¯§„wZ‡Z Ôexiv½bvÕ, al©Y I hy‡×i A¯¿

dv‡Zgv myjZvbv ïåv

mgqUv 2011-Gi el©vKvj| Lyjbvi iƒcmvq hvÎv K‡iwQ1| iƒcmvi exiv½bv iwÄZv gÐj `xN©,
k³‡cv³ Mo‡bi cÂv‡kvaŸ© wn›`y bvix| iwÄZv 1971-G gyw³hy‡×i mgq cv‡ki MÖv‡gi †`Š`©Ð
cÖZvckvjx ivRvKvi‡`i nv‡Z MYal©‡Yi wkKvi n‡qwQ‡jb| hy×cieZ©xKv‡j Zvi cÖ_g wn›`y ¯^vgx
iwÄZv‡K †Q‡o P‡j hvb| GKgvÎ Kg©¶g fvB †ev‡bi al©Y I msL¨vjNy AvZ¥cwiP‡qi Pv‡ci
Kvi‡Y cwievimn MÖv‡g wUK‡Z bv †c‡i Ae‡k‡l wb‡Ri MÖv‡gi evwo †Q‡o kn‡i wM‡q †Wv‡gi
KvR ïiæ K‡ib| Rwg †e`L‡ji Pv‡ci g‡a¨ wb‡Ri mšÍvbmn wU‡K _vKvi msMÖvg Pvwj‡q hvIqv
KweivR iwÄZv‡K wb‡Ri MÖvg †_‡K GK Kb¨vmšÍvbm‡gZ Ô†ek¨vÕ bvg w`‡q cvovcÖwZ‡ekxiv
wcZ…wf‡U Qvov K‡ib| GKgvÎ fvB †ev‡bi mvgvwRK Ô†ek¨vÕ cwiwPwZi Kvi‡Y Zv‡K m¤ú~Y©fv‡e
Z¨vM K‡ib| wb‡Ri †g‡qmn iwÄZv MÖvg †Q‡o wZb MÖvg `~‡i GK gymwjg ˆmwb‡Ki evwo‡Z Avkªq
†bb| †m MÖv‡gi gvbylRb `vwe K‡i, iwÄZv gÐj Zuvi ag© I Ni †Q‡o GLb gymwjg cyiæ‡li wØZxq
¯¿x wn‡m‡e msmvi Ki‡Q| iv¯ÍvNv‡U 71-Gi ivRvKvi Avi AvR‡Ki ÔRvgvqv‡ZiÕ †mB †bZv‡`i
†Pv‡Li mvg‡b †c‡j iwÄZv wPrKvi K‡i wePvi Pvb, MvwjMvjvR K‡ib| Zuv‡K MÖv‡gi gvbyl ZvB
ÔcvMwjÕ e‡j|
wm‡bgv wbg©v‡Yi Ask wn‡m‡e cwiPvjK ewe Avi Avwg iwÄZv I Zuvi ¯^vgx Avey Zv‡n‡ii mv‡_ K_v
ejwQjvg| Rxe‡bi bvbvb AmnvqZ¡ Avi cÖwZK~jZvi K_v ïb‡Z ïb‡Z mܨv n‡q Gj| Lyjbvi
Mvp meyR Pvicvk ZLb fxlY Mvp n‡q D‡V‡Q| Avgiv `yBRb K¨v‡giv wb‡q iwÄZv gvwmi †Q‡o
Avmv wcZ…wfUv †`L‡Z hve| kû‡i M‡elK Avwg hLb Kv`vq ax‡i ax‡i cv w`‡q w`‡q mvg‡b
G‡Mv‡bvi †Póv KiwQ, nVvr gvwmi eZ©gvb ¯^vgx Avgv‡K cÖkœ Ki‡jb, ÔAvcv, GBme K_v KB‡j †m
wK gyw³‡hv×v nBqv hvB‡ev?Õ
nVvr Avgvi †Pv‡Li mvg‡b 2008 mv‡j †`Lv gyw³hy× Rv`yN‡ii †`qv‡j UvOv‡bv mvwi mvwi Qwei
†d«g †f‡m DVj| gyw³‡hv×v‡`i exiZ¡Mv_v Qwe¸‡jv Avi Zvi K¨vck‡bi k㸇jv Avgv‡K mvnm
†RvMvq| †`qv‡ji Mv‡q muvUv Qwe¸‡jvi g‡a¨ KZK exiv½bv bvix‡`i Qwe| Qwe¸‡jv D×viK…Z
wee¯¿ wbcxwoZ exiv½bv‡`i K_v e‡j Avi †m Qwei wb‡P e‡ov e‡ov A¶‡i GKwU K¨vckb †jLv
†`L‡Z †c‡qwQjvg, Ôexiv½bv †evb Avgvi!Õ Av”Qv, gyw³‡hv×viv †Kb †Kej fvB m¤ú‡K© _v‡Kb
bv? gyw³‡hv×v wcZv, gyw³‡hv×v ¯^vgx, gyw³‡hv×v mšÍvb nq| Gme m¤úK© exiv½bv‡`i †ejvq †bB
†Kb? Avgv‡`i mgvR ev¯ÍeZvq gyw³‡hv×v mb` Avi exiv½bv mb‡`i g~j¨ wK GK? exiZ¡ AR©‡bi
BwZnvm wK GKB mgZ‡j `uvwo‡q Av‡Q? Av‡`Š exiv½bv mb` ej‡Z wK wKQz Av‡Q? exiv½bv mšÍvb
wKsev cwiev‡ii †Kv‡bv †KvUv? ivóªxq myweav wK Av‡Q? exiv½bv gv‡qi mšÍvb gvÎB wK hy×wkï?
exiv½bv gv‡qi mšÍvb wK Avgv‡`i mgv‡R m¤§vwbZ? Avgvi gv_vq cÖkœ Av‡m, exiv½bv mb` †`wL‡q
gyw³hy‡×i ¯^c¶xqZvi cÖgvY †`Iqv wK Avgv‡`i mgv‡R m¤¢e?
                                                       
1
Pjw”PÎ wbg©vZv dviRvbv ewei ÔwelKuvUvÕ wm‡bgvq GKRb mvÿvrKvi MÖnYKvix M‡elK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡iwQjvg| iwÄZv gЇji K_b †m mgq
msMÖn Kiv n‡q‡Q|

bvix I cÖMwZ  13

 
2.
1972 mv‡ji Rvbyqvwi gv‡m m`¨ ¯^vaxb nIqv evsjv‡`k ivóª gyw³hy×Kv‡j awl©Z 2 jÿ bvixi
¯^vaxbZv hy‡×i exi wn‡m‡e Ôexiv½bvÕ (hy‡×i mvnmx bvix/hy‡×i wn‡ivBb) bv‡g f~wlZ K‡ib
(eªvDbwgjvi 1975; gyLvR©x 2002)| 1971-Gi wW‡m¤^‡ii †kl w`K †_‡K AvšÍR©vwZK ch©v‡q
wewfbœ msev`c‡Î gyw³hy×Kvjxb bvix al©‡Yi welqwU Le‡i Avm‡Z _v‡K Ges cÖKvwkZ msev`¸‡jv
AviI D‡jøL Ki‡Z _v‡K †h, ÔcÖ_vMZ ev½vjx MÖvgxY mgv‡R bvix‡`i c`©vi g‡a¨ _vK‡Z nq Ges
al©‡Yi wkKvi bvix mgvR †_‡K weZvwoZ n‡q _v‡KbÕ| ga¨ Rvbyqvwi‡Z †R‡bfvq Iqvì© KvDwÝj
Ad Pv‡P©i Gwkqv kvLvi ÎvY mwPe Zuvi †cÖm Kbdv‡i‡Ý e‡jb, ÔXvKvq Aew¯’Z evsjv‡`‡ki
miKv‡ii wn‡me Abyhvqx 9 gv‡mi GB hy‡× 2 j‡ÿi †ewk bvix cvwK¯Ívwb nvbv`vievwnbxi nv‡Z
al©‡Yi wkKvi n‡q‡Qb| nvRvi nvRvi bvix Mf©eZx n‡q c‡o‡Qb| mgv‡Ri wbqg Abyhvqx, †Kv‡bv
gymwjg ¯^vgxB Ab¨ cyiæl kixi Qzu‡q‡Q, GgbwK †Rvic~e©K al©‡Yi wkKvi n‡q‡Q Ggb ¯¿x‡KI wbR
N‡i wdwi‡q †bb bv| bZzb miKvi GB cÖ_v fv½evi Rb¨ AvcÖvY †Póv Ki‡Qb| miKvi bvix‡`i
RvwZi exi wn‡m‡e AvL¨v w`‡q‡Qb Ges Zv‡`i wfKwUg wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Ki‡Qb| miKv‡ii GB
c`‡ÿ‡ci c‡iI AwZ Aí msL¨K ¯^vgx Zv‡`i ¯¿x‡`i evwo‡Z †diZ wb‡”QbÕ (eªvDbwgjvi
1975)|
mg¯Í †`kRy‡o cybe©vmb †K›`ª ¯’vc‡bi ga¨ w`‡q hy‡× ÿwZMª¯Í bvix, g~jZ hy‡× al©‡Yi wkKvi
bvix‡`i cybe©vmb I ÎvY mn‡hvwMZv cÖ`vb, A¨v‡evikb wK¬wbK ¯’vcb, exiv½bv bvix‡`i we‡q
†`Iqv, KvwiMwi wkÿv cÖ`vb, BZ¨vw` Kg©m~wP nv‡Z wb‡q bZzb miKvi ÎvY I cybe©vmb †evW© ¯’vcb
K‡i| bq gvme¨vcx al©Y, AcniY, †Rvic~e©K †ek¨ve„wË evOvwj bvixi cÖwZ m‡e©v”P gvbevwaKvi
j•Nb wn‡m‡e ivóªxqfv‡e wPwýZ Kiv nq| ZrKvjxb cÖavbgš¿x †kL gywReyi ingvb gyw³hy×Kv‡j
al©‡Yi wkKvi bvix‡`i exiv½bv Dcvwa cÖ`v‡bi ga¨ w`‡q cybivq mgv‡R wdwi‡q Avbvi, awl©Zv
bvix‡`i mgv‡Ri mv‡_ mgwš^Z Kivi D‡`¨vM wb‡jI †m D‡`¨vM cy‡ivcywi e¨_© nq| evOvwj mgv‡R
†hLv‡b bvixi cweÎZv I c`©v LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©, †mLv‡b al©‡Yi wkKvi bvix‡K Zv‡`i ¯^vgxiv
¯^cÖ‡Yvw`Z n‡q MÖnY Ki‡eb wKsev gyw³evwnbxi †hv×viv AweevwnZ awl©Zv bvix‡K we‡q Ki‡Z
GwM‡q Avm‡eb, GiKg Avg~j gZv`wk©K cwieZ©b Av`‡Z m¤¢eB wQj bv| d‡j exiv½bv‡`i Ôwe‡q
KieviÕ (marry  them  off) D‡`¨vM cy‡iv`¯‘i e¨_© nq| Aí msL¨K cyiæl miKvi‡K ÔwcZv
wn‡m‡eÕ (k¦ïi A‡_©) wb‡q exiv½bv bvix‡`i we‡q Ki‡Z GwM‡q Av‡mb, hv‡`i g~j jÿ¨ wQj
†gvUv‡mvUv gv‡ci †hŠZzK miKv‡ii KvQ †_‡K nvwZ‡q †bIqv wKsev MÖnY Kiv| GB †hŠZz‡Ki eni
GZB j¤^v wQj †h †m mgqKvi GKRb miKvwi Kg©KZ©v weiw³i ¯^‡i Rvbvb †`b, Ôexiv½bv
bvix‡`i we‡q Ki‡Z cÖ¯‘Z cyiæliv jvj is Kiv RvcvwbR Mvwo †_‡K ïiæ K‡i AcÖKvwkZ KweZv
cÖKvk K‡i w`‡Z n‡e GiKgÕ wewfbœ †hŠZzK miKv‡ii KvQ †_‡K `vwe Ki‡Zb (eªvDbwgjvi
1986)|
hy×cieZ©x evsjv‡`‡k mePvB‡Z ¸iæZi mgm¨v wn‡m‡e mvg‡b P‡j Av‡m hy‡×i mgqKvi al©‡Yi
Kvi‡Y bvix‡`i Mf©eZx n‡q cov| wVK KZRb bvix hy×Kvjxb al©‡Yi Kvi‡Y Mf©eZx n‡q c‡ob,
Zvi wn‡me cy•Lvbycy•Lfv‡e Kiv bv †M‡jI mvaviYZ a‡i †bIqv nq 25 nvRv‡iiI †ewk bvix

bvix I cÖMwZ  14

 
hy×Kvjxb al©‡Yi Kvi‡Y Mf©eZx n‡q c‡ob2| Ôhy×wkï‡`i wel‡q †Zgb †Kv‡bv AvMÖnB Kv‡ivi
wQj bv Ges †Rvic~e©K al©‡Yi Kvi‡Y Rb¥ †bIqv wkï c„w_ex‡Z Avm‡Q GBiKg fvebvi fq¼i
fxwZ bvix‡`i g‡a¨ weivR Ki‡Z _v‡K|Õ3 evsjv‡`‡k †m mg‡q GUv ¯^xK…ZI †h, cvÄvwe †MŠieY©
†Pnviv wb‡q †h ÔRviRÕ (bastard) hy×wkïi4 Rb¥ n‡e, †m †Kv‡bvw`b evOvwj ms¯‹…wZ‡Z
MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv cv‡e bv| GgbwK †m wkïi gv‡qiI †Kv‡bv mvgvwRK MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv †bB| GB
mvgvwRK †cÖwÿ‡Z abx cwievi¸‡jv Zv‡`i †g‡q‡`i Mf©cv‡Zi Rb¨ KjKvZvi `vwg wPwKrmK‡`i
Kv‡Q wb‡q †h‡Z _v‡K| Ab¨w`‡K, MÖvgxY mgv‡R Mf©cv‡Zi †Zgb †Kv‡bv fv‡jv weKí bv _vKvq
mšÍvb M‡f© _vKv bvixiv Bu`yi gvivi wel †L‡q AvZ¥nZ¨v Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| ev`evwKiv †`kxq c×wZ‡Z
Awbivc` Mf©cv‡Zi SzuwK †bb| A‡bK awl©Zv bvix Mf©cvZ Kiv‡Z wM‡q wb`viæY kvixwiKfv‡e
Amy¯’Zvi m¤§yLxb †nvb (†Wwfm wRI‡d« 1972; eªvDbwgjvi 1975)|
gv`vi †Z‡imvi KjKvZvi K¨v_wjK AvkÖ‡gi GKwU kvLv hy×wkï‡`i cÖevmx‡`i Kv‡Q `ËK
cÖ`v‡bi j‡ÿ¨ XvKvq KvR Ki‡Z _v‡K| cÖPviYv m‡Ë¡I Lye Aí msL¨K al©‡Yi wfKwUg bvix gv`vi
†Z‡imvi AvkÖ‡g Av‡mb| m`¨ ¯^vaxbZvcÖvß †`‡k evsjv‡`k bvix cybe©vmb †ev‡W©i †K›`ªxq kvLv
XvKvq I XvKvi evB‡i 17wU ¯’v‡b AbvKvw•ÿZ Mf©aviY †VKv‡Z Mf©cv‡Zi †mev cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ KvR
ïiæ K‡i| †Kej XvKvq ¯’vwcZ wK¬wb‡KB cÖ_g gv‡m 100wUiI †ewk Mf©cvZ NUv‡bv nq| evOvwj
bvix‡`i wb‡q MwVZ †K›`ªxq bvix cybe©vmb †evW© m`¨ ¯^vaxb nIqv †`‡k fxlYiKg exiZ¡ I
mvnwmKZvi cwiPq †`q⎯ ÔMf©cvZ, bvixi al©Y‡K wbh©vZb wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Kiv, †Kej we‡q bq
A_©‰bwZK ¯^vejw¤^Zv AR©b Kievi K_vÕ5 ejv n‡Z _v‡K| ivóªxq ch©v‡q GB D‡`¨v‡Mi mv‡_ mv‡_
ev¯Í‡e †`Lv hvq, G mKj my‡hvM-myweav wbh©vwZZ eû bvixi Kv‡Q †`wi‡Z †cuŠQvq wKsev Kv‡iv
Kv‡iv Kv‡Q †Kv‡bvw`bB †cŠuQvq wb| d‡j Ôexiv½bv bvixiv cwZZvcjøx‡Z †h‡Z eva¨ †nvbÕ
(eªvDbwgjvi 1986; g~LvR©x 2002; AvLZvi 2004)|
gyw³hy‡×i mgqKvi al©‡Yi welqwU AvaywbK hy‡×i BwZnv‡m ¯^Zš¿ bq| cÖ_g wek¦hy×Kv‡j Rvg©vb
ˆmwb‡Ki nv‡Z †ejwRqvg I d«v‡Ýর bvix al©‡Yi gvÎv wKsev wØZxq wek¦hy×Kv‡j †mvwf‡qZ ivwkqvi
MÖvgxY bvix‡`i al©‡Yi gvÎvi mv‡_ 71-Gi evOvwj bvixi al©‡Yi gvÎvMZ †Kv‡bv Awgj †bB| wgj
_vK‡jI Acivci †cÖwÿZ †_‡K, 1971-Gi gyw³hy× PjvKvjxb 2 jÿ bvixi al©‡Yi welqwU
AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©fv‡e ¯^Zš¿| KviY evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv AR©‡b gyw³hy×Kv‡j mk¯¿ cvK
nvbv`vievwnbxi wbi¯¿ bvixi Ici al©‡Yi welqwUB cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv AvšÍR©vwZK cwim‡i mgMÖ
wek¦Ry‡o GKwU ivR‰bwZK mwnsmZv wn‡m‡e wPwýZ nq| gyw³hy×Kv‡j 9 gvme¨vcx cvwK¯Ívwb
ˆmb¨evwnbx G †`kxq ivRvKvi †`vmi‡`i cÖZ¨ÿ mnvqZvq e„nËi cwim‡i G‡Kev‡i c×wZMZfv‡e
evOvwj bvix‡`i al©‡Yi wm×všÍ †bq| GB wm×v‡šÍi g~j jÿ¨ wQj evOvwj RvZxqZvev`‡K †f‡O
                                                       
2
Rober, Trumbull, Dacca Raising the Status of Women While Aiding Rape Victims, New York Times, May 12, 
1972. 
3
International aid from Planned Parenthood: Jill Tweedie, The rape of Bangladesh, The Guardian London, March 
6, 1972.
4
25,000 pregnencies: Killing of Babies Feared in Bengal (AP), New York Times, March 5, 1972. 
5
Khushwant, Singh, An Earning Woman−Bangladesh, after the first year: Will it ever be a workable country?,  
New York Times Magazine, January 21, 1973.

bvix I cÖMwZ  15

 
†`Iqv Ges cvwK¯Ívwb ˆmb¨evwnbxi al©‡Yi ga¨ w`‡q GKwU bZzb RvwZ-eY© ˆZwi Kiv| GB bZzb
RvwZ-eY© ˆZwii wm×všÍ cy‡iv`¯‘i ivR‰bwZK Ges ivR‰bwZK wm×v‡šÍB wbi¯¿ bvixi Ici mk¯¿
cyiæ‡li wbh©vZb Pig gvbevwaKvi j•Nb n‡q I‡V| Dciš‘, gyw³hy×Kv‡j evOvwj cyiæl‡`i nZ¨v
†hgb Kiv n‡qwQj, wbh©vZb K‡i A‡bK‡K †Zgb c½yI Kiv n‡qwQj| GgbwK, wbh©vZb †m‡j
evOvwj cyiæl‡`i mšÍvb Drcv`‡bi ÿgZv webó K‡i †`IqvI g~j jÿ¨ wQj|6 gyw³hy×Kvjxb
al©Y‡K ivR‰bwZK wbh©vZb wn‡m‡e †`Lv, gvbevwaKvi j•Nb wn‡m‡e †`Lvi mv‡_ mv‡_ 71-Gi 2
jÿ bvixi al©‡Yi ev¯ÍeZv‡ZB cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv Mf©cv‡Zi welqwU AbvKvw•ÿZ Mf©aviY †VKv‡Z
Kvh©Ki c×wZ wn‡m‡e ivóªxqfv‡e ¯^xK…wZ cvq|
1975 mv‡ji c‡i evsjv‡`‡ki ivóªxq K‡_vcK_b †_‡K exiv½bv cÖZ¨qwUB †bB n‡q hvq| Z‡e
90-Gi `kK ch©šÍ GB `xN© weiwZ‡ZI wewfbœ mvwnZ¨, Pjw”PÎ I bvU‡K exiv½bv‡`i K_v D‡V
Avm‡Z _v‡K| ¸iæZ¡c~Y© n‡jv, GB mg‡qi g‡a¨B evsjv‡`‡k ga¨ Avwki `kK †_‡K bvix
wbh©vZ‡bi Ici GK SuvK †jLv cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| MYgva¨‡g IB mgq wj½wfwËK mwnsmZvi Ici
AwaK nv‡i msev` cÖKv‡ki †cÖ¶vc‡U cieZ©x mg‡q bvix wbh©vZb‡K wN‡i bvix Av‡›`vjb Ges
ivR‰bwZK A½‡bi mvov Avm‡Z _v‡K| MYgva¨‡gi GB AvKw¯§K Drmv‡ni g~‡j wQj ZrKvjxb
ˆ¯^ikvmK †Rbv‡ij Gikv` KZ©„K cÖewZ©Z bxwZgvjv, †hwU ivR‰bwZK mgv‡jvPbv I wfbœgZ
cÖKvk‡K wbe„Ë Ki‡Z K‡Vvi †mÝiwkc Av‡ivc K‡i| Ô†LvjvLywjfv‡e ivR‰bwZK bv n‡q
miKvi‡K mgv‡jvPbvi GKwU c_ wn‡m‡e wj½wfwËK mwnsmZvi Av‡jvPbvq MYgva¨‡gi `„wó wbe×
nqÕ (¸nVvKziZv 1998)| cieZ©x `k‡K wbcxob m¤úwK©Z bvixev`x Av‡jvPbv cÖejfv‡e mvg‡b
Avm‡Z ïiæ K‡i| e„nËi GB bvix AwaKvi welqK GKwU AvcvZm‡PZb cwim‡i exiv½bv‡`i K_v
Avevi Rbcwim‡i Avm‡Z ïiæ K‡i| 1992 mv‡ji 26 gvP© MYAv`vjZ †m mgqKvi evsjv‡`‡ki
miKv‡i _vKv gyw³hy×we‡ivax ivRvKvi‡`i †bZv †Mvjvg AvR‡gi kvw¯Í `vwe K‡i Rvnvbviv Bgv‡gi
†bZ…‡Z¡ Av‡›`vjb Pvjvq (g~LvR©x 2002)| MYAv`vj‡Z mšÍvb Zvi wcZvi nZ¨v, m‡nv`i Zvi
m‡nv`i nZ¨v I wbh©vZ‡bi mvÿ¨ w`‡q‡Q| †m mgqB ivRvKvi †Mvjvg AvR‡gi kvw¯Íi `vwe‡Z
MwVZ MYAv`vj‡Z 3 Rb exiv½bv ivRvKvi Ges cvwK¯Ívwb ˆmb¨‡`i al©‡Yi wefxwlKvi mvÿ¨ cÖ`vb
K‡ib7| IB mg‡q exiv½bv Avevi cvewjK wWm‡Kv‡m©, mvaviY gvby‡li K‡_vcK_‡b wd‡i Av‡m|
3.
cvewjK ¯§„wZ‡Z wd‡i Avmv exiv½bv‡`i K_v ej‡Z wM‡q 1971-G wm‡j‡Ui gby b`xi Zx‡i 20
eQi eq‡mi ZiæYx bxwjgvi (QÙbvg) ¯§„wZK_v Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z PvBwQ| wn›`y eªvþY cwiev‡ii
GKgvÎ mšÍvb bxwjgvi evev-gv `yR‡bB †ckvq ¯‹yj wk¶K| hy‡×i ïiæ‡Z †g gv‡mi gvSvgvwS
                                                       
6
GKv‡WwgK M‡elYv Kv‡Ri Ask wn‡m‡e 10 Rb gyw³‡hv×vi hy×Kvjxb AwfÁZvi K_¨ BwZnvm msMÖn Kiv nq| GB
gyw³‡hv×v‡`i g‡a¨ 3 Rb cyiæl gyw³‡hv×v wQ‡jb, hviv A¨vwg© K¨v‡¤ú wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi nb Ges †eu‡P wd‡i Av‡mb| †eu‡P hvIqv 3
R‡bi g‡a¨ 2 R‡bi mviv Rxe‡bi Rb¨ mšÍvb Drcv`‡bi mÿgZv bó n‡q hvq Ges †hŠbv½m‡gZ kix‡ii bvRyK RvqMvq wewfbœ
ai‡bi Amy¯’Zvi m¤§yLxb nb| wbh©vZb †m‡j cyiæl gyw³‡hv×v‡`i cvq~c‡_ wm× I Mig wWg cÖ‡ek Kiv‡bv, AЇKv‡l Mig cvwb
Xvjv, †hŠbv‡½ cÖnvi, cv I wbZ¤^ †c‡i‡Ki Ici ivLv, BZ¨vw` wbh©vZ‡bi K_v K_¨ BwZnv‡m D‡V Av‡m| GKRb wbh©vwZZ †hv×v
wbh©vZ‡bi Kvi‡YB cieZ©x mg‡q RLg †_‡K cvq~c‡_i K¨vbmv‡i AvμvšÍ †nvb| gyw³hy‡×i mgq †Kej bvixi mv‡_ †hŠb mwnsmZv
N‡U‡Q Zv bq, cyiæl gyw³‡hv×vivI wewfbœ ai‡bi †hŠb wbcxo‡bi m¤§yLxb n‡q‡Qb| cÖm½wU GKwU c~Y©v½ M‡elYvi `vwe iv‡L|
7
Bhorer Kagoj 27/3/92; Doinik Jonokonth, 28/3/92 

bvix I cÖMwZ  16

 
mg‡q bxwjgvi evev-gv‡K cvwK¯Ívwb nvbv`vievwnbx mM…‡n b„ksmfv‡e nZ¨v K‡i| evev-gv‡qi jvk
c‡o _v‡K evwoi †fZ‡i, `vD`vD K‡i R¡j‡Z _vKv gby cv‡oi evwo †_‡K wm‡j‡Ui kvgmyb bMi
UP©vi K¨v‡¤ú weaŸ¯Í bxwjgvi RvqMv nq| †g †_‡K wW‡m¤^i⎯ GB mv‡o mvZ gvm K¨v‡¤úi
AgvbywlK †hŠb AZ¨vPvi †k‡l 7 gv‡mi Mf©eZx bxwjgv wW‡m¤^i gv‡m gyw³‡hv×v‡`i Avμg‡Y
Avwg© K¨v¤ú †_‡K gy³ n‡q gyw³‡hv×v‡`i mnvqZvqB eW©vi †cwi‡q KjKvZvq gvgvi evwo‡Z
AvkÖq †bb| weR‡qi Qq gvm ci 4 gv‡mi hy×wkïmn bxwjgv gvgvi msmvi †_‡K cybivq iv¯Ívq
bvg‡Z eva¨ †nvb| KL‡bv wf¶v K‡i, KL‡bv N‡ii KvR K‡i, GgbwK †ek¨ve…wË K‡i Rxeb
msMÖv‡g wU‡K _vKv bxwjgvi mv‡_ nVvrB KjKvZvi iv¯Ívq †`Lv n‡q hvq g„Z wcZvi c~e©Zb QvÎ
gyw³‡hv×v Rvjv‡ji (QÙbvg) mv‡_| KjKvZvq wb‡Ri wb‡LuvR cwievi‡K LyuR‡Z Avmv Rvjvj‡K
we‡q K‡i bxwjgv KjKvZv‡ZB _vK‡Z ïiæ K‡ib| we‡qi mvZ eQi ev‡` 80-i `k‡K bxwjgv-
Rvjvj `¤úwZ XvKvq Avevi bZzb K‡i bZzb cwiP‡q Rxeb ïiæ K‡ib| †Kej 72 †_‡K hy×wkïi
Rb¥ †m mgq 1975-GI †b‡g Av‡m| cwievi cwiRbnxb bxwjgv‡K GLb mevB gyw³‡hv×v Rvjvj
mv‡n‡ei ¯¿x wn‡m‡eB wP‡b _v‡Kb| Avi hy×wkï‡K †P‡bb gyw³‡hv×vi mšÍvb e‡j; exiv½bvi mšÍvb
bq, hy×wkï †Zv bqB| exiv½bv bxwjgv cÖwZw`b Zvi exiv½bv nevi BwZnvm fz‡j _vK‡Z Pvb, fy‡j
†h‡Z Pvb Zvi hy×wkïi K_v, fz‡j _vK‡Z Pvb Zvi mšÍv‡bi Rb¥ BwZnv‡mi K_v| mvÿvrKvi
MÖn‡Yi mgq wb¯Íä M‡elK Avwg NUbv †kvbvi AvKw¯§KZvq †Kej ej‡Z †c‡iwQjvg, ÔAvcwb
†Kb cÖKvk Ki‡Z Pvb bv? GLb mgq e`‡j‡Q g‡b nq bv Avcbvi?Õ bxwjgv e‡jwQ‡jb, ÔAvwg wK
gyw³‡hv×v bvwK †i gv!Õ (ïåv, 2012)|
bvixi cÖwZ hZ ai‡bi mwnsmZv †`Lv hvq, Zvi g‡a¨ al©YB n‡”Q mePvB‡Z cÖPwjZ I
mvgvwRKfv‡e AcgvbRbK| cÖ_vMZ gZv`‡k© g‡b Kiv nq, al©Y AvNvZ nv‡b Ôm¤§vbÕ ev
ÔB¾‡ZiÕ Ici| GB cyiælvwj gZv`‡k©B wKš‘ gyw³hy‡×i mgqKvi exiv½bv bvix‡`i K_v ej‡Z
wM‡q ejv nq, Ô2 jÿ gv †ev‡bi B¾Z niYÕ| GLb cÖkœ DV‡Z cv‡i GB B¾Z Kvi B¾Z?
¸iæZ¡c~Y© n‡jv, GB B¾Z ev m¤§vb bvixwUi cwievi I mgv‡Ri B¾Z, †h B¾‡Zi gvwjK
mgv‡Ri AwffveK, bvixi AwffveK| †mvRvK_vq, cyiælvwj fvebvi GB mgv‡R bvixi AwffveK
cyiæl| GB cyiæl n‡Z cv‡i bvixi wcZv, fvB, ¯^vgx wKsev cyÎmšÍvb, BZ¨vw` BZ¨vw`| Zvi gv‡b,
†Kv‡bv bvix‡K al©Y Kiv gv‡b Zvi mgv‡Ri mxgv‡K j•Nb Kiv, Zvi mvgvwRK cweÎZvq AvNvZ
nvbv| bvixi AwffveK, Zvi mgvR-AwffveK cyiæ‡li †cŠiæl‡K P¨v‡jÄ Kiv| GB ev¯ÍeZvq
bvixi cÖwZ mwnsmZv wKsev al©Y hZUv bv bvixi cÖwZ mwnsmZv, hZUv bv bvixi kix‡ii cÖwZ
mwnsmZv, Zvi PvB‡Z †ewk al©Y‡K ˆbwZKZv, cweÎZv, m¤§vb, m¤£g, mZx‡Z¡i AeKvVv‡gvi g‡a¨
†`Lv nq (ïåv 2013; 2015)|
al©‡Yi B¾Z ni‡Yi Ask n‡q IVvB †Lv` cyiælvwj gZv`‡k©i welq| Avi Zv‡ZB al©Y Acivci
wbh©vZb †_‡K wfbœfv‡e GKUv ci‡Zi ci ci‡Zi wbcxob ˆZwi Kievi gva¨g n‡q I‡V| GB
cÖwμqvq al©Y GKwU cyiælvwj ivRbxwZi welq n‡q I‡V| cyiælvwj ÿgZv m¤ú‡K©i welq wn‡m‡e
`uvwo‡q hvq, †h ÿgZvPP©vi †K›`ª n‡”Q bvixi kixi| Avgv‡`i evsjv‡`‡ki ev¯ÍeZvq †Kv‡bv
cyiæl‡K kv‡q¯Ív Ki‡Z †M‡j Zv‡K cÖnvi Kiv nq| Ab¨w`‡K, †Kv‡bv bvix‡K ev Zvi AwffveK
cyiæl‡K kv‡q¯Ív Ki‡Z n‡j †m bvixi Iobv a‡i Uvb w`‡jB P‡j, Zv‡K al©Y Ki‡jB P‡j| Avevi

bvix I cÖMwZ  17

 
Aciw`‡K, †Kv‡b cyiæ‡li AwffveKZ¡, Zvi †cŠiæ‡li Ôm¤§vbÕ Zvi mvgvwRKfv‡e Aaxb¯Í ÔbvixiÕ
kixix ïwPZv iÿvi g‡a¨ †cÖvw_Z _v‡K| wbcxo‡bi GKwU wj½xq aib we`¨gvb, †hLv‡b cyiælvwj
gZv`‡k©i †cŠiæl‡K ejer I mwμq ivLevi Ges cyiælvwj gZv`‡k©i cweÎZv iÿvi †K‡›`ª `uvwo‡q
_v‡K bvix, bvixi kixi| A_©vr, cvwK¯Ívwb cvK nvbv`vievwnbx †h ivR‰bwZK D‡Ï‡k¨ evOvwj
bvix‡K ÔexfrmZgÕ al©Y K‡i †M‡Q, Zvi wfwË ˆZwi wQj evOvwj cyiælZvwš¿K gZv`‡k©i wfZ‡iB;
†h gZv`k© exiv½bv bvix‡K hy‡×i mgqKvi al©‡Yi Kvi‡Y ÔAcweÎÕ wn‡m‡e wPwýZ K‡i †M‡Q, †h
gZv`k© μgvMZ mvgvwRK GB fvebv `vwLj K‡i †M‡Q †h hvi al©Y n‡q‡Q Zvi B¾Z †bB, m¤£g
†bB| B¾Z I m¤£g †bB †h bvixi Zvi AvZ¥nZ¨v KivB †kÖq, al©‡Yi wkKv‡ii AvZ¥nZ¨v KivUvB
†kÖq⎯ GB PP©v Avgiv hy×cieZ©x AvR‡Ki evsjv‡`‡kI AmsL¨ bvixi Rxe‡b †`L‡Z cvB|
al©‡Yi Kvi‡Y AvZ¥nZ¨vi cÖ_g D‡`¨vM Avgv‡`i gyw³hy‡×i mg‡qiB| al©‡Yi Uªgvi wfZ Avgiv
exiv½bv bvix‡`i mgvR †_‡K weZvwoZ Kievi g‡a¨ w`‡qB Avgv‡`i ms¯‹…wZ‡Z, mgv‡R †cÖvw_Z
K‡i w`‡qwQ|
4.
hy×vciv‡ai `wjjmg~‡n al©Y I wbh©vZb‡K c„_Kfv‡e †`Lv n‡q‡Q Ges cÖ_g w`KKvi `wjjmg~‡n
al©Y‡K wbh©vZ‡bi PvB‡Z ZzjbvgyjK Kg ¸iæZ¡ †`Iqv n‡q‡Q (¸nVvKziZv, 1997)| al©Y‡K
wbh©vZ‡bi GKwU dg© wn‡m‡e †`Lvi bvixev`x Av‡›`vjb I `vwei GKwU HwZnvwmK c_cwiμgv
i‡q‡Q| GB wel‡q Av‡jvPbv cÖvmw½K g‡b KiwQ|
cÖPwjZ gZvbyhvqx g‡b Kiv n‡Zv, hy‡×i mgq cÖwZc‡ÿi KvQ †_‡K Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ wbh©vZb
Kiv nq| AvaywbK we‡k¦i ˆ¯^iZvwš¿K miKv‡ii AwfÁZvq †`Lv †M‡Q, ew›`‡K ÿgZvPz¨Z Kiv Ges
mgv‡Ri †fZiKvi cÖwZ‡iva †f‡O †djevi Rb¨ wbh©vZb Kiv nq| bvixi KvQ †_‡K †Kej Z_¨
msMÖn bq eis mk¯¿ msMÖv‡g cyiæliv hLb mwμqfv‡e hy‡× Ask †bb, †m mgq bvix I wkï N‡i
_v‡K, msmv‡ii nvj a‡i iv‡L bvix, ˆ`bw›`b Kv‡R mwμq †_‡K mgvR‡K wUwK‡q iv‡L bvix| bvix
ZLb n‡q I‡V wmwfj mgv‡Ri KY©avi (eªvDbwgjvi 1986; ¸nVvKziZv 1997)| wmwfj mgv‡Ri
cÖwZwbwa n‡q IVv bvix‡`i ZLb al©Y I al©‡Yi fxwZcÖ`k©‡bi gva¨‡g M„nQvov n‡Z eva¨ Kiv nq|
bvixi M‡f© kÎæi mšÍvb cÖ`v‡bi ga¨ w`‡q, bvix‡K al©‡Yi gva¨‡g AcweÎ K‡i mgvRPz¨Z Kievi
ga¨ w`‡q nvbv`vievwnbx Av`‡Z mgvR KvVv‡gv †f‡O †djevi ivR‰bwZK j‡ÿ¨B cyiælvwj
al©YÿgZv e¨envi K‡i (ïåv 2008)| GB †cÖwÿ‡Z bvixev`xiv al©Y‡K wbh©vZ‡bi GKwU iƒc
wn‡m‡e wPwýZ K‡ib Ges Zuviv e‡jb, †Kej al©YB GKwU ¸iæZi gvbevwaKvi j•Nb I Aciva
wn‡m‡e wPwýZ nIqvi †hvM¨ (†ivÛv †Kvcjvb 1994)|
wKš‘ AwaKvsk hy×vciv‡ai AvB‡b †`Lv hvq †h, al©Y hLb MYnZ¨vi nvwZqvi e‡j wPwýZ nq
ZLbB Zv hy‡×i mgqKvi wbh©vZb wn‡m‡e ¸iæZ¡ cvq| G †ÿ‡Î †Kej al©YB ¸iæZ¡ cvq bv,
Av`vj‡Z wePvi PvB‡Z n‡j cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h GB al©‡Yi NUbvwU AviI e„nr AvKv‡ii
wbh©vZ‡bi m‡½ hy³, †h wbh©vZ‡bi wfwË n‡Z cv‡i RvZxqZv, ag©, eY©, †Mvôx wKsev †Kv‡bv we‡kl
ai‡bi ivRbxwZ| bvixev`xiv GB †ÿ‡Î cÖkœ †Zv‡jb †h, RvwZ, ag© I eY©wfwËK wbh©vZ‡bi ¯^xK…wZ

bvix I cÖMwZ  18

 
_vK‡j †Kb †RÛvi wKsev bvix‡Z¡i Rb¨ msNwUZ wbh©vZ‡bi aib‡K wbh©vZb wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ †`Iqv
hv‡e bv?
GB †cÖwÿ‡Z †Wvwiqvb gvM©v‡iUv †Kv‡qwb‡Mi †bZ…‡Z¡ AvšÍR©vwZK UªvBey¨bv‡ji iƒc‡iLv MV‡bi
D‡Ïk¨ wb‡q GKwU Uv¯‹‡dvm© MVb Kiv nq| †Kv‡qwb‡Mi g‡Z, al©Y‡K ÔgvbeZvi weiæ‡×
Aciv‡aiÕ wewa ev‡` Ab¨vb¨ wewa‡ZI Aciva wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv hvq| RvwZms‡Ni hy×vciv‡ai
mb‡` g~jZ Pvi ai‡bi hy×vciv‡ai K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| G¸‡jv n‡jv :
1. MYnZ¨v;
2. ¸iæZi mxgv j•Nb;
3. hy‡×i AvBb I ms¯‹v‡ii j•Nb;
4. gvbeZvi weiæ‡× Aciva|
MYnZ¨vi wewa‡Z ejv nq, B”QvK…Z nZ¨v, ˆ`wnK I gvbwmK ÿwZ mvab Kiv, cwiKwíZfv‡e
†Kv‡bv †Mvôx‡K m¤ú~Y© wKsev AvswkKfv‡e wbwðý Kievi Rb¨ kZ© Av‡ivc, †Mvôxi †fZ‡i
Rb¥wbqš¿‡Yi bxwZ Av‡ivc Kiv Ges GK †Mvôx †_‡K Ab¨ †Mvôx‡Z wkï cvPvi Kiv⎯ GB
cÖwμqvi wbh©vZb hw` †Kv‡bv RvZ, eY© ev ag©xq †Mvôxi Ici AvswkK wKsev m¤ú~Y©fv‡e N‡U,
Zvn‡j †mUv MYnZ¨v wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡e| †Kv‡qwb‡Mi g‡Z, MYnZ¨vi wewa‡Z al©‡Yi D‡jøL bv
_vK‡jI al©‡Yi gva¨‡g GiKg wbh©vZb N‡U _vK‡j Aek¨B al©Y MYnZ¨v Aciv‡ai AvIZvq
co‡e| B”QvK…Z nZ¨v, wbh©vZb, AgvbywlK AvPiY, B”QvK…Zfv‡e fqvbK cxov †`Iqv, ˆ`wnK ev
¯^v¯’¨MZfv‡e ¸iæZiiƒ‡c AvnZ Kiv, wKsev †Kv‡bv bvMwiK‡K †eAvBwbfv‡e AvUK Kiv⎯ GB
Aciva¸‡jv‡K ¸iæZi mxgv j•Nb wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Kiv nq| †R‡bfv Kb‡fbkb hy×Kv‡j wbi¯¿
bvix I wkï‡K wbivcËv `vb K‡i| bvMwiK‡`i Ici GKKfv‡e ¸iæZi mxgv j•N‡bi Aciva
msNwUZ n‡jI †mwU hy×vciva wn‡m‡e M„nxZ n‡e| GB wewa‡Z Pig AvKvi aviYKvix al©Y
kvw¯Í‡hvM¨ Aciva| hy‡×i AvBb I ms¯‹v‡ii j•N‡b al©Y AgvbywlK, ee©i I wns¯ª AvKvi aviY
Ki‡j †mwU kvw¯Í‡hvM¨ welq| RvZxqZv, ivRbxwZ, ag© wKsev e‡Y©i wfwˇZ nvgjv Kievi GKwU
gva¨g wn‡m‡e al©Y‡K e¨envi Kiv nq Ges GB Aciva Af¨šÍixY hy×ve¯’v‡ZI cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡Z cv‡i
Ges †h †Kv‡bv †`‡k Gi wePvi n‡Z cv‡i (†Kv‡qwbM, 1994)|
GB avivevwnKZvq wØZxq wek¦hy×Kvjxb †Kvwiqvb I wdwjwc‡bv ÔKg‡dvU© bvix‡`iÕ Rvcv‡bi KvQ
†_‡K ÿwZc~iY I ÿgv cÖ`k©‡bi `vwe Ges emwbqv I †ivqvÛvi hyׇÿ‡Î bvix‡`i Ici AgvbywlK
wbh©vZ‡bi †cÖwÿ‡Z bvix Av‡›`vjb I gvbevwaKvi Kg©xiv al©Y‡K c„_Kfv‡e GKwU hy×vciva
wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kievi †Rvi `vwe †Zv‡jb (¸nVvKziZv 1997)| 1995 mv‡ji †eBwRs †NvlYvq
al©Y‡K hy×vciva wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ †`Iqv nq| Z‡e GB AvB‡bi AvIZvq c~‡e©i †Kej gvbeZvi
weiæ‡× Aciva wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Kiv Qvov al©Y ZLbB hy×vciva wn‡m‡e we‡eP¨ n‡e, hLb al©Y
GKwU Rb‡Mvôxi Ici we¯Í…Z e‡j cÖgvwYZ Ges †h al©Y †Kv‡bv ag©xq, RvwZMZ wKsev ivR‰bwZK
Kvi‡Y msNwUZ n‡q‡Q|

bvix I cÖMwZ  19

 
5.
bvix Rxe‡b al©‡Yi AwfÁZv †Kv‡bv we‡kl mgq ev we‡kl NUbvi K_v e‡j bv| Lyb, AcniY,
wQbZvB, ¸g wKsev †dŠR`vwi Aciv‡ai Acivci †h †Kv‡bv aib †_‡K al©Y wfbœ n‡q I‡V Zvi
mvgvwRK A‡_©i Rb¨| mvgvwRK A‡_© al©Y NUv gv‡b bvixi Rxe‡bi Ôme©bvkÕ N‡U hvIqv, Zvi
Ôm¤£gÕ P‡j hvIqv| bvixi Aw¯ÍZ¡ †Kej GKwU al©‡Yi ev¯ÍeZvi g‡a¨ msKxY© n‡q hvIqv, Zvi
kixix ïwPZv I cweÎZvi aviYv †f‡O hvIqv| GKwU mgvR-AbvKvw•ÿZ e¨eüZ Ôbvix kixiÓ
gv‡bB al©Y| Avi cwievi †_‡K ïiæ K‡i mvgvwRK cÖwZôvbvw`, AvBb, mgvR, gZv`k©, bvbvwea
m¤úK©, GgbwK ivóª al©‡Yi c‡i awl©Z bvixwUi cÖwZ †bwZevPK cÖwZwμqv Rvbvq| al©Y ej‡Z
Avgiv hZUv A¯^v”Q›`¨ †eva Kwi, Ôm¤£gnvwbÕ, ÔB¾ZnvwbÕ, †hŠb nqivwbÕ, ÔBf wUwRsÕ⎯ GiKg
k㸇jv Avgiv Avgv‡`i cÖwZw`bKvi Rxebhvc‡b e‡j †h‡Z Zvi PvB‡Z AwaK Avivg †eva Kwi|
Avm‡j Avgv‡`i ejevi g‡a¨B †cÖvw_Z Av‡Q †m mKj mvgvwRK ÔcyiælvwjÕ fvebv †h, †Kb Avgiv
al©‡Yi c‡iI awl©Zv n‡Z PvB bv? †Kb Avgiv †h †Kv‡bv we‡Ëi bvix wn‡m‡e †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bvfv‡e
Avgv‡`i al©‡Yi AwfÁZv `gb K‡i wbðzc n‡Z _vwK? †KbB-ev GKRb exiv½bv bvix‡K, Zvi
exiZ¡‡K ÔexiZ¡Õ K‡i Zzjevi Rb¨, exiv½bvi m¤§vb AR©‡bi Rb¨ gyw³‡hv×vi bvg aviY Kievi
B”Qv †cvlY Ki‡Z nq? †Kb exiv½bv wb‡R exiZ¡-m¤§v‡bi wbR¯^ GKwU aib ˆZwi Ki‡Z cv‡ib
bv? †Kb wek¦we`¨vjqmn ivóªxq bvbvwea my‡hvM AR©‡b exiv½bv †KvUv _v‡K bv? exiv½bv gv‡qi
†KvUv †Kb m¤§vwbZ †KvUv nq bv?
al©‡Yi mvgvwRK A_© Avgv‡`i mgv‡Ri †`nMZ cweÎZvi aviYvi mv‡_ RwoZ| Avgv‡`i mgv‡R
GKRb bvixi B¾Z ÔKPzcvZvq ivLv GK †duvUv R‡ji g‡ZvÕ UjUjvqgvb _v‡K| KLb Kx‡m
Kxfv‡e †mUv AwZ `ªæZ Qj‡K co‡e Zvi †Kv‡bv wbðqZv Avgv‡`i ev¯ÍeZv bvix wn‡m‡e Avgv‡`i
†`q bv| Avgiv bvixiv wkm †L‡Z †L‡Z bvix n‡q DwV| Pj‡Z wdi‡Z Avgv‡`i bvbvwea kixix
g~j¨vq‡bi gšÍe¨ ï‡b †h‡Z nq| al©‡Yi m¤¢vebv Avgiv Kg©‡ÿ‡Î, cwiev‡i, iv¯ÍvNv‡U, hy‡×,
kvwšÍ‡Z bvbv RvqMvq bvbvfv‡e Avcb I ci m¤ú‡K© aviY K‡i Pwj| mgv‡Ri †Pv‡L GB mKj
N‡U hvIqv wbcxo‡bi `vqfvi Avevi bvix‡`i IciB eZ©vq| Avgiv bvixiv †Kej Ô†fv‡Mi e¯‘Õ
e‡j wb‡R‡`i †h †Kv‡bv AvPiY I e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g, wb‡R‡`i Aw¯Í‡Z¡i †h †Kv‡bv web¨v‡m, †h
†Kv‡bv mgq †h †Kv‡bv cwim‡i, †h †Kv‡bv Ôcyiælvwj G‡R›U‡KÕ †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bvfv‡e cÖjyä
Kievi mvgvwRK `vqfvi wb‡q Rxebhvcb K‡i Pwj| 2000 mv‡ji wUGmwmi wg‡jwbqvg euvab
wKsev 2012 mv‡ji wW‡m¤^‡i bvix wPwKrm‡Ki al©‡Yi Kvi‡Y g„Zz¨ †Kv‡bvUvB GB cyiælvwj
kixime©¯^ bvix‡Z¡i fvebvi evB‡ii bq|
eZ©gvb ch©šÍ we¯Í…Z GB gZv`wk©K †kKo Avgv‡`i gyw³hy‡×i BwZnv‡mI mgvb we`¨gvb| Ô2 j¶
bvixi m¤£gnvwbi wewbg‡q GB ¯^vaxbZvÕ⎯ GB fxlY RvZxqZvev`x ÔcyiælvwjÕ evK¨ bvixi
wbcxob‡K hZUv bv cÖKvk K‡i, Zvi PvB‡Z bvix‡K m¤£gnxbB K‡i †Zv‡j †ewk| Ggb †Kv‡bv
my‡hvM GB gnveqvb ˆZwi K‡i bv †h, exiZ¡ †Kej hy‡×i gq`v‡b A¯¿ nv‡Z `uvov‡bv bq, al©‡Yi
mv‡_ hy× K‡i wU‡K _vKvi g‡a¨I bvix mgvb `yR©q exiZ¡ †`Lv‡Z cv‡i⎯ GB aviYv KL‡bvB
hy‡×i cÖ_vMZ fvebv ˆZwi K‡i bv| ÔBwZnvmRy‡o, mviv c„w_ex‡Z, Avgv‡`i mvgwóK †PZbvq

bvix I cÖMwZ  20

 
†hv×vi f~wgKv cyiæ‡li Rb¨B Zz‡j ivLv| hy× I mwnsmZvi †cÖÿvc‡U bvix‡K †bZv wKsev wm×všÍ
MÖnYKvixi f~wgKvq †`Lvi †iIqvR †bBÕ (Mv‡qb, 2013)| Ô`vg w`‡q †Kbv evsjvÕ, ÔAvovB jÿ
gv-†ev‡bi B¾‡Zi wewbg‡q †Kbv ev AR©b Kiv ¯^vaxbZv, Ôm¤£g w`‡qÕ cvIqv RvwZ Ges †`k⎯
GB fvlv-AjsKvi¸‡jv †Lv` gnvb msMÖv‡gi wj½ ˆelg¨g~jK msMV‡bi AvK…wZ‡Z c~e©wba©vwiZ n‡q
Av‡Q (LvZzb, 2015)| †h Kvi‡Y wbh©vZ‡bi c‡iI Avgiv Ôal©‡Yi wfKwUg bvixiÕ cwiPq aviY
Ki‡Z ivwR _vwK bv, †h Kvi‡Y wfwKi wk¶v_©x bvixwU al©‡Yi AwfÁZv cÖKv‡ki ci mvgvwRK
AwbðqZvi g‡a¨ emevm K‡i| wVK GKB cÖwμqvi Ask wn‡m‡e Ôexiv½bv‡`iÕ m¤§vb A¶zYœ ivL‡Z
mgvR Avgv‡`i †Kej Zv‡`i mv‡_ Ô†ev‡biÕ m¤úK© cvZv‡bvi wk¶v †`q| Avgv‡`i mgv‡R kixix
cweÎZvi ga¨ w`‡q bvixi Rb¨ we‡qi †h mvgvwRK Ô¯^vfvweK‡Z¡iÕ Qwe ˆZwi nq, †mB Qwe al©Y‡K
MÖnY K‡i bv| Kvw•ÿZ Ô¯¿xÕ, Kvw•ÿZ Av`k© ÔgvÕ, GgbwK Kvw•ÿZ Kb¨v, Kvw•ÿZ †evb mvgvwRK
kixix cweÎZvi g‡a¨ w`‡q ˆZwi nIqv m¤úK© Avi Zv‡Z awl©Zvi †Kv‡bv ¯’vb †bB| d‡j AwZ
mn‡RB †hLv‡b cyiælvwj fvebvq Avcwb al©‡Yi ci al©K‡K cÖjyä Kievi mvgvwRK †`vlv‡iv‡c
(†hgb, †cÖ‡gi m¤úK© wQj, cwiwPZ wQj, GKjv wQj, kix‡i Iobv wVK wQj bv, †cvkvK wVK wQj
bv, iv¯Ívq iv‡Z †ei n‡q‡Q, BZ¨vw` BZ¨vw`) bvbvb mvgvwRK fvebvi nvZ a‡i †h †Kv‡bv
cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Ô†ek¨vÕ n‡q DV‡Z cv‡ib; †mLv‡b bvix wn‡m‡e Avcbv‡K m¤§vb K‡i Ô†evbÕ WvKvUvi
g‡a¨B mgvR ev¯ÍeZv hy‡×i exiv½bv‡`i m‡e©v”P kª×vi gixwPKv †`Lv‡Z cv‡i| exiv½bv bvixi
cÖwZ GB kª×v †`Lv‡bvi g‡a¨ Avwg †Kv‡bv mgm¨v †`wL bv| mgm¨v GB cš’vUv‡K GKgvÎ fveevi
g‡a¨ weivR K‡i| KviY GB m¤§vb cÖ`v‡bi m¤§vb, AR©‡bi bq| AR©b bq e‡jB †mwU
exiv½bv‡`i m¤§vb cÖ`k©‡bi GKgvÎ cš’v n‡q I‡V, Avi Zvi ga¨ w`‡q exiv½bv bvix wn‡m‡e
bvixi cwiwPwZ I mwμqZvi eûwea w`K μgvMZ A¯^xK…Z n‡Z _v‡K| mgvR ZvB Avgv‡`i mvg‡b
GKUv gixwPKvB AvR Aewa `uvo Kwi‡q †i‡L‡Q| nq Avcwb al©‡Yi, wbcxo‡bi AwfÁZv bvix
wn‡m‡e †Kv_vI bv e‡j gyL eÜ K‡i ivL‡eb, wbðzc _vK‡eb, wbðzc †_‡K ¯^vfvweK mgvR Rxeb
hvcb Ki‡eb; bv nq Avcbvi Ôal©‡YiÕ ¯§„wZ GgbwK cwiPq‡K A¯^xKvi, cÖZ¨vL¨vb Ki‡eb| Zv bv
n‡j Avcwb n‡q DV‡Z cv‡ib †Kej Ô†ek¨vÕ| AvB‡bi Kv‡Q mgv‡Ri Kv‡Q wePvi PvB‡j Avcbv‡K
†KejB Ôawl©ZviÕ cwiwPwZm‡gZ Avkªq‡K‡›`ªi mgqnxb Rxe‡b wb‡R‡K Ave× K‡i †dj‡Z n‡e
wKsev Avcwb n‡eb mgvRPz¨Z| †m Ave× Rxeb‡KI mgvR A‡bK mgq ÔLvivc bvixiÕ †Pv‡LB
†`Levi wk¶v w`‡q hvq|
bvix mvgvwRKfv‡e gnvb Zvi gvZ…‡Z¡| gvZ…‡Z¡i cweÎZvI Avgv‡`i GB cyiælvwj mgv‡R Zvi
†g‡q‡`i al©‡Yi Kvi‡Y mvgvwRKfv‡e ÔAcweÎÕ n‡q hvIqv‡K ¯^xKvi K‡i bv| ¯^xK…wZ †`q bv
hy‡×vËi mgvR, †`k Ges ev¯ÍeZv| †Kbbv cyiælZ‡š¿i wbwg©Z gv‡qi Aeqe hZUv cweÎ, awl©Z
bvix‡`n ZZLvwbB AcweÎ| GB m~‡Î 1975-Gi g‡a¨B cÖgvY n‡q wM‡qwQj, bq gv‡mi hy‡× al©Y,
AcniY, †Rvic~e©K K¨v‡¤ú †i‡L †ek¨ve„wË Kiv‡bv BZ¨vw` hv wKQz hy×vciv‡ai AšÍfy³
© , †mme
evOvwj bvixi (Avw`evmx I wenvix bvix‡`i Rb¨I) jvÃbv I Acgv‡bi cÖ_g ivDÛ gvÎ
(eªvDbwgjvi; LvZzb, 2015)| †hŠb mwnsmZvi wkKvi bvixiv wb‡Ri cwiev‡i-mgv‡R PμKv‡i
†cŠbtcywbK ˆ`wnK-gvbwmK-†hŠb mwnsm AvPi‡Yi wkKvi n‡Z _v‡K| BwZnv‡m, gyw³hy‡×i weRq
ZvB GKvšÍB gv‡qi Rb¨ †Q‡ji wQwb‡q Avbv weRq| cyiæl n‡jb exi Avi bvix n‡jb hy‡×i

bvix I cÖMwZ  21

 
ÿqÿwZ| Zvi exiv½bv Dcvwa †Kv‡bvw`bB ÔÿwZMÖ¯ÍÕ, Ô†bwZevPKÕ, ÔAcweÎZvÕi aviYvi evB‡i
†h‡Z cv‡i bv| weRqx †m ÔAcweÎÕ bvix †Kv‡bvw`bB n‡Z cv‡ib bv| gyw³hy‡×i exiv½bviv ZvB
g‡i wM‡q, gvbwmK I kvixwiK Uªgvq †_‡K, mgvRwePz¨Z n‡q, wb‡R‡`i cwiPq †Mvcb K‡i A`„k¨
n‡q hvb| hy×vciv‡ai aviYv I AvBwb we‡ePbv w`‡q mvgvwRK gZv`k©MZ GB `y‡f©vM‡K †evSv
`y®‹i| ¯^qs gyw³evwnbx msL¨vq Kg n‡jI †Kb evOvwj bvix‡K al©Y K‡iwQj, Zvi mvgvwRK e¨vL¨v
al©‡Yi †hŠb ms¯‹…wZi †evSvcovi gva¨‡gB †Kej Av›`vR Kiv m¤¢e (LvZzb, 2015)|
mgv‡Ri cÖfvekvjx GB al©Y‡Kw›`ªK we¯§„wZi Amg fvebvi wfZ wn‡m‡e we`¨gvb al©‡Yi mv‡_
weivRgvb j¾v-Acgvb-fxwZ-†n‡i hvIqv-m¤£gnxbZv-wg_¨vevw`Zvi gyL| †h al©‡Yi wkKvi
n‡q‡Q, †m e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q, †m wkKvi n‡q‡Q| hy×vciv‡ai †ÿ‡ÎI Zvi DciKvi Acivci
wbcxo‡bi PvB‡ZI al©‡Yi Mí¸‡jv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© n‡q I‡V ÔmvgvwRK Uªgv †kvÕ cwiZ…ß Kievi ZvwM`
†_‡K| gyw³hy‡×i mgqKvi bvix wbcxo‡bi AwfÁZvi Ônvi-†÷vwii nvIqv n‡q hvIqv, bvix
A¨v±‡ii cZb Avi wfw±g `kvq we¯§i‡Y P‡j hvIqv‡ZBÕ (LvZzb, 2015)| Ôexiv½bvÕ †KvUvq
†Kv‡bv bvMwiK myweav AwR©Z nq bv⎯ GB mvgwMÖK HwZnvwmK al©Y ev¯ÍeZvi weiæ‡× `uvov‡Z
n‡j al©Y‡K n‡Z n‡e cÖ‡Z¨K awl©Zvi ¯§„wZi mevK eZ©gvb| KviY mgv‡R bvixivB n‡”Q †mB
mvgvwRK Aw¯ÍZ¡, hv‡`i wbh©vZb, wbh©vZ‡bi ¯^xKv‡ivw³, wbh©vZ‡bi AwfÁZv ¯^qs Ab¨v‡qi weiæ‡×
GKwU `ye©vi cÖwZev`| Avkv ivwL, GB cÖwμqv‡ZB bvixwe‡Ølx BwZnv‡mi wecix‡Z exiv½bvi ¯§„wZ
n‡q DV‡e gyw³hy‡×i D¾¡jZi mevK BwZnvm|
exiv½bv iwÄZv gÐj‡K w`‡qB AvR‡Ki †jLvUv †kl Ki‡Z PvBwQ| Avwg Avi ewe hLb Uvbv
wKQzw`b iwÄZv gvwmi evwo‡Z wm‡bgvi Kv‡R hvIqv-Avmv KiwQ, Ôexiv½bv wn‡m‡e iwÄZvi †Luv‡R
†KD XvKv †_‡K G‡m‡Q| Zuvi †e`Lj n‡q hvIqv Rwg iwÄZv wd‡i †c‡Z cv‡ibÕ⎯ G Lei wVKB
71-Gi †mB ivRvKvi‡`i evwo ch©šÍ †cuŠ‡Q hvq| MÖv‡gi g‡a¨ GK ai‡bi AwbivcËvi †eva ˆZwi
nw”Qj wKsev A¯^w¯Í| Avwg iwÄZv gЇji Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z PvBwQjvg, Avcbvi fq K‡i bv, GB †h
cÖwZw`b bvbvfv‡e ûgwK †`q! Avgvi GB cÖ‡kœ Dbvi ¯^vgx Zv‡ni mv‡ne (gviv †M‡Qb) Avi ¯^qs
gvwm †nv †nv K‡i †n‡m D‡VwQ‡jb| Avgvi w`‡K ZvwK‡q ejwQ‡jb, Ô†bsUvi bvB evUcv‡ii fq!Õ
Zv‡ni mv‡ne hy³ K‡ib, ÔDbvi †Kv‡bv fqWi bvB Avcv !Õ
Kv‡Ri †kl w`‡b ivRvKvi‡`i MÖv‡gi `yBRb e¨w³ iƒcmvi Nv‡U wdiwZ c‡_ mvB‡Kj K‡i
Avgv‡`i AbymiY Ki‡Z ïiæ K‡i| cwiPvjK ewe Avgv‡`i `yR‡bi wbivcËv PvB‡Z aviYK…Z
wfwWI wK¬c wb‡q wPwšÍZ n‡q c‡ob| Avgiv `yB bvix‡K iƒcmvi NvU ch©šÍ GwM‡q †`Iqvi Rb¨
iwÄZv gwjøK Avgv‡`i mv‡_ f¨v‡b P‡o e‡mb| nv‡Z GKUv `v| Avgvi w`‡K ZvwK‡q gvwm Zuvi
cvb LvIqv jvj UzKUz‡K †Vuv‡U †Rv‡i nvm‡Z nvm‡Z ejwQ‡jb, ÔAvgv‡i Wivq, Avwg exiv½bv bv!
†niv Avgvi mvg‡b `uvovB‡Z cv‡i bv...Õ|
mgv‡Ri al©Y ms¯‹…wZi weiæ‡×, al©‡Yi †evSvcovi weiæ‡× cÖ‡Z¨K bvixi jovB‡q mgy‡`ªi MR©b
n‡q DVzK wfKwUg/mvf©vBfvi bvixi AwfÁZv I Zv‡`i mgy`q mvÿ¨| bvix exiv½bvB n‡q DVzK,
†m fve‡Z wkLyK Av`‡ZB Ô†bsUvi evUcv‡ii fq _v‡K bv!Õ
dv‡Zgv myjZvbv ïåv mnKvix Aa¨vcK, b„weÁvb wefvM, RMbœv_ wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv| fatama.suvra@gmail.com

bvix I cÖMwZ  22

 
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¸nVvKziZv, †gNbv, 1995, bvixev`x `„wó‡Z al©Y I AvšÍR©vwZK gvbevwaKvi AvBb, mgvR wbix¶Y, msL¨v 58, XvKv,
mwb‡K cÖKvkbv|
ïåv, dv‡Zgv myjZvbv, 2008, AwfÁZvq al©Y : eûgvwÎK mwnsmZv I bvix Rxe‡bi cybM©Vb, (AcÖKvwkZ) mœvZK
ch©v‡qi GKv‡WwgK M‡elYv w_wmm|
¸nVvKziZv, †gNbv, 1998, mwnsmZv Ges wbcxob : bvix Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖwμqv, mgvR wbix¶Y, msL¨v 66, XvKv,
mwb‡K cÖKvkbv|
PμeZ©x, fvby, 2004, c‡_ wec‡_ : †g‡q‡`i wbivcËv, KjKvZv: cwðge½ gwnjv Kwgkb Ges Avjvc|
ïåv, dv‡Zgv myjZvbv, 2009, Avwg Kx bvixev`x? bvixi cÖwZ mwnsmZv M‡elYvi AwfÁZv, bvix I cÖMwZ, msL¨v 8,
el© 4, RyjvB-wW‡m¤^i 2008, evsjv‡`k bvix cÖMwZ msN (cybivq cÖKvwkZ †RÛvi I †hvMv‡hvM, cÖeÜ msKjb MÖš’,
Ryb 2010, evOjvqb cÖKvkbx)|
ïåv, dv‡Zgv myjZvbv, 2010, fxlY †Pbv : mwnsmZvwe× bvix M‡el‡Ki bvixi cÖwZ mwnsmZv M‡elYv AwfÁZv,
mgvR wbix¶Y, msL¨v 110, †m‡Þ¤^i 2009, mwb‡K cÖKvkbv|
ïåv, dv‡Zgv myjZvbv, 2016, ÒÔmZxiBÕ †Kej al©Y nqÓ : mvÿ¨ AvB‡bi 155(4) avivi mvgvwRK ev¯ÍeZv, eøv÷
cÖKvkbx, XvKv|
myjZvbv, wgR©v Zvmwjgv, Ges Bmjvg, mv`vd b~i-G, 2011, bvixi weiæ‡× mwnsmZv : bvixev`x `k©‡bi mv¤cÖwZK
msKU I DËiY fvebv, Avn‡g`, †inbygv, m¤úvw`Z, cvewjK b„weÁvb : cÖej I cÖvwšÍK 1, `„K eyKm, XvKv|
LvZzb, mv‡qgv, 2011, gyw³hy× : B¾Z I j¾v, Avn‡g`, †inbygv, m¤úvw`Z, cvewjK b„weÁvb : cÖej I cÖvwšÍK 2,
mwÜ cÖKvkbx, XvKv|

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