‡e 50 †_‡K 75 Gi g‡a¨| cÖ‡`‡ki †ÿ‡ÎI Pvi cÂgvsk m`m¨ n‡eb wbe©vwPZ Ges
Aewkó GK cÂgvsk g‡bvbxZ| msL¨vjNy m¤úÖ`v‡qi cÖwZwbwa‡Z¡i †ÿ‡Î ch©vß my‡hvM w`‡Z n‡e|
cÖ‡`k¸‡jv‡Z wbe©vwPZ m`m¨ msL¨vi †ÿ‡Î gymwjg m`m¨ _vK‡e cvÄv‡e 50%, hy³cÖ‡`‡k 30%, ga¨cÖ‡`‡k
15%, evsjvq 40%, wenv‡i 25%, gv`ªv‡R 15% I †ev‡¤^‡Z 33%| GLv‡bI c„_K wbe©vPKgÐjxi gva¨‡gB
gymwjg cÖwZwbwaiv wbe©vwPZ n‡e| Z‡e kZ© wQj †h, Gme msiwÿZ Avmb Qvov gymjgvbiv †K›`ªxq I cÖv‡`wkK
Ab¨‡Kvb Avm‡bi Rb¨ cÖwZØw›ØZv Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv|
3. j‡ÿèŠ Pzw³‡Z wm×všÍ nq †h, †K›`ªxq ev cÖv‡`wkK AvBb cwil‡` Dcw¯’Z †Kvb m¤úÖ`v‡qi ¯^v_© mswkøó †Kvb wej
KL‡bv M„nxZ n‡e bv hw` D³ m¤úÖ`v‡qi wZb PZz_©vsk m`m¨ †m we‡ji we‡ivwaZv K‡i|
4. cÖv‡`wkK ¯^vqËkvmb cÖwZôvi Rb¨ Ks‡MÖm I gymwjg jxM GK‡Î KvR Kivi wm×všÍ †bq|
5. Pzw³‡Z `vwe Kiv nq †h, †Wvwgwbqb miKvimg~‡ni m‡½ e„wUk miKv‡ii Dcwb‡ek gš¿xi †h m¤úK©, fviZ
miKv‡ii mv‡_ fviZ mwP‡ei m¤úK©I n‡Z n‡e Abyiƒc|
Dcgnv‡`‡k Bs‡iR ivRZ¡Kv‡ji BwZnv‡m j‡ÿèŠPzw³B n‡”Q cÖ_g wn›`y-gymwjg ivR‰bwZK mg‡SvZvi ¯^vÿi|
fvi‡Zi Rb¨ GKwU msweav‡bi g~j iƒc‡iLv cÖYq‡b GUv wQj Ks‡MÖm I gymwjg jx‡Mi †hŠ_ cÖqvm| G Pzw³ wn›`y I
gymjgvb‡ì g‡a¨ ivR‰bwZK mn‡hvwMZvi wfwË iPbv K‡i| Gi Øviv Dfq m¤úÖ`vq miKv‡ii wbKU hy³fv‡e
BDwbU 10 c„ôv 154

evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek^we`¨vjq BwZnvm 1g cÎ
wb‡R‡ì `vwebvgv †ck Kivi my‡hvM cvq| j‡ÿèŠPzw³‡Z Ks‡MÖm cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv gymjgvb‡ì ¯^Zš¿ wbe©vP‡bi
AwaKvi ¯^xKvi K‡i| gymwjg jxM‡K fviZxq gymjgvb‡ì GKgvÎ cÖwZwbwaZ¡Kvix msMVb e‡jI †g‡b †bq| Z‡e G
Pzw³i wKQy mgv‡jvPbv n‡q‡Q| evsjv I cvÄv‡e gymjgvb‡ì my¯úó msL¨vMwiôZv wQj| ïay wn›`y gymwjg mg‡SvZvi
LvwZ‡i Zv‡ì‡K G `yB cÖ‡`‡k RbmsL¨v Abycv‡Z Kg msL¨K wbw`©ó Avmb †g‡b wb‡Z n‡q‡Q| evsjvi †bZv beve
ˆmq` bIqve Avjx †PŠayix G Pzw³i cÖwZev‡` evsjv cÖv‡`wkK gymwjg jx‡Mi mfvcwZi c` †_‡K m‡i ùvovb Ges
†m›Uªvj b¨vkbvj †gvnv‡gWvb G‡mvwm‡qk‡b †hvM`vb K‡ib| Ab¨w`‡K G Pzw³i d‡j cvÄv‡e cÖv‡`wkK gymwjg jxM
wef³ n‡q c‡o| gv`ªv‡R Zvwgj fvlx gymjgvbiv Pzw³i we‡ivwaZv K‡i| Z_vwc GUv Ab¯^xKvh© †h, 1916 wLª÷v‡ãi
j‡ÿèŠPzw³ Jcwb‡ewkK fvi‡Zi ivR‰bwZK I kvmbZvwš¿K BwZnv‡mi GKUv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© gvBj djK|
wkÿv_©xi KvR wkÿv_©xMY j‡²Š Pzw³ m¤ú‡K© GKwU iPbv wjLyb|
mvivsk
1916 wLª÷v‡ã Ks‡MÖm I gymwjg jx‡Mi g‡a¨ m¤úvw`Z j‡ÿèŠPzw³ wn›`y I gymwjg m¤úÖ`v‡qi g‡a¨ ivR‰bwZK
mn‡hvwMZv I mvgvwRK m¤úÖxwZi †ÿÎ cÖ¯‘Z K‡i| Bs‡iR‡ì Dci Av¯’v I wek¦vm nvwi‡q gymjgvbiv wn›`y‡ì
m‡½ mn‡hvwMZvi c‡_ cv evovq Ges fvi‡Zi Rb¨ ¯îvR AR©‡bi jÿ¨c_ w¯’i K‡i| j‡ÿèŠPzw³i gva¨‡g G `yB
m¤úÖ`vq e„wUk miKv‡ii Kv‡Q hy³ `vwebvgv †ck K‡i| G Pzw³‡Z Ks‡MÖm cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv gymjgvb‡ì ¯^Zš¿
wbe©vP‡bi `vwe‡K ¯^xKvi K‡i †bq Ges fvi‡Zi kvmbZvwš¿K mgm¨v mgvav‡b †hŠ_ cÖqvm MÖnY K‡i|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-10.1
mwVK DË‡ii cv‡k wUK () wPý w`b|
1| 1913 wLª÷v‡e` gymwjg jx‡Mi cÖYxZ bZzb MVbZ‡š¿ Kx jÿ¨ I D‡Ïk¨ w¯’i Kiv nq?
i. ¯îvR AR©b
ii. RvZxq HK¨ cÖwZôv
iii. mv¤úÖ`vwqK †mŠnvh© cÖwZôv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii
M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
2| KZ wLª÷v‡ã j‡ÿèŠPzw³ ¯^vÿwiZ nq?
K) 1911 L) 1913
M) 1916 N) 1920
3| j‡ÿèŠPzw³‡Z †K›`ªxq AvBb mfvi m`m¨ msL¨v KZRb Kivi mycvwik Kiv nq?
K) 50 L) 75
M) 125 N) 150
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ
GKwU AÂ‡ji `ywU ci¯úi we‡ivax ivR‰bwZK `j RvwZi e„nËi ¯^v‡_© GKB g‡Â P‡j Av‡m| G mgq Zviv
HK¨g‡Zi wfwË‡Z GKwU mg‡SvZv Pzw³‡Z ¯^vÿi K‡i| G Ae¯’vq Dfq `j ci¯úi‡K cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv ¯^xK…wZ
†`q| G Pzw³i gva¨‡g GKwU m¤úÖ`v‡qi e¨w³‡ì ¯^Zš¿ wbe©vPbx myweav cÖ`vb Kiv nq| GwUB D³ AÂ‡ji BwZnv‡m
`ywU `‡ji cÖ_g HK¨g‡Zi c`‡ÿc| BwZnvm Kx G Pzw³i ¸iæZ¡ e¨vcK|
K. j‡ÿèŠPzw³ Kx? 1
L. j‡ÿèŠPzw³i cUf‚wg Kx wQj? 2

M. D³ mg‡SvZv Pzw³wUi ¸iæZ¡ we‡kølY Kiæb| 3

N. HwZnvwmK ¸iæZ¡ I cÖwZwµqv †Kgb wQj e‡j Avcwb g‡b K‡ib? 4
cvV-10.2 wLjvdZ I Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb
D‡Ïk¨
 fvi‡Z wLjvdZ Av‡›`vjb †Kb n‡qwQj, Zv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb †Kb ïiæ nq, †m m¤ú‡K©I weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
 wLjvdZ I Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡bi mswÿß weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
 Av‡›`vjb `yÕwU †Kb e¨_© nq, Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
gyL¨ kãgvjv wLjvdZ, Amn‡hvM, MvÜx, gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avjx
fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡ki ivR‰bwZK BwZnv‡m wLjvdZ I Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ¯’vb `Lj K‡i Av‡Q|
Jcwb‡ewkK kvm‡bi weiæ‡× cwiPvwjZ Av‡›`vjb `yÕwU wQj cÖ_g e¨vcK I RvZxq wfwËK MYAv‡›`vjb|
wn›`y I gymjgvb Dfq m¤úÖ`v‡qi mn‡hvwMZvq ga¨ w`‡q M‡o DVv G Av‡›`vjb e„wUk mvgªv‡Rï fxZ‡K Kuvwc‡q
†Zv‡j| G `ywU Av‡›`vjb †kl ch©šÍ mdj bv n‡jI fviZxq RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ ivR‰bwZK m‡PZbZv e„w×‡Z h‡_ó
mvnvh¨ K‡i|
gymwjg we‡k¦i H‡Kï cÖZxK Zzi‡¯‹i Lwjdvi cÖwZ fviZxq gymjgvb‡ì AvbyMZ¨ I m¤§vb‡eva A‡bK w`b †_‡KB
wQj| cÖ_g wek¦h‡y × Zzi¯‹ e„wU‡ki †bZ…‡Z¡ MwVZ wgÎkw³i weiæ‡× Ges Rvg©vwbi c‡ÿ AeZxY© nIqvq fviZxq
gymjgvb‡ì g‡b ˆØZ AvbyM‡Zï cÖkœ †`Lv †`q| gnvhy‡×i mgq fvi‡Zi gymjgvbMY e„wUk miKvi‡K G k‡Z©
mg_©b †`q †h e„wUk miKvi hy× †k‡l Zzi‡¯‹i Lwjdvi †Kv‡bv ÿwZ Ki‡e bv| wKš‘ hy‡× Zzi‡¯‹i civR‡qi ci
e„wUkiv Zv‡ì cÖwZkÖæwZ f½ K‡i| wgÎcÿ Ôc¨vwim Pzw³iÕ gva¨‡g ZzK©x mvgªv‡Rï eë‡”Q` Ges Lwjdv‡K Ag©hv`v
Kiv nq| d‡j weÿzä fviZxq gymjgvbiv Lwjdvi gh©v`v I Zzi‡¯‹i ALÐZv iÿvi D‡Ï‡k¨ GK Av‡›`vjb M‡o
†Zv‡j| GB Av‡›`vjb BwZnv‡m ÔwLjvdZ Av‡›`vjbÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ| gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avjx, gvIjvbv kIKZ
Avjx, gvIjvbv Aveyj Kvjvg AvRv` cÖgyL †bZv‡ì †bZ…‡Z¡ G Av‡›`vjb cwiPvwjZ nq| 1920 wLª÷v‡ã wgÎcÿ
Zzi‡¯‹i Dci Ô†mfvm© Pzw³Õ Pvwc‡q w`‡q Zzi¯‹ mvgªvR¨‡K P‚ovšÍfv‡e LÐ weLÐ Kivi Ges Zzi‡¯‹i mve©‡fŠgZ¡
wejywßi D‡`¨vM wb‡j wLjvdZ Av‡›`vjb Zxeª AvKvi aviY K‡i|
1919 wLª÷v‡ãi A‡±ve‡i j‡ÿèŠ‡Z fviZxq gymjgvb‡ì GKwU êV‡K me©fviZxq wLjvdZ KwgwU MwVZ nq|
†ev‡¤^‡K †K›`ª K‡i me cÖ‡`‡k KwgwUi kvLv cÖkvLv M‡o †Zvjvi wm×všÍ nq| c‡ii gv‡m G. †K dRjyj n‡Ki
mfvcwZ‡Z¡ w`jøx‡Z wLjvdZ KwgwUi cÖ_g m‡¤§j‡b wm×všÍ nq †h, e„wUk miKvi Zzi‡¯‹i Lwjdvi gh©v`v iÿvi
†Kv‡bv cÖwZkÖæwZ bv w`‡j gymjgvbiv miKv‡ii m‡½ Amn‡hvM bxwZ AbymiY Ki‡e| cÖ‡qvR‡b Zviv e„wUk cYÏ
eR©b Ki‡e| gnvZ¥v MvÜx whwb G mgq e„wUk we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb Movi j‡ÿ¨ wn›`y-gymwjg HK¨ cÖwZôvi c‡ÿ wQ‡jb
wZwb K‡qKRb Ks‡MÖm †bZvmn D³ wLjvdZ m‡¤§j‡b †hvM †`b| wZwb †Ljvd‡Zi wel‡q Ks‡MÖ‡mi c~Y©
mn‡hvwMZvi Avk¦vm cÖ`vb K‡ib| 1920 wLª÷v‡ãi gvP©-A‡±vei gvm ch©šÍ gvIjvbv †gvn¤§` Avjxi †bZ…‡Z¡ GKwU
†Wcy‡Ukb wLjvd‡Zi fwel¨r Av‡jvPbvi Rb¨ jÛb I c¨vwim mdi K‡ib| wKš‘ e„‡Ub A_ev wgÎc‡ÿi †KDB G
†Wcy‡Ukb‡K †Kv‡bv we‡kl ¸iæZ¡ †`q wb| d‡j cÖwZwbwaiv e¨_© n‡q †`‡k wd‡i Avm‡j e„wUk we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb
AviI Zxeª Ges †Rvi`vi nq| 1920 mv‡ji 19 gvP© mviv fvi‡Z wLjvd‡Zi `vwe‡Z niZvj cvwjZ nq| †g gv‡m
†ev‡¤^‡Z †LjvdZ KwgwUi mfvq e„wUk we‡ivax Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡bi Kg©m~wP M„nxZ nq| Ryb gv‡m Gjvnvev‡`

wLjvdZ KwgwUi Avnev‡b wn›`y I gymwjg †bZv‡ì GK mfvq Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡bi Kg©m~wP P‚ovšÍ Kivi Rb¨ GKwU
KwgwU MwVZ nq|
B‡Zvg‡a¨ wLjvdZ Av‡›`vj‡bi cvkvcvwk Av‡iKwU Av‡›`vjb Ks‡MÖm †bZv gnvZ¥v MvÜxi †bZ…‡Z¡ M‡o †Zvjvi
cÖ¯‘wZ P‡j| 1919 wLª÷v‡ãi gvP© gv‡m e„wUk miKvi Pigcš’x wecøex Av‡›`vjb `gb Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ wbeZ©bg~jK
ivIjvU AvBb cvk K‡i Ges webv wePv‡i kZ kZ †jvK‡K Kvive›`x K‡i| D³ AvB‡bi weiæ‡× MvÜxRxi mZ¨vMÖn
I cÖwZev` Av‡›`vj‡bi cUf‚wg‡Z msNwUZ nq 1919 wLª÷v‡ãi 13 GwcÖj RvwjqvbIqvjvev‡Mi nZ¨vKvÐ| e„wUk
†Rbv‡ij Wvqvi wbi¯¿ RbZvi Dci ¸wj Pvwj‡q cÖvq 400 †jvK‡K nZ¨v K‡i| G‡Z Bs‡iR we‡ivax g‡bvfve Pv½v
n‡q D‡V| gnvZ¥v MvÜx gymjgvb‡ì mn‡hvwMZv jv‡fi Rb¨ BwZc~‡e© m„ó wLjvdZ Av‡›`vjb mg_©b K‡ib| wZwb
e„wUk‡ì †`qv ÔKvqmvi-B-wn›`Õ Dcvwa cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡ib|
D‡jøL¨ †h, 1920 wLª÷v‡ãi 10 AvM÷ †mfvm© Pzw³i ci Gi cÖwZev‡` gymjgvbMY 31 AvM÷ wLjvdZ wèm cvjb
K‡i| H eQ‡ii †m‡Þ¤î gv‡m KwjKvZvq Ks‡MÖ‡mi we‡kl Awa‡ek‡b gnvZ¥v MvÜxi Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡bi Kg©m~wP
M„nxZ nq| 1920 wLª÷v‡ãi wW‡m¤^‡i Ks‡MÖ‡mi bvMcyi Awa‡ek‡b Awnsm I Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡bi Ges c~Y©
¯îv‡Ri `vwei †NvlYv †`qv nq| RvZxq Ks‡MÖm Amn‡hv‡Mi Kg©m~wP wn‡m‡e miKvix PvKzix I cèx Z¨vM, miKvix
wkÿv cÖwZôvbmn Av`vjZ I AvBb eëmv eR©b, wejvZx `ªe¨ cwinvi BZ¨vw` cªª¯Íve MÖnY K‡i| GKB mg‡q bvMcy‡i
wLjvdZ KwgwU I gymwjg jxM Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡bi we¯ÍvwiZ Kg©m~wP Aby‡gv`b K‡i Ges ¯îvR Df‡qi g~j jÿ¨
e‡j †NvlYv †`q| d‡j wLjvdZ I Amn‡hvM wn›`y gymjgv‡bi †hŠ_ Av‡›`vj‡b cwiYZ nq|
1921 wLª÷v‡ãi ïiæ‡Z Dfq Av‡›`vjb Zxeª I e¨vcK AvKvi aviY K‡i Ges GK Pig Ae¯’vi m„wó nq| QvÎ-
QvÎxiv miKvix wkÿv cÖwZôvb eR©b K‡i, kªwgKiv KviLvbv Z¨vM K‡i, miKvix PvKzix‡Z fviZxqiv B¯Ídv †`q Ges
AvBbRxexiv Av`vjZ †Q‡o P‡j hvq| Av‡›`vj‡bi Rb¨ Znwej msMÖn I †¯^”Qv‡meK‡ì msMVb Mov ivR‰bwZK
Kg©m~wPi AšÍf©y³ nq| `gb bxwZi Askiƒ‡c e„wUk miKvi nvRvi nvRvi †jvK‡K †MÖdZvi K‡i| A‡b‡K Avevi
†¯^”Qvq KviveiY K‡ib| gymjgvbiv e„wUk †mbvevwnbx Z¨v‡Mi ûgwK †`q|
1921 wLª÷v‡ã Avn‡g`vev‡` Ks‡MÖ‡mi evwl©K Awa‡ek‡b AvBb Agvb¨ Av‡›`vj‡bi Kg©m~wP M„nxZ nq Ges me©Î
APjve¯’v m„wói D‡Ï‡k¨ miKvi‡K Ki I LvRbv cÖ`vb ¯’wMZ ivLvi wm×všÍ nq| wKš‘ Av‡›`vj‡bi †m P‚ovšÍ ch©v‡q
Awnsmvi ¯’‡j mwnsmZvi NUbv N‡U| 1921 wLª÷v‡ãi AvM÷ gv‡m gvjvev‡i †gvcjv K…lKiv Rwg`vi‡ì weiæ‡×
we‡`ªvn K‡i Ges `v½v nv½vgvi Avkªq †bq| Gici 1922 wLª÷v‡ãi 4 †deªæqvwi‡Z DËi cÖ‡`‡ki †PŠwi‡Pviv bvgK
¯’v‡b GK`j weÿz× RbZv _vbv AvµgY K‡i 21 Rb wmcvnx I GKRb `v‡ivMv‡K RxešÍ cywo‡q gv‡i|
MvÜx Zuvi Awnsm I Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb Gfv‡e mwnsmvq cwiYZ n‡Z †`‡L gg©vnZ nb| Ks‡MÖ‡mi evi`vwj
m‡¤§j‡b wZwb nVvr mgMÖ Av‡›`vjb cÖZ¨vnvi K‡ib| G‡Z mviv‡`‡k nZvkvi m„wó nq| miKvi kxNªB MvÜx‡K
†MÖdZvi K‡i| Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡bi Aemv‡b wLjvdZ Av‡›`vjbI `ye©j n‡q c‡o| 1924 wLª÷v‡ã Zzi‡¯‹ Kvgvj
AvZvZzK© wLjvdZ D‡”Q` Kivi ci G Av‡›`vj‡bi P‚ovšÍ cwimgvwß N‡U| wLjvdZ I Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb mdj bv
n‡jI †m MYRvMiY wQj Af‚Zc~e© I Awe¯§iYxq| Dcgnv‡`‡ki ¯^vwaKvi Av‡›`vj‡bi BwZnv‡m Av‡›`vjb `ywUi
Ae`vb I ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg|
wkÿv_©xMY wLjvdZ I Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb wb‡q wn›`y-gymwjg †hŠ_ Av‡›`vj‡bi
wkÿv_©xi KvR
cUf‚wg eY©bv K‡i GKwU iPbv wjLyb|
mvivsk
wLjvdZ I Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb fviZe‡l©i ivR‰bwZK BwZnv‡m AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| e¯‘Z Jcwb‡ewkK kvm‡bi
weiæ‡× GUvB wQj cÖ_g RvZxq wfwËK MYAv‡›`vjb| Zzi‡¯‹i wLjvd‡Zi gh©v`v iÿvi Rb¨ fvi‡Zi gymjgvbMY
wLjvdZ Av‡›`vj‡b †hvM †`q| Ab¨w`‡K Amn‡hv‡Mi D‡Ïk¨ wQj fvi‡Zi Rb¨ ¯îvR AR©b| D‡Ïk¨ I j‡ÿï
wfbœZv _vKv m‡Ë¡I Av‡›`vjb `ywU GKB m‡½ I †hŠ_ †bZ…‡Z¡ cwiPvwjZ nq| wKš‘ Awnsm cš’vq Av‡›`vjb

Pvjv‡bv m¤¢e n‡”Q bv †`‡L nVvr MvÜx Av‡›`vjb eÜ †NvlYv K‡ib| Gi d‡j wLjvdZ Av‡›`vjbI kw³ nvwi‡q
†d‡j Ges Zzi‡¯‹ Kvgvj AvZvZzK© wLjvdZ cÖwZôvb evwZj †NvlYv Kivq fviZe‡l© G Av‡›`vjb A‡K‡Rv n‡q c‡o|
1| †Kvb †`‡ki NUbvq wLjvdZ Av‡›`vj‡bi m~Pbv nq?
K) evsjv L) fviZ M) weª‡Ub N) Zzi¯‹
2| ÔKvqmvi-B-wn›`Õ Kvi Dcvwa?
K) G †K dRjyj nK L) †gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn M) gnvZ¥v MvÜx N) gwZjvj †b‡niæ
3| wLjvdZ Av‡›`vjb PzovšÍfv‡e eÜ nIqvi KviY Kx?
K) Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb ¯’wMZ n‡j L) Zzi‡¯‹ Kvgvj AvZvZz©K ÿgZvq G‡j
M) miKv‡ii `gb Awfhvb ïiæ n‡j N) wLjvdZ †bZv‡ì e›`x Ki‡j
4| Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡b weªwUk‡ì weiæ‡× †Kvb c×wZ‡Z cwiPvwjZ n‡qwQj?
K) Awnsm c×wZ‡Z L) wnsmvZ¥K Kvh©µ‡gi gva¨‡g
M) ¸ß mwgwZi gva¨‡g N) AvBb Agvb¨ c×wZ‡Z
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ
kvmK‡Mvôxi †kvlY I wbh©vZbg~jK AvBb Ges GKwU AvšÍR©vwZK mgm¨v wb‡q GKwU AÂ‡ji `ywU m¤úÖ`v‡qi
†bZ…e„›` `ywU c„_K Av‡›`vjb ïiæ K‡i| G Av‡›`vjb‡K AviI kw³kvjx Ki‡Z Dfq m¤úÖ`v‡qi †bZ…e„›` cvi¯úwiK
H‡Kï gva¨‡g GKwÎZ nq| G‡Z Dfq Av‡›`vjb kvmK‡Mvôx‡K cÖvq †KvbVvmv K‡i †d‡j| GK ch©v‡q wfbœ wfbœ
Kvi‡Y Av‡›`vjb `ywU †_‡g †M‡jI Gi e¨vcK cÖfve kvmK‡Mvôxi Ae¯’v‡K msKUvcbœ K‡iwQj|
K. 1919 wLª÷v‡ãi fviZ kvmb AvB‡b Kviv c„_K wbe©vP‡bi AwaKvi jvf K‡i? 1
L. Ò1919 wLª÷v‡ãi fviZ kvmb AvBb wQj GK iKg ˆØZ kvmb|Ó Dw³wU e¨vL¨v Kiæb| 2
M. ewY©Z Av‡›`vjb `ywU weªwUk kvmbvax‡b †Kvb †Kvb fviZxq Av‡›`vj‡bi mv‡_ mv`„k¨c~Y©? e¨vL¨v Kiæb| 3
N. D³ Av‡›`vj‡bi `ywUi ¸iæZ¡ we‡kølY Kiæb| 4
cvV-10.3 evsjvq mk¯¿ Av‡›`vjb (1911-34 wLª.)

D‡Ïk¨
 evsjvq mk¯¿ Av‡›`vj‡bi D‡Ïk¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 Av‡›`vj‡bi mv‡_ RwoZ msMVb Ges †bZv‡ì bvg ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
 mk¯¿ Av‡›`vj‡bi wewfbœ NUbvi eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
gyL¨ kãgvjv wecøe, gv÷vi `v, cÖxwZjZv, ØxcvšÍi
mk¯¿ wecøex Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖ_g m~ÎcvZ N‡U gnviv‡óª| wKš‘ c‡i G Av‡›`vjb AwaK †Rvi`vi n‡q D‡V
evsjvq| e½f½ I ¯^‡`kx Av‡›`vj‡b miKvix `gb bxwZi †gvKv‡ejvq evsjvi GK †kªwYi hyeK wecøe I

mš¿vmev‡ì c_ †e‡Q †bq| wewfbœ ¸ß mwgwZ cÖwZôvi gva¨‡g Zviv êcøweK wµqvKg© cwiPvjbv K‡i Ges mk¯¿
Av‡›`vj‡bi ga¨ w`‡q e„wUk miKvi‡K DrLv‡Zi †Póv K‡i| ¸ß mwgwZ¸‡jvi g‡a¨ ÔXvKvi Abykxjb mwgwZÕ I
KjKvZvi ÔhyMvšÍi mwgwZÕ wQj cÖavb| mviv‡`‡k Gme msMV‡bi A‡bK kvLv cÖkvLv wQj| ÔhyMvšÍiÕ bv‡g hyMvšÍi
mwgwZi GKwU mvßvwnK cwÎKvI †ei n‡Zv| G `‡ji kxl©¯’vbxq †bZv‡ì g‡a¨ wQ‡jb Aiwe›` †Nvl, evix›`ª †Nvl,
f‚‡c›`ª bv_ `Ë cÖgyL wecøexMY| XvKvi Abykxjb mwgwZi cÖavb msMVK wQ‡jb cywjb wenvix `vm| ¸ß nZ¨v, mš¿vm
I WvKvwZi gva¨‡g Bs‡iR cÖkvmb‡K e¨wZe¨¯Í K‡i †Zvjvi D‡Ï‡k¨ Gme msMV‡bi †bZviv †evgv ˆZwi, A¯¿
msMÖnmn bvbvwea Kv‡R RwoZ nq| c~e© evsjv I Avmv‡gi cÖ_g †jd&‡Ub¨v›U Mfb©i e¨vgwdì dzjvi‡K `yevi nZ¨vi
†Póv P‡j| Bs‡iR g¨vwR‡÷ªU wKsm‡dvW©‡K nZ¨vi †Póvq wb‡qvwRZ cÖdyjø PvKx AvZ¥nZ¨v K‡ib Ges GKB Aciv‡a
a„Z ÿzwìv‡gi duvwm nq| miKvi gvwbKZjv †evgv nvgjvmn wewfbœ Awf‡hv‡M AviI K‡qKRb‡K duvwm †`b Ges
A‡bK‡K Kvive›`x I ØxcvšÍi Kiv nq| miKvix `gb bxwZi d‡j Ges wecøex †bZv‡ì GKvwaK e¨w³ G ivRbxwZ
†_‡K m‡i covq 1911 wLª÷v‡ã e½f½ i‡ì c~‡e©B evsjvi cÖ_g ch©v‡qi mk¯¿ Av‡›`vjb wKQyUv †_‡g Av‡m|
1912 wLª÷v‡ãi †Mvovi w`‡K wecøex Av‡›`vjb cÖavbZ KjKvZv †Kw›`ªK wQj| H mgq KjKvZvi ivRvevRv‡i Ag„Z
nvRivi cwiPvjbvq GKwU †evgvi KviLvbv cÖwZwôZ nq| KjKvZv, h‡kvi I Lyjbvq A‡bK¸‡jv mk¯¿ WvKvwZ nq|
GKB eQ‡ii †kl w`‡K wecøex †bZv ivm wenvix emyi cwiKíbv Abyhvqx w`jøx‡Z jW© nvwW©Ä‡K jÿ K‡i †evgv †Quvov
nq| wKš‘ wZwb A‡íi Rb¨ †eu‡P hvb| miKvi ivm wenvix‡K aivi Rb¨ GK jÿ UvKv cyi¯‹vi †NvlYv K‡ib|
cÖ_g wek¦hy‡×i mgq evsjvq wecøex‡ì g‡a¨ GK`j we‡`k †_‡K A¯¿ msMÖn K‡i m¤§yL hy‡× Bs‡iR‡ì Kv‡Q †_‡K
ÿgZv `L‡ji bxwZ MÖnY K‡i| Gu‡ì g‡a¨ wQ‡jb hZx›`ªbv_ gy‡Lvcva¨vq Ii‡d evNv hZxb, Wv. h`y‡Mvcvj
gy‡Lvcva¨vq, b‡i›`ªbv_ fÆvPvh© cÖgyL| b‡i›`ª bv_ c‡i Gg.Gb.ivq bv‡g weL¨vZ nb| Zuviv Bs‡iR we‡ivax kw³
Rvg©vwb †_‡K A¯¿ mvnv‡hï Avk¦vm cvb| wKš‘ Bs‡iR miKvi wecøex‡ì G Pµv‡šÍi K_v Av‡MB †R‡b hvIqvq
Rvg©vwbi RvnvR Avmvi c_ iæ× nq| G w`‡K evNv hZxb I Zuvi K‡qKRb m½x Dwol¨vi ev‡jk¦‡i Rvg©vb Rvnv‡Ri
Dcw¯’wZi Avkvq nvwRi n‡qwQ‡jb| Zuv‡ì AvMg‡bi msev` †c‡q KwjKvZv †_‡K cywjk Kwgkbvi Pvj©m †UMvU©
GK`j mk¯¿ cywjk wb‡q †mLv‡b Dcw¯’Z nb| evNv hZxb I Zuvi mnKg©x‡ì mv‡_ cywjk evwnbxi ¸wj wewbgqKv‡j
wPË wcÖq bv‡gi GKRb wecøex wbnZ nb| Ab¨ wZb AvnZ mnKg©xmn evNv hZxb aiv c‡ob Ges e›`x Ae¯’vq Zuvi
g„Zz¨ N‡U| Zuvi `yB mnKg©xi duvwm nq Ges GKRb hve¾xeb Kviv`‡Ð `wÐZ nb|
wKš‘ Gme e¨_©Zv wecøex‡ì n‡Zv`¨g K‡iwb| †`wk we‡`wk D”Pc`¯’ miKvix Kg©Pvix nZ¨v Ae¨vnZ wQj| 1916
wLª÷v‡ãi 30 Rvbyqvwi cywj‡ki †WcywU mycvi emšÍ P‡Ævcva¨vq‡K fevbxcy‡i nZ¨v Kiv nq| cywj‡ki m‡½ LÐ hy×
†j‡M _vKZ cÖvqB| 1916-17 wLª÷v‡ã Gi gvÎv e„w× cvIqvq miKvi fviZ cÖwZiÿv AvB‡b A‡bK‡K †MÖdZvi
K‡i| cÖ_g wek¦hy‡×i ci 1920 wLª÷v‡ã G‡ì gyw³ †`qv nq|
1922 wLª÷v‡ã MvÜx Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb cÖZ¨vnvi Kivi ci evsjvq Avevi mš¿vmev`x Kvh©Kjvc ïiæ nq| ci eQi
Ôjvj evsjvÕ kxl©K cÖPvi c‡Î AZ¨vPvix cywjk Kg©Pvix‡ì nZ¨vi Avnevb Rvbv‡bv nq| 1924 wLª÷v‡ãi Rvbyqvwi
gv‡m †Mvcxbv_ mvnv bv‡g R‰bK wecøex KwjKvZvi cywjk Kwgkbvi Pvj©m †UMvU©‡K nZ¨v Ki‡Z wM‡q fzjµ‡g wg:
†W bv‡g mv‡ne‡K nZ¨v K‡i| D³ NUbvq †Mvcxbv‡_i duvwm nq| †m eQ‡ii gvP© gv‡m `wÿ‡Yk¦‡i †evgv ˆZwii GK
†Mvcb KviLvbv Avwe®‹Z … nq| Avwjcyi †R‡ji mycvi ew›` wecøex‡ì cwi`k©b Ki‡Z †M‡j cÖ‡gv` †PŠayix Zuv‡K
†jvnvi io w`‡q nZ¨v K‡i| 1924 wLª÷v‡ãi A‡±ve‡i miKvi †e½j AwW©b¨vÝ Rvix K‡i eû wecøex‡K Kviviæ×
K‡ib| Gi d‡j êcøweK Kvh©Kjvc A‡bKvs‡k nªvm cvq|
1930 wLª÷v‡ã gnvZ¥v MvÜx AvBb Agvb¨ Av‡›`vjb ïiæ Ki‡j êcøweK I mš¿vmev`x Kvh©Kjvc cybivq ev‡o|
1930 wLª÷v‡ãi GwcÖj gv‡m myh©‡mb, whwb gv÷vi `v bv‡g AwaK cwiwPZ, Zuvi †bZ…‡Z¡ PÆMÖvg A¯¿vMvi jywÉZ nq|
m~h©‡m‡bi mn‡hvMx wQ‡jb Aw¤^Kv PµeZ©x, M‡Yk †Nvl, †jvKbv_ ej, AbšÍ wmsn I Ab¨vb¨ eû wecøex| Rvjvjvev`
cvnv‡o wecøex‡ì m‡½ cywj‡ki †h mk¯¿ msNl© N‡U, Zv‡Z m~h©‡m‡bi 12Rb m½xi g„Zz¨ nq| †mbvevwnbxi g‡a¨
nZvn‡Zi msL¨v wQj A‡bK †ewk| PÆMÖvg A¯¿vMvi jyÉb evsjvi hye mgvR‡K Mfxifv‡e cÖfvweZ K‡i Ges G‡Ki
ci GK bvbv msNl© NU‡Z _v‡K| XvKv †gwW‡Kj ¯‹z‡ji QvÎ webq emy cywj‡ki eo mv‡ne †jvg¨vb‡K ¸wj K‡i nZ¨v
K‡i| eûw`b AvZ¥‡Mvcb Kivi ci Ae‡k‡l 1933 wLª÷v‡ãi †g gv‡m m~h©‡mb cywj‡ki nv‡Z aiv c‡ob| wePv‡i
Zuvi duvwm nq| KjKvZvq hyMvšÍi `jI G mgq mwµq wQj| 1930 wLª÷v‡ãi 25 AvM÷ Wvj‡nŠmx †¯‹vqv‡i Pvj©m

†UMvU©‡K nZ¨v Kivi Av‡iv GKwU †Póv wbõj nq| H eQi wW‡m¤î gv‡m webq emy, ev`j ¸ß I `x‡bk ¸ß
KjKvZvi ivBUvm© wewìs-G Kviv wefv‡Mi BÝ‡c±i †Rbv‡ij wm¤úmb‡K nZ¨v K‡ib| webq I ev`j Gi ci
AvZ¥NvZx nb Ges cywj‡ki nv‡Z aiv cvovi ci `x‡b‡ki duvwm nq| 1932 wLª÷v‡ã cÖxwZjZv Iqv‡Ï`vi PÆMÖv‡gi
cvnvoZjx‡Z BD‡ivwcqvb K¬ve Avµg‡Yi †bZ…Z¡ †`b I †`‡ki Rb¨ wbR Rxeb DrmM© K‡ib| H eQiB exbv `vm
evsjvi Mfb©i R¨vKmb‡K nZ¨vi †Póv K‡ib| Zuvi †m †Póv Aek¨ e¨_© nq Ges Zuv‡K hve¾xeb Kviv`‡Ð `wÐZ Kiv
nq| G w`‡K †g‡`bxcy‡i 1931 †_‡K 1933 wLª÷v‡ãi g‡a¨ ci ci wZbRb BD‡ivcxqvb g¨vwR‡÷ªU †Rgm †cwW,
eivU© WMjvm Ges evR© †e½j f‡jw›Uqvm© bv‡gi wecøex Dc`‡ji nv‡Z wbnZ nb| 1934 wLª÷v‡ãi ci evsjvi
mk¯¿ Av‡›`vjb w¯ÍwgZ n‡q hvq Ges wecøex‡ì ivR‰bwZK Kg©aviv wfbœ w`‡K cÖevwnZ nq|
wkÿv_©xi KvR wkÿv_©xMY cÖxwZjZvi wecøex Rxe‡bi Dci GKwU bvwUKv gÂ¯’ Ki‡eb|
mvivsk
e½f½ I ¯^‡`kx Av‡›`vj‡bi cwiYwZ‡Z evsjvq mk¯¿ Av‡›`vj‡bi m~ÎcvZ N‡U| cÖavb `ywU msMVb hyMvšÍi
mwgwZ I Abykxjb mwgwZ wecøex Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖvY¯îƒc KvR K‡i| mk¯¿ Av‡›`vj‡bi gva¨‡g e„wUk miKvi‡K
DrLvZ Kivi j‡ÿ¨ evsjvi AmsL¨ hyeK G Av‡›`vj‡b Ask †bq Ges Rxeb DrmM© K‡i| miKvi‡K mš¿¯Í Kivi
Rb¨ wecøexiv cywjk Kg©KZ©vmn eû miKvix Awdmvi‡K nZ¨v K‡i| we‡`wk mvnvh¨ wb‡q Afz¨Ìvb NUvevi †PóvI
Kiv n‡qwQj| wKš‘ GmeB e¨_© nq| 1934 wLª÷v‡ãi ci evsjvi wecøex mk¯¿ Av‡›`vjb w¯ÍwgZ n‡q hvq|
1| XvKvi Abykxjb mwgwZi cÖavb msMVb †K wQ‡jb?
K) Aiwe›` †Nvl L) evix›`ª †Nvl M) cywjb wenvix `vm N) f~‡c›`ª bv_ `Ë
2| evNv hZxb Kxfv‡e gviv hvb?
K) cywj‡ki mv‡_ msN‡l© L) dvuwmi `Û †c‡q
M) KvivMv‡i e›`x Ae¯’vq N) AvZ¥NvwZ †evgvi we‡ùvi‡Y
3| PÆMÖvg A¯¿vMvi jyÚ‡b †K †bZ…Z¡ w`‡qwQ‡jb?
K) m~h© †mb L) M‡bk †Nvl M) cÖxwZjZv N) †jvKbv_ ej
4| Ôgv÷vi `vÕ bv‡g †Kvb †bZv cwiwPZ?
K) Gg Gb ivq L) ivmwenvix emy M) cywjb wenvix `vm N) m~h©‡mb
cvV-10.4 1919 wLª÷v‡ãi fviZ kvmb AvBb

D‡Ïk¨
 1919 wLª÷v‡ãi fviZ kvmb AvBb cÖewZ©Z nIqvi KviY m¤ú‡K© weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
 1919 wLª÷v‡ãi fviZ kvmb AvB‡bi êwkó¨mg~n eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 D³ AvB‡bi ¸iæZ¡ ev ÎæwU m¤ú‡K© e¨vL¨v w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
gyL¨ kãgvjv fviZ kvmb AvBb, ˆØZ kvmb, n¯ÍvšÍi, msiwÿZ

1909 wLª÷v‡ãi gwj©-wg‡›Uv ms¯‹vi AvBb fviZxq‡ì Avkv-AvKv•ÿv c~iY Ki‡Z e¨_© nq| j‡ÿèŠPzw³i
gva¨‡g Ks‡MÖm I gymwjg jxM kvmbZvwš¿K ms¯‹v‡ii j‡ÿ¨ GK †hŠ_ `vwebvgv miKv‡ii wbKU †ck
K‡i| G w`‡K cÖ_g wek¦hy‡×vËi cwiw¯’wZ †gvKv‡ejv Ges fviZevmx‡K Av‡iv AwaK ¯^vqËkvmb cÖ`v‡bi
j‡ÿ¨ weªwUk miKvi AvBb ms¯‹v‡ii wm×všÍ †bq| GB j‡ÿ fviZ mwPe g‡›U¸ I fvi‡Zi eojvU †Pgm‡dvW© GKwU
cwiKíbv cÖ¯‘Z K‡ib| Gi wfwË‡ZB 1919 wLª÷v‡ã GKwU kvmbZvwš¿K ms¯‹vi AvBb cvm Kiv nq| weªwUk
fvi‡Zi ivR‰bwZK BwZnv‡m G ms¯‹vi AvBb Ôg‡›U¸-†Pgm&‡dvW© ms¯‹viÕ AvBb bv‡g cwiwPwZ|
1919 wLª÷v‡ãi fviZ kvmb AvB‡b †K›`ªxq I cÖv‡`wkK miKv‡ii Kvh©vw` h_vm¤¢e my¯úófv‡e wbw`©ó Kiv nq|
†K›`ªxq miKv‡ii Aax‡b †`kiÿv, ciivóª m¤úK©, gy`ªv, evwYR¨, †ij I WvK cÖf…wZ me©fviZxq welq¸‡jv b¨¯Í Kiv
nq| cÖ‡`‡ki nv‡Z Af¨šÍixY kvwšÍ-k„sLjv, wePvi, wkÿv, ¯^v¯’¨, †Rj, †mP, ¯’vbxq miKvi cÖf…wZi `vwqZ¡ ivLv nq|
†K›`ª I cÖ‡`‡ki g‡a¨ miKvix Avq I eÈb K‡i †`qv nq|
G AvB‡b †K›`ªxq Kvh©wbe©vnK cwil‡ì m`m¨msL¨v e„w× Kiv nq| c~‡e©i b¨vq fvi‡Zi eojvU I fviZ mwPe e„wUk
cvj©v‡g‡›Ui wbKU `vqx _v‡Kb, fviZxq AvBb mfvi wbKU bq| fvi‡Zi †K›`ªxq AvBb mfv‡K cybM©Vb K‡i ivóª
cwil` I AvBb cwil` bv‡g `ywU K‡ÿ fvM Kiv nq| ivóªcwil` ev D”PK‡ÿi m`m¨msL¨v 60 R‡b wba©vwiZ Kiv
nq, Gi g‡a¨ 34 Rb wbe©vwPZ m`m¨ I evKx 26 Rb eojvU KZ©„K g‡bvbxZ n‡eb| AvBb cwil` ev wb¤œK‡ÿi
m`m¨ msL¨v wba©vwiZ nq 145 R‡b, G‡ì g‡a¨ 105 Rb wbe©vwPZ Ges evKxiv g‡bvbxZ n‡eb| g‡bvbxZ‡ì g‡a¨
26 Rb miKvix Kg©Pvix Ges Aewkó n‡eb †emiKvix m`m¨| ivóªcwil` I AvBb cwil‡ì †gqv` h_vµ‡g 5 I 3
eQi Kiv nq| ivóª cwil‡`B mv¤úÖ`vwqKZvi wfwË‡Z wbe©vP‡bi eë¯’v Kiv nq| G AvB‡b gymjgvb m¤úÖ`vq QvovI
cvÄv‡ei wkL, fviZxq wLª÷vb, G¨vs‡jv BwÛqvb Ges BD‡ivcxqMYI c„_K wbe©vP‡bi my‡hvM I AwaKvi jvf K‡i|
hwÌ †K›`ªxq I cÖv‡`wkK miKv‡ii g‡a¨ `vwqZ¡ eÈb Kiv n‡qwQj, Z_vwc †K›`ªxq AvBb cwil`‡K mgMÖ fvi‡Zi
Rb¨ AvBb cÖYq‡bi ÿgZv †`qv nq| †Kvb †Kvb wel‡q AvBb msµvšÍ cÖ¯Íve DÌvc‡bi c~‡e© eojv‡Ui AbygwZ
†bqvi weavb ivLv nq| A_© msµvšÍ hveZxq cÖ¯ Íve GKgvÎ AvBb cwil‡ìB we‡ePbvi GLwZqvi wba©vwiZ nq|
Z‡e †Kvb wej ev AvB‡bi Lmov AvBb cwil‡` AMÖvn¨ n‡jI eojvU Zv Kvh©Kix Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb| d‡j G wel‡q
AvBb cwil‡ì ÿgZv mxwgZ n‡q c‡o|
1919 wLª÷v‡ãi fviZ kvmb AvBb Abyhvqx evg©v I DËi cwðg mxgvšÍ cÖ‡`kmn †gvU `kwU Mfb©i kvwmZ cÖ‡`k
wQj| cÖPzi ÿgZv I my‡hvM myweavi AwaKvix Mfb©i cÖ‡`‡ki h_v_© KZ©„‡Z¡i AwaKvix nb| cÖv‡`wkK kvmb Kvh©
ÔmsiwÿZÕ I Ôn¯ÍvšÍwiZÕ-G `yfv‡M fvM n‡q GK ai‡bi ˆØZ kvm‡bi m~ÎcvZ NUvq| AvBb-k„sLjv, A_©, c~Z©,
wePvi, ivR¯^ cÖf…wZ welq¸‡jv msiwÿZ wel‡qi AšÍf©y³ wQj Ges Mfb©i I Zuvi kvmb cwil` KZ©„K kvwmZ n‡Zv|
cÿvšÍ‡i wkÿv, Rb¯^v¯’¨, K…wl, ¯’vbxq kvmb cÖf…wZ n¯ÍvšÍwiZ welqvwì Aax‡b _v‡K| Mfb©i Zuvi gš¿xmfvi
civgk©µ‡g G¸‡jv kvmb I cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb| Gme `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi Rb¨ gš¿xmfv cÖv‡`wkK AvBb mfvi wbKU
`vqx wQj| msiwÿZ I n¯ÍvšÍwiZ Dfq welq¸‡jvi Dci Mfb©‡ii Aeva KZ©„Z¡ envj ivLv nq| Mfb©i cÖv‡`wkK
AvBb mfvi m`m¨M‡Yi ga¨ n‡Z †h‡Kvb m`m¨‡K gš¿x wb‡qvM Kivi AwaKvix nb|
1919 wLª÷v‡ãi fviZ kvmb AvB‡b e„wUk fvi‡Zi cÖ‡`k¸‡jv‡Z GK Kÿ wewkó AvBb mfvi eë¯’v ivLv nq Ges
Gi m`m¨ msL¨vI e„w× Kiv nq| Zv Qvov G AvB‡b cÖv‡`wkK AvBb cwil‡` wbe©vwPZ m`m¨‡ì msL¨v kZKiv 70
R‡bi Kg Ges miKvix m`‡mï msL¨v 20 R‡bi AwaK n‡e bv ejv nq|
G AvB‡b Bsj¨v‡Û fviZxq nvB Kwgkbvi c‡ì m„wó nq| wZwb †mLv‡b fviZxq QvÎ I kªwgK‡ì ¯^v_© mswkøó
welqvw` I evwYR¨ msµvšÍ wel‡qi ZË¡veavb Ki‡Zb| fviZ miKvi KZ©„K wZwb 5 eQ‡ii Rb¨ wb‡qvM †c‡Zb|
kvmbZvwš¿K ms¯‹v‡ii w`K †_‡K 1919 wLª÷v‡ãi fviZ kvmb AvBb wQj wb:m‡›`‡n GKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ c`‡ÿc|
cÖ_gZ, G AvBb Øviv cÖZ¨ÿ wbe©vP‡bi cÖ_v Pvjy nq Ges †fvUvwaKviI m¤úÖmvwiZ nq| wØZxqZ, AvBb mfvi wbKU
`vqx gš¿xcwil` Gi gva¨‡g MwVZ nq| Gme gš¿xiv wQ‡jb RbM‡Yi wbe©vwPZ cÖwZwbwa I †emiKvix e¨w³| myZivs
G‡Z `vwqZ¡kxj miKv‡ii m~Pbv n‡qwQj ejv hvq| Z…ZxqZ, G AvB‡bi d‡j fviZxq RbMY ivR‰bwZK Ávb I
kvmbKv‡h©i AwfÁZv AR©‡bi my‡hvM cvq|
Z‡e G AvB‡bi mgv‡jvPbvI wQj| Ks‡MÖm Awa‡ek‡b G AvBb‡K Ach©vß I ˆbivk¨RbK e‡j AwfwnZ Kiv nq|
e¯‘Z h_v_© MYZvwš¿K eë¯’v wn‡m‡e wePvi Ki‡j †K›`ª I cÖ‡`‡ki kvmb c×wZi †ÿ‡Î G AvB‡bi ÎæwU †Pv‡L
c‡o| cÖ_gZ, me©‡ÿ‡ÎB Kvh©wbe©vnK cwil` AvBbmfvi wbqš¿Y n‡Z gy³ wQj| wØZxqZ, cÖ‡`‡ki kvmbKvh©

msiwÿZ I n¯ÍvšÍwiZ G `yfv‡M fvM K‡i GKw`‡K ÿgZvnxb `vwqZ¡ I Ab¨w`‡K `vwqZ¡nxb ÿgZv Ac©‡bi eë¯’v
Kiv nq| Gi d‡j myôzfv‡e kvmbKvh© cwiPvjbvi c‡_ cÖwZeÜKZv ˆZwi nq Ges cÖkvmwbK `ÿZv bó nq|
`vwqZ¡kxj miKvi MV‡bi c‡_ GUv AšÍivq m„wó K‡i|
wkÿv_©xi KvR wkÿv_©xMY 1919 mv‡ji fviZ kvmb AvB‡bi Dci GKwU iPbv wjL‡eb|
mvivsk
gwj©-wg‡›Uv ms¯‹v‡ii e¨_©Zv bZzbfv‡e kvmbZvwš¿K ms¯‹v‡ii `vwe‡K †Rviv‡jv K‡i †Zv‡j| cÖ_g wek¦hy‡×i
mg‡q Ks‡MÖm I gymwjg jxM j‡ÿèŠPzw³ bv‡g GK †hŠ_ `vwebvgvq fviZxq‡ì cÿ †_‡K wb‡R‡ì K_v Zz‡j
a‡ib| cieZ©x mg‡q g‡›U¸-†Pgm&‡dvW© ms¯‹vi ev 1919 wLª÷v‡ãi fviZ kvmb AvB‡b H `vwebvgvi wKQy e„wUk
miKvi we‡ePbv K‡i| wKš‘ Zv m‡Z¡I `vwqZ¡kxj miKvi cÖeZ©b ev ¯îvR cÖwZôv fviZxq‡ì †Kv‡bv `vweB M„nxZ
nq wb| e¯‘Z 1919 wLª÷v‡ã fviZ kvmb AvB‡b GK cÖKvi GK‡Kw›`ªK kvmbB cÖwZwôZ nq|
1| 1919 wLª÷v‡ãi fviZ kvmb AvBb Ab¨ Kx bv‡g cwiwPZ wQj?
K) ¯^vqË kvmb AvBb L) fviZ ¯^vaxbZv AvBb
M) gwj©-wg‡›Uv ms¯‹vi AvBb N) g‡›U¸ †Pgm‡dvW© ms¯‹vi AvBb
2| fviZ kvmb AvBb 1919-G ivóª cwil‡ì m`m¨ msL¨v KZRb wba©vwiZ nq?
K) 40 L) 60 M) 105 N) 145
3| 1919 wLª÷v‡ãi fviZ kvmb AvB‡b Mfb©i kvwmZ cÖ‡`‡ki msL¨v KZ?
K) 3 L) 5 M) 10 N) 14
4| g‡›U¸ †Pgm‡dvW© ms¯‹vi AvB‡bi cÖv‡`wkK kvm‡b †KvbwU n¯ÍvšÍwiZ welq?
K) ¯’vbxq cÖkvmb L) c~Z© wefvM M) wePvi wefvM N) ivR¯^ Av`vq
cvV-10.5 †e½j c¨v±, 1923 wLª.

D‡Ïk¨
 †e½j c¨v‡±i D‡Ïk¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 †e½j c¨v‡±i welqe¯‘ m¤ú‡K© weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
 †e½j c¨v‡±i djvdj we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
gyL¨ kãgvjv †e½j c¨v±, †`keÜz, msiwÿZ PvKzix
¯îvR¨ `‡ji †bZv †`keÜz wPËiÄb `vm Ges evOvwj gymwjg †bZv wm‡j‡Ui Awaevmx Ave`yj Kwig
wQ‡jb 1923 wLª÷v‡ã m¤úvw`Z †e½j c¨v‡±i D‡`¨v³v| D`vi wPË ivRbxwZK †`keÜz Abyfe K‡iwQ‡jb
†h, gymjgvb‡ì mg_©b I mn‡hvwMZv Qvov fvi‡Zi Rb¨ ¯îvR AR©b m¤¢e bq| wZwb gymjgvb‡ì ¯^v_© iÿv I bvh¨
`vwe c~i‡Y D`vi g‡bvfve cÖ`k©b K‡ib Ges †m Kvi‡Y ivR‰bwZK Kg©m~wPi gva¨‡g Zv‡ì ¯^v_© msiÿ‡Yi Rb¨

D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb Zuvi d‡ivqvW© cwÎKvi m¤úv`Kxq‡Z †j‡Lb †h, msL¨vMwiô wn‡m‡e evsjvi
gymjgvb‡ì‡K Zv‡ì bvh¨ wnm¨v w`‡Z n‡e| Zviv my‡hvM¨ nIqv ch©šÍ A‡cÿv KiæK- G `vwe MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq| KviY
G hyw³ w`‡qB we‡`wk kw³ wn›`y-gymjgvb Dfq‡KB kvmb ÿgZv †_‡K `~‡i †i‡L‡Q| wPËiÄb `vm evsjvi
gymjgvb‡ì †bZv dRjyj nK I †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`©xi m‡½ evsjvi ivR‰bwZK mgm¨v wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡ib Ges
wn›`y-gymjgvb‡ì `vwe `vIqvi e¨vcv‡i GKwU Pzw³ m¤úbœ K‡ib| G Pzw³ Ô†e½j c¨v±Õ ev Ôevsjv Pzw³Õ bv‡g cwiwPZ|
Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb e¨_© nevi ci wPËiÄb `v‡mi mv‡_ Ks‡MÖ‡mi Ab¨vb¨ †bZv‡ì gZv‰bK¨ nq| wm.Avi.`vm I
Zuvi mg_©KMY eë¯’vcK cwil`¸‡jv‡Z †hvM`v‡bi cÿcvwZ wQ‡jb| Zuviv AvBbmfvq cÖwZeÜKZvg~jK bxwZ
Aej¤^b K‡i 1919 wLª÷v‡ãi ms¯‹vi AvBb APj K‡i w`‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb| 1922 wLª÷v‡ã Ks‡MÖ‡mi Mqv Awa‡ek‡b
Zuvi †`qv D³ cÖ¯Íve evwZj n‡q hvq| G‡Z e¨_© n‡q wZwb gwZjvj †b‡niæ I nvwKg AvRgj Lvb‡K wb‡q 1922
wLª÷v‡ãi 31 wW‡m¤î Ô¯îvR¨ cvwU©Õ bv‡g GKwU ivR‰bwZK `j MVb K‡ib| Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨ ¯îvR¨ cvwU©i
mg_©KMY evsjv cÖv‡`wkK Ks‡MÖ‡m msL¨vMwiôZv AR©b K‡i Ges wm.Avi. `vm I myfvl emy h_vµ‡g Gi mfvcwZ I
†m‡µUvwi wbe©vwPZ nb|
†`keÜz wPËiÄb `vm wQ‡jb GKRb `~i`kx© I ev¯Íeev`x ivRbxwZwe`| wZwb ey‡SwQ‡jb †h eë¯’vcK cwil‡`
gymjgvb‡ì mg_©b jvf Ki‡Z cvi‡j wZwb †mLv‡b Zvui ÔcÖwZeÜK bxwZÕ Kvh©Kix Ki‡Z mÿg n‡eb| ZvQvov wZwb
gymwjg m¤úÖ`v‡qi bvh¨ AwaKvi ¯^xKvi Ki‡Zb Ges ¯îvR jv‡f Zv‡ì mn‡hvwMZv I mg_©b †h AZ¨vek¨K Zv
wek¦vm Ki‡Zb| dRjyj nK I †mvnivIqv`x© mn K‡qKRb gymwjg †bZvi m‡½ wZwb gZ wewbgq K‡ib Ges †k‡l
Zuv‡ì m‡½ †e½j c¨v± bvgK ivR‰bwZK Pzw³‡Z Ave× nb| 1923 wLª÷v‡ãi 16 wW‡m¤î GwU ¯îvR¨ cvwU©i
†K›`ªxq KvDwÝ‡j AvbyôvwbKfv‡e M„nxZ nq| wn›`y I gymjgvb Dfq m¤úÖ`v‡qi cÖwZwbwaiv HK¨g‡Z Av‡mb †h, hLb
¯^vqËkvmb cÖwZwôZ n‡e ZLb G Pzw³i kZ©vbyhvqx cÖ‡Z¨K m¤úÖ`vq wbR wbR AwaKvi †fvM Ki‡e| †jvKmsL¨vi
Abycv‡Z I ¯^Zš¿ wbe©vPb eë¯’vq evsjvi eë¯’vcK cwil‡` cÖwZwbwa‡Z¡i weavb _vK‡e| ¯’vbxq ¯^vqËkvwmZ
cÖwZôvbmg~‡n cÖ‡Z¨K †Rjvi msL¨vMwiô m¤úÖ`vq kZKiv 60wU Avmb cv‡e Ges msL¨vjNyiv cv‡e kZKiv 40wU
Avmb| gymjgvb‡ì Rb¨ miKvwi PvKzixi 55% msiwÿZ _vK‡e Ges †h ch©šÍ Zviv G msiwÿZ ch©v‡q bv †cuŠ‡Q
†m ch©šÍ Zv‡ì ga¨ †_‡K kZKiv 80 Rb‡K miKvwi PvKzix‡Z wb‡qvM Kiv n‡e| G †ÿ‡Î b~b¨Zg †hvM¨Zvi
wfwË‡Z Zv‡ì‡K PvKzix‡Z †bqv n‡e| c‡i gymjgvbMY PvKzixi 55% I Amygjgvbiv 45% jvf Ki‡e| AvBb
cwil‡` †h‡Kvb m¤úÖ`v‡qi wZb PZz_©vsk m`‡mï mg_©b bv _vK‡j H m¤úÖ`v‡qi ag© m¤úK©xq †Kv‡bv AvBb M„nxZ
n‡e bv| gmwR‡ì mvg‡b Mvb evRbv I †kvfvhvÎv Kiv Pj‡e bv Ges ag©xq Abykvm‡bi Rb¨ Miæ RevB Kiv n‡j
†m e¨vcv‡i n¯Í‡ÿc Kiv hv‡e bv|
DcwiD³ Pzw³i d‡j wm.Avi. `v‡mi nvZ kw³kvjx nq| d‡j 1923 wLª÷v‡ãi KvDwÝj wbe©vP‡b ¯îvR¨ cvwU©
msL¨vMwiôZv AR©b K‡i| gymjgvb‡ì msiwÿZ 39wU Avm‡bi g‡a¨ G `j 19wU jvf K‡i Ges c‡i Av‡iv `yRb
G‡Z †hvM †`q| c‡ii eQi KwjKvZv K‡c©v‡ik‡bi wbe©vP‡b ¯îvR¨ cvwU© 75wU wbe©vwPZ Avm‡bi g‡a¨ 55wU jvf
K‡i| wm.Avi. `vm †gqi Ges †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`x© †WcywU †gqi wbe©vwPZ nb| †e½j c¨v‡±i kZ© Abyhvqx
KjKvZv K‡c©v‡ik‡bi PvKzwi‡Z KwZcq gymjgvb‡K wb‡qvM Kiv nq| gymjgvb‡ì mg_©b jvf Kivi d‡j AvBb
mfvq ¯îvR¨ cvwU©i GKwU k³ wfZ M‡o D‡V Ges wm.Avi. `vm miKvi‡K wewfbœ c`‡ÿ‡c evav w`‡Z mÿg nb|
wKš‘ Zuvi wecÿ `j G‡Z wbðzc wQj bv| Lvb evnv`yi †gvkviid †nv‡mb‡K w`‡q miKvi ¯îvR¨ cvwU© ewnf‚©Z
gymjgvb‡ì‡K Gi weiæ‡× eënv‡ii †Póv K‡ib| wKš‘ miKv‡ii †m †Póv wbõj nq|
G Pzw³i d‡j ¯^fveZB gymjgvb‡ì msL¨vMwiô Ask Lykx nb| wn›`y gymjgvb m¤úÖxwZi GKUv AvenvIqv m„wó nq|
wKš‘ wkwÿZ wn›`y ga¨weË I Rwg`vi †kªwY Gi weiæ‡× cÖwZev` Rvbvq| Zv‡ì wbqwš¿Z msev`cÎ †e½j c¨v‡±i
weiƒc mgv‡jvPbv K‡i| 1923 wLª÷v‡ãi wW‡m¤^‡i me©fviZxq Ks‡MÖ‡mi †KvKbv` Awa‡ek‡b G Pzw³ m¤ú‡K© weiƒc
g‡bvfve cÖ`wk©Z nq| Ks‡MÖm mv¤úÖ`vwqKZvi cÖ‡kœ †Kv‡bv c„_K cÖv‡`wkK Pzw³ †g‡b wb‡Z A¯^xK…wZ Rvbvq| Gi
d‡j 1925 wLª÷v‡ãi Ryb gv‡m wm.Avi `v‡mi g„Zzï ci †e½j c¨v± AKvh©Ki n‡q hvq| evsjvq wn›`y gymjgvb
mgm¨vi mgvavb Ki‡Z †P‡q wZwb †h ivR‰bwZK `~i`wk©Zvi cwiPq †`b Zuvi Abymvixiv †mwU Abyaveb Ki‡Z e¨_©

nq| ¯îvR¨ cvwU©i Kg©m~wPi g‡a¨ A‡bK cwieZ©‡bi d‡j wn›`y gymjgvb mf¨‡ì g‡a¨ we‡iva m„wó nq|
mv¤úÖ`vwqKZv cybivq gv_v Pvov w`‡q D‡V| Gi d‡j wn›`y gymwjg H‡K¨ fv½b a‡i Ges wm.Avi. `v‡mi †e½j c¨v±
APj n‡q c‡o|
wkÿv_©xMY wn›`y-gymwjg H‡Kï iƒcKvi †`keÜz wPËiÄb `v‡mi Rxe‡bi Dci
wkÿv_©xi KvR
GKwU Av‡jvPbv mfvi Av‡qvRb Ki‡eb|
mvivsk
1923 wLª÷v‡ã †`keÜz wPËiÄb `v‡mi D‡`¨v‡M evsjvq wn›`y I gymjgvb‡ì g‡a¨ mn‡hvwMZv I m™¢ve cÖwZôvi
D‡Ï‡k¨ GKwU Pzw³ nq| G Pzw³B †e½j c¨v± bv‡g cwiwPZ| G Pzw³‡Z gymjgvb m¤úÖ`vq‡K wKQy †ewk myweav
cÖ`vb Kiv n‡qwQj| wKš‘ †`keÜzi AKvj g„Zz¨‡Z Ges Ks‡MÖm I wn›`y‡ì we‡ivwaZvi Kvi‡Y G Pzw³ AKvh©Ki
n‡q c‡o| ivRbxwZ‡Z cybivq mv¤úÖ`vwqKZv gv_v Zz‡j ùvovq|
1| ¯îvR¨ cvwU© MwVZ nq KZ wLª÷v‡ã?
K) 1922 L) 1923 M) 1924 N) 1925
2| †e½j c¨v‡±i D‡`¨v³v †K?
i. wPËiÄb `vm ii. Ave`yj Kwig iii. myfvl emy
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
3| ¯îvR¨ cvwU©i †m‡µUvwi wQ‡jb †K?
K) gwZjvj †b‡ûiæ L) nvwKg AvRgj M) wm Avi `vm N) myfvl emy
4| †e½j c¨v± Pzw³ ¯^vÿi K‡ib †K?
i. wPËiÄb `vm ii. G †K dRjyj nK iii. †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`x©
cvV-10.6 †b‡niæ wi‡cvU©

D‡Ïk¨
 †b‡niæ wi‡cvU© †Kb ˆZwi n‡qwQj, Zvi weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
 †b‡niæ wi‡cv‡U©i welqe¯‘ m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 †b‡niæ wi‡cv‡U©i cÖwZ wewfbœ `‡ji cÖwZwµqv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
gyL¨ kãgvjv †b‡niæ wi‡cvU©, †Wvwgwbqb, †hŠ_ wbe©vPb
Dcgnv‡`‡ki kvmbZvwš¿K weKv‡ki BwZnv‡m †b‡niæ wi‡cvU© GK g~jëvb I ¸iæZ¡c~Y© `wjj| 1928
wLª÷v‡ã †emiKvix D‡`¨v‡M fvi‡Zi Rb¨ msweav‡bi Lmov iPbvi fvi cwÐZ gwZjvj †b‡niæi †bZ…‡Z¡

GKwU KwgwUi Dci Awc©Z nq| D³ KwgwUi mycvwik wfwËK `wjj Ô†b‡niæ wi‡cvU©Õ bv‡g BwZnv‡m cÖwm×|
1919 wLª÷v‡ã g‡›U¸ †Pgm&‡dvW© ms¯‹vi AvBb fvi‡Zi kvmbZvwš¿K mgm¨v mgvav‡b e¨_© nq| G wel‡q cybivq
eë¯’v MÖn‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ 1927 wLª÷v‡ã fvBmiq jW© AviDBb Rb mvBg‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡ GKwU cvj©v‡g›Uvwi Kwgkb
wb‡qvM K‡ib| wKš‘ mvBgb Kwgk‡b †Kv‡bv fviZxq cÖwZwbwaZ¡ bv _vKvq Ks‡MÖm I gymwjg jxM G‡K †g‡b wb‡Z
A¯^xKvi K‡i| G Kwgkb‡K eR©b Kivi wm×všÍ M„nxZ nq Ges †hw`b D³ Kwgk‡bi m`mïv fvi‡Z c`vc©Y K‡ib
†mw`b niZvj Avnevb Kiv nq Ges ÔmvBgb wd‡i hvIÕ aŸwb DwÌZ nq| BZëm‡i wLjvdZ I Amn‡hvM
Av‡›`vjb-cieZ©x mv¤úÖ`vwqK `v½vi Kvi‡Y wn›`y-gymwjg m¤ú‡K©i DbœwZ weav‡b Ks‡MÖm I gymwjg jxM †bZ…e„›`
G‡Ki ci GK cÖqvm Pvwj‡q hvb| 1927 wLª÷v‡ã Ks‡MÖ‡mi evwl©K Awa‡ek‡b wn›`y-gymwjg mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨
Ab¨vb¨ `‡ji mv‡_ gZ wewbgq K‡i GKwU Ô¯îvR kvmbZš¿Õ-Gi Lmov cÖYq‡bi wm×všÍ M„nxZ nq| Ab¨w`‡K
gymwjg jxMI GKwU mve KwgwU MVb K‡i cÖ¯ÍvweZ kvmbZ‡š¿i Lmovq wb‡R‡ì `vwe `vIqv hv‡Z AšÍf©y³ Kiv hvq
Zvi eë¯’v K‡i| c‡i me `‡ji wbKU MÖnY‡hvM¨ GKwU kvmbZš¿ cÖYq‡bi Rb¨ Ks‡MÖm GKwU me©`jxq mfv Wv‡K|
B‡Zvg‡a¨ fviZ mwPe jW© ev‡K©b‡nW fviZxq‡ì me©m¤§Z GKwU kvmbZš¿ iPbvi P¨v‡jÄ cÖ`vb K‡ib| G j‡ÿ¨
1928 wLª÷v‡ãi †deªæqvwi‡Z Gjvnvev‡` me©`jxq Kbdv‡iÝ AbywôZ nq| wKš‘ mv¤úÖ`vwqK cÖwZwbwa‡Z¡i cÖ‡kœ
we‡iv‡ai Kvi‡Y †Kvb me©m¤§Z wm×v‡šÍ †cuŠQv m¤¢e nq bv| 19 †g Z…Zxq ev‡ii g‡Zv me©`jxq m‡¤§jb e‡m
†ev‡¤^‡Z| D³ m‡¤§j‡b msweav‡bi Lmov cÖYq‡bi Rb¨ GKwU KwgwU MV‡bi wm×všÍ nq| G KwgwU‡Z wn›`y gymjgvb
Dfq m¤úÖ`v‡qi †bZviv wQ‡jb Ges KwgwUi †bZ…Z¡ †`b cwÐZ gwZjvj †b‡niæ| KwgwUi cÖ¯Ív‡e fviZxq‡ì cÿ
†_‡K KZ¸‡jv `vwe P~ovšÍ Kiv nq|
†b‡niæ wi‡cvU©
1928 wLª÷v‡ãi †b‡niæ wi‡cv‡U© fvi‡Zi Rb¨ c~Y© †Wvwgwbq‡bi gh©v`v `vwe Kiv nq| `vwqZ¡kxj miKvi MV‡bi
D‡Ï‡k¨ RbM‡Yi Øviv wbe©vwPZ wØ-Kÿ wewkó GKwU AvBb mfv MV‡bi cÖ¯Íve Kiv nq| cÖ¯ÍvweZ AvBb mfvi ÿgZv
n‡e m‡e©v”P Ges kvmb wefv‡Mi Dci AvBb mfvi c~Y© ÿgZv cÖwZwôZ n‡e| cÖ‡`k¸‡jvi †ÿ‡Î I `vwqZ¡kxj
miKvi cÖwZôvi cÖ¯Íve Kiv nq Ges †K›`ª I cÖv‡`wkK miKv‡ii ÿgZv my¯úófv‡e c„_K K‡i †`qv nq|
cÖ‡`k¸‡jv‡Z GK Kÿ wewkó AvBbmfv cÖwZwôZ n‡e| †K›`ªxq AvBb cwil‡ì wb¤œKÿ I cÖv‡`wkK AvBb
cwil`¸‡jv RbM‡Yi †fv‡U mivmwi wbe©vwPZ n‡e| Av‡MKvi mg¯Í AvB‡b ¯^Zš¿ wbe©vP‡bi †h bxwZ AbymiY Kiv
n‡qwQj G cÖ¯Ív‡e Zv cÖZ¨vnvi K‡i †hŠ_ wbe©vPb bxwZ MÖnY Kiv nq| gymjgvb‡ì Rb¨ ¯^Zš¿ wbe©vP‡bi †Kvb
eë¯’v ivLv nq wb| Z‡e †K›`ª I Agymjgvb cÖavb cÖ‡`k¸‡jv‡Z
†jvKmsL¨vi wfwË‡Z gymjgvb‡ì Rb¨ Avmb msiÿ‡Yi bxwZ M„nxZ
nq| wKš‘ cvÄve I evsjvi †ÿ‡Î gymjgvb‡ì Rb¨ †Kv‡bv Avmb
msiwÿZ ivLvi eë¯’v wQj bv| AvcvZZ `k eQ‡ii Rb¨ msL¨vjNy
m¤úÖ`v‡qi ¯^v‡_© Avmb msiÿY cÖ_v Pvjy _vK‡e| †Wvwgwbqb gh©v`v
`v‡bi ci wmÜz, †ejywP¯Ívb I DËi-cwðg mxgvšÍ‡K Avjv`v cÖ‡`kiƒ‡c
¯^xK…wZ w`‡q gymwjg msL¨vMwiô cÖ‡`‡ki gh©v`v cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e| Z‡e
†mLv‡b Agymwjg msL¨vjNy‡ì Rb¨ Avmb msiÿ‡Yi eë¯’v _vK‡e|
msweav‡b RbM‡Yi †gŠwjK AwaKvi ¯^xK…Z _vK‡e Ges msL¨vjNy
m¤úÖ`v‡qi fvlv, ag© I ms¯‹w… Zi wbivcËv weav‡bi wbðqZvi K_v ejv
nq|
†b‡niæ wi‡cvU© cÖKvwkZ n‡j fvi‡Zi ivR‰bwZK `j¸‡jv c„_Kfv‡e
G wi‡cv‡U©i wePvi we‡ePbv K‡i| 1928 wLª÷v‡ãi †m‡Þ¤î gv‡m
Ks‡MÖ‡mi Kvh© wbe©vnK mwgwZ †b‡niæ wi‡cv‡U©i cÖ¯Íve¸‡jvi cÖwZ
mg_©b Ávcb K‡i| Z‡e RInijvj †b‡niæ G wi‡cv‡U© c~Y© ¯îv‡Ri Rinijvj †b‡niæ

e`‡j †Wvwgwbqb gh©v`v †g‡b †bqvi weiæ‡× Zxeª cÖwZev` Ávcb K‡ib Ges Ks‡MÖm mwP‡ei c` †_‡K B¯Ídv †`b|
wKQy wkL †bZ…e„›` wi‡cv‡U© cÖ¯ÍvweZ mv¤úÖ`vwqK aviv¸‡jv MÖn‡Y Am¤§Z nb| msL¨vjNy wn‡m‡e Zv‡ì we‡kl
AwaKvi¸‡jv ¯^xK…Z bv nIqvq nwiR‡biv Amš‘ó nq| †b‡niæ wi‡cvU© m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ges wewfbœ `‡ji gZvgZ
MÖn‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ 1928 wLª÷v‡ãi wW‡m¤^‡i KjKvZvq †h me©`jxq m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nq †mLv‡b gymwjg jx‡Mi c‡ÿ
†gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn †b‡niæ wi‡cvU© ms‡kva‡bi Rb¨ K‡qKwU cÖ¯Íve Av‡bb| G¸‡jv wQj-
1. †K›`ªxq AvBbmfvq gymjgvb‡ì Rb¨ wZb fv‡Mi GK fvM Avmb;
2. cÖvß eq¯‹‡ì †fvUvwaKvi cÖeZ©b bv nIqv ch©šÍ evsjv I cvÄv‡e gymjgvb‡ì Rb¨ Avmb msiÿY;
3. cÖ‡`k¸‡jvi Rb¨ †iwmWz¨qvwi ÿgZv;
4. †ev‡¤^ †_‡K wmÜzi c„_KxKiY|
wKš‘ wn›`y gnvmfv Gme `vwe gvb‡Z †Kvbfv‡eB ivRx wQj bv| Ks‡MÖmI wRbœvn&i cÖ¯Íve¸‡jvi we‡ivwaZv K‡i|
†Kv‡bv mg‡SvZv bv nIqvq gymwjg jxM †b‡niæ wi‡cvU© MÖnY Ki‡Z Am¤§wZ Ávcb K‡i| jxM †bZ…e„›` G wi‡cvU©‡K
Zv‡ì ¯^v‡_©i cwicš’x we‡ePbv K‡i G‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡ib|
wkÿv_©xi KvR wkÿv_©xMY †b‡niæ wi‡cv‡U©i wewfbœ w`K we‡kølY K‡i GKwU iPbv wjLyb|
mvivsk
fvi‡Zi kvmbZvwš¿K BwZnv‡m †b‡niæ wi‡cvU© GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© `wjj| kvmbZvwš¿K wel‡q wn›`y I gymjgvb‡ì
mg‡SvZvi j‡ÿ¨ Ges fviZ mwPe ev‡K©b‡nW-Gi †`qv P¨v‡j‡Äi †cÖwÿ‡Z msweav‡bi Lmov cÖYq‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨
MwVZ KwgwUi `vwebvgv †b‡niæ wi‡cvU© bv‡g cwiwPZ| fvi‡Zi msL¨vjNy m¤úÖ`v‡qi Rb¨ c„_K wbe©vP‡bi `vwe
cÖZ¨vL¨vZ nIqvq mw¤§wjZ D‡`¨vM e¨_©Zvq ch©ewmZ nq| fvi‡Zi ivR‰bwZK BwZnv‡m Gi cÖfve n‡qwQj
my`~icÖmvix|
1| mvBgb Kwgk‡b cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡iwQj ïayÑ
K) gymwjg jxM L) Ks‡MÖm
M) †`kxq ivR¨ N) weªwUk
2| †b‡niæ wi‡cv‡U©i cÖ¯Íve †KvbwU?
K) †hŠ_ wbe©vPb bxwZ Pvjy Kiv
L) cÖ‡`‡k wØKÿ wewkó AvBb mfv cÖYqb Kiv
M) †K‡›`ª GK Kÿ wewkó AvBb mfv cÖYqb Kiv
N) fvi‡Z c~Y© ¯îvR Pvjy Kiv
3| †b‡niæ wi‡cvU© cÖYxZ nq KZ wLª÷v‡ã?
K) 1927 L) 1928
M) 1929 N) 1930
4| ÔmvBgb wd‡i hvIÕ aŸwbwU †Kb D‡VwQj?
K) gymwjg jx‡Mi †Kvb cÖwZwbwa Kwgkb wQj bv
L) Ks‡MÖ‡mi †Kvb cÖwZwbwa Kwgk‡b wQj bv
M) fviZxq †Kvb cÖwZwbwa Kwgk‡b wQj bv

N) Kwgk‡bi wi‡cvU© fviZxq‡ì cQ›` nq wb

cvV-10.7 wRbœvni †PŠÏ `dv

D‡Ïk¨
 †gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvni †PŠÏ `dv †Kvb cwiw¯’wZ‡Z DÌvwcZ n‡qwQj Zvi weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
 †PŠÏ `dvi welqe¯‘ m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 †PŠÏ `dv `vwei HwZnvwmK ¸iæZ¡ g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
gyL¨ kãgvjv wRbœvn, †PŠÏ `dv, cÖv‡`wkK ¯^vqZ¡kvmb, gymwjg
e„wUk fvi‡Zi ivR‰bwZK AMÖMwZi BwZnv‡m †gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn&i †PŠÏ `dv `vwe GKUv D‡jøL‡hvM¨
NUbv| †b‡niæ wi‡cv‡U© fviZxq gymjgvb‡ì `vwe `vIqvi cÖwZ D‡cÿv cÖ`wk©Z nIqvq 1929 wLª÷v‡ã
wRbœvn& gymwjgjx‡Mi cÿ †_‡K Zuvi weL¨vZ 14 `dv cÖ¯Íve Dc¯’vcb K‡ib| fvi‡Zi fwel¨Z kvmbZš¿
iPbvi †h cÖqvm miKvix I †emiKvix ch©v‡q M„nxZ nq, †PŠÏ `dv `vwe †m †ÿ‡Î wQj Av‡iKwU ms‡hvRb|
Avcbviv c~e©eZ©x cv‡V †R‡b‡Qb ivRKxq mvBgb Kwgkb eqK‡Ui
cvkvcvwk fvi‡Zi ivR‰bwZK `jmg~‡ni D‡`¨v‡M kvmbZ‡š¿i
iƒc‡iLv cÖYq‡bi Rb¨ gwZjvj †b‡niæi †bZ…‡Z¡ GKwU KwgwU
wb‡qvM Kiv nq| †b‡niæ wi‡cvU© bv‡g D³ KwgwUi mycvwi‡k
gymjgvb‡ì Rb¨ c„_K wbe©vPb Ges AvBbmfvq Avmb msiÿ‡Yi
¯^xK…wZ bv _vKvq gymwjg jxM †m wi‡cvU© MÖnY Ki‡Z ivRx nq wb|
1928 wLª÷v‡ãi wW‡m¤^‡i KjKvZvq me©`jxq Kb‡fbk‡b
†gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn& jx‡Mi cÿ †_‡K wKQy ms‡kvabx Av‡bb|
†K›`ªxq AvBb cwil‡` gymjgvb‡ì Rb¨ wZb fv‡Mi GK fvM
Avmb msiÿY, †iwmWz¨qvwi ev AbywjøwLZ ÿgZv cÖ‡`‡ki nv‡Z †`qv
BZ¨vw` wQj Gi AšÍfy©³| wKš‘ wn›`y gnvmfvmn Ab¨vbïv wRbœvn&i
cÖ¯Íve MÖnY Ki‡Z A¯^xKvi K‡i| Zuvi cÖ¯Íve AMÖvn¨ nIqvq wRbœvn&
G‡K wn›`y gymjgv‡bi c‡_i wefw³ e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡ib| †ZR
evnv`yi mvcÖæ wRbœvni cÖ¯Íve †g‡b wb‡q mgm¨vi kvwšÍc~Y© mgvav‡bi
Rb¨ Aby‡iva K‡ib| wKš‘ eû m`m¨ Zv‡Z ivRx bv nIqvq me©`jxq
m‡¤§j‡b †b‡niæ wi‡cvU© m¤ú‡K© HK¨gZ cÖwZwôZ n‡jv bv| G
w`‡K wRbœvn& kxNªB gymjgvb‡ì `vwemg~n web¨¯Í K‡ib, hv Zuvi †gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn
†PŠÏ `dv bv‡g L¨vZ| 1929 wLª÷v‡ãi gvP© gv‡m w`jøx‡Z gymwjg
jx‡Mi KvDwÝj Awa‡ek‡b wRbœvn& Zuvi weL¨vZ †PŠÏ `dv †ck K‡ib| `dv¸‡jv wbæiƒc 
1. fwel¨Z kvmbZ‡š¿i MVb n‡e †dWv‡ij c×wZi| †iwmWz¨qvwi ev AbywjøwLZ ÿgZv _vK‡e cÖ‡`‡ki nv‡Z|
2. me cÖ‡`k‡K GKB ai‡bi ¯^vqËkvmb w`‡Z n‡e|
3. cÖ‡`kmg~‡ni AvBb cwil‡` I Ab¨vb¨ wbe©vwPZ ms¯’vq msL¨vjNy‡ì h‡_ó cÖwZwbwaZ¡ _vK‡Z n‡e| Z‡e †m
cÖwZwbwa‡Z¡i Kvi‡Y msL¨vMwiôiv hv‡Z msL¨vjNy‡Z cwiYZ bv nq †m w`‡K bRi w`‡Z n‡e|
4. †K›`ªxq AvBb cwil‡` gymwjg cÖwZwbwaZ¡ †gvU m`m¨ msL¨vi GK Z…Zxqvs‡ki Kg n‡e bv|
5. wewfbœ m¤úÖ`v‡qi cÖwZwbwa‡Z¡i †ÿ‡Î c„_K wbe©vP‡bi eë¯’v _vK‡Z n‡e| Z‡e †Kvb m¤úÖ`vq B”Qv Ki‡j
c„_K wbe©vP‡bi e`‡j †h‡Kv‡bv mgq hy³ wbe©vPb c×wZ MÖnY Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

6. f~LÐMZ †Kv‡bv cybM©Vb Øviv cvÄve, evsjv I DËi-cwðg mxgvšÍ cÖ‡`‡k gymwjg msL¨vMwiôZv ÿzYœ Kiv hv‡e
bv|
7. mKj m¤úÖ`v‡qi c~Y© ag©xq ¯^vaxbZv I wkÿvi AwaKvi w`‡Z n‡e|
8. †Kv‡bv m¤úÖ`v‡qi wZb-PZz_©vsk m`‡mï m¤§wZ Qvov †Kv‡bv AvBb cwil` ev wbe©vwPZ ms¯’vq D³ m¤úÖ`v‡qi
¯^v_© mswkøó †Kv‡bv AvBb ev cÖ¯Íve A_ev wm×všÍ M„nxZ n‡j Zv êa e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡e bv|
9. wmÜz‡K †ev‡¤^ †cÖwm‡WwÝ †_‡K c„_K Ki‡Z n‡e|
10. fvi‡Zi Ab¨vb¨ cÖ‡`‡ki b¨vq †ejywP¯Ívb I DËi cwðg mxgvšÍ cÖ‡`‡k kvmb ms¯‹vi cÖeZ©b Ki‡Z n‡e|
11. mg¯Í ivóªxq I ¯^vqËkvwmZ ms¯’vmg~‡ni PvKzix‡Z †hvM¨Zv Abymv‡i Ab¨vb¨ fviZxq‡ì b¨vq ch©vß nv‡i
gymjgvb‡ì wb‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|
12. gymjgvb‡ì ms¯‹w… Z, fvlv, wkÿv, ag©, e¨w³MZ AvBb I `vZe¨ cÖwZôvbmg~‡ni msiÿY I Dbœq‡bi Rb¨
cÖ‡qvRbxq AvBb kvmbZ‡š¿ _vK‡Z n‡e|
13. Kgc‡ÿ msL¨vbycvwZK GK Z…Zxqvsk gymjgvb gš¿x Qvov †K›`ª ev †Kv‡bv cÖ‡`‡k gš¿xmfv MVb Kiv hv‡e bv|
14. fviZ †dWv‡ik‡b AšÍf©y³ me iv‡Rï m¤§wZQvov †K›`ªxq AvBbmfv KZ©„K kvmbZ‡š¿ †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b Avbv
hv‡e bv|
†PŠÏ `dvi ¸iæZ¡
wn›`y gymjgv‡bi wgj‡bi †Póv K‡i †gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn& 1929 wLª÷v‡ã mdj n‡Z bv †c‡i †kl ch©šÍ DcwiD³
†PŠÏ `dv `vwebvgv ˆZwi K‡ib| cÖK…Zc‡ÿ Zuvi G `vwe¸‡jv wQj †b‡niæ wi‡cv‡U©i cÖwZev`¯îƒc| G¸‡jv we‡kølY
Ki‡j GUv cwi®‹vi n‡q D‡V †h, 1916 wLª÷v‡ãi j‡ÿèŠPzw³i gva¨‡g gymjgvb‡ì ivR‰bwZK `vwe-`vIqv I Avkv-
AvKvsLv ev¯Íevq‡bi †h kZ©vw` cÖ`Ë n‡qwQj Zvi cÖwZ Ks‡MÖm †bZ…e„›` I Zv‡ì wgÎ‡ì Akª×v I Abxnv fvi‡Zi
gymjgvb‡ì weÿz× K‡i †Zv‡j| 1928 wLª÷v‡ãi †b‡niæ wi‡cvU© fviZxq ivRbxwZ‡Z wn›`y gymwjg H‡Kï †P‡q
A‰bK¨B m„wó K‡i AwaK| Z‡e G‡Z gymjgvb‡ì GKUv jvf n‡q‡Q †h, BwZc~‡e© wef³ gymwjg Dc`jmg~n GLb
†_‡K HKë×fv‡e ivRbxwZ‡Z Ask †bq| ZvQvov cieZx©Kv‡j g¨vK‡Wvbv‡ìi mv¤úÖ`vwqK †iv‡q`v` g~jZ wRbœvn&i
†PŠÏ `dvi Dci wfwË K‡iB cÖYxZ n‡qwQj fvi‡Zi mv¤úÖ`vwqK mgm¨v mgvav‡bi j‡ÿ¨| Kv‡RB †PŠÏ `dv `vwei
¸iæZ¡ wQj Ab¯^xKvh©|
†PŠÏ `dv wRbœvn †Kb cÖYqb K‡iwQ‡jb Zvi cUf‚wg e¨vL¨v K‡i wkÿv_©xMY
wkÿv_©xi KvR
GKwU iPbv wjL‡eb|
mvivsk
wRbœvni †PŠÏ `dv fvi‡Zi kvmbZvwš¿K BwZnv‡m GKUv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© `wjj| fviZxq‡ì cÿ †_‡K msweav‡bi †h
Lmov cÖYxZ n‡qwQj 1928 wLª÷v‡ã, GwU †b‡niæ wi‡cvU© bv‡g L¨vZ| kvmbZ‡š¿ mv¤úÖ`vwqK cÖwZwbwaZ¡ msiÿY
I c„_K wbe©vP‡bi `vwei g‡Zv welq wb‡q †h A‰bK¨ m„wó nq Gi d‡j wn›`y gymjgvb‡ì ivR‰bwZK c_ Avjv`v
nevi Dcµg nq| wRbœvn& gymwjg jx‡Mi c‡ÿ gymjgvb‡ì `vwe¸‡jv web¨¯Í K‡i‡Qb †PŠÏ `dv bv‡g| D³
`dv¸‡jv‡Z gymjgvb m¤úÖ`v‡qi ¯^v_© msiÿ‡Yi Rb¨ wewfbœ `vwe mwbœ‡ewkZ nq| wKš‘ Gi GKUv eo dj wQj
fvi‡Zi ¯^vaxbZv msMÖv‡gi wfbœ c‡_ †gvo †bqv| †kl ch©šÍ mv¤úÖ`vwqK †PZbvi d‡j fviZ wefw³ N‡U|
1| gymwjg jx‡Mi †Kvb KvDwÝj Awa‡ek‡b wRbœvn †PŠÏ `dv cÖ¯Íve †ck K‡ib?
K) w`jøx L) cvÄve
M) wmÜz N) †ev‡¤^

2| †ev‡¤^ †_‡K wmÜzi c„_KxKiY †K †P‡qwQ‡jb?

K) †ZR evnv`yi mvcÖæ L) gwZjvj †b‡niæ
M) gyn¤§` Avjx wRbœvn N) RInijvj †b‡niæ
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co–b Ges 3 I 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi w`b
cÖ_g wek¦ hy‡×i mgm¨v kvwšÍc~Y© mgvav‡bi j‡ÿ¨ gvwK©b †cÖwm‡W›U D‡WªvDBjmb 14 `dv cÖ¯Íve †ck K‡ib|
3| fviZxq kvmbZvwš¿K mgm¨v mgvav‡bi j‡ÿ¨ D³ msL¨K `dv †ck K‡ibÑ
K) gwZjvj †b‡niæ L) gnvZ¥v MvÜx
M) RInijvj †b‡niæ N) gyn¤§` Avjx wRbœvn
4| D³ †bZv KZ wLª÷v‡ã `dv¸‡jv †ck K‡iÑ
K) 1927 L) 1928
M) 1929 N) 1930
cvV-10.8 †Mvj †Uwej êVK

D‡Ïk¨
 1930-32 wLª÷v‡ã jÛ‡b Avn~Z †Mvj †Uwej êV‡Ki D‡Ïk¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 cÖ_g, wØZxq I Z…Zxq †Mvj‡Uwej êV‡K hv Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q †m m¤ú‡K© weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
 †Mvj †Uwej êV‡Ki djvdj g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
gyL¨ kãgvjv †Mvj †Uwej, MvÜx- Avi.DBb Pzw³, c„_K wbe©vPb, msL¨vjNy
1930 wLª÷v‡ã Ks‡MÖ‡mi †bZ…‡Z¡ fvi‡Z ÔAvBb Agvb¨ Av‡›`vjbÕ PjwQj| †m eQ‡ii †g gv‡m mvBgb
Kwgk‡bi wi‡cvU© cÖKvwkZ n‡j fvi‡Zi mg¯Í ivR‰bwZK `j G wi‡cv‡U©i mycvwik MÖn‡Y Am¤§wZ Ávcb
K‡i| †m Ae¯’vq e„wUk miKvi jÛ‡b fvi‡Zi wewfbœ ivR‰bwZK `‡ji cÖwZwbwa‡ì‡K wb‡q GK †Mvj †Uwej êVK
Avnevb K‡ib| D‡Ïk¨ fvi‡Z weivRgvb cwiw¯’wZ I msK‡Ui wbimbK‡í bZzb D‡`¨vM MÖnY Ges fvi‡Zi fwel¨Z
msweav‡bi iƒc‡iLv cÖYqb Kiv| Avn~Z êVK wZbwU Awa‡ek‡b mgvß nq|
cÖ_g †Mvj‡Uwej êVK

†Mvj †Uwej êV‡Ki cÖ_g Awa‡ekb e‡m 1930 wLª÷v‡ãi 12 b‡f¤î| Awa‡ek‡b e„‡U‡bi ivR‰bwZK `j¸‡jvi
c‡ÿ 16, fviZxq ivRbë‡M©i c‡ÿ 13 Ges e„wUk kvwmZ fviZ †_‡K 57 Rb mn me©‡gvU 89 Rb m`m¨ †hvM
†`b| Ks‡MÖm G Awa‡ek‡b †hvM †`q wb| Dcw¯’Z fviZxq †bZ…e„‡›ì g‡a¨ AbybœZ m¤úÖ`v‡qi †bZv W. Av‡¤^`Kvi,
gymwjg jxM †bZv †gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn& Ges †ZR evnv`yi mvcÖæ we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL‡hvM¨| e„wUk cÖavbgš¿x ivg‡R
†gK‡Wvbvì G êV‡K KZ¸‡jv msweavwbK cÖ¯Íve †`b; Zvi g‡a¨ 1. fvi‡Z hy³ivóªxq miKvi MVb, 2.
cÖ‡`k¸‡jv‡Z `vwqZ¡kxj miKvi Ges 3. †K‡›`ª AvswkK `vwqZ¡kxj miKvi MVb msµvšÍ cÖ¯Íve¸‡jv Ab¨Zg|
fvi‡Zi ivRbë‡M©i cÖwZwbwaiv †gvUvgywUfv‡e cÖ¯Íve¸‡jv †g‡b †bb| wKš‘ gymwjg cÖwZwbwaiv mv¤úÖ`vwqK wfwË‡Z
c„_K wbe©vP‡bi `vwe K‡ib| †gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn gymjgvb m¤úÖ`v‡qi b~¨bZg `vwe wn‡m‡e Zuvi †PŠÏ `dv `vwei
cybiæ‡jøL K‡ib| Zcwmjx m¤úÖ`v‡qi Zid †_‡K W±i Av‡¤^`KviI c„_K wbe©vP‡bi `vwe K‡ib| wn›`y cÖwZwbwaiv

†hŠ_ wbe©vP‡bi c‡ÿ wQ‡jb, hwÌ Zuviv msL¨vjNy‡ì Rb¨ Avmb msiÿb bxwZ mg_©b K‡ib| hv †nvK, mv¤úÖ`vwqK
cÖ‡kœ gZ‰ØZZvi Kvi‡Y Ks‡MÖm G êVK eR©b Kivq †Mvj †Uwej êVK gyjZwe n‡q hvq|
wØZxq †Mvj †Uwej êVK

MvÜx-AviDBb Pzw³i ci 1931 wLª÷v‡ã jÛ‡b wØZxq †Mvj †Uwej êV‡Ki Av‡qvRb Kiv nq| Ks‡MÖ‡mi GKK
cÖwZwbwaiƒ‡c Gg. †K MvÜx G êV‡K †hvM`vb K‡ib| †dWv‡ij eë¯’v I msL¨jNy cÖkœ-G `ywU wQj êV‡Ki cÖavb
Av‡jvP¨ welq| ïiæ‡Z MvÜx Ks‡MÖm‡K fviZxq RbM‡Yi cÖwZwbwa‡Z¡i GKgvÎ `vwe`vi ej‡j Dcw¯’Z Ab¨vb¨
fviZxq †bZ…e„›` mw¤§wjZfv‡e Gi Kov cÖwZev` Rvbvb| gymwjg jxM AšÍe©ZxKvjxb †gqv‡` †K‡›`ª ˆØZkvmb
eë¯’vi cÖeZ©‡bi e¨vcv‡i Gi c~e© wm×v‡šÍ AUj _v‡K| wKš‘ MvÜx G‡Z ivRx wQ‡jb bv| wZwb eis Awej‡¤^ †K‡›`ª
I cÖ‡`‡k GKB m‡½ `vwqZ¡kxj miKvi cÖwZôvi `vwe Rvbvb| eojv‡Ui we‡kl ÿgZviI wZwb we‡ivwaZv K‡ib|
wKš‘ msL¨jNy‡ì cÖkœB eo n‡q †`Lv †`q| d‡j MvÜxi cÖ¯vÍ e evwZj n‡q hvq| cÖavbZ msL¨vMwiô wn›`y‡ì cÖfve
n«vm Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨B gymjgvb, wkL, A¨vs‡jv BwÛqvb Ges AbybœZ m¤úÖ`v‡qi cÖwZwbwaiv cÖ‡Z¨‡KB wbR wbR
m¤úÖ`v‡qi Rb¨ we‡kl Avmb msiÿ‡Yi `vwe Rvbvq| msL¨vjNy m¤úÖ`v‡qi †bZ…e„›` GK †hŠ_ wee„wZi gva¨‡g c„_K
wbe©vPb cÖ_v envj ivLvi Av‡e`b K‡ib| wKš‘ mv¤úÖ`vwqK mgm¨vi †Kv‡bv me©m¤§Z wm×všÍ MÖnY m¤¢e nq wb| MvÜx
kZ †Póv K‡iI msL¨vjNy m¤úÖ`v‡qi cÖwZwbwa‡ì ¯^g‡Z Avb‡Z e¨_© nb| †kl ch©šÍ weªwUk cÖavbgwš¿ †gK‡Wvbvì
†NvlYv K‡ib †h, mv¤úÖ`vwqK mgm¨vi mgvavb bv n‡j msweavb iPbv Kiv m¤¢e bq| fviZevmx G wel‡q GKgZ
n‡jB Z‡e e„wUk miKv‡ii wKQy KiYxq Av‡Q| Gfv‡e †Kv‡bv mgm¨viB mwVK mgvavb w`‡Z cv‡i wb †Mvj †Uwej
êV‡Ki wØZxq Awa‡ekb| †dWv‡ij c×wZ, m¤úÖ`vwqK cÖwZwbwa‡Z¡i welq, †K›`ª-cÖ‡`k m¤úK© G me mgm¨vi
mgvavb Lu‡y R cvIqv hvqwb| Gme mgm¨v mvg‡b †i‡LB 1931 wLª÷v‡ãi 1 wW‡m¤î †Mvj †Uwej êV‡Ki wØZxq
Awa‡ekb †kl nq|
Z…Zxq †Mvj‡Uwej êVK

†Mvj †Uwej êV‡Ki Z…Zxq Awa‡ekb e‡m 1932 wLª÷v‡ãi 17 b‡f¤î| 24 wW‡m¤î ch©šÍ Zv ¯’vqx nq| Av‡Mi
`ywU Awa‡ek‡bi Zzjbvq A‡bK Kg cÖwZwbwa G‡Z Ask MÖnY K‡ib| Ks‡MÖmI G Awa‡ek‡b cÖwZwbwa cvVvq wb|
wZbwU welq G m‡¤§j‡b ¸iæZ¡ jvf K‡i, h_v- 1. wK wK k‡Z©i wfwË‡Z ivR¨¸‡jv †dWv‡ik‡b †hvM †`‡e, 2.
Aewkó ÿgZvi eÈb Ges 3. e„wUk kvm‡bi M¨vivw›U| cÖwZwbwae‡M©i A‡bK `vwe e„wUk miKvi KZ©„K cÖZ¨vL¨vZ
nq| hv †nvK, fvi‡Z ZLbI AvBb Agvb¨ Av‡›`vjb PjwQj| fviZxq RbM‡Yi D‡ËRbv cÖkwgZ Kivi R‡b¨ e„wUk
miKvi †Mvj †Uwej Av‡jvPbvi djvdj GKwU †k¦ZcÎ AvKv‡i cÖKvk K‡i| hwÌ Gme cÖ‡Póvq kvmbZvwš¿K
mgm¨vi †Kv‡bv mgvavb mwVKfv‡e wPwýZ Kiv m¤¢e nq wb|
wkÿv_©xMY HwZnvwmK †Mvj †Uwe‡ji Av‡jv‡K wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ D³ wel‡q GKwU

wkÿv_©xi KvR
†Mvj †Uwej Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|
mvivsk
†b‡niæ wi‡cv‡U©i mycvwik gymwjg jxM MÖnY K‡i wb| Ab¨w`‡K mvBgb Kwgk‡bi wi‡cvU©I fviZxq †bZ…e„›`
AMÖvn¨ K‡ib| Gi d‡j kvmbZvwš¿K wel‡q Av‡jvPbvi Rb¨ e„wUk miKvi fviZxq †bZ…e„›`‡K jÛ‡b GK †Mvj
†Uwej êV‡K AvnŸvb K‡ib| cÖ_g êV‡K RvZxq Ks‡MÖm Abycw¯’Z _v‡K| wØZxq êV‡K Ks‡MÖ‡mi c‡ÿ Gg. †K
MvÜx †hvM`vb K‡ib| wKš‘ AvBb mfvq msL¨vjNy m¤úÖ`v‡qi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ msiÿY I c„_K wbe©vPbx eë¯’vi `vwe
Ks‡MÖm KZ©„K M„nxZ bv nIqvq †Mvj †Uwej êVK e¨_© n‡q hvq| Z…Zxq †Mvj †Uwej êV‡K Ks‡MÖm bv _vKvq †kl
ch©šÍ †Kvb wm×všÍ ev Pzw³ wKQyB AR©b m¤¢e nq wb|

1| weªwUk kvmbvg‡j cÖ_g †Mvj †Uwej êVK KZ wLª÷v‡ã AbywôZ nq?
K) 1929 L) 1930 M) 1931 N) 1932
2| weªwUk kvmbvg‡j cÖ_g †Mvj †Uwej êV‡K cÖ`Ë mvsweavwbK cÖ¯Íve Kx?
i. hy³ivóªxq kvmb
ii. cÖ‡`‡k `vwqZ¡kxj miKvi
iii. †K‡›`ª AvswkK `vwqZ¡kxj miKvi
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co–b Ges 3 I 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi w`b|
GKwU AÂ‡ji kvmbZvwš¿K ms¯‹v‡ii j‡ÿ¨ we‡`wk kvmK‡Mvôxi †`‡k cici K‡qKwU êVK AbywôZ nq| †kl
ch©šÍ †Kv‡bv kvmbZvwš¿K wm×všÍ bv nIqvq D³ êVK e¨_© nq|
3| ewY©Z êVKwUi bvg Kx?
i. cÖ_g †Mvj †Uwej êVK
ii. wØZxq †Mvj †Uwej êVK
iii. Z…Zxq †Mvj †Uwej êVK
4| D³ êV‡K AbybœZ m¤úÖ`v‡qi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡ib †K?
K) W. Av‡¤^`Kvi L) †ZR evnv`yi mvcÖæ M) gnvZ¥v MvÜx N) †gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn
cvV-10.9 mv¤úÖ`vwqK †iv‡q`v` (1932 wLª.)

D‡Ïk¨
 mv¤úÖ`vwqK †iv‡q`v` m¤ú‡K© weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
 mv¤úÖ`vwqK †iv‡q`v` †Kb †NvwlZ n‡qwQj, eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 mv¤úÖ`vwqK †iv‡q`v‡ì welqe¯‘ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 mv¤úÖ`vwqK †iv‡q`v` m¤ú‡K© wewfbœ `j I †Mvôxi cÖwZwµqv m¤ú‡K© e¨vL¨v w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
gyL¨ kãgvjv mv¤úª`vwqK †iv‡q`v`, gymjgvb, wkL, nwiRb
1919 wLª÷v‡ãi fviZ kvmb AvB‡bi Kvh©KvwiZv wbiƒcY Ges kvmbZvwš¿K ms¯‹v‡ii †ÿ‡Î cieZ©x
KiYxq wba©vi‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ 1927 wLª÷v‡ã e„wUk miKvi mvBgb Kwgkb wb‡qvM K‡i| wKš‘ fvi‡Zi me
ivR‰bwZK `j G‡K eqKU Kivq Kwgk‡bi wi‡cvU© MÖnY Ki‡ZI Zviv A¯^xKvi K‡i| e„wUk miKvi G mg‡q

fviZxq †bZ…e„‡›ì m‡½ Av‡jvPbvi Rb¨ jÛ‡b GK †Mvj †Uwej êV‡Ki Av‡qvRb K‡i| 1930 wLª÷v‡ã †Mvj
†Uwej êV‡Ki cÖ_g Awa‡ekb AbywôZ nq| wKš‘ mv¤úÖ`vwqK cÖwZwbwa‡Z¡i `vwei †ÿ‡Î mg‡SvZvi Afv‡e Ges
Ks‡MÖm G Awa‡ek‡b †hvM bv †`qvq D³ Awa‡ekb e¨_© nq| c‡ii eQi AbywôZ †Mvj †Uwej êV‡Ki wØZxq
Awa‡ek‡bi †kl w`‡K e„wUk cÖavbgš¿x ivg‡R g¨vK‡Wvbvì AwZ ¯úó fvlvq D”PviY K‡ib †h, fvi‡Zi wewfbœ
m¤úÖ`vq wb‡Riv wb‡R‡ì MÖnY‡hvM¨ dg©~jv †ei Ki‡Z bv cvi‡j e„wUk miKvi GKKfv‡e G wel‡q wm×všÍ w`‡Z
eva¨ n‡eb| wØZxq †Mvj †Uwej êV‡KI msL¨vjNy mgm¨v m¤ú‡K© fviZxq †bZv‡ì g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv g‰ZK¨ nq wb|
d‡j wewfbœ m¤úÖ`v‡qi †bZ…e„›` e„wUk cÖavbgš¿xi Dci Pvc cÖ‡qvM K‡ib G mgm¨vi mgvav‡bi R‡b¨| wZwb D™¢zZ
cwiw¯’wZ‡Z ¯^xq D‡`¨v‡M G †iv‡q`v` †NvlYv K‡ib| GUvB Ômv¤úÖ`vwqK †iv‡q`v`Õ ev Ômv¤úÖ`vwqK euv‡UvqvivÕ bv‡g
AwfwnZ| 1932 wLª÷v‡ãi 16 AvM÷ G †iv‡q`v` †NvlYv Kiv nq|
mv¤úÖ`vwqK †iv‡q`v` fviZe‡l©i mv¤úÖ`vwqK mgm¨vi mgvav‡bi j‡ÿ¨ wb‡¤œi wm×všÍmg~n Av‡ivc K‡i:
1. cÖ‡`k¸‡jvi AvBb mfvq wewfbœ m¤úÖ`v‡qi g‡a¨ Avmb eÈb Kiv nq|
2. †iv‡q`v‡` gymjgvb, wkL, fviZxq wLª÷vb, G¨vs‡jv-BwÛqvb I bvix m¤úÖ`v‡qi `vwe †g‡b wb‡q c„_K wbe©vP‡bi
eë¯’v Kiv nq| A_©vr Gme m¤úÖ`v‡qi Rb¨ msiwÿZ Avm‡b †Kej †m m¤úÖ`v‡qi †jvKivB †fvU †`‡e| Giv
GKB m‡½ Avevi mvaviY wbe©vPbx GjvKvqI †fvU w`‡Z cvi‡e|
3. kªwgK I ewYK msMVb, Rwg`vi Ges wek¦we`¨vjq¸‡jv‡KI wbw`©ó Avmb Ges c„_K wbe©vPbx GjvKv cÖ`vb Kiv nq|
4. mv¤úÖ`vwqK †iv‡q`v‡` nwiRb‡ì msL¨vjNy wn‡m‡e †NvlYv Kiv nq Ges Gme AbybœZ †kªwYi wn›`y‡ì Rb¨
c„_K Avmb wba©vwiZ nq| Zv‡ì‡K GKvav‡i c„_K wbe©vPbx GjvKv Ges mvaviY wbe©vPbx GjvKvq †fvU `v‡bi
my‡hvM †`qv nq|
5. wn›`y msL¨vMwiô cÖ‡`‡k gymjgvb‡ì we‡kl myweav `vb K‡i G †iv‡q`v`|
6. cvÄv‡e wkL I evsjv cÖ‡`‡k BD‡ivwcqvb‡ì‡K Zv‡ì RbmsL¨vi nv‡ii †P‡q AwaK Avmb eivÏ Kiv nq|
7. †ev‡¤^ cÖ‡`‡k gvivVx‡ì Rb¨ msiwÿZ nq 7wU Avmb| GQvov bvix‡ì‡KI m¤úÖ`vqMZ wfwË‡Z Avmb cÖ`vb
Kiv nq|
8. wbe©vPbx GjvKvi mxgvbv wba©vi‡bi myweav‡_© wewfbœ m¤úÖ`vq‡K †`qv Avm‡bi mvgvb¨ iè`j n‡Z cv‡i e‡j
†iv‡q`v‡` †NvlYv Kiv nq|
mv¤úÖ`vwqK †iv‡q`v‡ì weiæ‡× wewfbœ m¤úÖ`vq I ivR‰bwZK `j Zxeª cÖwZwµqv e¨³ K‡i| nwiRb m¤úÖ`vq‡K
¯^Zš¿ wbe©vP‡bi myweav †`qvq wn›`y‡ì cÿ †_‡K cÖwZev‡ì So I‡V| wkL m¤úÖ`vqI Gi we‡ivwaZv K‡i|
Ks‡MÖ‡mi cÿ †_‡K †iv‡q`v‡ì weiæ‡× Zxeª wb›`v Kiv nq| Ks‡MÖm †bZ…e„›` Awf‡hvM K‡ib †h, gymjgvbiv A‡bK
cÖ‡`‡k msL¨v jNy nIqv m‡Ë¡I RbmsL¨vi Zzjbvq Zv‡ì‡K †ewk Avmb †`qv n‡q‡Q| Avevi cvÄve cÖ‡`‡k wkL‡ì
RbmsL¨vi Zzjbvq AwaK cÖwZwbwaZ¡ †`qvq †mLv‡b wn›`y‡ì Avmb K‡g hvq|
nwiRb‡ì c„_K wbe©vPb cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g wn›`y m¤úÖ`vq‡K wef³ Kivi cÖwZev‡` MvÜx cybv KvivMv‡i Avgib Abkb
ïiæ K‡ib| Zuvi Abkb ag©NU fvi‡Zi me©Î Mfxi cÖwZwµqv m„wó K‡i| †kl ch©šÍ MvÜxi Rxeb euvPvevi D‡Ï‡k¨
nwiRb m¤úÖ`v‡qi †bZv W: Av‡¤^`Kvimn Ab¨viv Zv‡ì Rb¨ c„_K wbe©vP‡bi myweav Z¨vM Ki‡Z ivRx nb| Zuviv
cybv‡Z MvÜxi m‡½ GK Pzw³‡Z Ave× nb| GUvB cybv Pzw³ bv‡g cwiwPZ| G Pzw³i gva¨‡g w¯’i nq †h, nwiRb‡ì
Rb¨ wKQymsL¨K Avmb wbw`©ó _vK‡e| Z‡e Zviv mvaviY wn›`y‡ì †fv‡U wbe©vwPZ n‡eb| Ks‡MÖm I Ab¨vb¨ wn›`y
†bZ…e„›` mv¤úÖ`vwqK †iv‡q`v‡` nwiRb‡ì Rb¨ c„_K wbe©vPb eë¯’v‡K ÔRvwZi ivR‰bwZK msnwZ webv‡mi PµvšÍÕ
e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡ib|
G w`‡K gymwjg jxM I mv¤úÖ`vwqK †iv‡q`v‡` m¤ú~Y© mš‘ó n‡Z cv‡i wb| KviY Zv‡Z gymjgvb‡ì Avmb msiÿY
m¤úwK©Z `vwe cwic~Y©fv‡e gvbv nq wb| ZvQvov †K›`ªxq AvBbmfvi e¨vcv‡iI e„wUk cÖavbgš¿xi cÖ¯Ív‡e wKQyB D‡jøL
wQj bv| cvÄve cÖ‡`‡ki e¨vcv‡i gymjgvb‡ì AvcwË wQj me‡P‡q †ewk| Zey Zviv mv¤úÖ`vwqK †iv‡q`v` †g‡b
†bq| 1933 wLª÷v‡ã gymwjg jx‡Mi Awa‡ek‡b ejv nq †h, hwÌ G wm×všÍ gymwjg `vwei Zzjbvq AcÖZzj, ZeyI
†`‡ki e„nËi ¯^v‡_© gymjgvbiv GUv †g‡b wb‡”Q|

wkÿv_©xi KvR wkÿv_©xMY mv¤úª`vwqK †iv‡q`v‡ì Dci GKwU iPbv wjL‡eb
mvivsk
mvBgb Kwgk‡bi wi‡cvU© Ks‡MÖm I gymwjg jxM cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i| Gici e„wUk miKvi fviZxq †bZ…e„›`‡K jÛ‡b
GK †Mvj‡Uwej êV‡K Avnevb K‡ib| `ywU †Mvj †Uwej êVK †k‡lI AvBb mfvq wewfbœ m¤úÖ`v‡qi Avmb
msiÿ‡Yi `vwei wel‡q †Kvb HK¨gZ nqwb| ZLb e„wUk cÖavbgš¿x ivg‡R g¨vK‡Wvbvì G wel‡q mgm¨vi
mgvavbK‡í ¯^xq D‡`¨‡M GK Ômv¤úÖ`vwqK †iv‡q`v`Õ †NvlYv K‡ib| †mLv‡b wewfbœ m¤úÖ`v‡qi Rb¨ wKQy Avmb
msiÿ‡Yi eë¯’vmn c„_K wbe©vP‡bi my‡hvM †`qv nq| wKš‘ Gi weiæ‡× wewfbœ m¤úÖ`vq I `‡ji cÿ †_‡K Zxeª
cÖwZwµqv e¨³ Kiv nq| gymjgvbiv Aek¨ cÖwZev` m‡Ë¡I mv¤úÖ`vwqK †iv‡q`v` MÖnY Kivi wm×všÍ †bq|
1| cybv Pzw³ wK‡mi cÖfv‡e ¯^vÿwiZ n‡qwQj?
i. bvix‡ì ga¨ †_‡K cÖwZwbwa wbev©Pb
ii. †gvnb `vm Kig Pv` MvÜxi Avgib Abkb
iii. mv¤úÖv`vwqK †iv‡q`v`
2| mv¤úÖ`vwqK †iv‡q`v‡` †NvwlZ nq KZ wLª÷v‡ã?
K) 1929 L) 1930
M) 1931 N) 1932
3| mv¤úÖ`vwqK †iv‡q`v‡` Kv‡ì‡K msL¨vjNy †NvlYv K‡i msiwÿZ Avmb †`qv nq?
K) gymjgvb L) wkL
M) fviZxq wLª÷vb N) nwiRb
4| †ev‡¤^ cÖ‡`‡k gvivVx‡ì Rb¨ msiwÿZ Avmb KZwU wQj?
K) 5 L) 6
M) 7 N) 8
cvV-10.10 1935 wLª÷v‡ãi fviZ kvmb AvBb

D‡Ïk¨
 1935 wLª÷v‡ãi fviZ kvmb AvBb †h cUf‚wg‡Z ˆZwi n‡q‡Q Zvi weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
 1935 wLª÷v‡ãi fviZ kvmb AvB‡bi cÖavb êwkó¨mg~n eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 G AvBb m¤ú‡K© wewfbœ `‡ji cÖwZwµqv g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
gyL¨ kãgvjv fviZ kvmb AvBb, wØKÿ wewkó AvBb mfv, cÖv‡`wkK ¯^vqZ¡kvmb

1935 wLª÷v‡ãi fviZ kvmb AvBbwU wQj GKwU mye„nr `wjj| fvi‡Zi kvmbZvwš¿K BwZnv‡m GwU GK
¸iæZ¡c~Y© ¯’vb `Lj K‡i i‡q‡Q| 1947 wLª÷v‡ã fviZ wefw³i mgqI G AvBb Kvh©Kix wQj| ¯^vaxb
ivóª fviZ I cvwK¯Ív‡bi wbR¯^ msweavb ˆZwi bv nIqv ch©šÍ G AvBb ms‡kvwaZ AvKv‡i ejer _v‡K|
1927 wLª÷v‡ã MwVZ mvBgb Kwgk‡bi wi‡cvU© 1930 wLª÷v‡ã cÖKvwkZ nq| wKš‘ fviZxq ivR‰bwZK `j¸‡jv
G‡K cÖZ¨vLv¨vb K‡i| Avcbviv c~e©eZ©x cv‡V †R‡b‡Qb e„wUk miKvi msweavb wel‡q fviZxq †bZ…e„‡›ì gZvgZ
Rvbvi Rb¨ jÛ‡b †Mvj‡Uwej êV‡Ki Av‡qvRb K‡iwQj| wZbwU †Mvj †Uwej êV‡K Av‡jvPbv K‡iI kvmbZvwš¿K
mgm¨vi †Kv‡bv mgvavb nq wb| B‡Zvg‡a¨ e„wUk cÖavbgš¿x ivg‡R g¨vK‡Wvbvì AvBb mfvq wewfbœ m¤úÖ`v‡qi
cÖwZwbwa‡Z¡i cÖ‡kœ ¯^xq wm×v‡šÍ GK mv¤úÖ`vwqK †iv‡q`v` †NvlYv K‡ib| Ks‡MÖmmn wewfbœ `j I m¤úÖ`vq Gi Zxeª
wb›`v Ávcb K‡i| wZbwU †Mvj‡Uwej êV‡Ki Av‡jvPbv m¤^wjZ GKwU †k¦ZcÎ e„wUk miKvi cÖKvk K‡i 1933
wLª÷v‡ã| mvBgb Kwgk‡bi wi‡cvU© Ges D³ †k¦Zc‡Îi Av‡jv‡K c‡ii eQi fvi‡Zi Rb¨ GKUv bZzb msweav‡bi
Lmov cÖKvwkZ nq| G Lmovi wfwË‡ZB 1935 wLª÷v‡ã e„wUk cvj©v‡g‡›Ui Dfq nvD‡m fvi‡Zi kvmbKv‡h©i Rb¨
GKUv bZzb kvmbZš¿ M„nxZ nq| GUvB 1935 wLª÷v‡ãi weL¨vZ fviZ kvmb AvBb|
fviZ kvmb AvB‡bi cÖavb êwkó¨mg~n
fviZ kvm‡b hy³ivóªxq miKvi c×wZ Ges cÖ‡`‡k ¯^vqËkvmb cÖeZ©b wQj 1935 wLª÷v‡ãi fviZ kvmb AvB‡bi
Ab¨Zg êwkó¨| G AvB‡b w¯’i nq †h, e„wUk fvi‡Zi cÖ‡`kmg~n I †`kxq ivR¨¸‡jv‡K wb‡q GKUv hy³ivóª MwVZ
n‡e| hy³iv‡óªi kvmbfvi Mfb©i †Rbv‡ij I Zuvi gš¿xmfvi nv‡Z b¨¯Í _vK‡e| gš¿xMY AvBb mfvi ga¨ †_‡K
Mfb©i †Rbv‡ij KZ©„K wb‡qvwRZ n‡eb Ges Zuviv AvBb mfvi wbKU `vqx _vK‡eb|
†K›`ªxq miKv‡ii kvmbKvh© msiwÿZ I n¯ÍvšÍwiZ-G `yfv‡M wef³ n‡e| msiwÿZ welq¸‡jvi †hgb †`kiÿv,
ê‡`wkK m¤úK©, ag© I DcRvwZ m¤úKx©q welq BZ¨vw` cwiPvjbvi `vwqZ¡ Mfb©i †Rbv‡ij I wZbRb Dc‡`óvi
nv‡Z b¨¯Í _vK‡e| n¯ÍvšÍwiZ welq¸‡jv h_v wkÿv, ¯^v¯’¨, AvBb-k„sLjv BZ¨vw` Mfb©i †Rbv‡ij KZ„©K gš¿x
cwil‡ì civgk© Abymv‡i cwiPvwjZ n‡e| ÿgZvi G eÈb Øviv †K‡›`ª ˆØZkvmb cÖeZ©‡bi cwiKíbv Kiv nq| G
AvB‡b Mfb©i †Rbv‡ij‡K †¯^”Qvaxb ÿgZvI †`qv nq| wZwb B”Qv Ki‡j AvBb mfvi civgk© bv wb‡qB gš¿xmfv
†f‡½ w`‡Z cvi‡eb| hy³iv‡óª †`kxq ivR¨My‡jvi †hvM`vb †¯^”Qvg~jK Kiv nq| AvB‡b GUvI ejv nq †h †dWv‡ij
AvBbmfvi D”P cwil‡ì †gvU Avmb msL¨vi A‡a©K †`kxq ivR¨¸‡jv Øviv c~Y© bv nIqv ch©šÍ hy³ivóª MwVZ n‡e bv|
1935 wLª÷v‡ãi AvB‡b †K‡›`ª GKUv wØ-Kÿ wewkó AvBbmfv MV‡bi eë¯’v wQj| D”P KÿwU ivóªmfv Ges wb¤œKÿ
†dWv‡ij cwil` bv‡g AwfwnZ n‡e w¯’i nq| †gvU GMviwU Mfb©i kvwmZ cÖ‡`‡ki g‡a¨ QqwU‡Z wØ-Kÿ wewkó
AvBb mfv Ges Aewkó cuvPwU‡Z GK Kÿ wewkó AvBbmfv cÖewZ©Z nq| 1932 wLª÷v‡ãi mv¤úÖ`vwqK †iv‡q`v`
Abyhvqx †K‡›`ªi b¨vq wewfbœ cÖ‡`‡kI gymwjg I AbybœZ †kªwYi Rb¨ c„_K wbe©vPb eë¯’v Pvjy Kiv nq|
G AvB‡b cÖ‡`k¸‡jv‡Z ˆØZ kvm‡bi cwie‡Z© ¯^vqËkvm‡bi eë¯’v Kiv nq| bZzb AvBb Abyhvqx cÖ‡`‡ki kvmb
eë¯’vi cÖavb n‡eb GKRb Mfb©i| RbM‡Yi wbe©vP‡b MwVZ n‡e GKwU AvBb mfv| H AvBb mfvi m`m¨‡ì ga¨
†_‡K Mfb©i‡K civgk© `vb I mvnv‡hï Rb¨ GKwU gš¿xmfv MwVZ n‡e| AvBb-k„sLjv cÖf…wZ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq
Mfb©‡ii GLwZqv‡i _vK‡e| gš¿xMY Zv‡ì Kv‡Ri Rb¨ `vqx _vK‡eb cÖv‡`wkK AvBb mfvi wbKU| Mfb©i‡K
we‡kl ÿgZvI †`qv nq| †m ÿgZv e‡j wZwb B”Qv Ki‡j AvBbmfv I gš¿xmfv †f‡½ w`‡Z cvi‡eb| ZvQvov
†h‡Kvb AwW©b¨vÝ ev Riæix AvBb cÖYq‡bi ÿgZvI Zuvi wQj|
fviZ mwP‡ei KvDwÝj G AvB‡bi e‡j wejyß nq| evg©v‡K fviZ †_‡K Avjv`v Kiv nq| wmÜz I Dwol¨v bv‡g `ywU
bZzb cÖ‡`k MwVZ nq| hy³ivóªxq eë¯’vi cwic~iKiƒ‡c G AvB‡b GKwU hy³ivóªxq Av`vjZ cÖwZôv Kivi eë¯’v
†bqv nq|
fviZkvmb AvB‡bi cÖwZwµqv
1935 wLª÷v‡ãi fviZ kvmb AvBb Øviv me©fviZxq hy³ivóª MV‡bi †h cwiKíbv Kiv n‡qwQj, Zv Kvh©Ki Kiv nq
wb| fvi‡Z †Kvb ivR‰bwZK `j G AvB‡b mš‘ó n‡Z cv‡i wb| Ks‡MÖm G AvB‡bi Zxeª wb›`v K‡i| RInijvj G‡K
Ô`vm‡Z¡i GK bZzb Aa¨vqÕ e‡j AwfwnZ K‡ib| Ks‡MÖm mfvcwZ iv‡R›`ª cÖmv` Awf‡hvM K‡ib †h, G AvB‡b
¯^vqË kvm‡bi ¯^vfvweK AMÖMwZi †Kv‡bv jÿY †bB| wn›`y gnvmfvI G AvBb mg_©b K‡i wb| gymwjg jxM †bZv

†gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn G AvB‡b cÖ¯ÍvweZ hy³ivóªxq c×wZi mgv‡jvPbv K‡ib| Z‡e wZwb cÖv‡`wkK ¯^vqËkvm‡bi
weavb¸‡jv mg_©b K‡ib| Aek¨ †m AvB‡b cÖv‡`wkK Mfb©i‡K GZ ÿgZv †`qv n‡qwQj †h Gi d‡j cÖv‡`wkK
¯^vqËkvmb eë¯’v‡K cÖK…Z `vwqZ¡kxj ejv hvq bv|
wkÿv_©xi KvR wkÿv_©xMY 1935 mv‡ji fviZ kvm‡bi Dci GKwU iPbv wjL‡eb
mvivsk
1935 wLª÷v‡ãi fviZ kvmb AvBb G †`‡ki kvmbZvwš¿K BwZnv‡m h‡_ó ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| fvi‡Z hy³ivóªxq miKvi
c×wZ Ges cÖ‡`‡k ¯^vqËkvmb cÖeZ©‡bi cÖqvm G AvB‡bi Ab¨Zg cÖavb êwkó¨| wKš‘ †kl ch©šÍ hy³ivóªxq
eë¯’v cÖeZ©b m¤¢e nq wb| Aek¨ cÖ‡`k mg~‡n GK ai‡bi ¯^vqËkvmb Pvjy nq| wKš‘ cÖ‡`‡ki cÖavb wbe©vnxKZ©v
Mfb©‡ii nv‡Z KZ¸‡jv we‡kl ÿgZv _vKvq †m eë¯’v‡K cwic~Y© `vwqZ¡kxj miKvi ejv hvq bv| Z_vwc
fviZe‡l©i kvmbZvwš¿K BwZnv‡m 1935 wLª÷v‡ãi AvBb h‡_ó ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|
1| 1935 wLª÷v‡ãi fviZ kvmb AvB‡bi Ab¨Zg êwkó¨ wQjÑ
i. hy³ivóªxq miKvi
ii. cÖv‡`wkK ¯^vqËkvmb
iii. †K‡›`ª GKKÿ wewkó AvBbmfv
2| 1935 wLª÷v‡ãi fviZ kvmb AvB‡b KZwU bZzb cÖ‡`k MwVZ nq?
K) 1 L) 2 M) 3 N) 4
3| 1935 wLª÷v‡ãi fviZ kvmb AvB‡b KZwU cÖ‡`‡k GKKÿ wewkó AvBb mfv cÖewZ©Z nq?
K) 5 L) 6 M) 10 N) 11
4| 1935 wLª÷v‡ãi fviZ kvmb AvB‡b †Kvb AÂj‡K fviZ †_‡K ev` †`qv nq?
K) wmÜz L) cvÄve M) evgv© N) †`kxq ivR¨
cvV-10.11 jv‡nvi cÖ¯Íve (1940 wLª.)

D‡Ïk¨
 1940 wLª÷v‡ãi jv‡nvi cÖ¯Ív‡ei cUf‚wg m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
 jv‡nvi cÖ¯Ív‡ei g~j welqe¯‘ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 jv‡nvi cÖ¯Ív‡ei cÖwZ Ks‡MÖ‡mi cÖwZwµqv Ges G cÖ¯Ív‡ei djvdj m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
gyL¨ kãgvjv jv‡nvi cÖ¯Íve, †PŠayix ingZ Avjx, †k‡i evsjv, wRbœvn

Dcgnv‡`‡ki gmyjgvb‡ì ivR‰bwZK BwZnv‡m jv‡nvi cÖ¯Íve AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© NUbv| 1940 wLª÷v‡ãi
gvP© gv‡m gymwjg jx‡Mi jv‡nvi Awa‡ek‡b fvi‡Zi DËi-cwðg I DËi-c~e©vÂ‡j gymwjg Aay¨wlZ
AÂjmg~‡n GKvwaK ¯^vaxb ivóª cÖwZôvi `vwe D‡V| jv‡nvi cÖ¯Ív‡ei ga¨w`‡qB GB `vwe ¯úó n‡q I‡V| G cÖ¯Ív‡ei
dj n‡qwQj my`~icÖmvix|
jv‡nvi cÖ¯Ív‡ei cUf‚wg
Jcwb‡ewkK fvi‡Z MYZvwš¿K eë¯’v Pvjy Kivi †ÿ‡Î ¯^Zš¿fv‡e †fvU w`‡q wbR¯^ cÖwZwbwa wbe©vPb Kivi
AwaKv‡ii `vwe gymjgvb‡ì eûw`‡bi| j‡ÿèŠPzw³‡Z Ks‡MÖm gymjgvb m¤úÖ`v‡qi G AwaKvi †g‡b wb‡jI c‡i
Avevi A¯^xKvi K‡i| eûw`b ch©šÍ fviZxq ivRbxwZ‡Z wn›`y gymwjg we‡iv‡ai †ÿ‡Î GUv wQj GKUv RwUj welq|
G Kvi‡Y kvmbZvwš¿K mgm¨v mgvav‡bi KZ¸‡jv D‡`¨vM e¨_© n‡q hvq| 1935 wLª÷v‡ãi fviZ kvmb AvB‡bi
Aax‡b cÖ¯ÍvweZ cÖv‡`wkK ¯^vqËkvmb eë¯’v 1937 wLª÷v‡ã Kvh©Ki Kiv nq| fvi‡Zi wewfbœ cÖv‡`wkK wbe©vP‡b
AwaKvsk cÖ‡`‡kB Ks‡MÖm msL¨vMwiôZv AR©b K‡i| ZvQvov gymwjg jx‡Mi mv‡_ †Kv‡bv cÖKvi Avjvc-Av‡jvPbv
QvovB Ks‡MÖm gymwjg msL¨vMwiô cÖ‡`k¸‡jv‡Z gš¿xmfv MVb K‡i| Ks‡MÖ‡mi mfvcwZ cwÐZ RInijvj †b‡niæ G
mgq `vwe K‡ib †h, fvi‡Z `ywU kw³i Aw¯ÍZ¡ jÿYxq- GKwU miKvi, AciwU Ks‡MÖm| Ab¨‡Kv‡bv `‡ji Aw¯ÍZ¡
wZwb ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z bvivR| Zuvi G gšÍe¨ gymjgvb †bZv‡ì g‡a¨ cÖwZwµqv m„wó K‡i| wRbœvn& GZw`b ch©šÍ whwb
ivRbxwZ‡Z wn›`y gymwjg wgj‡bi cÖe³v wQ‡jb, wZwbI G‡Z e¨w_Z nb| 1938 wLª÷v‡ã wmÜz cÖv‡`wkK gymwjg
jx‡Mi mfvq wZwb wn›`y I gymjgvb‡ì‡K `ywU c„_K RvwZ e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡ib| e¯‘Z 1940 wLª÷v‡ãi jv‡nvi
cÖ¯Ív‡ei c~‡e©B A‡bK gymjgvb †bZv‡ì g‡a¨ fviZ wefvM Ges wn›`y I gymjgvb‡ì Rb¨ ¯^Zš¿ ivóª MV‡bi
wPšÍvaviv cÖej n‡q D‡V| jxM mfvcwZ wRbœvn&I G‡K wn›`y-gymwjg cÖ‡kœi I kvmbZvwš¿K mgm¨v mgvav‡bi GKgvÎ
Dcvq e‡j w¯’i K‡ib|
1940 wLª÷v‡ãi jv‡nvi cÖ¯Ív‡ei †cQ‡b ivR‰bwZK avivi GKUv cUf‚wg i‡q‡Q| G cÖ¯Ív‡e †h ¯^vaxb gymwjg
Avevmf‚wgi `vwe Kiv n‡q‡Q Abyiƒc GKUv cÖ¯Íve 1930 wLª÷v‡ã Kwe BKevj Zuvi GKwU fvl‡Y D‡jøL K‡ib| wZb
eQi ci 1933 wLª÷v‡ã †Kw¤^ªR wek¦we`¨vj‡qi QvÎ †PŠayix ingZ Avjx fvi‡Zi DËi cwðgvÂ‡ji msL¨v Mwiô
gymwjg GjvKv¸‡jvi Rb¨ ÔcvwK¯ÍvbÕ bv‡gi D™¢veb K‡ib|
wKš‘ 1937-38 mvj ch©šÍ †gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn& gymjgvb‡ì Rb¨ c„_K †Kv‡bv iv‡óªi K_v fv‡eb wb| Ks‡MÖm
†bZv‡ì `‡¤¢vw³ Zuv‡K AvnZ K‡i Ges ivRbxwZi bZzb †KŠkj wZwb Aej¤^b K‡ib| hwÌ KLbI wZwb †Kvb
mv¤úÖ`vwqK e¨w³ wQ‡jb bv| 1937 wLª÷v‡ãi wbe©vP‡bi ci †hme cÖ‡`‡k Ks‡MÖ‡mi gš¿xmfv MwVZ n‡qwQj, †mLv‡b
Zv‡ì Kvh©Kjvc gymjgvb‡ì‡K h‡_ófv‡e AvnZ K‡i| Zviv ey‡SwQj msL¨vjNy wn‡m‡e Zv‡ì Avkv-AvKv•ÿv
wn›`y‡ì kvmbvax‡b KL‡bv ev¯Íe iƒc †b‡e bv| G ai‡Yi cwiw¯’wZ‡Z 1939 wLª÷v‡ã wRbœvn& Zuvi ÒwØ-RvwZZË¡Ó
†NvlYv K‡ib| cieZx© eQi jv‡nv‡i gymwjg jx‡Mi †NvlYvq GiB cÖwZaŸwb cybe¨©³ n‡q‡Q|
1940 wLª÷v‡ãi 23 gvP© jv‡nv‡i AbywôZ gymwjg jx‡Mi Awa‡ek‡bi
mfvcwZ wQ‡jb †gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn&| G Awa‡ek‡bB evsjvi †bZv I
cÖavbgš¿x G.†K. dRjyj nK weL¨vZ jv‡nvi cÖ¯Íve DÌvcb K‡ib| G‡Z
ejv nq †h, †Kv‡bv kvmbZvwš¿K cwiKíbv G‡`‡k Kvh©Ki ev
gymjgvb‡ì Kv‡Q MÖnY‡hvM¨ n‡e bv hw` GKwU wb¤œewY©Z g~jbxwZi Dci
cÖwZwôZ bv nq| h_v-
K. †fŠ‡MvwjK w`K †_‡K msjMœ GjvKv¸‡jv‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq iè`‡ji
gva¨‡g c„_K AÂj wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Ki‡Z n‡e;
L. fvi‡Zi DËi-cwðg I c~e©vÂ‡j G ai‡bi gymwjg msL¨vMwiô
GjvKvmg~‡n ¯^vaxb ivóª eë¯’v MVb Ki‡Z n‡e Ges

†k‡i evsjv G.†K. dRjyj nK
M. Gfv‡e MwVZ ¯^vaxb ivóªmg~‡ni A½ivR¨¸‡jv _vK‡e ¯^-kvwmZ I mve©‡fŠg|

jv‡nvi cÖ¯Ív‡e AviI ejv nq †h, me©‡ÿ‡Î msL¨vjNy‡ì wewfbœ ¯^v_© I AwaKvi iÿvK‡í msweav‡b cÖ‡qvRbxq iÿv-
KeP ivL‡Z n‡e| cÖK…Z c‡ÿ AvÂwjK ¯^vwaKvi AvZ¥wbqš¿‡Yi AwaKvi I mve©‡fŠgZ¡ AR©bB wQj jv‡nvi cÖ¯Ív‡ei
g~j e³e¨|
jv‡nvi cÖ¯Ív‡ei e¨vL¨v wb‡q wKQyUv gZ‡f` Av‡Q| KviI KviI g‡Z jv‡nvi cÖ¯Ív‡e `ywU ¯^vaxb ivóª MV‡bi K_v ejv
n‡q‡Q| GKwU DËi cwð‡g Ges Ab¨wU c~‡e©| Ab¨gZ n‡jv jv‡nvi cÖ¯Ív‡e GKwU iv‡óªi K_vB ejv n‡q‡Q, hvi
BDwbU¸‡jv n‡e ¯^-kvwmZ| 1946 wLª÷v‡ãi GwcÖj gv‡m w`jøx‡Z gymwjg jxM `jxq AvBb mfvi m`m¨‡ì
Awa‡ek‡b jv‡nvi cÖ¯Íve ms‡kvab K‡i GK iv‡óªi `vwe ivLv nq| Gi d‡j 1947 wLª÷v‡ã fviZ wefv‡Mi mgq
gymwjg msL¨vMwiô AÂjmg~n wb‡q GKwUgvÎ gymwjg ivóª ÔcvwK¯ÍvbÕ MwVZ nq|
jv‡nvi cÖ¯Ív‡ei cÖwZ wn›`y I Ks‡MÖm †bZv‡ì cÖwZwµqv wQj Zxeª| cwÐZ †b‡niæ G cÖ¯Ív‡ei Zxeª wb›`v K‡ib Ges
gymjgvb‡ì ¯^Zš¿ I ¯^vaxb Avevmf‚wg MVb AevšÍi e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡ib| gnvZ¥v MvÜxI Zuvi †jLvq Gi
mgv‡jvPbv K‡ib Ges fviZ wefvM Kiv‡K cv‡ci mgZzj¨ e‡j gšÍe¨ K‡ib| eY© wn›`yiv G cÖ¯Íve Abyhvqx fviZ
wefw³ cQ›` bv Ki‡jI 1947 wLª÷v‡ã evsjv I cvÄve fvM Kivi `vwe †Zv‡j| GUv Ab¯^xKvh© †h, fvi‡Zi
ivR‰bwZK BwZnv‡m jv‡nvi cÖ¯Ív‡ei cÖfve Acwimxg|
wkÿv_©xMY jv‡nvi cÖ¯Ív‡ei wewfbœ w`K wb‡q wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ GKwU weZK©mfvi
wkÿv_©xi KvR
Av‡qvRb Ki‡eb|
mvivsk
Ôjv‡nvi cÖ¯ÍveÕ fvi‡Zi gymjgvb‡ì ivR‰bwZK BwZnv‡m wb:m‡›`‡n AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© GKwU NUbv| 1940
wLª÷v‡ãi gv‡P© gymwjg jx‡Mi jv‡nvi Awa‡ek‡b evsjvi †bZv †k‡i evsjv G.†K. dRjyj nK G cÖ¯Íve DÌvcb
K‡ib| G‡Z fvi‡Zi DËi cwðg I c~e©vÂ‡j gymwjg msL¨vMwiô AÂ‡j GKvwaK ¯^vaxb ivóª cÖwZôvi cÖ¯Íve Kiv
nq| Ks‡MÖm †bZ…e„›` G cÖ¯Ív‡ei Zxeª wb›`v Rvbvb Ges G‡K AevšÍi `vwe e‡j gšÍe¨ K‡ib|
1| fvi‡Zi ¯^vaxb gymwjg Avevmf~wgi `vwe‡Z me©cÖ_g fvlY w`‡qwQ‡jb †K?
K) Kwe BKevj L) †PŠayix ingZ M) gyn¤§` Avjx wRbœvn N) G †K dRjyj nK
2| wØRvwZZË KZ wLª÷v‡ã †NvwlZ nq?
K) 1937 L) 1938 M) 1939 N) 1940
3| 1935 wLª÷v‡ãi fviZ kvmb AvB‡b cÖ_g cÖv‡`wkK wbev©Pb KZ wLª÷v‡ã AbywôZ nq?
K) 1935 L) 1937 M) 1938 N) 1939
4| jv‡nvi cÖ¯Ív‡e ¯^vaxb ivóª MV‡bi Rb¨ †Kvb gymwjg AÂj‡K wb‡`©k Kiv n‡q‡Q?
i. c~ev©Âj
ii. `wÿYvÂj
iii. DËi-cwðgvÂj
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ
`wÿY Gwkqvi GKwU AÂ‡j cÖavbZ `ywU m¤úÖ`v‡qi emevm| we‡`wk kvm‡bi Aax‡b G AÂjwU ¯^vaxbZv jv‡fi
Ae¯’vq †cŠuQ‡j e¨vcK weZK© ïiæ nq| GgZve¯’vq GKwU m¤úÖ`vq Avjv`v Avevmf~wg ev Avjv`v ¯^vaxb iv‡óªi `vwe
K‡i e‡m| A_v©r `ywU m¤úÖ`v‡qi Rb¨ Avjv`v `ywU ¯^vaxb ivóª| †kl ch©šÍ G `vwei Av‡jv‡KB D³ AÂjwU ¯^vaxbZv
jvf K‡i|

K. ÔcvwK¯ÍvbÕ bvgwUi D™¢veK †K? 1

L. ÔwØ-RvwZZËÕ e¨vL¨v Kiæb| 2
M. ewY©Z Avjv`v Avevmf~wg `vwei mv‡_ Avcbvi cvV¨ eB‡qi mv`„k¨ e¨vL¨v Kiæb| 3
N. D³ `vwei Av‡jv‡K we‡`wk kvmK I fviZxq Ab¨vb¨ m¤úÖ`v‡qi cÖwZwµqv we‡kølY Kiæb| 4

cvV-10.12 gš¿x wgkb cwiKíbv

D‡Ïk¨
 gš¿xwgkb cwiKíbv m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 gš¿xwgkb cwiKíbvq †bIqv cÖ¯Ívemg~n eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 gš¿xwgkb cwiKíbvi cÖ¯Ívemg~n Kx cÖwZwµqv m„wó K‡iwQj, Zv we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
gyL¨ kãgvjv gš¿x wgkb cwiKíbv, AšÍeZ©x miKvi, weªwUk fviZ, †`kxq ivR¨
Av‡Mi cv‡V Avcbviv †`‡L‡Qb jv‡nvi cÖ¯Íve G †`‡ki ivR‰bwZK BwZnv‡m GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© NUbv
wn‡m‡e wPwýZ n‡q Av‡Q| Gici †_‡K `ªæZ †ekwKQy NUbv NU‡Z _v‡K| †evSv hvq GKUv eo iK‡gi
cwieZ©b †hb Avmbœ| Gmg‡qi BwZnv‡miB GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© NUbv n‡”Q gš¿xwgkb cwiKíbv ev †Kwe‡bU wgkb
cwiKíbv|
gš¿x wgkb cwiKíbv Kx?
gš¿x wgkb cwiKíbv m¤ú‡K© aviYv †bqvi Av‡M Ôwµcm wgkbÕ m¯ú‡K© GKUz Rvb‡Z n‡e| Avcbviv Rv‡bb wØZxq
wek¦h‡y × Bsj¨vÛ mivmwi Rwo‡q c‡owQj| G mgq weªwUk miKvi fviZxq Rbmvavi‡Yi mg_©b cvIqv Riæix g‡b
K‡i| GB D‡Ï‡k¨B e„wUk cÖavbgš¿x m¨vi DBb÷b PvwP©j Zvui gwš¿mfvi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© m`m¨ m¨vi ÷¨v‡dvW© wµcm‡K
fvi‡Z cvVvb| civgk© †`b fviZevmxi mv‡_ †hb GKwU kvmbZvwš¿K cwiKíbv MÖnY K‡ib| 1942 wLª÷v‡ãi 23
gvP© wµcm w`jøx‡Z Ks‡MÖm, gymwjg jxM I Ab¨vb¨ `‡ji mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv K‡i GKwU kvmbZvwš¿K ms¯‹v‡ii cÖ¯Íve
†ck K‡ib| BwZnv‡m GB cÖ¯Íve Ôwµcm wgkb cwiKíbvÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ| G cwiKíbvq hy× †k‡l †Wvwgwbqb ev
Jcwb‡ewkK ¯^vqZkvmb `vb, kvmbZš¿ cÖYq‡bi Rb¨ GKwU MYcwil` MVb I GKwU AšÍ©eZ©xKvjxb miKv‡ii cÖ¯Íve
Kiv nq| wKš‘ wµc‡mi †`qv cÖ¯Íve Ks‡MÖm ev gymwjg jxM MÖnY K‡i wb| eis Ks‡MÖm weªwUk we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb ïiæ K‡i|
wµcm wgkb e¨_© nIqvi ci nvj †Q‡o †`q wb e„wUk miKvi| Gevi GwM‡q Av‡mb fvBmiq jW© Iqv‡fj| wZwb
1945 wLª÷v‡ã wewfbœ ivR‰bwZK `‡ji mv‡_ wmgjvq GKwU êV‡K wgwjZ nb| wKš‘ GB êVKI e¨_© nq| Ae‡k‡l
wmgjv êV‡Ki m~Î a‡i 1946 wLª÷v‡ã fviZ mwPe jW© †cw_K j‡iÝ-Gi †bZ…‡Z¡ GKwU cÖwZwbwa `j fvi‡Z
Av‡m| j‡iÝ Qvov GB cÖwZwbwa `‡ji Ab¨ `yB m`m¨ wQ‡jb m¨vi ÷¨v‡dvW© wµcm I G.wf. Av‡jKRvÛvi| GB
wgkb Ks‡MÖm I gymwjg jxM †bZv‡ì mv‡_ Av‡jvPbvi ci 1946 wLª÷v‡ãi †g gv‡m fvi‡Zi cÖ¯ÍvweZ kvmbZš¿
m¤ú‡K© mywbw`©ó cÖ¯Íve †ck K‡ib| BwZnv‡m G‡K Ôgš¿x wgkb cwiKíbvÕ ejv nq|
gš¿x wgk‡bi cÖ¯Ívemg~n
g~jZ fviZ Dcgvn‡`k‡K GKwU hy³iv‡óª cwiYZ Kivi cÖ¯Íve wQj gš¿x wgkb cwiKíbvq| wZb ¯Íi wewkó wQj GB
hy³iv‡óªi cwiKíbv| G¸‡jv n‡”Q 
K. cÖ¯Íve Abyhvqx †K‡›`ª GKwU AšÍeZ©x Kvjxb miKvi MVb Kiv n‡e
L. GKwU ¯^vqËkvwmZ fviZ BDwbqb MVb Kiv n‡e †mLv‡b AšÍf©y³ _vK‡e weªwUk fviZ I †`kxq ivR¨¸‡jv Ges
M. fviZxq cÖ‡`k¸‡jv‡K wZb fv‡M fvM Kiv n‡e
ÔKÕ MÖæ‡c _vK‡e, gv`ªvR, †ev‡¤^, hy³cÖ‡`k, wenvi, ga¨cÖ‡`k I Dwol¨v, ÔLÕ MÖæ‡c, DËi cwðg mxgvšÍ cÖ‡`k,
cvÄve I wmÜz Ges ÔMÕ MÖæ‡c _vK‡e evsjv I Avmvg| wm×všÍ nq cÖ‡Z¨K MÖæ‡ci Rb¨ GKwU MYcwil` MVb Kiv
n‡e| gš¿x wgkb cÖ¯Íve †c‡ki cvkvcvwk kZ© Ry‡o w`‡qwQj †h cwiKíbvi cy‡ivwUB MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e-
Askwe‡kl bq|

fviZxq BDwbq‡bi nv‡Z _vK‡e †`kiÿv, ciivóª, †hvMv‡hvM Ges gy`ªv wefv‡Mi `vwqZ¡| Ab¨vb¨ wel‡qi
`vwqZ¡ b¨v¯Í _vK‡e cÖ‡`k¸‡jvi nv‡Z| GQvovI ejv nq †K›`ªxq msm‡` †gvU 385wU Avm‡bi g‡a¨ 78wU
gymjgvb‡ì Rb¨ wba©vwiZ Kiv nq| cwiKíbvq GB my‡hvM ivLv nq †h, †Kv‡bv MÖæc B”Qv Ki‡j `k eQi ci
†K›`ª †_‡K wew”Qbœ n‡Z cvi‡e|
gš¿x wgkb cÖ¯Ív‡ei cÖwZwµqv
gš¿x wgkb cwiKíbv fvi‡Zi wewfbœ `‡ji ivRbxwZK‡ì g‡a¨ `viæY Av‡jvob m„wó K‡i| KviY G welqwU mevi
mvg‡b ¯úó nq †h, weªwUk miKvi fviZxq‡ì wbKU GLb ÿgZv n¯ÍvšÍi Ki‡Z Pvq| myZivs Ks‡MÖm Ges gymwjg
jxM Df‡qB cwiKíbvi LuywUbvwU welq we‡kølY Ki‡Z _v‡K| GB cwiKíbvi wfZi Dfq `jB wb‡R‡ì g‡Zv K‡i
myweav LuyR‡Z _v‡Kb| GK †Kw›`ªK miKvi MV‡bi cÖ¯Íve Ks‡MÖ‡mi fvj jv‡M| KviY Gi wfZi w`‡q Zviv ALÐ
fviZ cÖwZôvi my‡hvM †`L‡Z cvq| Ab¨w`‡K MÖæwcs eë¯’v Drmvn †`q gymwjg jxM‡K| KviY GB eë¯’vq cvwK¯Ívb
cÖwZôvi `vwe ev¯Íevqb m¤¢e| GKUv wbw`©ó mgq c‡i MÖæç‡jv fviZxq BDwbqb †_‡K †ewi‡q Avm‡Z cvi‡e e‡j
jxM †bZviv gš¿x wgkb cwiKíbv‡K MÖnY K‡i †bq hwÌ cieZx© mgq cy‡iv cwiKíbv‡KB cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i| Ab¨
w`‡K cÖ_g †_‡KB Ks‡MÖ‡mi Amn‡hvwMZvi d‡j gš¿xwgkb cwiKíbv †kl ch©šÍ e¨_© n‡q hvq|
wkÿv_©xMY gš¿x wgkb cwiKíbvi Dci GKwU Av‡jvPbv mfvi Av‡qvRb
wkÿv_©xi KvR
Ki‡eb|
mvivsk
1947 mv‡j weªwUk fvi‡Zi Aemvb NUvi wKQy Av‡M e„wUk miKvi Kxfv‡e G †`k †Q‡o hv‡e A_ev †Kv‡bv
c×wZ‡Z G‡`kevmxi nv‡Z ÿgZv Zz‡j w`‡e, Zv wb‡q cÖ¯Íve I cwiKíbv Ki‡Z _v‡K| GiB P‚ovšÍ GKwU
c`‡ÿc wQj Ôgš¿x wgkb cwiKíbvÕ| GB cwiKíbvi ga¨ w`‡q ¯úó nq †h, weªwUk miKvi GLb fviZxq‡ì
nv‡Z ÿgZv Zz‡j w`‡Z Pvq| gš¿x wgkb cwiKíbvq †h cÖ¯Íve ivLv nq, Zv‡Z Ks‡MÖm I gymwjg jxM DfqB
Zv‡ì `jxq ¯^v_© iÿvi cÖkœ wb‡q fve‡Z _v‡K| †kl ch©šÍ gymwjg jxM gš¿x wgkb cwiKíbv MÖn‡Y m¤§Z n‡jI
Ks‡MÖm cwiKíbvwU cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i| Gfv‡e e¨_© n‡q hvq gš¿x wgkb cwiKíbv|
1| 1946 wLª÷v‡ã MwVZ gš¿x wgkb Gi m`m¨ wQ‡jbÑ
i. jW© †cw_K j‡iÝ
ii. m¨vi ÷¨v‡dvW© wµcm
iii. G wf Av‡jKRvÛvi
2| gš¿x wgkb cwiKíbvq †Kvb AÂj‡K ÔMÕ MÖæ‡c ivLv nq?
K) Avmvg L) cvÄve
M) wmÜz N) Dwil¨v
3| gš¿x wgkb cwiKíbv KZ wLª÷v‡ã M„nxZ n‡qwQj?
K) 1942 L) 1945
M) 1946 N) 1947

fviZxq Dcgnv‡`k
A MÖæc B MÖæc C MÖæc
K. ALÐ ¯^vaxb evsjvi cÖ¯Íve Kviv Dc¯’vcb K‡i? 1

L. 1935 wLª÷v‡ãi fviZ kvmb AvB‡b Ks‡MÖm I gymwjg jx‡Mi cÖwZwµqv e¨vL¨v Kiæb| 2
M. cÖ`Ë PvU©wU Avcbvi cvV¨ eB‡qi †Kvb cwiKíbv‡K Bw½Z K‡i? e¨vL¨v Kiæb| 3
N. D³ cwiKíbvwU Kx e¨_© n‡qwQj? Avcbvi g‡Zi ¯^c‡ÿ hyw³ w`b| 4
g‡Wj DËi
K. ALÐ ¯^vaxb evsjvi cÖ¯ÍveK n‡”Qb †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`x© I kir emy|
L. 1935 wLª÷v‡ãi fviZ kvmb AvBb fvi‡Zi kvmbZvwš¿K BwZnv‡m GKwU mye„nr `wjj|
1935 wLª÷v‡ãi fviZ kvmb AvBb m¤ú‡K© Ks‡MÖm Zxeª wb›`v Ávcb K‡i| gymwjg jxM cÖv‡`wkK ¯^vqËkvmb
m¤ú‡K© wKQzUv bgbxq n‡jI Ab¨vb¨ welqvewj wb‡q AvcwË Rvbvq|
M. ewY©Z PvU©wU e„wUk kvwmZ fvi‡Z gš¿x wgkb cwiKíbvi Bw½Z enb K‡i|
fvi‡Zi kvmbZvwš¿K RwUjZv wbimbK‡í wµcm wgkb e¨_© n‡j mgm¨v AviI †e‡o hvq| Ae‡k‡l 1946
wLª÷v‡ã fviZ mwPe jW© †cw_K j‡iÝ Gi †bZ…‡Z¡ wZb m`m¨ wewkó GKwU wgkb †cÖiY K‡i| GwUB BwZnv‡m
gš¿x wgkb bv‡g AwfwnZ| Zv‡ì cÖYxZ cwiKíbv n‡jv gš¿x wgkb cwiKíbv|
gš¿x wgkb cwiKíbv fviZxq Dcgnv‡`k‡K wZbwU AÂ‡j wef³ K‡i ¯^vqËkvmb cÖ`v‡bi cÖ¯Íve Kiv nq|
G¸‡jv n‡jvÑ
A MÖæcÑ gv`ªvR, †ev‡¤^, hy³ cÖ‡`k, wenvi, ga¨cÖ‡`k I Dwih¨v| G AÂj¸‡jv wQj wn›`y msL¨vMwiô|
B MÖæcÑ DËi-cwðg mxgvšÍ cÖ‡`k, cvÄve I wmÜz| G AÂj¸‡jv wQj gymjgvb msL¨vMwiô|
C MÖæcÑ evsjv I Avmvg| G AÂ‡i wn›`y I gymjgvb cÖvq mgvb wQj|
N. gš¿x wgkb cwiKíbv e¨_© n‡qwQj|
gš¿x wgkb cwiKíbvq wZb ¯Íi wewkó hy³ivóªxq kvmb eë¯’vi iƒc‡iLv cÖ`vb Kiv nq| cwiKíbv Abyhvqx †K‡›`ª
GKwU AšÍeZx©Kvjxb miKvi MwVZ n‡e| ¯^vqËkvwmZ fviZ BDwbq‡bi G AšÍeZx©Kvjxb miKv‡i weªwUk fviZ I
†`kxq ivR¨mg~‡ni cÖwZwbwa _vK‡e| G miKvi wewae× wbq‡g GKwU kvmbZš¿ cÖYqb Ki‡e| G‡Z †K›`ªxq
385wU Avm‡bi g‡a¨ 78wU gymjgvb‡ì g‡a¨ msiwÿZ ivLv nq| cÖYxZ wZbwU MÖæ‡ci †h‡Kv‡bv MÖæc `k eQi
ci B”Qv Ki‡j †K›`ª †_‡K wew”Qbœ nIqvi my‡hvMI ivLv nq|
Ks‡MÖm hy³ivóªxq kvmb eë¯’vq ALÐ fvi‡Zi m¤¢vebv †`L‡Z cvq| Aciw`‡K MÖæwcs eë¯’v gymwjg jxM‡K
AbycÖvwYZ K‡i| †Kbbv jv‡nvi cÖ¯Ív‡e gymjgvb‡ì Rb¨ Avevmf~wg Ges gš¿x wgkb cwiKíbvq MÖæç‡jvi Rb¨
`k eQ‡ii mxgv‡iLv gymwjg jx‡Mi c‡ÿ P‡j Av‡m| A_v©r `k eQi ci Zviv †K›`ª †_‡K wew”Qbœ n‡Z cvi‡e hv
jv‡nvi cÖ¯Ív‡eiB ev¯Íevqb| wKš‘ Dfq `‡ji Rb¨ †mwU mgm¨v wQj Zv n‡jvÑ cwiKíbvi cy‡ivUvB MÖnY Ki‡Z
n‡eÑ Ask we‡kl bq| ZvB †kl ch©šÍ G cwiKíbv Ks‡MÖm ev gymwjg jxM KvD‡KB Lywk Ki‡Z cv‡i wb|
gš¿x wgkb cwiKíbvi e¨vcv‡i Ks‡MÖm cÖ_g †_‡KB AvcwË Rvwb‡qwQj| gymwjg jxM cÖ_‡g Ask we‡kl mg_©b
Ki‡jI †kl ch©šÍ cy‡iv cwiKívB cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i| A_©vr ¯^v‡_©i †eovRv‡j Ave× gš¿x wgkb cwiKíbv Kv‡iviB
h_v_© ¯^v_© c~i‡Y AcviM nq| ZvB †kl ch©šÍ GwU e¨_©Zvq ch©ewmZ nq|

cvV-10.13 1947 wLª÷v‡ãi fviZ ¯^vaxbZv AvBb

D‡Ïk¨
 fviZ ¯^vaxbZv AvB‡bi †cÖÿvcU we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 jW© gvD›U e¨vUb I Ks‡MÖ‡mi `„wóf½x m¤ú‡K© weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
 emy-†mvnivIqv`x©i ¯^vaxb evsjv cÖ¯Íve Kx wQj Zvi eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
 fviZ ¯^vaxbZv AvB‡bi djvdj g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
1947 mv‡ji fviZ kvmb AvBb, gvD›U e¨vUb, emy-†mvnivIqv`©x cÖ¯Íve, ALÐ
gyL¨ kãgvjv
¯^vaxb evsjv
weªwUk miKvi KZ©„K fviZxq‡ì Kv‡Q ÿgZv n¯ÍvšÍi Kiv nq 1947 wLª÷v‡ã| weªwUk cvj©v‡g‡›U GKwU
AvBb cÖYq‡bi ga¨ w`‡q GB n¯ÍvšÍi m¤úbœ Kiv nq| GwUB BwZnv‡m 1947 wLª÷v‡ãi ÔfviZ ¯^vaxbZv
AvBbÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ|
fviZ ¯^vaxbZv AvB‡bi †cÖÿvcU

gš¿xwgkb cwiKíbv e¨_© nIqvi ci fvi‡Z ivR‰bwZK Aw¯’iZv †b‡g Av‡m| G mg‡qi wek„•Lj Ae¯’vi wfZi
†_‡KB Rš§ wb‡qwQj fviZ ¯^vaxbZv AvBbwU| Ks‡MÖm gš¿x wgkb cwiKíbv cÖZ¨vL¨vb Kivi Rb¨B e¨_© n‡qwQj GB
cwiKíbv| GB NUbv gymwjg jx‡M‡K AvnZ K‡i| jxM `vwe K‡i †h‡nZz Zviv cwiKíbvwU MÖnY K‡i‡Q, ZvB
miKv‡ii DwPZ jxM‡K AšÍeZ©xKvjxb miKvi MV‡b m¤§wZ †Ìqv| wKš‘ welqwU GK`jxq n‡q hv‡”Q e‡j eojvU
Iqv‡fj jx‡Mi `vwei cÖwZ m¤§wZ Rvbv‡Z cv‡ib wb| jx‡Mi Kv‡Q miKv‡ii GB g‡bvfve Pzw³ f½ e‡j g‡b n‡jv|
jxM I Ks‡MÖ‡mi g‡a¨ m„wó n‡jv `~iZ¡|
gymwjg jxM Gevi wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i GwM‡q hvIqvi wm×všÍ †bq| Zviv 1946 wLª÷v‡ãi RyjvB gv‡m †ev¤^vB‡q GKwU
m‡¤§jb Wv‡K| m‡¤§j‡b wm×všÍ nq cvwK¯Ívb AR©‡bi Rb¨ gymwjg jxM cÖZ¨ÿ msMÖvg (WvB‡i± G¨vKkb) ïiæ
Ki‡e| GB D‡Ï‡k¨ 1946 wLª÷v‡ãi 16 AvM÷ †`ke¨vcx cÖZ¨ÿ msMÖvg wèm cvj‡bi WvK †`qv nq| gymwjg jxM
†bZv Awef³ evsjvi cÖavbgš¿x †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`x© weªwUk miKvi‡K GB e‡j mZK© K‡i †`b †h Ks‡MÖm
hw` ÿgZvq e‡m Z‡e evsjv ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv Ki‡e Ges cvëv miKvi MVb Ki‡e| Zviv †K›`ªxq miKvi‡K †Kv‡bv
ivR¯^ †`‡e bv Ges †K‡›`ªi mv‡_ †Kv‡bv m¤úK©I ivL‡e bv|
Gw`‡K cÖZ¨ÿ msMÖvg wè‡mi w`b Nwb‡q Av‡m| †ev¤^vB †_‡K †KvjKvZvq wd‡i Av‡mb evsjvi cÖavbgš¿x
†mvnivIqv`x© I gymwjg jx‡Mi †m‡µUvwi Aveyj nv‡kg| Zuviv RbgZ MVb Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| cÖZ¨ÿ msMÖvg wè‡mi
w`b KjKvZvq wn›`y gymjgvb‡ì g‡a¨ i³ÿqx mv¤úÖ`vwqK `v½v †eu‡a hvq| `v½vq nvRvi nvRvi wbixn gvbyl cÖvY
nvivq| `v½v KjKvZvq ïiæ n‡jI µ‡g Zv evsjvi wewfbœ As‡k Qwo‡q c‡o| Ae¯’vi gvivZ¥K AebwZ n‡Z _vK‡j
weªwUk miKvi †kl iÿvi †Póv K‡i| Zviv fviZxq‡ì Kv‡Q ÿgZv n¯ÍvšÍi Kivi K_v †NvlYv K‡i| myZivs wKfv‡e
†`k wef³ Kiv n‡e Ges ÿgZv n¯ÍvšÍi Kiv n‡e Zvi Rb¨ GKwU bxwZ wba©vi‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb Dcw¯’Z nq| G D‡Ï‡k¨
weªwUk miKvi jW© Iqv‡fj Gi cwie‡Z© fvi‡Zi eojvU K‡i cvVvb jW© gvD›U e¨vUb‡K|
jW©gvD›U e¨vUb I Ks‡MÖ‡mi `„wóf½x
eojv‡Ui ÿgZv MÖnY K‡i cÖ_g w`jøx‡Z Av‡mb jW© gvD›U e¨vUb| wZwb †NvlYv †`b 1948 wLª÷v‡ãi Ryb gv‡m
g‡a¨B e„wUk miKvi ÿgZv n¯ÍvšÍi Ki‡e| gvD›U e¨vU‡bi mnvbyf‚wZ wQj Ks‡MÖ‡mi cÖwZ| Ks‡MÖ‡mi mg_©K wn‡m‡e
wZwb ALÐ fvi‡Zi c‡ÿ wQ‡jb| wKš‘ Gfv‡e jx‡Mi mv‡_ Av‡cvm Kiv m¤¢e nq wb| †kl ch©šÍ Ks‡MÖm jx‡Mi `vwe

†g‡b wb‡q fviZ wefvM Ki‡Z ivwR nq| wKš‘ G‡Z †ekwKQy kZ© Av‡ivc K‡i hv jx‡Mi c‡ÿ gvbv m¤¢e nqwb|
GiKg wfbœ gZ I wPšÍv ivR‰bwZK AvKvk‡K Avevi AÜKvi K‡i †d‡j|
emy-†mvn&ivIqv`x©i ALÐ ¯^vaxb-mve©‡fŠg evsjv cÖ¯Íve
Ks‡MÖm I jx‡Mi g‡a¨ ivR‰bwZK gZ cv_©K¨ hLb Zxeª nw”Qj ZLbB evsjvi K‡qKRb †bZv ALÐ evsjv Movi
cÖ¯Íve wb‡q GwM‡q Av‡mb| ALÐ evsjvi cÖ¯Íve cÖ_g DÌvcb K‡ib †nv‡mb knx` †mvn&ivIqv`x©| †ek KÕRb
cÖv‡`wkK Ks‡MÖm †bZvI G cÖ¯Íve‡K mg_©b K‡ib| Zuviv n‡”Qb- kiremy, wKiY ksKi ivq cÖgyL| gymwjg jxM †bZv
Aveyj nv‡kgI GB cÖ¯Íve‡K mg_©b K‡ib| kiremyi mwµq mg_©‡bi Kvi‡Y cÖ¯ÍvewU Ôemy-†mvn&ivIqv`x© cÖ¯ÍveÕ bv‡g
cwiwPZ nq| evsjvi GB †`k‡cÖwgK †bZ…e„›` ey‡SwQ‡jb, Ks‡MÖm I jx‡Mi Kv‡Q `jxq ¯^v_©B eo| evsjvi ¯^v‡_©i
K_v KLbB Zviv we‡kl we‡ePbvq ivL‡e bv| ZvB ALÐ evsjvi cÖ¯Íve †NvlYv I we‡kølY K‡ib kiremy I
†mvn&ivIqv`©x| Zuv‡ì g‡Z GB cÖ¯Íve ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡j evsjvi wbR¯^ ms¯‹w… Z I HwZn¨ mgybœZ ivLv m¤¢e| GB
cÖ¯Ív‡ei wfZi wn›`y gymjgv‡bi g‡a¨ m¤úÖxwZ cÖwZôvi cÖ‡PóvI †bqv n‡qwQj| wKš‘ †kl ch©šÍ G gnr cÖ‡Póv
ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡Z cv‡i wb| GeviI cÖ_g we‡ivwaZv Av‡m Ks‡MÖ‡mi cÿ †_‡KB| Ks‡MÖ‡mi AevOvjx I iÿYkxj
m`mïv cÖPÐ we‡ivwaZvq †g‡Z I‡V| Ks‡MÖm Gevi ALÐ evsjvi e`‡j cvwK¯Ívb `vwe‡KB †g‡b †bq| Gfv‡e fviZ
wefv‡Mi cÖm½wU ¯úó n‡q hvq|
fviZ ¯^vaxbZv AvB‡bi djvdj
fviZ ¯^vaxbZv AvB‡bi g‡a¨ w`‡q 1947 wLª÷v‡ãi 14 I 15 AvM÷ h_vµ‡g cvwK¯Ívb I fviZ bv‡gi `ywU iv‡óªi
Rš§ nq| Avcbviv cvV-11 G 1935 mv‡ji fviZ kvmb AvB‡bi K_v †R‡b‡Qb| GB fviZ kvmb AvBb‡KB
A‡bK cwieZ©b I ms¯‹vi K‡i 1947 wLª÷v‡ãi fviZ ¯^vaxbZv AvB‡b iƒcvšÍi Kiv nq| G AvB‡bi wZbwU djvdj
jÿ Kiv hvq 
K. cvwK¯Ívb I fviZ bv‡g `ywU wfbœ †Wvwgwbqb ¯’vcb Kiv nq Ges GB †Wvwgwbqb `ywU wQj mgvb gh©v`v m¤úbœ I
¯^vqËkvwmZ
L. cvwK¯Ív‡bi gš¿xmfvi civgk© Abyhvqx cvwK¯Ív‡bi Mfb©i †Rbv‡ij wb‡qvM Kiv nq| †Wvwgwbqb AvBb mfvq †h
me AvBb M„nxZ n‡Zv Zv‡Z ¯^vÿi `v‡bi c~Y© AwaKvi _vK‡Zv Mfb©i †Rbv‡i‡ji|
M. 1935 wLª÷v‡ãi AvBb Abyhvqx MwVZ AvBbmfv MYcwil‡ì gh©v`v jvf K‡i| GB MYcwil‡ì Dci `vwqZ¡
wQj †`‡ki Rb¨ kvmbZš¿ cÖYqb Kiv|
wkÿv_©xi KvR wkÿv_©xMY ALÐ evsjv cÖ¯Ív‡ei Dci GKwU wbeÜ iPbv Ki‡eb|
mvivsk
e„wUk fviZ wef³ n‡q 1947 wLªóv‡ã 15 I 14 AvM÷ fviZ I cvwK¯Ívb bv‡g `yÕ†Uv iv‡óª cwiYZ nq| fviZ
¯^vaxbZv AvBb nVvr K‡iB ˆZwi nq wb| gš¿x wgk‡bi e¨_©Zvi ci †h AivRKZv m„wó n‡qwQj, Zv evsjvi
†bZv‡ì AvZw¼Z K‡i †Zv‡j| ZvB emy-†mvn&ivIqv`x© cÖ¯vÍ ‡ei ga¨ w`‡q ALÐ evsjvi wPšÍv RbwcÖq n‡q D‡V|
wKš‘ Ks‡MÖ‡mi kxl© †bZ…e„‡›ì Zxeª we‡ivwaZvi gy‡L GB cÖ‡Póv †f‡½ hvq ga¨ w`‡q| Ae‡k‡l †kliÿv Ki‡Z nq
1947 wLª÷v‡ãi fviZ ¯^vaxbZv AvBb cÖYqb K‡i|
1| ÒKs‡MÖm hw` ÿgZvq e‡m Zv n‡j evsjv ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv Ki‡e|Ó Dw³wU Kvi?
K) †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`x© L) kir emy
M) wKib ksKi ivq N) Aveyj nv‡kg

2| 1947 wLª÷v‡ãi fviZ ¯^vaxbZv AvBbwU n‡jvÑ

K) 1935 wLª÷v‡ãi fviZ kvmb AvB‡bi ms¯‹vi
L) emy †mvnivIqv`x© cÖ¯Ív‡ei ms¯‹vi
M) 1940 wLª÷v‡ãi jv‡nvi cÖ¯Ív‡ei ms¯‹vi
N) gš¿x wgkb cwiKíbvi ms¯‹vi
3| 1946 wLª÷v‡ã cÖZ¨ÿ msMÖvg wè‡mi †NvlYv †`q Kviv?
K) †`wkq ivR¨mg~n L) Ks‡MÖm
M) gymwjg jxM N) nwiRb m¤úÖ`vq
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ
fviZxq Dcgnv‡`k
ÔKÕ m¤úÖ`vq Aay¨wlZ ÔLÕ m¤úÖ`vq Aay¨wlZ

AÂj 15 AvMó AÂj 14B AvMó
K. jv‡nvi cÖ¯Íve †K KZ wLª÷v‡ã †ck K‡ib? 1

L. wRbœvn †Kb 14 `dv cÖ¯Íve †ck K‡ib? e¨vL¨v Kiæb| 2
M. ewY©Z AÂj `ywU Avcbvi cvV¨ eB‡qi †Kvb AvB‡bi ev¯Íe iƒc? e¨vL¨v Kiæb| 3
N. D³ AÂj `ywUi Rb¥ †h cÖ¯Ív‡ei cÖfv‡e m¤úbœ n‡qwQj Zv we‡kølY Kiæb| 4

cvV-10.14 cvwK¯Ívb I fviZ iv‡óªi Afz¨`q

D‡Ïk¨
 wn›`y-gymwjg we‡iv‡ai cÖwZwµqv m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
 ÿgZv n¯ÍvšÍi wè‡mi Abyôvb cÖm‡½ †hme cÖ¯Íve ivLv n‡qwQj, Zv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 cvwK¯Ívb I fviZ ivóª m„wói mg‡qi NUbvmg~n e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
gyL¨ kãgvjv fviZ, cvwK¯Ívb, †mvn&ivIqv`©x, MvÜx
Avcbviv c~e©eZ©x cv‡V †`‡L‡Qb 1947 wLª÷v‡ãi 14 Ges 15 AvM÷ weªwUk fvi‡Zi Aemvb N‡U, Rš§
†bq bZzb `ywU ivóª  fviZ I cvwK¯Ívb| GZ eo GKwU NUbv nVvr K‡i N‡U †h‡Z cv‡i bv| fviZ
wefv‡Mi †cÖÿvcU wn‡m‡e wKQy NUbvi K_v Avcbviv †R‡b‡Qb| GLb GB `yB iv‡óªi Afz¨`‡qi mgqKv‡j
ZvrÿwYK wKQy NUbv D‡jøL Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
†nv‡mb knx` †mvn&ivIqv`x© gnvZ¥v MvÜx
wn›`y-gymwjg we‡iv‡ai cÖwZwµqv

Av‡Mi cv‡V Avcbviv wn›`y-gymjgv‡bi g‡a¨ mv¤úÖ`vwqK `v½vi K_v †R‡b‡Qb| †`k wefv‡Mi c~‡e© cÖPzi i³
S‡iwQj G †`kevmxi| 1947 wLª÷v‡ãi AvM‡÷B cÖPzi `v½vi Lei Avm‡Z _v‡K| nZvk n‡q c‡owQj G
†`kevmx| G mg‡qB nVvr Avkvi Av‡jv †`Lv hvq| bZzb †cÖiYv wb‡q GwM‡q Av‡mb `yÕRb e¨w³Z¡| Gu‡ì GKRb
Gg. †K MvÜx Ges AciRb †nv‡mb knx` †mvn&ivIqv`x©| Zvuiv Lu‡y R †c‡qwQ‡jb m¼‡Ui Drm| †`k wefv‡Mi ci
Kxfv‡e mxgvbv wba©viY Kiv n‡e Zv wb‡q weZK© I Aw¯’iZv ˆZwi n‡qwQj| G cÖm‡½ ivRbxwZwe` I mvaviY gvby‡li
g‡a¨ †h Lei cÖPvwiZ nw”Qj Zv‡Z DËß nw”Qj Pvicvk| wn›`y gymwjg DfqB wb‡R‡ì fwel¨r wb‡q DwØMœ wQj|
d‡j ci¯ú‡ii cÖwZ m‡›`n ev‡o| `v½vI we¯Ívi jvf Ki‡Z _v‡K| miKvi †m `v½v _vgv‡Z cv‡i wb| †m Amva¨
mvwaZ n‡jv MvÜxi e¨w³‡Z¡| `v½vi K_v fz‡j wM‡q RbZvi ga¨ †_‡K †køvMvb DV‡Z _vKj Ôwn›`y-gymjgvb GK
nIÕ, Ôwn›`y-gymjgvb fvB fvBÕ; GBfv‡e kvwšÍ I m¤úÖxwZi AvenvIqv µ‡g we¯Ívi jvf Ki‡Z _v‡K| `v½v AwaK
†Rvi`vi nw”Qj evsjv Ges cvÄve cÖ‡`‡k| KviY `ywU cÖ‡`kB msL¨vMwiôZvi wfwË‡Z wef³ nw”Qj| ZrKvjxb
evsjvi cÖavbgš¿x †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`©x KjKvZvq `v½v `g‡b we‡kl f‚wgKv cvjb K‡ib| gnvZ¥v MvÜxI
evsjvi wewfbœ AÂj md‡i G‡j †mvn&ivIqv`x© Zvi m‡½ `v½v KewjZ GjvKvq mdi K‡ib|
ÿgZv n¯ÍvšÍi wè‡mi Abyôvb
Ryb gv‡mB gvD›U e¨vUb mKj `‡ji †bZv‡ì m‡½ Avjvc Ki‡jb| Zv‡ì Avnevb Rvbv‡jb †hb †g‡b †bqv nq
†`k wefv‡Mi e¨vcv‡i e„wUk miKv‡ii cwiKíbv| G mg‡qi †bZv †b‡niæ, wRbœvn I mi`vi ej‡è wms, gvD›U
e¨vU‡bi cwiKíbv MÖnY K‡i †iwWI‡Z e³…Zv K‡ib| w¯’i nq †h 14 AvM÷ cvwK¯Ívb cÖwZwôZ n‡e Ges 15 AvM÷

fviZ ¯^vaxb n‡e| G mg‡qi cÖkvmwbK e¨w³Z¡ jW© BR‡g fvBmiq‡K GKUv †bvU wj‡L cvVvb| wk‡ivbvg wQj
ÔÿgZv n¯ÍvšÍi wè‡mi AbyôvbÕ| wZwb gZ cÖKvk K‡ib †h, ÿgZv n¯ÍvšÍ‡ii mv‡_ ivR‰bwZK cÖkœ RwoZ| ZvB
wb¤œwjwLZ welq¸‡jv ÿgZv n¯ÍvšÍ‡ii c~‡e© we‡ePbvq ivL‡Z n‡e|
K. fviZ-cvwK¯Ívb Dfq †Wvwgwbq‡bi ivRavbx‡ZB ÿgZv n¯ÍvšÍi Dcj‡ÿ Abyôvb nIqv cÖ‡qvRb| mKv‡ji w`‡K
w`jøx‡Z Ges we‡K‡ji w`‡K KivPx‡Z Abyôv‡bi Av‡qvRb Ki‡j Zv‡Z fvBmi‡qi †hvM`vb m¤¢e|
L. w`jøxi Abyôvb Lye RuvKRg‡Ki mv‡_ Kiv DwPZ| G e¨vcv‡i Dfq †Wvwgwbq‡bi cÖavbgš¿x‡ì mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv
K‡i wm×všÍ wb‡Z n‡e| Z‡e fvBmi‡qi B”Qvi evB‡i hv‡e bv †Kv‡bv wm×všÍ|
M. w`jøxi ÿgZv n¯ÍvšÍi Abyôvb ìevi n‡j AbywôZ n‡e Ges cÖZ¨vkv _vK‡e 15 AvM÷ gnvgvb¨ weªwUk mgªv‡Ui
evYx fvBmiq c‡o †kvbv‡eb|
N. Dfq †Wvwgwbq‡bi cÖwZwbwa‡ì Abyôv‡b †hvM`vb wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
O. ÿgZv n¯ÍvšÍi wè‡m Dfq †Wvwgwbqb Zv‡ì wbR¯^ †jvK w`‡q AšÍZ GKwU BDwbU M‡o Zzj‡e| weªwUk
ˆmb¨‡ìI G Abyôv‡b AskMÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| Dfq †Wvwgwbq‡bi ivRavbx‡ZB †mbvevwnbxi wewfbœ BDwbU
gIRy` _vK‡e|
P. G e¨vcv‡i gZvgZ †P‡q jÛ‡b BwÛqv Awd‡m GKwU wPwV wjL‡Z n‡e|
cÖwZwµqv
jW© BR‡gi cÖ¯Ív‡ei †ekwKQy cÖwZwµqv jÿ Kiv hvq| ¯^vaxbZv wèm Abyôv‡b weªwUk cÖkvmb AskMÖnY KiæK GUv
wRbœvn ev †b‡niæ †KD Pvb wb| Z‡e 14 AvM÷ KivPxi ¯^vaxbZv wè‡mi cÖ_g Abyôv‡b wRbœvn& gvD›U e¨vUb‡K †hvM
†`qvi cÖ¯Íve K‡iwQ‡jb|
ÿgZv n¯ÍvšÍi wè‡m gnvgvb¨ e„wUk mgªv‡Ui evYx cvVv‡bvi †h cÖ¯Íve ivLv n‡qwQj, e„‡U‡bi kªwgK `‡ji miKvi
Zvi mv‡_ GKgZ n‡Z cv‡i wb| KviY, Zv‡ì aviYv wQj fviZxq RbMY GUv cQ›` Ki‡e bv|
cvwK¯Ívb I fvi‡Zi Afz¨`q
cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óªi Afz¨`q‡K gnvgvb¨ e„wUk mgªv‡Ui cÿ †_‡K Awfb›`b Rvbv‡bvi D‡Ï‡k¨ fvBmiq 13 AvM÷ KivPx
†cuŠ‡Qb| we‡K‡ji AvbyôvwbK †fvR mfvq wRbœvn& `xN© fvlY cvV K‡ib| fvBmiqI †mLv‡b Zuvi e³e¨ †`b|
14 AvM÷ cvwK¯Ívb MYcwil‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ GK fvl‡Y fvBmiq cvwK¯Ívb m„wó‡K GKwU HwZnvwmK NUbv wn‡m‡e
D‡jøL K‡ib| GB w`b we‡K‡jB w`jøx‡Z wd‡i Av‡mb fvBmiq|
¯^vaxbZvi AvKv•Lvq 14 AvM÷ mÜ¨v †_‡KB w`jøx‡Z Avb‡›ì eb¨v e‡q hvw”Qj| ¯^vaxbZvi Drm‡e †hvM †`qvi
Rb¨ nvRvi nvRvi gvbyl Qy‡U Avm‡Z _v‡K w`jøxi w`‡K| 15 AvM÷ †b‡niæ fviZxq weavb mfvi D‡Ï‡k¨ GK
fvl‡Y fvi‡Zi ¯^vaxbZvi e¨vcv‡i Zvi cÖwZwµqv e¨³ K‡ib| Gw`b ¯^vaxbZv †NvwlZ nIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ Avb‡›`
D‡Øj n‡q c‡o, w`jøx Z_v fviZ| Gfv‡e Dcgnv‡`‡ki BwZnv‡m `yÕ†kv eQ‡ii Bs‡iR kvm‡bi Aemvb N‡U, Rš§
†bq fviZ Avi cvwK¯Ívb bv‡gi `yÕ†Uv ¯^vaxb ivóª|
wkÿv_©xMY e„wUk fviZ-fvM Ges mv¤úª`vwqK `v½vi Dci GKwU bvwUKv gÂ¯’
wkÿv_©xi KvR
Ki‡eb|
mvivsk
e„wUk kvm‡bi Aemvb NwU‡q 1947 wLª÷v‡ãi 14 I 15 AvM÷ h_vµ‡g cvwK¯Ívb I fviZ iv‡óªi Afz¨`q
BwZnv‡m GK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© NUbv| 1946 I 47 wLª÷v‡ãi wn›`y-gymwjg `v½v fviZ wefv‡Mi cÖkœwU‡K Riæix K‡i
Zz‡jwQj| e„wUk miKvi fviZxq †bZv‡ì mv‡_ Avjvc Av‡jvPbv K‡i GKwU bxwZ wba©viY K‡iwQ‡jb| ZviB c_
a‡i AvbyôvwbKfv‡e fviZ I cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óªi Afz¨`q N‡UwQj|

1| wn›`y-gymwjg `v½vi ga¨ †_‡K †ewo‡q G‡jv GKwU †møvMvbÑ Òwn›`y gymjgvb fvB fvB|Ó D³ Amva¨ mva‡b †K
†bZ…Z¡ w`‡qwQ‡jb?
K) gnvZ¥v MvÜx L) jW© gvD›U e¨v‡Ub
M) gyn¤§` Avjx wRbœvn N) kir emy
2| 1947 wLª÷v‡ã ÿgZv n¯ÍvšÍ‡ii †NvlYv †`qv nq †Kv_vq?
i. KivPx ii. jv‡nvi iii. w`jøx
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co–b Ges 3 I 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi w`b|
†mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb †f‡½ K‡qKwU ¯^vaxb iv‡óªi D™¢e N‡U| G‡ì g‡a¨ AvRvievBRvb, RwR©qv, wj_ywbqv,
G‡¯Ívwbqv Ab¨Zg|
3| ewY©Z ¯^vaxb ivóªmg~‡ni mv‡_ mv`„k¨c~Y© ivóª n‡jvÑ
i. cvwK¯Ívb ii. evsjv‡`k iii. fviZ
4| D³ ivóªmg~n ¯^vaxbZv jv‡fi wKQz w`b c~‡e© †h msK‡U c‡owQj, Zv n‡jvÑ
K) fqven hy× L) fqven `v½v
M) Zxeª Av‡›`vjb N) †bZ…‡Z¡i Zxeª †Kv›`j
DËigvjv
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 10.1 t 1| K 2| M 3|N
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 10.2 t 1| N 2| M 3| L 4| K
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 10.3 t 1| M 2| M 3| K 4| N
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 10.4 t 1| N 2| L 3| M 4| K
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 10.5 t 1| K 2| K 3| N 4| N
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 10.6 t 1| N 2| L 3| L 4| M
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 10.7 t 1| K 2| M 3| N 4| M
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 10.8 t 1| L 2| K 3| K 4| K
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 10.9 t 1| M 2| N 3| N 4| M
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 10.10 t 1| K 2| L 3| K 4| M
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 10.11 t 1| K 2| M 3| L 4| L
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 10.12 t 1| N 2| K 3| M

J Ÿèš PZW - K Fviz Wefvm (1916-1947 WL .) : Bdwbu

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J Ÿèš PZW - K Fviz Wefvm (1916-1947 WL .) : Bdwbu

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BDwbU

j‡ÿèŠ Pzw³ †_‡K fviZ wefvM (1916-1947 wLª.)

BDwbU mgvwßi mgq BDwbU mgvwßi m‡e©v”P mgq 2 mßvn

cvV-10.1 j‡ÿèŠPzw³ (1916 wLª.)

BDwbU 10 c„ôv 154

BDwbU 10 c„ôv 155

M. D³ mg‡SvZv Pzw³wUi ¸iæZ¡ we‡kølY Kiæb| 3

gyL¨ kãgvjv wLjvdZ, Amn‡hvM, MvÜx, gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avjx

BDwbU 10 c„ôv 156

BDwbU 10 c„ôv 157

cvV-10.3 evsjvq mk¯¿ Av‡›`vjb (1911-34 wLª.)

gyL¨ kãgvjv wecøe, gv÷vi `v, cÖxwZjZv, ØxcvšÍi

BDwbU 10 c„ôv 158

BDwbU 10 c„ôv 159

cvV-10.4 1919 wLª÷v‡ãi fviZ kvmb AvBb

gyL¨ kãgvjv fviZ kvmb AvBb, ˆØZ kvmb, n¯ÍvšÍi, msiwÿZ

BDwbU 10 c„ôv 160

BDwbU 10 c„ôv 161

cvV-10.5 †e½j c¨v±, 1923 wLª.

BDwbU 10 c„ôv 162

BDwbU 10 c„ôv 163

cvV-10.6 †b‡niæ wi‡cvU©

gyL¨ kãgvjv †b‡niæ wi‡cvU©, †Wvwgwbqb, †hŠ_ wbe©vPb

BDwbU 10 c„ôv 164

BDwbU 10 c„ôv 165

BDwbU 10 c„ôv 166

N) Kwgk‡bi wi‡cvU© fviZxq‡`i cQ›` nq wb

BDwbU 10 c„ôv 167

cvV-10.7 wRbœvni †PŠÏ `dv

gyL¨ kãgvjv wRbœvn, †PŠÏ `dv, cÖv‡`wkK ¯^vqZ¡kvmb, gymwjg

BDwbU 10 c„ôv 168

BDwbU 10 c„ôv 169

2| †ev‡¤^ †_‡K wmÜzi c„_KxKiY †K †P‡qwQ‡jb?

cvV-10.8 †Mvj †Uwej ˆeVK

cÖ_g †Mvj‡Uwej ˆeVK

BDwbU 10 c„ôv 170

wØZxq †Mvj †Uwej ˆeVK

Z…Zxq †Mvj‡Uwej ˆeVK

wkÿv_©xMY HwZnvwmK †Mvj †Uwe‡ji Av‡jv‡K wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ D³ wel‡q GKwU

BDwbU 10 c„ôv 171

cvV-10.9 mv¤úÖ`vwqK †iv‡q`v` (1932 wLª.)

BDwbU 10 c„ôv 172

BDwbU 10 c„ôv 173

wkÿv_©xi KvR wkÿv_©xMY mv¤úª`vwqK †iv‡q`v‡`i Dci GKwU iPbv wjL‡eb

cvV-10.10 1935 wLª÷v‡ãi fviZ kvmb AvBb

BDwbU 10 c„ôv 174

BDwbU 10 c„ôv 175

cvV-10.11 jv‡nvi cÖ¯Íve (1940 wLª.)

BDwbU 10 c„ôv 176

BDwbU 10 c„ôv 177

M. Gfv‡e MwVZ ¯^vaxb ivóªmg~‡ni A½ivR¨¸‡jv _vK‡e ¯^-kvwmZ I mve©‡fŠg|

BDwbU 10 c„ôv 178

K. ÔcvwK¯ÍvbÕ bvgwUi D™¢veK †K? 1

BDwbU 10 c„ôv 179

cvV-10.12 gš¿x wgkb cwiKíbv

BDwbU 10 c„ôv 180

BDwbU 10 c„ôv 181

A MÖæc B MÖæc C MÖæc

K. ALÐ ¯^vaxb evsjvi cÖ¯Íve Kviv Dc¯’vcb K‡i? 1

BDwbU 10 c„ôv 182

cvV-10.13 1947 wLª÷v‡ãi fviZ ¯^vaxbZv AvBb

fviZ ¯^vaxbZv AvB‡bi †cÖÿvcU

BDwbU 10 c„ôv 183