Book Bangabandhur Protibimbo

e½eÜyi cÖwZwe¤^
wek¦-BwZnv‡m wPi-A¤øvb
e½eÜzi Abb¨ K‡qKwU fvl‡Yi beZi e¨vL¨v
iPbv I m¤úv`bvq:
†gvt Rvnv½xi Avjg
1
Avgvi 7wU †gŠwjK cÖe‡Üi mv‡_ hv‡ì Ag~j¨ cÖeÜ msKjb Kiv n‡q‡Q :
Wt Abycg †mb
Wt AvwZDi ingvb
2
DrmM©:
evievi f¯§xf~Z f¯§ †_‡K, b~Zb iƒ‡c m„wó nIqv
wdwb· cvwLi g‡Zv Rb‡bÎx †kL nvwmbv ‡K, whwb
evsjv‡`k‡K wbišÍi iƒcvšÍi K‡i hv‡”Qb|
3
4
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1971 mv‡ji 7B gvP© ZrKvjxb †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb †h HwZnvwmK fvlYwU
w`‡qwQ‡jb Zv mKj A‡_©B Abb¨| Zuvi GB †kÖô fvlY GLb we‡k¦i HwZwn¨K m¤ú`| ivRbxwZi Agi
KweZv L¨vZ GB fvlYwU †hb GK †kÖô †QvUMíI e‡U| mewKQz e‡jI wZwb †hb A‡bK wKQzB e‡jb wb
GB fvl‡Y| Avi GLv‡bB †g‡j Zvi mvwnwZ¨K g~j¨| GB fvl‡Yi cÖwZwU jvBb wb‡q G‡KKwU cÖeÜ
†jLvi my‡hvM i‡q‡Q| K‡Zv †jLv G fvlY wb‡q GiB g‡a¨ †jLv n‡q‡Q Zvi BqËv †bB| Kx wQj H
fvl‡Y hv wb‡q AvRI M‡elYv n‡”Q? Ab¨vb¨ ivóªbvq‡Ki †kÖô fvlY¸‡jv †_‡K GwU K‡ZvUv wfbœ? wK ev
Gi we‡kl ¸iæZ¡?
Gme cÖ‡kœi DËi †LuvRvi †Póv K‡i‡Qb ZiæY †jLK †gv: Rvnv½xi Avjg Zuvi Ôe½eÜzi cÖwZwe¤^Õ
eBwU‡Z| cy‡iv fvlYwU w`‡qB eBwUi ïiæ| Gi c‡ii cÖeÜwU Aa¨vcK Abycg †m‡bi| cÖL¨vZ mgvR
weÁvbx cÖ‡dmi Abycg †mb g‡b K‡ib GwUB wek¦-BwZnv‡m ¯^vaxbZvi †kÖô fvlY| gnvKvj Qvwc‡q
gnvKvwe¨K GB fvlY wPiw`b A¤øvb _vK‡e e‡j wZwb g‡b K‡ib| AvwgI Zuvi GB `vwei mv‡_ GKgZ|
Avi †m Kvi‡YB m¤¢eZ Avgvi †jLvwU Zuvi cÖe‡Üi ciciB m¤úv`K hy³ K‡i‡Qb| Avwg wj‡LwQ GB
fvlYwUi Av_©-mvgvwRK w`K wb‡q| `yB A_©bxwZi †cÖÿvc‡U evOvwji eÂbv, †ÿvf, †eKviZ¡, Afve,
AbUb Ges †`ªv‡ni GK Awe¯§iYxq ÔA‡K©÷ªvÕ †mw`b †e‡R D‡VwQj e½eÜzi eRªKÉ †_‡K| cy‡iv
fvlYwU ï‡b g‡b n‡qwQj †h wZwb AvRxeb mvabv K‡i‡Qb GB Agi KweZvwU ejevi R‡b¨| mg¯Í
ai‡bi AvMÖvmb †_‡K gy³ GKwU AvaywbK ivóª MV‡bi my¯úó AwfcÖvq wZwb †mw`b cÖKvk Ki‡Z
†c‡iwQ‡jb e‡j Avwg Avgvi †jLvi Dcmsnv‡i wj‡LwQjvg|
Gici †gv: Rvnv½xi Avjg Zvi g‡Zv K‡i GB fvl‡Yi beZi e¨vL¨v ùvo Kiv‡bvi †Póv K‡i‡Qb|
GQvovI wZwb Av‡iv K‡qKwU we‡kølYg~jK †jLv wj‡L‡Qb eBwU‡Z| Av‡iv hy³ K‡i‡Qb e½eÜzi ¯^‡`k
cÖZ¨veZ©b wè‡m †`qv HwZnvwmK fvlYwU, cÖ_g ivóªxq md‡i fvi‡Z †`qv Zuvi Av‡iKwU fvlY,
evsjv‡`k MYcwil‡` ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYv welqK cÖ¯Ív‡ei Ici Zuvi fvlY, RvwZms‡N †`qv Zuvi KvjRqx
fvlY, mvsevw`K †WwfW d«‡÷i mv‡_ Zuvi mvÿvrKvi, Zuvi Rxeb cwiPq Ges Aa¨vcK Abycg †m‡bi
Av‡iv `y‡Uv we‡kølYag©x †jLv|
me wg‡j Ôe½eÜzi cÖwZwe¤^Õ GKwU Av‡eM-Nb PgrKvi msKjb| ZiæY cÖR‡b¥i Kv‡Q GKRb ZiæY
†jL‡Ki cÿ †_‡K e½eÜzi 7B gv‡P©i HwZnvwmK fvlY‡K bvbv gvwÎK we‡køl‡Yi GB cÖ‡Póv‡K Avwg
AšÍi †_‡KB mvayev` RvbvB| ZiæYivB AvMvgxi evsjv‡`k| Avi evsjv‡`k gv‡bB e½eÜz| ZvB
†jL‡Ki GB AvšÍwiK D‡`¨v‡Mi cÖksmv Ki‡ZB nq| Avkv Kwi fwel¨‡ZI wZwb e½eÜz‡K wb‡q Zvi
M‡elYv Kg© Pvwj‡q hv‡eb| eBwUi m‡Ÿ©v”P cvVKwcÖqZv Kvgbv KiwQ|
Wt AvwZDi ingvb
wewkó A_©bxwZwe` I mv‡eK Mfb©i, evsjv‡`k e¨vsK|
E-mail: dratiur@gmail.com
9 GwcÖj, 2019
5
‡jL‡Ki K_v
eBwU †jLv ïiæ Ki‡ZB A‡b‡K e‡j‡Qb, Ôe½eÜz‡K wb‡q A‡bK weL¨vZ e¨w³ A‡bK †jLv
wj‡L‡Qb| ZvB Avgvi g‡Zv AfvR‡bi Avi †jLvi ìKvi Kx? cvkvcvwk mgvRweÁvbx Wt
Abycg †mb m¨vi e‡j‡Qb, ÔGwU GKwU gnr D‡`¨vM| †jLv my›ì n‡”Q| †kl Ki|Õ
me‡k‡l Wt AvwZDi ingvb m¨vi g~jëvb ms‡kvabx w`‡q Ges f~wgKv wj‡L Avgvi
AvZ¥wek¦vm A‡bK¸Y e„w× K‡i‡Qb| †mRb¨ Avwg Wt Abycg †mb m¨vi I Wt AvwZDi
ingvb m¨v‡ii wbKU Pig K…ZÁ|
†`k wb‡q A‡bK Kwe A‡bK KweZv wj‡L‡Qb e‡j Avwg Avi bZzb †Kvb KweZv wjL‡Z
cviebv, Ggb †Zv †Kvb K_v n‡Z cv‡i bv| cÖ‡Z¨K Kwei cÖ‡Z¨K KweZvB ¯^Zš¿
êwkó¨gwÛZ| e½eÜz‡K wb‡q Avgvi Av‡M 100 Rb wj‡L‡Qb e‡j Avwg Avi wjL‡Z cvie
bv, GwU wK †Kvb †hŠw³K K_v n‡Z cv‡i? c~‡e©i 100 Rb A‡cÿv wfbœZi wKQz †Zv Avgvi
†jLvq _vK‡ZI cv‡i| e½eÜzi e³‡eï cÖwZwU jvBb wb‡q G‡KKwU eB n‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘
†mwU Ki‡j †h gnvKve¨ iwPZ n‡e, Zv covi âh©¨ ZiæY cvVK‡ì bvI _vK‡Z cv‡i| ZvB
g~j e³e¨ nvwi‡q †h‡Z cv‡i|
GKmgq wPwVc‡Îi hyM wQj| ZLb †cÖwg‡Ki `„wó AvKl©Y Ki‡Z, 100 c„ôvi wPwVI †Q‡j-
‡g‡qiv wjLZ| GLb SMS-E-mail Gi hy‡M, †Q‡j-‡g‡qiv 1/2 jvB‡bB Zv‡ì
Av‡e`b-wb‡e`b †kl K‡i| ZiæY-cÖR‡b¥i †mB gb¯ÍvwË¡K ev¯ÍeZv we‡ePbvq †i‡L, Avwg
AZ¨šÍ ms‡ÿ‡c Ges mnR-mij fvlvq Avgvi e³e¨ Dc¯’vc‡bi †Póv K‡iwQ|
Avgvi Av‡M hviv wj‡L‡Qb Zviv mevB e½eÜzi 7B gv‡P©i fvlY‡K we‡k¦i Ab¨Zg †kÖô
fvlY e‡j‡Qb| Avwg cÖgvY K‡iwQ, GwU Ab¨Zg bq, GwU we‡k¦i †kÖôZg fvlY| hw` †KD
†hŠw³K fv‡e Avgvi hyw³ LÛb Ki‡Z cv‡i, Z‡e Avwg Zv gv_v †c‡Z †be|
Aek¨ ‡kÖôZg kãwU bv ej‡jI c‡ivÿfv‡e †kÖôZg e‡j‡Qb, Wt Abycg †mb m¨vi| wZwb
Zvui, Ô7 gv‡P©i fvlY: wek¦-BwZnv‡mi ¯^vaxbZvi †kÖô fvlYÕ cÖe‡Ü e‡j‡Qb, Ôwek¦-
BwZnv‡m †h KqwU AmvaviY e³…Zv Av‡Q, 1971-Gi 7B gvP© cÖvq `k jÿ †jv‡Ki mvg‡b
†mvnivIqv`x© D`¨v‡b e½eÜz †h fvlYwU w`‡qwQ‡jb, Zv Zuvi Ab¨Zg, m¤¢eZ †kÖô|Õ
Ab¨Zg ejvi ci Avevi †kÖô ejvi A_© wK ‡kÖôZg bq? wZwb Av‡iv e‡j‡Qb, Ô7 gvP©
Aciv‡ý †mvnivIqv`x© D`¨v‡b m~h© hLb cwð‡g X‡j co‡Q, ZLb jÿ jÿ †jv‡Ki wekvj
Rbmgy‡`ªi D‡Ï‡k¨ e½eÜz †h fvlY w`‡qwQ‡jb, Zvi Zzjbv BwZnv‡mi †Kv_vI †bB|Õ †h
fvl‡Yi Zzjbv BwZnv‡m †bB, †mwU wK †kÖôZg bq?
‘No smoke without fire.’ k~b¨ †_‡K †Kvb e³e¨ Av‡m bv| e½eÜzi e³e¨¸wjB
Zvui Rxeb-`k©b| wZwb A‡bK¸wj fvl‡Y e‡j‡Qb, Ôevsjv‡`k iv‡óªi wfwË n‡e 4wU| h_vt
MYZš¿, evOvjx RvZxqZvev`, mgvRZš¿ I ag©wbi‡cÿZv| wZwb Av‡iv e‡jwQ‡jb, GLv‡b
†Kvb wKš‘ wdš‘ _vK‡e bv, GLv‡b ‡KD nvZ jvMv‡Z cvi‡e bv|Õ KviY e½eÜz Rvb‡Zb,
GB 4wU `k©bB evsjv‡`k‡K cvwK¯Ívb †_‡K c„„_K Ki‡e| wZwb mvivRxeb msMÖvg K‡i‡Qb,
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gvby‡li AwaKvi cÖwZôvi Rb¨, gvby‡li gyw³i Rb¨| ¯^vaxbZvi ciI wZwb e‡j‡Qb, ÔRxeb
w`‡q n‡jI Avwg Avgvi gvby‡li AwaKvi cÖwZôv Kie wKš‘ Av‡cvm Kie bv|Õ wZwb K_v
†i‡L‡Qb| Rxeb w`‡q‡Qb, wKš‘ Av‡cvm K‡ibwb|
ZvB †Zv e½eÜzi Lybx-Pµ ivóª ÿgZv `Lj K‡iB, 5g ms‡kvabxq gva¨‡g ivóªxq g~jbxwZ
4wUi 3wUB cwieZ©b Ki‡jb| evOvjx RvZxqZvev`, mgvRZš¿ I ag©wbi‡cÿZv‡K evwZj
Kivi gva¨‡g gvby‡li gyw³i c_ iæ× K‡i, ivóª‡K DMÖmv¤úª`vwqK I †kvl‡Yi nvwZqv‡i
cwiYZ Ki‡jb| cÖPvi Kivi †Póv Ki‡jb, e½eÜzi ag©wbi‡cÿZv gv‡b ag©nxbZv| wKš‘
AvR A‡b‡KB Rv‡b, gnvbexi gw`bv mb‡ì 25bs avivq ewY©Z ag©wb‡icÿZv Avi
e½eÜzi 1972 mv‡ji msweav‡b ewY©Z ag©wbi‡cÿZv ûeû GK I Awfbœ| ZvB Gme
eUZjvi K_vq weZK© Kiv AcÖvmw½K e‡j g‡b Kwi| g~jZ 1975 mv‡ji 15 AvM‡÷ e¨w³
†kL gywRe‡K nZ¨vi †Póv Kiv nqwb, nZ¨v Kivi †Póv Kiv n‡qwQj 8 †KvwU evOvjxi gyw³i
AwMœwkLv e½eÜz‡K| KviY, 1971 mv‡j e½eÜzi †bZ…‡Z¡ Avgiv ïay cvwK¯Ívb‡K civwRZ
K‡iwQjvg ZvB bq| Avgiv civwRZ K‡iwQjvg cðvrc` GK ivóªfvebv‡K| 71-Gi †mB
civwRZ kw³ cÖwZ‡kva wb‡ZB, G †`‡ki †mbvevwnbx‡K eënvi K‡i e½eÜz‡K nZ¨vi †Póv
K‡i| wbnZ n‡jb †kL gywRe, wKš‘ wbnZ nbwb e½eÜz|
†h AvZ¥v 8 †KvwU AvZ¥vq GKvZ¥, Zv‡K nZ¨v Kivi mva¨ Kvi? AveviI civwRZ n‡q‡Q
civkw³ Ges Zv‡ì `vjvjiv| ZvB †Zv BwZnv‡mi Av¯ÍvKuz‡o wbwÿß n‡q, nZ¨vKvixiv
AvR LjbvqK Avi e½eÜz gnvbvqK| ÔMan lives in deeds not in years.’ wek¦-
BwZnv‡m wPi-A¤øvb e½eÜzi Abk¦i fvlY¸wj‡K civkw³ Ges wRqvDi ingv‡bi
†mbvevwnbx aŸsm Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| gnvwe‡k¦i ‡Kvb kw³B Avi †KvbKv‡j Zv cvi‡e bv|
e½eÜzi fvlY¸wj Zvui cÖwZwe¤îƒ‡c †`k‡cÖwgK cÖwZwU evOvwji ü`‡q, cÖwZaŸwbZ n‡e
Avengvb Kvj a‡i| RvwZi †h‡Kvb msKUKv‡j e½eÜzi fvlY¸wj Avgv‡ì Aby‡cÖiYvi
AdzišÍ Drm n‡q weivR Ki‡e|
ÔAvg MvQ eo, bv Avg eo?Õ GwU wK †Kvb weZ‡K©i cÖwZcv`¨ welq n‡Z cv‡i? ¯^vaxbZvi
cÖvq 50 eQi ciI †h Ag~jK weZ‡K©i Aemvb nqwb, eBwU c‡o hw` ZiæY mgv‡Ri gb
†_‡K †m weZ‡K©i Aemvb nq Ges e½eÜzi gyw³i g‡š¿ ZiæY-cÖRb¥ D¾xweZ nq, Zvn‡jB
Avgvi cÖ‡Póv mdj Ges Bn Rbg ab¨|
‡gvt Rvnv½xi Avjg

B-‡gBjt jalam939@gmail.com
7
m~wP
e½eÜz HwZnvwmK 7B gv‡P©i fvlY 09
Wt Abycg †mb 7B gv‡P©i fvlY: wek¦-BwZnv‡mi ¯^vaxbZvi †kÖô fvlY 12
Wt AvwZDi ingvb 7B gv‡P©i fvl‡Yi Av_©-mvgvwRK we‡kølY 15
‡gvt Rvnv½xi Avjg we‡k¦i †kÖôZg fvl‡Yi beZi e¨vL¨v 19
Bangabandhu Declaration of Independence 23
e½eÜz m¦‡`k cÖZ¨veZ©b wè‡mi HwZnvwmK fvlY 24
‡gvt Rvnv½xi Avjg hw` wZwb bv Avm‡Zb? 31

e½eÜz cÖ_g ivóªxq md‡i fvi‡Z e½eÜzi fvlY 33
e½eÜz MYcwil‡` ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYv welqK cÖ¯Ív‡ei Dci fvlY 39

Wt Abycg †mb evOvwji cÖ_g ¯^vaxb iv‡óªi cÖ_g msweavbt e½eÜzi GK Abb¨ fvlY 44
e½eÜz RywjI Kzix kvwšÍ cyi¯‹vi cÖvwß‡Z wek¦kvwšÍ cwil‡` fvlY 50
e½eÜz RvwZms‡N e½eÜzi HwZnvwmK fvlY 52
‡gvt Rvnv½xi Avjvg wek¦eÜz kZelx© n‡j 58
Newsweek Poet of Politics 60
e½eÜz I †WwfW d«÷ e½eÜzi mv‡_ †WwfW d«‡÷i mvÿvrKvi 62
Wt Abycg †mb evsjv‡`‡ki fvev`k©MZ wfwË I Zvi AcüZ mgvR 73
‡gvt Rvnv½xi Avjg f~‡Zi D‡ëvgyLx c`hvÎv 81
msKwjZ e½eÜzi Rxeb cwiPq 83
‡gvt Rvnv½xi Avjg e½eÜzi cÖwZwe¤^ 97
8
e½eÜzi HwZnvwmK fvlY
(‡im‡Kvm© gq`vb, 7 gvP©, 1971)
fvB‡qiv Avgvi,
AvR `ytL fvivµvšÍ gb wb‡q Avcbv‡ì mvg‡b nvwRi n‡qwQ| Avcbviv meB Rv‡bb Ges
†ev‡Sb| Avgiv Avgv‡ì Rxeb w`‡q †Póv K‡iwQ| wKš‘ `yt‡Li welq AvR XvKv, PÆMÖvg,
Lyjbv, ivRkvnx, iscy‡i Avgvi fvB‡qi i‡³ ivRc_ iwÄZ n‡q‡Q| AvR evsjvi gvbyl
gyw³ Pvq, evsjvi gvbyl evuP‡Z Pvq, evsjvi gvbyl Zvi AwaKvi Pvq| Kx Ab¨vq K‡iwQjvg?
wbe©vP‡bi c‡i evsjv‡`‡ki gvbyl m¤ú~Y©fv‡e Avgv‡K, AvIqvgx jxM‡K †fvU †`b|
Avgv‡ì b¨vkbvj G‡m¤^jx em‡e, Avgiv †mLv‡b kvmbZš¿ ˆZwi Kie Ges G‡`k‡K
Avgiv M‡o Zzj‡ev, G‡`‡ki gvbyl A_©‰bwZK, ivR‰bwZK, mvs¯‹…wZK gyw³ cv‡e| wKš‘
`yt‡Li welq, AvR `yt‡Li m‡½ ej‡Z nq, 23 eQ‡ii KiæY BwZnvm evsjvi AZ¨vPv‡ii,
evsjvi gvby‡li i‡³i BwZnvm| 23 eQ‡ii BwZnvm gyg~l©y bi-bvixi AvZ©bv‡ì BwZnvm|
evsjvi BwZnvm G‡`‡ki gvby‡li i³ w`‡q ivRc_ iwÄZ Kivi BwZnvm|
1952 mv‡j i³ w`‡qwQ, 1954 mv‡j wbe©vP‡b Rqjvf K‡iI Avgiv Mw`‡Z em‡Z
cvwi bvB| 1958 mv‡j Avqye Lvb gvk©vj jÕ Rvwi K‡i 10 eQi ch©šÍ Avgv‡ì †Mvjvg
K‡i †i‡L‡Q| 1966 m‡b 6 `dv Av‡›`vj‡b, 7B Ry‡b Avgvi †Q‡j‡ì ¸jx K‡i nZ¨v Kiv
n‡q‡Q| 1969 mv‡ji Av‡›`vj‡b Avqye Lv‡bi cZb nIqvi ci hLb Bqvwnqv Lvb mv‡ne
miKvi wb‡jb, wZwb ej‡jb, †`‡k kvmbZš¿ †`‡eb, MYZš¿ †`‡eb, Avgiv †g‡b wbjvg|
Zvici A‡bK BwZnvm n‡q †Mj, wbe©vPb nj| Avwg †cÖwm‡W›U Bqvwnqv Lvb mv‡n‡ei m‡½
†`Lv K‡iwQ|
Avwg ïay evsjvi bq, cvwK¯Ív‡bi †gRwiwU cvwU©i †bZv wn‡m‡e Zv‡K Aby‡iva
Kijvg 15B †deªæqvwi Zvwi‡L Avcwb RvZxq cwil‡ì Awa‡ekb †`b| wZwb Avgvi K_v
ivL‡jb bv| wZwb ivL‡jb fz‡Æv mv‡n‡ei K_v| wZwb ej‡jb cÖ_g mßv‡n gvP© gv‡m n‡e|
Avgiv ejjvg wVK Av‡Q, Avgiv G‡m¤^jx‡Z eme| Avwg ejjvg, G‡m¤^jxi g‡a¨
Av‡jvPbv Kie, GgbwK Avwg GI ch©šÍ ejjvg, hw` †KD b¨vh¨ K_v e‡j, Avgiv msL¨vq
†ewk n‡jI, GKRb hwÌ †m nq Zvi b¨vh¨ K_v Avgiv †g‡b †be|
Rbve fz‡Æv mv‡ne GLv‡b G‡mwQ‡jb, Av‡jvPbv Ki‡jb, e‡j †M‡jb †h,
Av‡jvPbvi ìRv eÜ bv, Av‡iv Av‡jvPbv n‡e| Zvici Ab¨vb¨ †bZ…e„›`, Zuv‡ì m‡½
Avjvc Kijvg : Avcbviv Avmyb, emyb, Avgiv Avjvc K‡i kvmbZš¿ ˆZwi Kwi| wZwb
ej‡jb, cwðgcvwK¯Ív‡bi †g¤^v‡iiv hw` GLv‡b Av‡m Zvn‡j KmvBLvbv n‡e G‡m¤^jx|
wZwb ej‡jb, †h hv‡e Zuv‡K †g‡i †d‡j †Ìqv n‡e| hw` †KD G‡m¤^jx‡Z Av‡m Zvn‡j
†c‡kvqvi †_‡K KivPx ch©šÍ †`vKvb †Rvi K‡i eÜ Kiv n‡e| Avwg ejjvg, G‡m¤^jx
Pj‡e| Zvic‡i nVvr 1 Zvwi‡L G‡m¤^jx eÜ K‡i †Ìqv n‡jv|Bqvwnqv Lvb mv‡ne
†cÖwm‡W›U wn‡m‡e G‡m¤^jx †W‡KwQ‡jb, Avwg ejjvg †h, Avwg hve| f~‡Æv mv‡ne ej‡jb,
wZwb hv‡eb bv| 35 Rb m`m¨ cwðg cvwK¯Ívb †_‡K GLv‡b Av‡mb| Zvic‡i nVvr eÜ
9
K‡i †Ìqv nj| †`vl †Ìqv n‡jv evsjvi gvbyl‡K, †`vl †Ìqv n‡jv Avgv‡K| eÜ K‡i
†`qvi c‡i G‡`‡ki gvbyl cÖwZev`gyLi n‡q DVj|
Avwg ejjvg, kvwšÍc~Y©fv‡e Avcbviv niZvj cvjb K‡ib| Avwg ejjvg, Avcbviv
Kj-KviLvbv mewKQz eÜ K‡i †`b| RbMY mvov w`j| Avcb B”Qvq RbMY iv¯Ívq †ewi‡q
coj| Zviv kvwšÍc~Y©fv‡e msMÖvg Pvwj‡q hvIqvi Rb¨ w¯’i cÖwZÁve× nj|
Kx †cjvg Avgiv? Avgiv cqmv w`‡q A¯¿ wK‡bwQ ewntkÎæi AvµgY †_‡K †`k‡K iÿv
Kivi Rb¨, AvR †mB A¯¿ eënvi n‡”Q †`‡ki Mixe-`ytLx-wbi¯¿ gvby‡li weiæ‡×| Zvi
ey‡Ki Dci n‡”Q ¸wj| Avgiv cvwK¯Ív‡bi msL¨v¸iæ, Avgiv evOvwjiv hLbB ÿgZvq hvevi
†Póv K‡iwQ ZLbB Zviv Avgv‡ì Dci Suvwc‡q c‡o‡Q|
†Uwj‡dv‡b Avgvi m‡½ Zuvi K_v nq| Zuv‡K Avwg e‡jwQjvg, ‡Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqv Lvb
mv‡ne, Avcwb cvwK¯Ív‡bi †cÖwm‡W›U, †`‡L hvb Kxfv‡e Avgvi Mix‡ei Dc‡i, Avgvi
evsjvi gvby‡li ey‡Ki Dc‡i ¸jx Kiv n‡q‡Q| Kx K‡i Avgvi gvÕ‡qi ‡Kvj Lvwj Kiv
n‡q‡Q| Kx K‡i gvbyl‡K nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q, Avcwb Avmyb †`Lyb, wePvi Kiæb| wZwb
ej‡jb, Avwg-bvwK ¯^xKvi K‡iwQ †h, 10 Zvwi‡L ivDÛ †Uwej Kbdv‡iÝ n‡e|
Avwg †Zv A‡bK Av‡MB e‡jwQ, wK‡mi Avi.wU.wm? Kvi m‡½ eme? hviv Avgvi gvby‡li
ey‡Ki i³ wb‡q‡Q Zv‡ì m‡½ eme? nVvr Avgvi m‡½ civgk© bv K‡i cuvP NÈv †Mvc‡b
êVK K‡i †h e³…Zv wZwb K‡i‡Qb, mg¯Í †`vl wZwb Avgvi Dc‡i w`‡q‡Qb| evsjvi
gvby‡li Dc‡i w`‡q‡Qb|
fvB‡qiv Avgvi,
25 Zvwi‡L G‡m¤^jx Kj K‡i‡Q| i‡³i `vM ïKvq bvB| Avwg `k Zvwi‡L e‡j w`‡qwQ †h,
H knx‡ì i‡³i Dci w`‡q, cvov w`‡q Avi.wU.wm‡Z gywReyi ingvb †hvM`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i
bv| G‡m¤^jx Kj K‡i‡Qb Avgvi `vex gvb‡Z n‡e| cÖ_g, mvgwiK AvBb gvk©vj jÕ DB_Wª
Ki‡Z n‡e| mg¯Í mvgwiK evwnbxi †jvK‡ì e¨viv‡K †diZ wb‡Z n‡e| †hfv‡e nZ¨v Kiv
n‡q‡Q Zvi Z`šÍ Ki‡Z n‡e| Avi RbM‡Yi cÖwZwbwai nv‡Z ÿgZv n¯ÍvšÍi Ki‡Z n‡e|
Zvic‡i we‡ePbv K‡i †`Le Avgiv G‡m¤^jx‡Z em‡Z cvie wK cvie bv| Gi c~‡e©
G‡m¤^jx‡Z em‡Z Avgiv cvwi bv|
Avwg cÖavbgš¿xZ¡ PvB bv| Avgiv G‡`‡ki gvby‡li AwaKvi PvB| Avwg cwi®‹vi Aÿ‡i e‡j
†èvi PvB †h, AvR †_‡K evsjv‡`‡k †KvU©, KvPvwi, Av`vjZ, †dŠR`vix, wkÿv-cÖwZôvb
Awbw`©óKv‡ji Rb¨ eÜ _vK‡e| Mix‡ei hv‡Z Kó bv nq, hv‡Z Avgvi gvbyl Kó bv K‡i,
†mRb¨ mg¯Í Ab¨vb¨ †h wRwbm¸‡jv Av‡Q †m¸‡jvi niZvj Kvj †_‡K Pj‡e bv| wi·v,
†Nvovi Mvwo Pj‡e, †ij Pj‡e, jÂ Pj‡e| ïay †m‡µUvwi‡qU, mycÖxg †KvU©, RR© †KvU©,
nvB‡KvU©, †mwg-Mf‡g©›U `dZi¸‡jv-Iqvc`v, †Kvb wKQz Pj‡e bv| 28 Zvwi‡L Kg©Pvixiv
wM‡q †eZb wb‡q Avm‡eb| Gi c‡i hw` †eZb †Ìqv bv nq, Avi hw` GKUv ¸jx P‡j,
Avi hw` Avgvi †jvK‡K nZ¨v Kiv nq, †Zvgv‡ì Dci Avgvi Aby‡iva iBj : cÖ‡Z¨K N‡i
N‡i `~M© M‡o †Zvj| †Zvgv‡ì hv wKQz Av‡Q ZvB wb‡q kÎæi †gvKvwejv Ki‡Z n‡e| Ges
Rxe‡bi Z‡i iv¯ÍvNvU hv hv Av‡Q mewKQz, Avwg hw` ûKzg †èvi bvI cvwi, †Zvgiv eÜ
K‡i †`‡e| Avgiv fv‡Z gvie| Avgiv cvwb‡Z gvie| ‡Zvgiv Avgvi fvB- †Zvgiv
10
e¨viv‡K _vK, †KD †Zvgv‡ì wKQz ej‡e bv| wKš‘ Avgvi ey‡Ki Dc‡i ¸jx Pvjvevi ‡Póv
K‡iv bv| 7 †KvwU gvbyl‡K `vev‡q ivL‡Z cviev bv| Avgiv hLb gi‡Z wk‡LwQ, ZLb
†KD Avgv‡ì `vev‡Z cviev bv|
Avi †h mg¯Í †jvK knx` n‡q‡Q, AvNvZcÖvß n‡q‡Q, Avgiv AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †_‡K hZ`~i
cvwi Zv‡ì mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z †Póv Kie| hviv cv‡ib Avgvi wiwjd KwgwU‡K mvgvb¨ UvKv-
cqmv ‡cŠwQ‡q w`‡eb| Avi GB mvZw`b niZv‡j †h mg¯Í kÖwgK fvB‡qiv †hvM`vb
K‡i‡Qb cÖ‡Z¨KUv wk‡íi gvwjK Zv‡ì †eZb †cŠwQ‡q †`‡eb|
miKvix Kg©Pvix‡ì ewj : Avwg hv ewj Zv gvb‡Z n‡e| †h ch©šÍ Avgvi GB †`‡ki gyw³
bv n‡e LvRbv, U¨v· eÜ K‡i †Ìqv nj| †KD †`‡e bv| †kv‡bb- g‡b ivL‡eb kÎæevwnbx
Xz‡K‡Q, wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ AvZ¥Kjn m„wó Ki‡e, jyUZivR Ki‡e| GB evsjvq wn›`y-gymjgvb,
evOvwj-bb-evOwj hviv Av‡Qb Zviv Avgv‡ì fvB| Zv‡ì iÿvi `vwqZ¡ Avcbv‡ì Dc‡i,
Avgv‡ì †hb e`bvg bv nq| g‡b ivL‡eb, †iwWI, †Uwjwfk‡bi Kg©Pvixiv, hw` †iwWI‡Z
Avgv‡ì K_v bv †kv‡b Zvn‡j †Kvb evOvwj †iwWI †÷k‡b hv‡eb bv| hw` †Uwjwfk‡b
Avgv‡ì wbDR bv †`q, †Kvb evOvwj †Uwjwfk‡b hv‡eb bv| `yB NÈv e¨vsK †Lvjv _vK‡e
hv‡Z gvbyl Zv‡ì gvqbv-cÎ †bevi cv‡i| wKš‘ c~e© evsjv †_‡K cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b GK
cqmvI Pvjvb n‡Z cvi‡e bv|
‡Uwj‡dvb, †UwjMÖvg Avgv‡ì GB c~e© evsjvq Pj‡e Ges we‡`‡ki m‡½ wbDR cvVv‡Z n‡j
Avcbviv Pvjv‡eb| wKš‘ hw` G‡`‡ki gvbyl‡K LZg Kivi †Póv Kiv nq, evOvwjiv ey‡S
ï‡b KvR Ki‡eb| cÖ‡Z¨K MÖvg, cÖ‡Z¨K gnjvq, AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †bZ…‡Z¡ msMÖvg cwil`
M‡o †Zvj Ges †Zvgv‡ì hv wKQz Av‡Q, ZvB wb‡q cÖ¯‘Z _vK| g‡b ivLev, i³ hLb
w`‡qwQ i³ AviI †è- G‡`‡ki gvbyl‡K gy³ K‡i Qvoe, Bbkvjøvn&|
Gev‡ii msMÖvg Avgv‡ì gyw³i msMÖvg,
Gev‡ii msMÖvg ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg|
Rq evsjv|
11
7 gv‡P©i fvlY: wek¦ -BwZnv‡mi ¯^vaxbZvi †kÖô fvlY
Wt Abycg †mb
wek¦-BwZnv‡m †h KqwU AmvaviY e³…Zv Av‡Q, 1971-Gi 7B gvP© cÖvq `k jÿ †jv‡Ki
mvg‡b †mvnivIqv`x© D`¨v‡b e½eÜz †h fvlYwU w`‡qwQ‡jb, Zv Zuvi Ab¨Zg, m¤¢eZ †kÖô|
Avi †Kv‡bv ¯§iYxq fvl‡Yi e³v GiKg GKwU wekvj Rbmgy‡`ª ZvrÿwbK kãPq‡bi
gva¨‡g Ggb GKwU gnvKvwe¨K fvlY †`bwb| AvR †_‡K cÖvq `yÕnvRvi eQi Av‡M,
Av‡j·vÛv‡ii wcZv wdwj‡ci nv‡Z hLb G‡K G‡K wMÖK bMi-ivóª¸‡jvi cZb NUwQj,
ZLb †W‡gv‡¯’wbm ivóª¸‡jvi bvMwiK‡ì ¯^vaxbZv nviv‡bvi Avï Akwbms‡KZ wb‡`©k K‡i
†h-fvlY¸‡jv w`‡qwQ‡jb, †m¸‡jv wek¦-BwZnv‡m ¯§iYxq|‡mme fvl‡Yi wewfbœ Ask
msiwÿZ Av‡Q, Kv‡ji mxgvbv †cwi‡q †m¸‡jv Av‡Rv Avgv‡ì DÏxß K‡i| whky wLª‡÷i
R‡b¥i cÖvq Pvik eQi Av‡M G‡_Ý I ¯úvU©vi g‡a¨ wÎk eQi a‡i †h hy× P‡jwQj, hv
‡c‡jvc‡bwmqvb hy× bv‡g cwiwPZÑ‡m-hy‡×i GK ch©v‡q G‡_‡Ýi ivóªbvqK, MYZ‡š¿i
Awe¯§iYxq c~Rvwi †cwiwK¬m †h-g„Zz¨Äqx, KvjRqx fvlYwU w`‡qwQ‡jb, Zv Av‡Rv MYZ‡š¿i
cÖwZ Mfxi fv‡jvevmvi I e¨w³¯^vaxbZvi wPišÍb AwMœwkLv wn‡m‡e BwZnvm‡K Av‡jvwKZ
Ki‡Q| we‡k¦i cÖ_g ‰eÁvwbK BwZnvmwe` _ywKWvBm G-fvlYwU iÿv I wjwce× K‡i
†M‡Qb Zuvi Agi MÖš’ Ô‡c‡jvc‡bvwmqvb IqvimÕ ev Ô†c‡jvc‡bwmqvb hy×Õ-Gi BwZnv‡m|
Aveªvnvg wjsK‡bi †MwUmevM© e³…Zv eû-D×…Z, eû bw›`Z hwÌ Zv Dcw¯’Z †kÖvZv‡ì
g‡a¨ ZvrÿwbK †Kv‡bv Av‡jvob m„wó K‡iwb| †bZvwR myfvlP›`ª emy fvi‡Zi ¯^vaxbZvi
Rb¨ fviZxq‡Zi wb‡q fvi‡Zi evB‡i, A_©vr we‡`‡ki gvwU‡Z ÔfviZxq RvZxq evwnbxÕ ev
Indian National Army MVb K‡i †m-evwnbxi m`m¨ I Avcvgi fviZevmx‡K
AvZ¥Z¨v‡Mi gva¨‡g ¯^vaxbZv †PZbvq DØy× I DÏxß Kivi Rb¨ †h-me fvlY w`‡qwQ‡jb
†m-me fvlY wPiA¤øvb, wPiD¾¡j| K‡qK kZvãx a‡i Av‡gwiKv hy³iv‡óªi wb‡MÖv -
Awaevmxiv cÖvq cÖwZwU bvMwiK AwaKvi †_‡K †hfv‡e ewÂZ wQj, Kvi‡Y-AKvi‡Y Zv‡ì
Dci †h-AZ¨vPv‡ii KwVb AvNvZ †b‡g Avm‡Zv Zv-‡_‡K gyw³i Rb¨, Zv‡ì AwaKv‡ii
Rb¨ (wmwfj ivBUm) gvwU©b jy_vi wKs 1963-Gi AMv‡÷, ÔAvgvi GKwU ¯^cœ Av‡QÕ (I
have a dream) kxl©K †h-AmvaviY fvlYwU w`‡qwQ‡jb Zv-I wek¦ BwZnv‡mi GKwU Agi
e³…Zv| gvby‡li ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ GB Abk¦i fvlY¸‡jv huviv w`‡qwQ‡jb Zuv‡ì cuvPR‡bi
wZbRbB cÖwZwµqv-‡cÖwiZ NvZK‡ì nv‡Z wbnZ n‡q‡Qb| wbnZ n‡q‡Qb wj¼b, jy_vi wKs
Ges e½eÜz| AvZ¥nZ¨vq eva¨ n‡q‡Qb †W‡gv‡¯’wbm| ¯^vfvweK g„Zz¨ n‡q‡Q †Kej
†cwiwK¬‡mi| gvby‡li ¯^vaxbZv I gyw³ huviv Pvb, ¯^vaxbZvi kÎæiv Zuv‡ì KL‡bvB ÿgv
K‡i bvÑ BwZnv‡mi mvÿ¨ ZvB|
GB bk¦i gvbyl¸‡jv‡K nZ¨v Kiv n‡jI Zuv‡ì Abk¦i evYx AvRI Avgv‡ì AvcøyZ
K‡i,AbycÖvwYZ K‡i| †cwiwK¬m, †W‡gv‡¯’wbm, wj¼b, jy_vi wKs cÖgyL ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ †h
fvlY¸‡jv w`‡qwQ‡jb, RbwP‡Ë Zv †h †`vjv RvwM‡qwQj Zvi †ik Av‡Rv Avgiv Abyfe
Kwi|
12
wKš‘ †Kb Rvwb g‡b nq, 7 gvP© Aciv‡ý †mvnivIqv`x© D`¨v‡b m~h© hLb cwð‡g X‡j
co‡Q, ZLb jÿ jÿ †jv‡Ki wekvj Rbmgy‡`ªi D‡Ï‡k¨ e½eÜz †h fvlY w`‡qwQ‡jb, Zvi
Zzjbv BwZnv‡mi †Kv_vI †bB|
†cwiwK¬m, Aveªvnvg wjsKb Ges Ab¨vb¨ gnr RvZxq †bZv I ivóªbvqKMY fvlY
w`‡qwQ‡jb †Kv‡bv Rbmgy‡`ª ùvwo‡q bq (†Kej jy_vi wKs-Gi e³…ZvwU Qvov, Zv-I `k
jÿ †jv‡Ki mvg‡b bq)| †mme fvl‡Y †Kv‡bv GKUv RvwZ‡K nvRvi eQ‡ii k„•Lj †f‡O
civaxbZvi weiæ‡× ¯^vaxbZvhy‡×, gyw³i msMÖv‡g HKë× n‡q Suvwc‡q covi AvnŸvb
Rvbv‡bv nqwb| e½eÜzi fvl‡Y evOvwj †hb nVvr K‡i Zvi nvRvi eQ‡ii RoZv, ˆ`b¨ I
Møvwb AwZµg K‡i GK gnv‡PZbvq DØy× n‡q AvRb¥ mvabvi ab, AvRb¥ Aaiv ¯^vaxbZv‡K
cvIqvi Rb¨ giYcY msMÖv‡g Suvwc‡q covi D`vË `xÿv †cj| weªwUk we‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡b
evOvwj wewÿßfv‡e RvMvi †Póv Ki‡jI Zv c~Y©Zv cvqwb| 1971-G e½eÜzB cÖ_g
evsjv‡`‡ki mvZ‡KvwU gvbyl‡K ag©-eY©-‡kÖwY, weË-‰ef‡ei wefvRb wbwe©‡k‡l gnvb H‡K¨
RvMÖZ Ki‡jb Zvui fvl‡Yi gva¨‡g| GB gnvfvl‡Yi cUf~wg wZwbB ˆZwi K‡iwQ‡jb Zuvi
`xN© †ZBk eQ‡ii ivR‰bwZK msMÖv‡gi ga¨ w`‡q| 1948 †_‡K 1968 ch©šÍ `xN© GB `yB
`k‡K wZwb AmsLëvi †R‡j †M‡Qb hv evOvwj gb‡b AwMœwkLvi gZ KvR KiwQj| 7
gv‡P©i fvlYwU wQjZvB Zuvi `xN© msMÖv‡gi GKwU cwiYZ dzj I dj| GB fvlYwU wZwb
ïiæB K‡i‡Qb cvwK¯Ívwb kvmKP‡µi nv‡Z †ZBk eQ‡ii gnveÂbvi BwZnvm Dc¯’vc‡bi
gva¨‡g| †kÖvZvi gg©g~j‡K we× K‡i, g‡bi Zš¿x‡Z Zš¿x‡Z AvNvZ †n‡bÑ GiKg †QvU
†QvU evK¨ cÖ‡qvM K‡i, wZwb Zv‡ì Rvwb‡qwQ‡jb †ZBk eQ‡ii AZ¨vPvi, AwaKvi-niY I
eÂbvi BwZnvmÑ GKK_vq evOvwj RvwZi mvwe©K civaxbZvi BwZnvm| KZevi †h evOvwji
i‡³ ivRc_ iwÄZ n‡q‡Q, Zv wZwb Zv‡ì ej‡Z †fv‡jbwb; e‡j‡Qb, Aciæc M`¨Q‡›`|
†ZBk eQ‡ii eÂbv m‡Ë¡I evOvwj †h memgq wbqgZvwš¿K ivRbxwZ‡K AbymiY K‡i‡Q,
Zvi cÖwZ wZwb cÖ_‡gB `„wó AvK…ó K‡i e‡j‡Qb, evOvwj‡K Zvi †`q hw` †`qv nq, Zvn‡j
evOvwj GL‡bv eû AvZ¥Z¨vM m‡Ë¡I †`qv-‡bqvq, `vb-cÖwZ`v‡b ivwR Av‡Q| wKš‘ GKB
m‡½ wZwb cwðg cvwK¯Ívwb kvmKP‡µi kVZvi K_v ¯§iY Kwi‡q w`‡q ej‡jb, Ôlohš¿
Pj‡Q|Õ lohš¿ hw` P‡j Zvn‡j evOvwji KiYxq m¤ú‡K©I w`Kwb‡`©kbv w`‡jb, WvK w`‡jb
†`kRy‡o niZvj cvj‡bi I miKv‡ii m‡½ Amn‡hv‡Mi| wZwb ej‡jb, Zuvi Kv‡Q
cÖavbgwš¿Z¡ bq, gvby‡li AwaKviB gyL¨, evOvwji gyw³B me©vMÖMY¨|
AwaKvi ni‡Yi lohš¿‡K iæL‡Z, AwaKvi Av`v‡q evOvwji KiYxq KxÑ Zv-I wZwb
ej‡jb, hv cÖK…Zc‡ÿ wQj ¯^vaxbZviB †NvlYv| ej‡jb, ÔcÖ‡Z¨K N‡i N‡i `~M© M‡o
†Zv‡jv| †Zvgv‡ì hv wKQz Av‡Q Zv wb‡q kÎæi †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z n‡e|Õ me gvby‡li Kv‡Q
‡cŠQv‡bvi Rb¨ †jŠwKK evK¨ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡jb, hvi Abb¨ Dcgv: Ô...Ges Rxe‡bi Z‡i
iv¯ÍvNvU hv hv Av‡Q mewKQzÑ Avwg hw` ûKzg †èvi bv-I cvwi †Zvgiv eÜ K‡i †`‡e|Õ
mvaviY gvbyl‡K RvMv‡Z mvaviY gvby‡li cÖwZw`‡bi eëüZ ev‡Kï Kx AmvaviY cÖ‡qvM!
we‡k¦i Ab¨Zg †kÖô `vk©wbK †n‡Mj e‡j‡Qb, Ôwek¦-BwZnvm gvby‡li ¯^vaxbZvi
‰PZ‡bï AMÖMwZi BwZnvm|Õ (ÔThe history of the world is none other the progress
of the consciousness of freedomÕÑHegel, The Philosophy of History.) wZwb
13
e‡j‡Qb, cÖ‡Z¨K mËvi †hŠw³K cwiYwZ n‡jv ¯^vaxbZvi ga¨ w`‡q Zvi AšÍwb©wnZ
m¤¢vebv‡K c~Y©Zv-‡Ìqv| A‡PZb †h mËv, †hgb GKwU cv_i cv_iB _v‡K, †iv‡`-cy‡o
R‡j-wf‡R nvIqvq-ïwK‡q cwi‡e‡ki cÖwZK~jZvi weiæ‡× msMÖv‡gi ga¨ w`‡q| GKwU exR
hLb gnxiƒ‡c cwiYZ nq, Zvi Av‡M Zv‡K wewfbœ cÖwZK~j cwi‡ek I ch©v‡qi ga¨ w`‡q
†h‡Z nq| bv-exR, bv-Kzuwo, bv-dzj BZ¨vwì ga¨ w`‡q GKwU MvQ weKwkZ nq| Zuvi g‡Z,
GwU GKwU Øvw›ØK cÖwµqv| cv_‡ii e¨vcviwU A‡PZb, wKš‘ Dw™¢‡ì ev Mv‡Qi i‡q‡Q
†PZbvi ga¨ w`‡q ¯^ZùzZ© ¯^qs cÖKvk| wKš‘ Gme †ÿ‡Î †Kv‡bv hyw³i Zvobv †bB| wKš‘
gvbyl Rxe †_‡K ÔgvbylÕ n‡q I‡V, wb‡Ri ÔAmxg m¤¢vebvÕ‡K c~Y©Zv †`q Ôm‡PZb hyw³iÕ
cÖ‡qv‡M | wKš‘ Zvi Rb¨ Zvi cÖ‡qvRb ¯^vaxbZvÕ| †h gvbyl Aaxb, †m-‡Zv Zvi m¤¢vebv‡K
wkÿv-¯^v¯’¨ I ms¯‹…wZi ga¨ w`‡q c~Y©Zv w`‡Z cv‡i bv| GBme AwaKvi-ewÂZ gvbyl †Zv
Zvi gvbweK mËvi me m¤¢vebv‡K c~Y©Zv w`‡Z e¨_©| GBRb¨ e½eÜz hLb Zvi fvl‡Yi †kl
evK¨ D”PviY Ki‡jb, †NvlYv w`‡jb, ÔGev‡ii msMÖvg Avgv‡ì gyw³i msMÖvg, Gev‡ii
msMÖvg ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvgÕÑZLb Zv n‡jv GKwU AmvaviY gnvKvwe¨K D”PviY| KviY ZLb
Zv‡Z GKwU gnvRvwZi nvRvi eQ‡ii Ac~Y© m¤¢vebv‡K c~Y©Zv †`qvi †NvlYv G‡jv| nvRvi
eQ‡ii mylywß †f‡O evOvwj‡K giYcY Rbhy‡× Suvwc‡q co‡Z †h-WvK w`‡qwQ‡jb wZwb Ô‡h
ï‡b‡Q Kv‡b/Zvnvi AvnŸvb MxZ, Qz‡U‡Q †m wbf©xK civ‡b/...w`‡q‡Q ‡m wek¦ -wemR©b,
wbh©vZb j‡q‡Q †m eÿ cvwZ, g„Zzï MR©b ï‡b‡Q †m msMx‡Zi g‡ZvÕÑ †m AvnŸv‡b, g„Zzï
MR©b‡K msMx‡Zi g~Q©bvi g‡Zv ï‡b, wbf©xK wP‡Ë evOvwj 1971-G †hfv‡e gyw³i msMÖv‡g
Suvwc‡q coj, Zvi Zzjbv wK †Kv_vI Av‡Q? gnvKvj-Qvwc‡q GB gnvKvwe¨K fvlY wK ZvB
wPi-A¤øvb bq? GB fvlYB wek¦-BwZnv‡m ¯^vaxbZvi †kÖô fvlY|
(cÖeÜwU wcÖwgqvi wek¦we`¨vjq, PÆMÖvg Gi gvbbxq DcvPvh©,

mgvRweÁvbx Wt Abycg †mb Gi ÔBwZnv‡m Awebk¦iÕ MÖš’ †_‡K msKwjZ|)
14
7B gv‡P©i fvl‡Yi Av_©-mvgvwRK we‡kølY
Wt AvwZDi ingvb
abëv`, cÖ‡dmi gvgyb| Avwg cÖ_‡gB Rv`yNi-gnvcwiPvjK kvgmy¾vgvb Lvb‡K abëv`

w`‡Z PvB| Zuviv 7B gv‡P©i Ic‡i GKwU wbweo Av‡jvPbvi Av‡qvRb K‡i‡Qb †mRb¨ ïay
bq, Zuviv GKwU cÖ_vwm× BwZnvm we‡køl‡Yi GKwU Ab¨ aviv ˆZwi Kivi †h D‡`¨vM
wb‡q‡Qb †mBRb¨| KviY BwZnv‡mi g‡a¨ evm Ki‡jI Avgiv wKš‘ ÿ‡Y ÿ‡Y bZzb
BwZnvm ˆZwiI KiwQ| Ges AvR‡Ki †m †cÖÿvcU cÖ‡dmi gvgyb ïiæ‡ZB e‡j‡Qb| Avgiv
wKš‘ GLb GKwU mg‡qi ga¨ w`‡q hvw”Q †h Av‡iKwU bZzb BwZnvm Avgv‡ì ‰Zwi Kivi
Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z _vK‡Z n‡e| Ges †mB cÖ¯‘wZc‡e© 7B gv‡P©i fvlY Aby‡cÖiYv`vqK n‡e| 7B
gv‡P©i †mB fvlY ZvB AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|
divwm BwZnvmwe` Marc Bloch, `Historian’s Craft` eBwU wj‡LwQ‡jb|

wZwb Zuvi eB‡qi ïiæ‡ZB e‡jwQ‡jb ‘In history as elsewhere the causes can
not be assumed, they are to be looked after.’ BwZnv‡mi Kvh©KviY a‡i ‡bqv
hvq bv| GwU‡K Luy‡R †ei Ki‡Z nq| Ges GUv Lyu‡R †c‡Z n‡j Avgv‡ì Avkcv‡k,
Avgv‡ì ¯§„wZ‡Z, Avgv‡ì †bZ…e„‡›ì e³…Zvq, Zuv‡ì K_vevZv©, PvjPjb Ges GgbwK
evsjv‡`‡ki gv‡VNv‡U, f~‡Mv‡j me©Î GUv Qwo‡q-wQwU‡q Av‡Q| Avgv‡ì Luy‡R †c‡Z n‡e|
†Kb Lyu‡R †c‡Z n‡e? GRb¨ Luy‡R †c‡Z n‡e †h, Avgiv Avm‡j ZZUv BwZnvmgb¯‹ bB,
hZUv Avgv‡ì nIqv DwPZ wQj| Avwg GBLv‡b iex›`ªbv_‡K Avevi wb‡q AvmwQ|
iex›`ªbv_ AvR †_‡K 93 eQi Av‡M e‡jwQ‡jb, ÔAvgiv BwZnvm cwo| wKš‘ †h BwZnvm
Avgv‡ì †`‡ki RbcÖevn‡K Aej¤^b Kwiqv cÖ¯‘Z nBqv DwVqv‡Q hvnvi bvbv jÿY, bvbv
¯§„wZ, Avgv‡ì N‡i, evB‡i bvbv ¯’v‡b cÖZ¨ÿ nBqv Av‡Q, Zvnv Avgiv Av‡jvPbv Kwi bv
ewjqv BwZnvm †h wK wRwbm Zvnvi D¾¡j aviYv Avgv‡ì nB‡ZB cv‡i bv|Õ Avgiv ZvB
15
Rv`yNi gnvcwiPvjK‡K abëv` w`‡Z PvB BwZnv‡mi †mB D¾¡j aviYv‡K ˆZwi Kievi GB
mywPwšÍZ D‡`¨vM MÖnY Kievi Rb¨|
Avwg cÖ_‡gB ej‡Z PvB 7B gv‡P©i fvlY‡K Avgvi Kv‡Q KL‡bv KL‡bv GK Agi
ivR‰bwZK KweZv g‡b nq| KL‡bv KL‡bv GKwU ‡QvUMíI g‡b nq| myMÖwš’Z A‡bK K_v
wZwb e‡j‡Qb| mgq n‡j Av‡iv ej‡eb G iKg Bw½ZI Zv‡Z cvIqv hvq| 7B gv‡P©i †mB
Rbmfv Avcbviv Abygvb Kiæb, Kg K‡iI 10 jÿ gvbyl; †mB mgv‡e‡k cÖvq mK‡j
¯^vaxbZv †NvlYvi cÖZ¨vkx| 18 wgwb‡Ui †mB fvl‡Y GKwU kã evievi G‡m‡Q| †hwUi
K_v GLv‡b A‡b‡KB e‡j‡Qb| kãwU wQj Ôgyw³Õ, Freedom| GB Rv`yN‡i AgZ©¨ †mb
Kw`b Av‡M †mB Freedom-Gi K_v e‡j †M‡Qb| evsjv‡`‡k G‡m †bjmb g¨v‡Ûjv e‡j
†M‡Qb| wKš‘ Zvi eû Av‡MB e½eÜz w`wjøi †mB Gqvi‡cv‡U© ùvwo‡qI e‡jwQ‡jb GB hvÎv
AÜKvi †_‡K Av‡jvi c‡_ hvÎv| †mB hvÎv Kx? Freedom-Gi w`‡K hvÎv| gyw³i w`‡K
hvÎv| Ges ZviI eû Av‡M †mB 7B gv‡P©i fvl‡Y wZwb evievi GB Ôgyw³Õ kãwU eënvi
K‡i‡Qb| GB Ôgyw³Õ kãwU ïay GKwU †fŠ‡MvwjK mxgv‡iLv AR©‡bi `„wó‡KvY †_‡K †`L‡j
Pj‡e bv| G wQj Avm‡j Freedom A_©vr Socio-economic constraints A_©vr †h
mg¯Í evavi d‡j Avgv‡ì Rxe‡bi gvb DbœZ Avgiv K‡i DV‡Z cviwQ bv †m evav¸‡jv‡K
`~i K‡i ivR‰bwZK †h kw³i Afv‡e Avgiv Avgv‡ì mvaviY gvbyl‡K Kj¨vYgyLx GKwU
Rxe‡bi w`‡K wb‡q †h‡Z cviwQ bv †m evav¸‡jv‡K Kx K‡i Dc‡o †djv hvqÑ †mB
`„wó‡KvY †_‡KB wKš‘ GwU‡K †`L‡Z n‡e|
†mw`b wQj UvbUvb D‡ËRbv, wKš‘ Zv m‡Ë¡I wZwb GKw`‡K evOvwj RvZxqZvev‡ì
weKv‡ki aviv‡K Õ52 †_‡K Õ54 n‡q Õ60 `k‡Ki Zxeª MYAv‡›`vj‡bi MwZcÖK…wZ‡K k‡ãi
kvUv‡i K‡qKwU ¯øvB‡W ev w¯’iwP‡Î †hgb aievi †Póv K‡i‡QbÑ GKB mv‡_ GKwU
ivR‰bwZK avivweeiYxI wZwb w`‡q‡Qb †mw`‡bi fvl‡Y| Ges †m avivweeiYx‡Z gyL¨ †h
welqwU wQj Avwg †h‡nZz A_©bxwZi QvÎ †mBw`‡K Avcbv‡ì `„wó AvKl©Y Ki‡Z Pvw”Q|
†mB aviv weeiYx‡Z RbM‡Yi we‡kl K‡i mvaviY gvby‡li Kj¨vY fvebvUv wQj wKš‘ AZ¨šÍ
¸iæZ¡c~Y©| Ges GUv gyL¨ GKUv we‡ePbvi welq wQj| ïiæ‡ZB wZwb `ytL fvivµvšÍ g‡b
mvaviY gvby‡li i‡³ ivRc_ iwÄZ nIqvi K_v ej‡Z wM‡q nVvr †hb D”PviY Ki‡jb
Avcbv‡ì g‡b Av‡Q †h cÖ_‡gB wZwb †mB kãwU D”PviY Ki‡jb| ‡Kv‡bv ivLXvK †bB|
†mB K_vwU wQj Ôgyw³iÕ K_v| AwaKv‡ii K_v| wZwb ej‡jb AvR evsjvi gvbyl gyw³ Pvq|
evsjvi gvbyl evuP‡Z Pvq| evsjvi gvbyl Zvi AwaKvi Pvq| wZbwU kãÑ gyw³, euvPv,
16
AwaKvi| wK‡mi AwaKvi Ges †hUv iv¾vK fvB ïiæ‡Z e‡j‡Qb| G‡`‡ki gvby‡li
A_©bxwZ, ivRbxwZ I ms¯‹…wZ gyw³ cv‡e| GUv Avgvi K_v bq| e½eÜzi K_v|
Ges wZwb wbw`©ó K‡i w`‡”Qb| wZwb ïay ivRbxwZi g‡a¨ wb‡R‡K e¨¯Í ivL‡Qb bv| wZwb
A_©bxwZi K_v ej‡Qb| ms¯‹…wZi K_v ej‡Qb| †m mgqUv wQj mvgwiK kvm‡bi Avgj
Avcbviv Rv‡bb| mvgwiK kvm‡bi RuvZvK‡j evOvwji AZ¨vPvwiZ nIqvi KiæY cwiYwZ
†_‡K gy³ nIqvi AvKv•ÿv Zuvi K_vq wfbœ GK gvÎvq aiv c‡o| wZwb ej‡jb †h, ÔAvgiv
cqmv w`‡q A¯¿ wK‡bwQ ewnk©Îæ AvµgY †_‡K †`k‡K iÿv Kivi Rb¨| AvR †mB A¯¿
eënvi n‡”Q Avgvi †`‡ki Mwie `ytLx wbi¯¿ gvby‡li weiæ‡×| Zvi ey‡Ki Ici ¸wj n‡”Q|
Ges Zvi K‡qKw`b Av‡M wZwb e‡j‡Qb ¸wj ïay ey‡Ki Dci n‡”Q bv| ¸wj gy‡Li Ici
n‡”Q| A_©vr gvbyl‡K bv LvB‡q ewÂZ Kivi GKUv cÖeYZv Pj‡Q| †h ‡Kvbfv‡e ÿgZvq
hvIqvi †jvf Zuvi KL‡bvB wQj bv| †h K_v A‡bK e³vB e‡j‡Qb| wZwb `xN©w`b cÖ¯‘wZ
wb‡q‡Qb ÿgZvq hvIqvi Rb¨| ÔAvwg cÖavbgš¿x n‡Z PvB bv| Avgiv G‡`‡ki gvby‡li
AwaKvi PvB|Õ G AwaKvi Av`v‡q msMÖv‡gi Ask wn‡m‡e Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡bi WvK wZwb
w`‡qwQ‡jb| Zv‡ZI Mwie gvby‡li cÖ‡qvR‡bi K_v wZwb g‡b †i‡LwQ‡jb|
AvRKvj A‡b‡KB niZvj †`q| AvRKvj A‡b‡KB Av‡›`vjb K‡i| wKš‘ GB
Av‡›`vj‡b Mwie gvby‡li K_v wKš‘ ¯úófv‡e †KD e‡jb bv| A_P †mB `ytmg‡q hLb cy‡iv
RvwZ Z¨vM ¯^xKvi Kivi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z wQj, GgbwK Mwie gvbylI Z¨vM ¯^xKvi Kivi Rb¨
ˆZwi wQ‡jbÑ †mw`bI wZwb e‡j‡Qb, ÔMwi‡ei hv‡Z Kó bv nq, hv‡Z Avgvi gvbyl Kó bv
K‡i †mRb¨ wiKkv, Miæi Mvwo, †ij, jÂ Pj‡e; ïay †m‡µUvwi‡qU, mycÖxg‡KvU©, nvB‡KvU©,
RR‡KvU©, †mwg Mfb©‡g›U `ßi, Iqvc`v wKQz Pj‡e bv| Zvic‡iB Avevi wZwb e‡j‡Qb GB
7 w`‡bi niZv‡j †h mg¯Í kÖwgK fvB‡qiv †hvM`vb K‡i‡Qb cÖ‡Z¨K wk‡íi gvwjK Zv‡ì
†eZb †cuŠ‡Q †`‡eb| Zvic‡i Zuvi cÖ_vwm×fv‡e I iKg GKwU mg‡qI wZwb mvaviY
gvby‡li †hb Kó bv nq, GB K_vwU wKš‘ wZwb GB cÖ_g ej‡Qb bv, hviv Õ54 mv‡ji
Av‡MI cvwK¯Ívb cvj©v‡g‡›U Zuvi e³…Zv ï‡b‡Qb, Zuviv †mUv eyS‡eb| Zuvi †mB e³…Zv¸‡jv
Avwg GB Rv`yN‡i K‡qKevi wiwcU K‡iwQ| †mB e³…Zv¸‡jv‡Z wZwb msm‡` ivZ 12Uvi
mgq fvl‡Y e‡j‡Qb, ÔAvcbviv AvR ivZ 12Uv ch©šÍ msm` Pvjv‡”Qb, mvg‡b GB †h
†Q‡jwU Pv w`‡”Q, I GLvb †_‡K hv‡e †Kgb K‡iÑ Avcbviv †f‡e‡Qb! Avcbviv †f‡e‡Qb
GB mgq XvKv kn‡ii ivRc‡_ KZ gvbyl Nywg‡q Av‡Q| AvR‡K Mfb©‡ii †eZb 12 nvRvi
UvKv Ki‡Z PvbÕ| G K_v¸‡jv wZwb e‡j‡Qb|G K_v¸‡jv GRb¨ e‡j‡Qb ‡h Zuvi g‡b wQj
mvaviY gvby‡li Kj¨vY wPšÍv| Ges GKB mv‡_ wZwb mvaviY gvby‡li K_v ej‡Z wM‡q
evievi e‡j‡Qb †h, Avgiv GB †h msMÖvg KiwQ GUv wbQK GKwU ivR‰bwZK jÿ¨ AR©‡bi
bv| G K_v¸‡jv ejvi Rb¨ wZwb wmwK
17
kZvãxiI †ewk mgq a‡i Homework K‡iwQjb|
50-Gi `k‡K, †h K_v Avwg GKUz Av‡M ejjvg, cvwK¯Ív‡bi RvZxq cwil‡` †`qv
Zuvi fvlY¸‡jv co‡j Abyfe Kiv hvq mvaviY gvby‡li Av_©-mvgvwRK gyw³i wPšÍvq wZwb
KZUvB bv gMœ wQ‡jb| Zuvi †m wPšÍv‡K mvavi‡Yi wPšÍv I †PZbvq iƒcvšÍwiZ Kivi Rb¨
mymsMwVZ †h ivR‰bwZK I mvs¯‹…wZK D‡`¨vM wZwb wb‡qwQ‡jb Zv‡Z AvMvgx w`‡bi
evsjv‡`‡ki mKj †kÖwYi RbMYB kvwgj n‡qwQ‡jb| 7B gv‡P©i c‡i K‡qKwU w`‡b wZwb
†h me K_v e‡j‡Qb Zv‡ZI †evSv wM‡qwQj wZwb evOvwj RvwZ‡K wKfv‡e ˆZwi KiwQ‡jb
†`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨| 3iv gvP© wZwb e‡j‡Qb niZvj PjvKv‡j mK‡j Mwie `ytLx‡K
mvnvh¨ Ki‡eb| Ges Gici wiKkvIqvjv‡ì †ewk cqmv †`‡eb| g‡b ivL‡eb †h Avgiv
Dcwb‡ek n‡Z PvB bv| GKB mv‡_ e‡j‡Qb †h Avgiv A_©bxwZ‡K aŸsm n‡Z w`‡Z cvwi
bv| †gnbwZ RbMY‡K Abvnv‡i, †ivM, †eKviZ¡ †_‡K evuPv‡Z n‡e| 8 Zvwi‡Li cÎ-
cwÎKvq G K_v¸‡jv G‡m‡Q| Avwg cieZx©Kv‡j mgq †c‡j GUv eje| Avwg †h K_vUv
me‡k‡l ej‡Z Pvw”QÑ e½eÜzi 7B gv‡P©i fvlYwU Avm‡j GKwU `xN©w`‡bi mvabvi GKwU
LyeB mswÿß A_P AZ¨šÍ MwZkxj GKwU iƒc| Ges Gi wcQ‡b wQj mg¯Í ai‡Yi AvMÖvmb
†_‡K gy³ GKwU bZzb ivóª KvVv‡gv MVb Kivi GK AwfcÖvq| abëv`|
(kvgmy¾vgvb Lvb m¤úvw`Z Ôe½eÜzi 7B gv‡P©i fvlY-GKwU †Mvj‡Uwej Av‡jvPbvÕ eB

†_‡K msKwjZ)
18
we‡k¦i †kÖôZg fvl‡Yi beZi e¨vL¨v
evsjvi cÖwZwU bi-bvixi 1971 mv‡ji 7 gv‡P©i fvl‡Yi gg©v_© ü`q½g Kiv DwPZ| wewfbœ
RvZxq wè‡m e½eÜzi fvlY evRv‡bv nq| gvbylRb Pjv‡div Ki‡Z Ki‡Z fvl‡Yi Ask
we‡kl ‡kv‡b| fvlY m¤úwK©Z wewfbœ †jLv‡jwL‡Z fvl‡Yi Ask we‡kl D×…Z Kiv nq|
Gfv‡e wewfbœ gva¨g †_‡K Avgv‡ì ZiæY cÖRb¥ fvl‡Yi gvÎ K‡qKwU jvBb evievi
ï‡b‡Q| wKš‘ m¤ú~Y© fvlYwU c‡o‡Q ev gb w`‡q ï‡b‡Q Kq Rb? ev¯ÍeZv n‡”Q LyeB Kg
msL¨K gvbyl m¤ú~Y© fvlYwU gb w`‡q ï‡b‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki Kq Rb QvÎ/QvÎxi fvlYwU
gyL¯’ Av‡Q?
16 †KvwU gvby‡li ‡`‡k 16 RbI m¤ú~Y© fvlYwU ûeû ej‡Z cvi‡e wKbv m‡›`n|
iex›`ªbv‡_i Ô`yB weNv RwgÕ KweZvwU eo n‡jI †hgb gyL¯’ Kiv hvq, GKB fv‡e e½eÜzi
7B gv‡P©i fvlYI gyL¯’ Kiv m¤¢e| wKš‘ mevi c‡ÿ m¤¢e bq| m¤¢e Zvi c‡ÿ, whwb
e½eÜz‡K ü`q w`‡q fvjev‡mb, e½eÜzi me©gvb‡ei gyw³i `k©b‡K AšÍ‡i jvjb K‡ib|
Ges whwb 7B gv‡P©i ‡cÖÿvcU Rv‡bb Ges ‡ev‡Sb, m‡ev©cwi whwb eyS‡Z mÿg nb †h, 7B
gv‡P©i fvlY eZ©gvb ev¯ÍeZvqI KZUv cÖvmw½K| 7B gv‡P©i fvlY †Kvb mvaviY fvlY bq|
GwU GKwU D”PZi ivR‰bwZK `k©b cªm~Z Abb¨ mvaviY ivR‰bwZK KweZv| Shelly Ges
Keats Gi KweZvi g‡Zv GwUI ü`q½g Kiv m¤¢e - hw` fvl‡Yi ggv©_© ü`q½g Kiv
m¤¢e nq|
A‡bK BwZnvmwe` e½eÜzi fvlY‡K wek¦ BwZnv‡mi K‡qKwU †kÖô fvl‡Yi GKwU wn‡m‡e
AwfwnZ K‡i‡Qb| †Kvb †Kvb BwZnvmwe` we‡k¦i wZbwU †kÖô fvl‡Yi GKwU wn‡m‡e
e½eÜzi fvlY‡K D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| Ab¨ 2wU fvlY wn‡m‡e Zvuiv Aveªvnvg wjsKb I PvwP©‡ji
fvlY‡K we‡kølY K‡i‡Qb| Zviv e½eÜzi fvlY‡K H 2R‡bi fvl‡Yi mv‡_ Zzjbv
K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ mZ¨ n‡”Q Gi wecixZ| Aveªvnvg wjsKb I PvwP©‡ji fvlY‡K e½eÜzi
fvl‡Yi mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i, wKš‘ e½eÜzi fvlY‡K †Kvbfv‡eB Zv‡ì fvl‡Yi
mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv hvq bv| wZbwU fvl‡Yi ivóªxq KvVv‡gv wQj wfbœ wfbœ| Aveªvnvg wjsKb I
PvwP©j e³e¨ w`‡qwQ‡jb ¯^vaxb †`‡ki ivóªbvqK wn‡m‡e| Avi e½eÜz e³e¨ w`‡qwQ‡jb
civaxb †`‡ki †bZv wn‡m‡e| Aveªvnvg wjsKb Zuvi wek¦ weL¨vZ †MwUmev‡M©i fvlY
w`‡qwQ‡jb M„nhy× weaŸ¯Í Av‡gwiKvb‡ì RvwZ MV‡b HKë× nIqvi Av‡e`b Rvwb‡q|
Avi PvwP©j weªwUk‡ì Rvg©vb d¨vwmó kw³‡K cÖwZnZ Ki‡Z DÏxß K‡iwQ‡jb| Avi e½eÜz
19
fvlYwU w`‡qwQ‡jb cvwK¯Ívb bvgK GKwU ¯^vaxb †`‡ki wfZ‡i †_‡K, †mB †`‡kiB GKwU
cÖ‡`k c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi ¯^vaxbZvi †KŠkjMZ †NvlYv w`‡q|
Zv‡ì e³…Zvi mgq Zv‡ì mvg‡b Kvgvb ZvK Kiv wQj bv| wKš‘ e½eÜzi e³‡eï mgq
e½eÜzi mvg‡b Kvgvb ZvK Kiv wQj| e½eÜz Rvb‡Zb Zvi e³e¨ hw` AvBb jsNb K‡i
Z‡e mv‡_ mv‡_ MYnZ¨v ïiæ n‡e| ZviciI wZwb †h ewjô I `„ß K‡É fvlY w`‡qwQ‡jb
Zvi Zzjbv wK Ab¨ †Kv‡bv ivóªbvq‡Ki e³‡eï mv‡_ n‡Z cv‡i?
wZwb Kvgv‡bi b‡ji mvg‡b `vuwo‡q e³e¨ mswÿß K‡ibwb| Zuvi fvlY wQj m¤ú~Y© fvlY|
8 gvP© †_‡K ivóª Kxfv‡e Pj‡e, hy× Kxfv‡e Pj‡e mewKQzi w`K wb‡`©kbv wZwb
w`‡qwQ‡jb| GwU †Kvb mvaviY gvby‡li c‡ÿ m¤¢e bq| GwU †Kej Ges †Kej gvÎ AwZ
AmvaviY ivóªbvq‡Ki c‡ÿB m¤¢e| GB Am¤¢e‡K m¤¢e Kivi ‡cQ‡b †hŠw³K Kvh©KviY
m¤úK© Aek¨B wQj| No smoke without fire. wZwb nVvr K‡i †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡bi
e³…Zv g‡Â D‡V e³…Zv †`qv ïiæ K‡ib wb| wZwb 1938 mvj †_‡K avivevwnKfv‡e cÖZ¨ÿ
ivRbxwZi mv‡_ hy³ wQ‡jb| wZwb †`‡L‡Qb Kxfv‡e jv‡nvi cÖ¯Íve Abymv‡i †`k wefvM bv
n‡q cÖeÂbvi gva¨‡g wRbœvni wØ-RvwZ ZË¡ Abymv‡i †`k wefvM n‡jv| wZwb 1948 †_‡K
1952 mvj ch©šÍ fvlv Av‡›`vj‡b †bZ…Z¡ w`‡q‡Qb|
1954 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b wZwb Rqhy³ n‡q wkí I evwYR¨ gš¿x n‡qwQ‡jb| cvwK¯Ívb miKvi
†mB 54 Gi hy³d«›U miKvi‡K Aíw`‡bi g‡a¨B Ab¨vqfv‡e eiLv¯Í K‡i| wZwb cÖZ¨ÿ
K‡i‡Qb 1958 †_‡K 1968 mv‡ji Avqye Lv‡bi mvgwiK kvmb| 1962 mv‡ji wkÿv
Av‡›`vj‡b wZwb †bZ…Z¡ w`‡q‡Qb | 1966 mv‡j HwZnvwmK 6 `dvi gva¨‡g wZwb c~e©
cvwK¯Ív‡bi c~Y© ¯^vqËkvm‡bi iæc‡iLv Zz‡j a‡ib| GB ¯^vqËkvm‡bi `vweB Kvjµ‡g
GK`dv GK `vex- ¯^vaxbZvi `vex‡Z iæcvšÍwiZ nq| 1968 mv‡j AvMiZjv lohš¿
gvgjvq Zuv‡K nZ¨vi †Póv Kiv nq| wKš‘ evsjvi RbMY 1969 mv‡ji †deªæqvwi‡Z e¨vcK
MY-Af~¨Ìv‡bi gva¨‡g Zv‡K gy³ K‡i wb‡q G‡m e½eÜy Dcvwa‡Z f~wlZ K‡ib| GiB
avivevwnKZvq 1970 mv‡ji mvaviY wbe©vP‡b Zvui `j evsjv‡`k AvIqvgx jxM wbi¼zm
msL¨vMwiôZv jvf K‡i| wbe©vP‡bi djvdj Abymv‡i Zvui nv‡Z ÿgZv n¯ÍvšÍi wQj LyeB
¯^vfvweK wbqgZvwš¿K welq | wKš‘ cvwK¯Ív‡bi ee©i miKvi `ywbqvi mKj wbqg-Kvbyb‡K
c``wjZ K‡i ÿgZv n¯ÍvšÍi bv Kivi †KŠkj wn‡m‡e 1 gv‡P©, 3 gv‡P©i Awa‡emb‡K ¯’wMZ
K‡i †`b|
`xN© 33 eQi hver e„wUk I ee©i cvwK¯Ívb miKv‡ii cÖeÂbvi cÖZ¨ÿ`kx© wn‡m‡e Zvui †h
ivR‰bwZK AwfÁZv, cÖÁv Ges Zvui g‡bi g‡a¨ †ÿv‡fi †h eviæ` Rgv n‡qwQj ZviB
we‡ùviY wZwb NwU‡qwQ‡jb †mw`b †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b| Zvui g‡b mwÂZ †ÿv‡fi eviæ‡ì
Kvi‡Y wZwb wbqš¿Y nvivbwb| †mRb¨B wZwb e½eÜz I wek¦eÜz Dcvax †c‡q‡Qb| mivmwi
20
¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYv †`qvi Rb¨, †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b hvevi c~‡e©, Zvui Dci QvÎmsMVbmn
me©¯Í‡ii RbMY Pvc m„wó K‡iwQj| ZrKvjxb QvÎ‡bZv †Zvdv‡qj Avn‡g`mn Pvi Rb
QvÎ‡bZv e½eÜzi mv‡_ †`Lv K‡i e‡jwQ‡jb, Ôe½eÜz Nothing short of
Independence.Õ (wmivRyj Bmjvg Lvb) e½eÜz e‡jwQ‡jb, ÔI am the leader of
the people.I will lead them, they will not lead me. †Zvgiv †Zvgv‡ì Kv‡R
hvI|Õ [kvgmy¾vgvb Lvb m¤úvw`Z Ôe½eÜzi 7B gv‡P©i fvlY-GKwU †Mvj‡Uwej Av‡jvPbvÕ-
c„ôv b¤î : 17|]
†mw`b hw` wZwb †KŠkjMZ hy× †NvlYv bv K‡i, mivmwi hy× †NvlYv Ki‡Zb Zvn‡j Kx
n‡Zv? Zvn‡j ïay XvKv kn‡iB Kgc‡ÿ `k jÿ gvbyl cvwK¯Ívbx †mbv‡ì ¸wj I †evgvi
AvNv‡Z knx` n‡Zb| e½eÜzi fvl‡Yi c~‡e© †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡bi Pvicv‡k cvwK¯Ívbxiv
U¨vsK-Kvgvbmn fvix hy×-A‡¯¿, iY-m¾vq mw¾Z wQj| GgbwK †evgviæ wegvbI cÖ¯‘Z
ivLv n‡qwQj| e½eÜz ïay hw` ej‡Zb AvR †_‡K evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb, Zvn‡j mv‡_ mv‡_
†`k‡`ªvnx wn‡m‡e e½eÜz‡K nZ¨v K‡i MYnZ¨v ïiæ n‡Zv 7 gv‡P©B| gyw³hy‡×i BwZnvm
cv‡ë †hZ| KviY wek¦ RbgZ ZLb cvwK¯Ív‡bi c‡ÿ _vKZ| bwP‡KZvi fvlvq- Ôivg hw`
†n‡i †hZ, ivgvqb †jLv n‡Zv| iveY †èZv nZ †mLv‡b|Õ GKBfv‡e 7B gv‡P© mivmwi
hy‡×i †NvlYv w`‡j gyw³hy‡× evsjv‡`‡ki civRq wQj Aek¨¤¢vex| ZLb †Mvjvg Avhg
n‡Zb †`k‡cÖwgK gnvb †bZv Avi e½eÜz n‡Zb †`k‡`ªvnx R½x †bZv|
25†k gvP© cvwK¯Ívbxiv MYnZ¨v ïiæi ci, †kL gywRe hLb ej‡jb AvR †_‡K evsjv‡`k
¯^vaxb, ZLb wek¦ RbgZ Zvui c‡ÿ wM‡q‡Q| KviY cÖ‡Z¨K RvwZiB Zvi AvZ¥wbqš¿Y
cÖwZôvi AwaKvi Av‡Q| e½eÜz 7B gv‡P© hy× †NvlYv K‡iwQ‡jb fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨, eZ©gv‡bi
Rb¨ bq| GB †h ivR‰bwZK Abb¨ †KŠkj, GB †h ivR‰bwZK cÖÁv,GB Kvi‡Y n‡jI
e½eÜzi fvlYB wek¦-BwZnv‡mi †kÖôZg fvlY, †m wel‡q †Kvb m‡›`n bvB|
wek¦-BwZnv‡m Avi †Kvb ivóªbvq‡Ki †Kvb fvlY wK Av‡Q,‡h fvl‡Yi gva¨‡g mgMÖ RvwZ
RvMÖZ n‡qwQj? e½eÜyi fvlYB GKgvÎ fvlY hvi gva¨‡g 7 †KvwU wbi¯¿ ev½vjx mm¯¿
†hv×vq iæcvšÍwiZ n‡q, GKwU civaxb †`k‡K ¯^vaxb K‡iwQj| gvÎ 18 wgwb‡Ui GKwU
fvl‡Yi gva¨‡g GZ eo AR©b wek¦ BwZnv‡m Avi bvB| ZvB m‡›`nvZxZfv‡e ejv hvq †h,
e½eÜzi 7B gv‡P©i fvlYB wek¦-BwZnv‡mi †kÖôZg fvlY|
wZwb e‡jwQ‡jb, ÔAvi hw` GKwU ¸jx P‡j, Avi hw` Avgvi †jvK‡K nZ¨v Kiv nq......
Ô‡Zvgiv N‡i N‡i `~M© M‡o ‡Zvj|Õ wZwb Av‡iv e‡jwQ‡jb, ÕAvwg hw` ûKzg †èvi bv-I
cvwi ..........|Õ A_©vr wZwb Rvb‡Zb Zuv‡K nZ¨v ev †MÖdZvi Kiv n‡e| hw` 26‡k gv‡P©i
e½eÜzi ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYv EPR Iqvi‡j‡m †Kvb Kvi‡Y cÖPvwiZ bv n‡Zv, Z‡e 7B gv‡P©i
21
wb‡`©kbv Abymv‡iB wK hy× PjZ bv? cÖK…Zc‡ÿ hy× wKšÍy P‡j‡Q 7B gv‡P©i wb‡`©kbv
Abymv‡iB|
e½eÜzi fvlY my`~i AZx‡Zi †Kvb KíKvwnbx bq- hv eZ©gvb ev¯ÍeZvq AcÖvmw½K| eis
eZ©gvb ev¯ÍeZvq e½eÜzi fvlY Av‡iv †ewk cÖvmw½K| †mw`b e½eÜzi fvlY mivmwi
ï‡bwQj 10 jÿ gvbyl| †eZvimn Ab¨vb¨ gva¨‡g ï‡b e½eÜzi gvbegyw³i `k©‡b
AbycÖvwYZ n‡q giY-cY hy‡× ‡Su‡c c‡owQj †KvwU RbZv| wZwb e‡jwQ‡jb- ÔAvR evsjvi
gvbyl gyw³ Pvq|Õ wZwb A_©‰bwZK, ivR‰bwZK I mvs¯‹…wZK gyw³i K_v e‡jwQ‡jb| †mB
wÎgvwÎK gyw³ wK AwR©Z n‡q‡Q?
GLbI DbœZ we‡k¦i A_©‰bwZK, ivR‰bwZK I mvs¯‹…wZK AvMÖvmb ‡_‡K Avgiv gy³ bB|
†`kx I AvšÍRv©wZK R½xev‡ì LoMZ‡j Avgv‡ì ms¯‹…wZ AvR g„ZcÖvq| igbv eUg~j mn
wewfbœ cÖMwZkxj Abyôv‡b †evgv nvgjvi Kvi‡Y GLbI gvbyl cÖMwZkxj Kg©Kv‡Û hy&³ n‡Z
fq cvq| gy³ wPšÍvi gvbyl gy³ g‡b wjL‡Z fq cvb| wKš‘ cÖMwZkxj ms¯‹…wZi weKvk Qvov
†Kvb †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK I ivR‰bwZK gyw³ Am¤¢e|
†mw`b e½eÜz `ytL fvivµvšÍ gb wb‡q e‡jwQ‡jb- 23 eQ‡ii KiæY BwZnvm| gyg~l©y
bibvixi AvZ©bv‡ì BwZnvm| AvR Avgv‡ì ‡`L‡Z n‡”Q 48 eQ‡ii KiæY BwZnvm| Gi
A_© GB bq †h, †`k ¯^vaxb n‡q †Kvb jvf nq wb| cvwK¯Ívb Avg‡ji 24 eQ‡i, c~e©
cvwK¯Ív‡bi GDP Gi cÖe„w× wQj k~b¨| ¯^vaxbZv cieZx© 40 eQ‡i evsjv‡`‡ki RbmsL¨v
e„w× †c‡q‡Q 2 ¸Y| Avi Lv`¨ Drcv`b e„w× †c‡q‡Q 3 ¸Y| As‡Ki wnmv‡e †`‡k †Kvb
Lv`¨ NvUwZ bvB| wKš‘ GLbI 1 †KvwU wkï bv †L‡q iv‡Z Nygv‡Z hvq| cÖvq AviI GK
†KvwU gvbyl wVK g‡Zv ‡L‡Z cvq bv| wRqvDi ingvb KZ…©K msweav‡bi 5g ms‡kvabxi
Kvi‡Y ivóª mgvRZvwš¿K eë¯’v †_‡K m‡i Av‡m| Gi d‡j m„ó Amg eÈb eë¯’vi
Kvi‡YB †`‡k Lv`¨ _vKv m‡Ë¡I, `yB †KvwU gvbyl †L‡Z cvq bv|
AvR †`‡ki cÖvq `k jÿ c_wkï Wv÷we‡b Lvevi ‡Lvu‡R Kvi Kvi‡Y? 1972- Gi
msweavb wbišÍi Kvh©Ki _vK‡j GB `k jÿ c_wkï m„wó n‡Zv bv| GB `k jÿ c_wkï I
`yB †KvwU ÿyavZ© gvbyl wRqvDi ingv‡bi 5g ms‡kvabxi cÖZ¨ÿ dj|
e½eÜz hw` `k jÿ gvby‡li mvg‡b fvlY w`‡q †KvwU RbZv‡K RvMÖZ K‡i, ee©i cvwK¯Ívwb
evwnbxi nvZ †_‡K ‡`k‡K gy³ Ki‡Z mÿg nb Z‡e Avgiv †Kb †KvwU RbZv‡K RvMÖZ
K‡i e½eÜzi me©gvb‡ei gyw³i `k©b ev¯Íevqb Ki‡Z cvi‡ev bv?
Avgvi `„p wek¦vm, e½eÜzi fvl‡Yi g½j cÖ`xc hw` `k jÿ ZiæY-cÖv‡Y cÖ¾¡wjZ nq, Z‡e
evsjvi AvKv‡k cyÄxf~Z R½xev‡ì Kv‡jv †gN `~ixf~Z n‡q b~Zb m~‡hv©`q n‡e mg‡qi
e¨vcvi gvÎ|
22
Declaration of Independence by
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
(Early hours of 26th March, 1971)
“This may be my last message, from today Bangladesh is
independent.I call upon the people of Bangladesh wherever you might
be and with whatever you have, to resist the army of occupation to
last. Your fight must go on until the last soldier of the Pakistan
occupation army is expelled from the soil of Bangladesh and final
victory is achieved.”
Abyev`: GUvB nq‡Zv Avgvi †kl evZv©, AvR †_‡K evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb| evsjv‡`‡ki RbMY,
†Zvgiv †h †hLv‡bB AvQ Ges hvi hv wKQz Av‡Q ZvB wb‡q me©kw³ w`‡q `Lj`vi
cvwK¯Ívbx ‰mbëvwnbx‡K cÖwZ‡iva Kivi Rb¨ Avwg †Zvgv‡ì Avnevb Rvbvw”Q| cvwK¯Ívb
`Lj`vi evwnbxi †kl ˆmb¨wU‡K evsjvi gvwU †_‡K weZvwoZ bv Kiv ch©šÍ Ges P~ovšÍ
weRq AwR©Z bv nIqv ch©šÍ hy× Pj‡e| (GB †NvlYv evsjv‡`‡ki me©Î Iqvi‡jm,
†Uwj‡dvb I †UwjMÖv‡gi gva¨‡g †cÖwiZ nq|)
Gi m‡½ m‡½B wZwb evsjvq wbgœwjwLZ GKwU ‡NvlYv cvVvb| ÔcvwK¯Ívb †mbvevwnbx
AZwK©Zfv‡e wcjLvbv BwcAvi NvwU ivRvievM cywjk jvBb AvµgY K‡i‡Q Ges kn‡ii iv¯Ívq
iv¯Ívq hy× Pj‡Q, Avwg we‡k¦i RvwZmg~‡ni Kv‡Q mvnv‡hï Av‡e`b K‡iwQ| Avgv‡ì
gyw³‡hv×viv exi‡Z¡i m‡½ gvZ…f~wg gy³ Kivi Rb¨ kÎæ‡ì m‡½ hy× Ki‡Q| me©kw³gvb Avjøvni
bv‡g Avcbv‡ì Kv‡Q Avgvi Av‡e`b I Av‡`k †`k‡K ¯^vaxb Kivi Rb¨ †kl i³we›`y _vKv
ch©šÍ hy× Pvwj‡q hvb| Avcbv‡ì cv‡k †m hy× Kivi Rb¨ cywjk, BwcAvi, †e½j †iwR‡g›U I
Avbmvi‡ì mvnvh¨ Pvb| †Kvb Av‡cvm bvB| Rq Avgv‡ì n‡eB| cweÎ gvZ…f~wg †_‡K †kl
kÎæ‡K weZvwoZ Kiæb| mKj AvIqvgx jxM †bZv-Kg©x Ges Ab¨vb¨ †`k‡cªwgK wcªq ‡jvK‡ì
Kv‡Q G msev` †cŠ‡Q w`b| Avjøvn& Avcbv‡ì g½j Kiæb| Rq evsjv|Õ
nvbv`vi cvwK¯Ívb evwnbxi weiæ‡× cªwZ‡iva hy‡× AskMªn‡Yi Rb¨ evOvwj mvgwiK I †emvgwiK
‡hv×v, QvÎ, kªwgK, K…lKmn me©¯Í‡ii RbM‡Yi cªwZ AvnŸvb Rvbvb| e½eÜyi GB AvnŸvb †eZvi
hš¿ gvidZ ZvrÿwYKfv‡e we‡kl eë¯’vq mviv‡`‡k cvVv‡bv nq| iv‡ZB GB evZ©v †c‡q PÆMÖvg,
Kywgjøv I h‡kvi †mbvwbev‡m evOvwj RIqvb I Awdmviiv cÖwZ‡iva M‡o ‡Zv‡jb| PÆMÖvg †eZvi
†K›`ª †_‡K e½eÜyi ‡NvlYv cÖPvi Kiv nq Mfxi iv‡Z| ¯^vaxbZvi ‡NvlYv †èvi Aciv‡a
cvwK¯Ívb †mbvevwnbx 1.30 wgwb‡U e½eÜy‡K avbgwÛi 32 bs evmfeb †_‡K †MªdZvi K‡i Zv‡K
†mbvwbev‡m wb‡q hvq| 26 gvP© Mfxi iv‡Z Zvu‡K e›`x Ae¯’vq cvwK¯Ívb wb‡q hvIqv nq| 26
gvP© †Rt Bqvwnqv GK fvl‡Y AvIqvgx jxM‡K wbwl× ‡NvlYv K‡i e½eÜy‡K †`k‡`ªvnx e‡j
AvL¨vwqZ K‡i |
23
¯^‡`k cÖZ¨veZ©b wè‡m e½eÜzi HwZnvwmK fvlY
(‡im‡Kvm© gq`vb, 10 Rvbyqvwi 1972)
(GB w`‡b e½eÜz ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡k cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡ib| G mgq jÿ jÿ RbZv Zv‡K
Af~Zc~e© m¤â©bv Rvbvq| †mB RbZvi D‡Ï‡k¨ e½eÜz XvKvi †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b GB fvlY
†`b|)
Avwg cÖ_‡g ¯§iY Kwi, Avgvi evsjv‡`‡ki QvÎ, kÖwgK, K…lK, eyw×Rxex, †mcvB, cywjk,
RbMY‡K, wn›`y-gymjgvb‡K nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q, Zv‡ì AvZ¥vi g½j Kvgbv K‡i Ges Zv‡ì
cÖwZ kÖ×v wb‡e`b K‡i Avwg Avcbv‡ì Kv‡Q `y-GKwU K_v ej‡Z PvB| Avgvi evsjv‡`k
AvR ¯^vaxb n‡q‡Q| Avgvi Rxe‡bi mva AvR c~Y© n‡q‡Q| Avgvi evsjvi gvbyl AvR gy³
n‡q‡Q| Avgvi evsjv ¯^vaxb _vK‡e| Avwg AvR e³…Zv Ki‡Z cvi‡ev bv| evsjvi †Q‡jiv,
Avgvi gv‡qiv, evsjvi K…lK, evsjvi kÖwgK, evsjvi eyw×Rxex hviv msMÖvg K‡i‡Q, Avwg
KvivMv‡i e›`x wQjvg, dvuwm Kv‡ó hvevi Rb¨ cÖ¯ÍyZ wQjvg, wKšÍy Avwg RvbZvg Avgvi
evOvwj‡K †KD `vevq ivL‡Z cvi‡e bv| Avgvi evsjvi ¯^vaxb n‡eB| Avwg Avgvi †mB †h
fv‡qiv hviv AvZ¥nywZ w`‡q‡Q, kwn` n‡q‡Q Zv‡ì Avwg kÖ×v wb‡e`b Kwi| Zv‡ì AvZ¥vi
gvM‡divZ Kvgbv Kwi|
AvR kZKiv, Avgvi g‡b n‡q‡Q cÖvq wÎk jÿ †jvK‡K †g‡i †d‡j †`qv n‡q‡Q evsjvq|
wØZxq gnvhy‡×I Ges cÖ_g gnvhy‡×I GZ †jvK, GZ mvaviY bvMwiK g„ZzëiY K‡i bvB,
kwn` nq bvB| hv Avgvi GB mvZ †KvwUi evsjv‡`‡k n‡q‡Q| Avwg RvbZvg bv Avcbv‡ì
Kv‡Q Avwg wd‡i Avm‡ev| ZvB Avwg Lvwj GKUv K_v e‡jwQjvg| †Zvgiv hw` Avgv‡K
†g‡i †d‡j `vI Avgvi AvcwË bvB| g„Zzï c‡i Avgvi jvkUv Avgvi evOvwji Kv‡Q w`‡q
w`‡qv| GB GKUv Aby‡iva †Zvgv‡ì Kv‡Q ivLjvg|
Avwg †gveviKev` RvbvB fviZe‡l©i cÖavbgš¿x kÖxgwZ Bw›ìv MvÜx‡K| Avwg †gveviKev`
RvbvB fviZe‡l©i RbmvaviY‡K| Avwg †gveviKev` RvbvB fviZe‡l©i mvgwiK evwnbx‡K|
24
Avwg †gveviKev` RvbvB ivwkqvi RbmvaviY‡K| Avwg †gveviKev` RvbvB weªwUk, Rvg©vwb,
d«vÝ me RvqMvq †h Mfb©‡g›U, RbmvaviY Av‡Q, Zv‡ì Avwg †gveviKev` RvbvB hviv
Avgv‡K mg_©b K‡i‡Q| Avwg †gveviKev` RvbvB Av‡gwiKvi RbmvaviY‡K| Avwg
†gveviKev` RvbvB wek^ `ywbqvi gRjyg RbmvaviY‡K hviv Avgvi GB gyw³ msMÖvg‡K
mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Q| Avgvi ej‡Z nq GK †KvwU †jvK GB evsjv‡`‡ki †_‡K Ni-evwo †Q‡o
fviZe‡l© AvkÖq wb‡qwQj| fvi‡Zi RbmvaviY wg‡mm Bw›ìv MvÜx Zv‡ì Lvevi w`‡q‡Q|
Zv‡ì‡K †gveviKev` Rvbv‡Z cvwi bvB| hviv Abïv mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Q, Zv‡ìI †gveviKev`
w`‡Z nq| Z‡e g‡b ivLv DwPZ evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb, mve©‡fŠg ivóª| evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb _vK‡e|
evsjv‡`k‡K †KD `vev‡Z cvi‡e bv| evsjvi g‡a¨ lohš¿ K‡i jvf bvB| Avwg e‡jwQjvg
hvevi Av‡M IevOvwj, Gevi †Zvgv‡ì msMÖvg ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg, Gevi †Zvgv‡ì msMÖvg
gyw³i msMÖvg, †Zvgiv ZvB K‡i‡Q| Avwg e‡jwQjvg N‡i N‡i `yM© M‡o ‡Zvj| †Zvgiv N‡i
N‡i `yM© M‡o Zz‡j msMÖvg K‡iQ| Avwg Avgvi mnKg©x‡ì †gveviKev` RvbvB| Avgvi eû
fvB, Avgvi eû Kg©x, Avgvi eû gv-‡evb, AvR `ywbqvq bvB| Zv‡ì Avwg †`L‡ev bv|
Avwg AvR evsjvi gvbyl‡K †`Ljvg, evsjvi gvwU‡K ‡`Ljvg, evsjvi AvKvk‡K †`Ljvg,
evsjvi AvenvIqv Abyfe Kijvg| evsjv‡K Avwg mvjvg RvbvB| Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv
†Zvgvq Avwg eo fv‡jvevwm| †Lv`v Zvi Rb¨B Avgv‡K †W‡K wb‡q G‡m‡Q|
Avwg Avkv Kwi, `ywbqvi mg¯Í iv‡óªi Kv‡Q Avgvi Av‡e`b †h, Avgvi iv¯Ív bvB, NvU bvB,
Avgvi RbM‡Yi Lvevi bvB, Avgvi gvbyl M„nnviv, me©nviv, Avgvi gvbyl c‡_i wfLvwi,
†Zvgiv Avgvi gvbyl‡K mvnvh¨ K‡iv| gvbeZvi LvwZ‡i Avwg †Zvgv‡ì Kv‡Q mvnvh¨ PvB|
`ywbqvi mg¯Í iv‡óªi Kv‡Q Avwg mvnvh¨ PvB| Avgvi evsjv‡`k‡K †Zvgiv wiKMbvBR Ki,
RvwZms‡N ¯’vb `vI| w`‡Z n‡e Dcvq bvB| w`‡Z n‡e| Avwg nvi gvb‡ev bv, Avgiv nvi
gvb‡Z Rvwb bv| KweMyiæ, Kwe¸iæ iex›`ªbv_ e‡jwQ‡jb, ÔmvZ †KvwU evOvjx‡i †n
e½Rbbx, †i‡L‡Qv evOvwj K‡i gvbyl K‡ivwb|Õ Kwe Myiæi wg_¨v K_v cÖgvY n‡q †M‡Q|
Avgvi evOvwj AvR gvbyl| Avgvi evOvwj †`wL‡q w`‡q‡Q `ywbqvi BwZnv‡m, `ywbqvi
25
BwZnv‡m ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖv‡g GZ †jvK AvZ¥ûwZ, GZ †jvK Rvb †`q bvB| ZvB Avwg ewj,
Avgvq `vevq ivL‡Z cviev bv|AvR †_‡K Avgvi Aby‡iva, AvR †_‡K Avgvi Av‡`k, AvR
†_‡K Avgvi nyKzg, fvB wn‡m‡e, †bZv wn‡m‡e bq, †cÖwm‡W›U wn‡m‡e bq, cÖavbgš¿x
wn‡m‡e bq| Avwg †Zvgv‡ì fvB, †Zvgiv Avgvi fvB| G ¯^vaxbZv Avgvi e¨_© n‡q hv‡e
hw` Avgvi evsjvi gvbyl †cU f‡i fvZ bv Lvq| GB ¯^vaxbZv Avgvi c~Y© n‡e bv hw`
evsjvi gv †ev‡biv Kvco bv cvq| G ¯^vaxbZv Avgvi c~Y© n‡e bv hw` G †`‡ki gvbyl hviv
Avgvi hyeK †kÖwY Av‡Q Zviv PvKwi bv cvq ev KvR bv cvq| gyw³evwnbx, QvÎ mgvR,
Kgx©evwnbx †Zvgv‡ì †gveviKev` RvbvB| †Zvgiv †Mwijv n‡qQ, †Zvgiv i³ w`‡qQ, i³
e„_v hv‡e bv, i³ e„_v hvq bvB| GKUv K_v, AvR †_‡K evsjvq †hb Avi Pzwi-WvKvwZ bv
nq| evsjvq †hb Avi jyUZivR bv nq| evsjvq †h ‡jv‡Kiv Av‡Q, Ab¨ †`‡ki †jvK,
cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi †jvK, evsjvq K_v e‡j bv| AvRI ejwQ †Zvgiv evOvwj n‡q hvI| Avi
Avgvi fvB‡ì ejwQ, Zv‡ì Ici nvZ Zz‡jv bv| Avgiv gvbyl, gvbyl fv‡jvevwm| Z‡e
hviv `vjvwj K‡i‡Q, hviv Avgvi †jvK‡ì N‡i Xz‡K nZ¨v K‡i‡Q, Zv‡ì wePvi n‡e Ges
kvw¯Í n‡e| wePv‡ii `vwqZ¡ evsjvi ¯^vaxb miKv‡ii nv‡Z †Q‡o ‡`b, GKRb‡KI ÿgv Kiv
n‡e bv| Z‡e, Avwg PvB ¯^vaxb †`‡k ¯^vaxb bvMwi‡Ki g‡Zv ¯^vaxb Av`vj‡Z wePvi n‡q
G‡ì kvw¯Í n‡e| Avcbviv, Avwg †`Lvq wèvi PvB `ywbqvi Kv‡Q †h kvwšÍc~Y© evOvwj i³
w`‡Z Rv‡b, kvwšÍc~Y© evOvwj kvwšÍ eRvq ivL‡ZI Rv‡b| Avgv‡i Avcbviv †c‡q‡Qb Avwg
AvmwQ| RvbZvg bv Avgvi dvuwmi nKzg n‡q †M‡Q| Avgvi †m‡ji cv‡k Avgvi Rb¨ Kei
†Lvuov n‡qwQj| Avwg cÖ¯ÍyZ n‡qwQjvg, e‡jwQjvg, Avwg evOvwj, Avwg gvbyl, Avwg
gymjgvb, GKevi g‡i `yBevi g‡i bv| Avwg e‡jwQjvg, Avgvi g„Zz¨ AvB‡m _v‡K hw`
Avwg nvm‡Z nvm‡Z hv‡ev, Avgvi evOvwj RvZ‡K Acgvb K‡i hv‡ev bv, ‡Zvgv‡ì Kv‡Q
ÿgv PvB‡ev bv Ges hvevi mgq e‡j hv‡ev Rq evsjv, ¯^vaxb evsjv, evOvwj Avgvi RvwZ,
evsjv Avgvi fvlv, evsjvi gvwU Avgvi ¯’vb| fvB‡qiv Avgvi, h‡_ó KvR c‡o i‡q‡Q|
Avcbviv Rv‡bb Avwg mg¯Í RbmvaviY‡K ej‡Z PvB †hLv‡b iv¯Ív †f‡O †M‡Q wb‡RivB
iv¯Ív Ki‡Z ïiæ K‡i `vI| Avwg PvB Rwg‡Z hviv avb eybvI| me Kg©Pvix‡ì e‡j wèvi
26
PvB GKRbI Nym Lv‡eb bv| g‡b ivL‡eb ZLb my‡hvM wQj bv| Avwg †`vl ÿgv Ki‡ev
bv| fvB‡qiv Avgvi hvevi mgq hLb Avgv‡K †MÖdZvi K‡i wb‡q hvq ZvRDwÏb, bRiæj
Giv Avgvi Kv‡Q hvq| Avwg e‡jwQjvg mvZ †KvwU evOvwji mv‡_ Avgv‡K gi‡Z †` †Zviv|
Avwg Avkxev©` KiwQ| ZvRDwÏbiv Kvu`wQj, †Zviv P‡j hv, msMÖvg Kwim, Avgvi AvZ¥v
iBj, Avwg GB evwo‡Z gi‡Z PvB, GB n‡e evsjvi RvqMv, GB kn‡i Avwg gi‡Z PvB|
I‡ì Kv‡Q gv_v bZ Ki‡Z Avwg cvi‡ev bv|
fvB‡qiv Avgvi, W±i Kvgvj‡K wb‡q wZb gvm ch©šÍ †mLv‡b B›Uv‡iv‡Mkb K‡i‡Q gywR‡ei
weiæ‡× mvÿx `vI| K‡qKRb evOvwj Avgvi weiæ‡× mvÿx w`‡q‡Q| Zv‡ì Avgiv Rvwb
Ges wPwb| Zv‡ì wePvi n‡e| AvR Avwg e³„Zv Ki‡Z cviwQ bv| Avcbviv eyS‡Z cv‡ib|
Ôbg bg bg my›ìx gg, Rbbx Rb¥f~wg, M½vi Zxi w¯œ» mgxi, Rxeb Ryov‡j Zzwg|Õ Avgvi
Rxeb AvR hLb Avwg XvKvq bvgwQ| ZLb Avwg †Pv‡Li cvwb ivL‡Z cvwi bvB| Avwg
RvbZvg bv, †h gvwU‡K Avwg GZ fv‡jvevwm, †h gvbyl‡K Avwg GZ fv‡jvevwm, †h RvZ‡K
Avwg GZ fv‡jvevwm, †h evsjv‡`k‡K Avwg GZ fv‡jvevwm, †mB evsjvq Avwg †h‡Z
cvi‡ev wKbv? AvR Avwg evsjv‡`‡k wd‡i G‡mwQ, Avgvi fvB‡ì Kv‡Q, Avgvi gvÕ‡ì
Kv‡Q, Avgvi †evb‡ì Kv‡Q, evsjv Avgvi ¯^vaxb evsjvi gvbyl AvR Avgvi ¯^vaxb|
Avwg cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi fvB‡ì ewj, †Zvgiv my‡L _v‡Kv, †Zvgv‡ì cÖwZ Avgv‡ì N„Yv
bvB| †Zvgv‡ì Avgiv kÖ×v Ki‡Z ‡Póv Ki‡ev| †Zvgvi mvgwiK evwnbxi †jv‡Kiv hv
K‡i‡Q, Avgvi gv-‡ev‡bi Ici †ic K‡i‡Q|Avgvi 30jÿ †jvK‡K †g‡i †d‡j w`‡q‡Q|
hvI my‡L _v‡Kv| †Zvgvi my‡L _v‡Kv| †Zvgv‡ì m‡½ Avi bv|‡kl n‡q †M‡Q| †Zvgiv
¯^vaxb _v‡Kv| AvwgI ¯^vaxb _vwK| †Zvgv‡ì m‡½ Avgvi ¯^vaxb †`‡ki bvMwiK wn‡m‡e
eÜzZ¡ n‡Z cv‡i; ZvQvov eÜz n‡Z cv‡i bv| Z‡e hviv Ab¨vq K‡i‡Q Zv‡ì m¤^‡Ü h‡_ó
eë¯’v Kiv n‡e| Avcbv‡ì Kv‡Q Avwg ÿgv PvB|Avi GKw`b Avwg e³…Zv Ki‡ev, wKQzw`b
c‡i GKUy my¯’ n‡q jB| Avcbviv †`L‡Z cv‡”Qb Avwg †mB gywRei GLb Avi bvB|
Avgvi evsjvi w`‡K PvB‡jB †`‡Lb mgvb n‡q †M‡Q RvqMv, MÖvg MÖvg †cvovq w`‡q‡Q|
27
Ggb †KvbI Ni bvB hvi g‡a¨ Avgvi †jvK‡ì nZ¨v Kiv nq bvB| KZ eo Kvcyiæl †h
wbivciva gvbyl‡K Gfv‡e nZ¨v K‡i mvgwiK evwnbxi †jv‡Kiv| Avi Zviv e‡j wK Avgiv
cvwK¯Ív‡bi gymjgvb mvgwiK evwnbx| N„Yv Kiv DwPZ, Zv‡ì Rvbv DwPZ `ywbqvi g‡a¨
B‡›`v‡bwkqvi c‡i GB evsjv‡`‡kB wØZxq ¯’vb gymwjg Kvw›Uª| gymjgvb msL¨vq †ewk;
wØZxq ¯’vb| Avi BwÛqv Z…Zxq ¯’vb, Avi cwðg cvwK¯Ívb PZz_© ¯’vb| Avgiv gymjgvb,
gymjgvb gv-‡evb‡ì †ic K‡i| Avgiv gymjgvb! Avgvi iv‡óª GB evsjv‡`‡k n‡e
mgvRZš¿ eë¯’v| GB evsjv‡`k n‡e MYZš¿| GB evsjv‡`‡k n‡e ag©wbi‡cÿ ivóª| hviv
Rvbv‡Z Pvb, Avwg e‡j wèvi PvB, Avmvi mgq w`wjø‡Z kÖxgwZ Bw›ìv MvÜxi m‡½ †h me
Av‡jvPbv n‡q‡Q| Avwg Avcbv‡ì ej‡Z cvwi †h, Avwg Rvwb Zv‡K, Zv‡K Avwg kÖ×v
Kwi| †m cwÛZ †b‡niæi Kb¨v, †m gwZjvj †b‡niæi †Q‡ji †g‡q| Zviv ivRbxwZ K‡i‡Q,
Z¨vM K‡i‡Q| Zviv AvR‡K †mLv‡b fvi‡Zi cÖavbgš¿x n‡q‡Q| †hw`b Avwg ej‡ev,
†mBw`b fvi‡Zi ˆmb¨ evsjv ‡Q‡o P‡j hv‡e Ges wZwb Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í wKQz wKQz mivq
wb‡”Qb| Z‡e †h mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Qb, Avwg Avgvi mvZ †KvwU `ytLx evOvwji cÿ †_‡K BwÜiv
MvÜx‡K, Zvi miKvi‡K, fvi‡Zi RbmvaviY‡K, †gveviKev` RvbvB| AšÍ‡ii AšÍ¯’j
†_‡K Zv‡K abëv` RvbvB| e¨w³MZfv‡e Ggb †KvbI ivóª cÖavb bvB hvi Kv‡Q wZwb
Avwcj K‡i bvB †h, †kL gywRe‡K †Q‡o `vI| wZwb wb‡R e¨w³MZfv‡e `ywbqvi mKj
iv‡óªi Kv‡Q e‡j‡Qb, †Zvgiv Bqvwnqv Lvb‡K e‡jv †kL gywRe‡K †Q‡o †Ìqvi Rb¨|
GKUv ivR‰bwZK mwjDkb Kivi Rb¨| 1 †KvwU †jvK gvZ…f~wgi gvqv Z¨vM K‡i Ab¨ †`‡k
P‡j †M‡Q| Ggb A‡bK †`k Av‡Q †hLv‡b †jvK msL¨v 10 jvL, 15 jvL, 20 jvL, 30
jvL, 40 jvL, 50 jvL| kZKiv 60Uv ivóª Av‡Q hvi RbmsL¨v 1 †KvwUi Kg| Avi Avgvi
evsjv †_‡K 1 †KvwU †jvK gvZ…f~wg Z¨vM K‡i fvi‡Z ¯’vb wb‡qwQj| KZ †jvK †mLv‡b
Amy¯’ Ae¯’vq gviv †M‡Q| KZ †jvK bv †L‡q †L‡q Kó †c‡q‡Q| KZ †jv‡Ki Ni R¦vwj‡q
w`‡q‡Q GB cvl‡Ûi `j| ÿgv K‡iv Avgvi fvB‡qiv ÿgv K‡iv| AvR Avgvi KviI
weiæ‡× cÖwZwnsmv bvB| GKUv gvbyl‡K †Zvgiv wKQz ej bv| Ab¨vq †h K‡i‡Q Zv‡K mvRv
†è| AvBb k„•Ljv †Zvgv‡ì nv‡Z Zz‡j wbI bv| gyw³evwnbxi hyeiKiv, †Zvgiv Avgvi
28
mvjvg MÖnY K‡iv| QvÎ mgvR, †Zvgiv Avgvi mvjvg MÖnY K‡iv, kÖwgK mgvR, †Zvgiv
Avgvi mvjvg MÖnY K‡iv, K…lK mgvR, †Zvgiv Avgvi mvjvg MÖnY K‡iv| evsjvi nZfvM¨
wn›`y gymjgvb Avgvi mvjvg MÖnY K‡iv| Avi Avgvi Kg©Pvix, cywjk, wewWAvi, BwcAvi,
hv‡ì Ici †gwkbMvb Pvwj‡q †`qv n‡q‡Q| hviv gv-‡evb Z¨vM K‡i cvwj‡q wM‡q‡Q| Zvi
¯¿x‡ì‡K †MÖdZvi K‡i Kzwg©‡Uvjv wb‡q hvIqv n‡q‡Q †Zvgv‡ì mKj‡K Avwg mvjvg
RvbvB, †Zvgv‡ì mKj‡K Avwg kÖ×v RvbvB| bZyb K‡i M‡o DV‡e GB evsjv| evsjvi
gvbyl nvm‡e, evsjvi gvbyl †Lj‡e, evsjvi gvbyl gy³ nIqvq evm Ki‡e, evsjvi gvbyl †cU
f‡i fvZ Lv‡e, GB Avgvi Rxe‡bi mvabv, GB Avgvi Rxe‡bi Kvg¨| Avwg †hb GB †`‡k
GB wPšÍv K‡iB gi‡Z cvwi| GB †`vqv GB Avk©xev` Avcbviv Avgv‡K Ki‡eb| GB K_v
e‡j Avcbv‡ì KvQ †_‡K we`vq †bevi PvB| Avgvi mnKg©x‡ì mKj‡K Avwg abëv`
RvbvB, hviv Avgvi, hv‡ì‡K Avwg †h K_v e‡j wMwQjvg Zviv mK‡jB GLv‡b Av‡Q| Zviv
GKRb GKRb K‡i Zv cÖgvY K‡i w`‡q‡Q †h gywRe fvB e‡j †M‡Q †Zvgiv msMÖvg K‡iv,
†Zvgiv ¯^vaxb K‡iv, †Zvgiv Rvb `vI, evsjvi gvbyl‡K gy³ K‡iv, Avgvi Rb¨ wPšÍv K‡iv
bv, Avwg Pjjvg, hw` wd‡i Avwm Avwg Rvwb wd‡i Avm‡Z cvi‡ev bv, wKšÍy Avjøvn& Av‡Q|
ZvB AvR Avwg Avcbv‡ì Kv‡Q wd‡i G‡mwQ| †Zvgv‡ì Avwg, Avgvi mnKg©xiv,
†Zvgv‡ì Avwg †gveviKev` RvbvB| Avwg Rvwb Kx Kó ‡Zvgiv K‡iQ| Avwg KvivMv‡i
e›`x wQjvg| bq gvm ch©šÍ Avgv‡K KvMR †`qv nq bvB| G K_v mZ¨, Avmvi mgq fz‡Æv
mv‡ne Avgv‡K e‡jwQ‡jb, †kL mv‡ne †Póv K‡ib `yB As‡ki †KvbI GKUv evuab ivLv
hvq wK-bv| Avwg ejjvg, Avwg wKQz ej‡Z cvwi bv, Avwg †Kv_vq AvwQ Rvwb bv| Avgvi
evsjv, Avgvi gvwU‡Z †h‡q Avwg ej‡ev| AvR ejwQ fz‡Æv mv‡ne, my‡L _v‡Kv, evuab Qz‡U
†M‡Q| Zzwg hw` †KvbI we‡kl kw³i m‡½ †Mvcb civgk© K‡i Avgvi evsjvi ¯^vaxbZv niY
Ki‡Z PvI, Gevi g‡b †i‡Lv, Gevi †bZ…Z¡ †`‡e †kL gywReyi ingvb, g‡i hv‡ev, ¯^vaxbZv
nviv‡Z Qvo †`‡ev bv| fvB‡qiv Avgvi, Avgvi 4 jÿ evOvwj Av‡Q cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b|
Avwg Zv‡ì Aby‡iva Ki‡ev, Zv‡ì GKUv wRwbm Avwg ej‡Z PvB, †Zvgv‡ì GcÖæfvj
wb‡q Avgvi mnKg©xiv, B›Uvib¨vkbvj †dviv‡g, RvwZms‡Ni ZË¡veav‡b, A_ev Iqvì
29
RywimwWKk‡bi cÿ †_‡K GKUv Bb‡Kvqvwi n‡Z n‡e, †h Kx cvkweK AZ¨vPvi, Kxfv‡e
nZ¨v K‡i‡Q Avgv‡ì ‡jvK‡ì, G mZ¨ `ywbqvi gvby‡K Rvbv‡Z n‡e| Avwg `vwe Ki‡ev
RvwZmsN‡K, wnDg¨vb ivBUm‡K, evsjv‡`k‡K Avmb `vI Ges GKwU Bb‡Kvqvwi K‡iv|
fvB‡qiv Avgvi, hw` †KD †Póv K‡ib fzj Ki‡eb| Avwg Rvwb lohš¿ †kl nq bvB|
mveavb evOvwjiv, lohš¿ †kl nq bvB| GKw`b e‡jwQjvg N‡i N‡i `yM© ˆZwi K‡iv,
e‡jwQjvg? e‡jwQjvg hvi hv Av‡Q ZvB wb‡q hy× K‡iv, e‡jwQjvg? e‡jwQjvg G msMÖvg
¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg, G msMÖvg gyw³i msMÖvg, GB RvqMvq| 7B gvP© Zvwi‡L| AvR e‡j
hvw”Q, †Zvgiv wVK _v‡Kv, GKZve× _v‡Kv| KviI K_v ï‡bv bv| BbkvAvjøvn& ¯^vaxb hLb
n‡qwQ, ¯^vaxb _vK‡ev| GKRb gvbyl GB evsjv‡`‡k †eu‡P _vK‡Z †KD Avgv‡ì ¯^vaxbZv
†K‡o wb‡Z cvi‡e bv|
AvR Avwg Avi e³…Zv Ki‡Z cviwQ bv| GKUz my¯’ n‡j Avevi e³…Zv Ki‡ev| Avcbviv
Avgv‡K gvd K‡i †`b| Avcbviv Avgv‡i †`vqv K‡ib| Avcbviv Avgv‡i †`vqv Ki‡eb|
Avcbviv Avgvi mv‡_ mK‡j AvR‡K GKUv †gvbvRvZ K‡ib,---------------------
Avjøvny¤§v Avwgb|
Rq evsjv
Rq evsjv
Rq evsjv
evsjv‡`k fviZ-fvB fvB
kwn‡ì ¯§„wZ-Agi nDK,
¯^vaxb evsjv‡`k-wR›`vev`|
hw` wZwb bv Avm‡Zb?

‡gvt Rvnv½xi Av‡jvg
30
hw` gywRebMi miKvi h_vh_ `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Z e¨_© n‡Zb A_ev fviZ miKvi mwVK
KyU‰bwZK ZrciZv Pvjv‡Z e¨_© n‡Zb Z‡e Aek¨B cvwK¯Ívb e½eÜz‡K nZ¨v KiZ| 10
Rvbyqvwi‡Z wZwb bv Avm‡j Kx n‡Zv Zv wb‡q M‡elYv nIqv DwPZ| Z‡e mnRfv‡e ejv
hvq, wZwb bv Avm‡j evsjv‡`k bq gv‡m ¯^vaxb n‡Zv bv| †`wi‡Z ¯^vaxb n‡j cÖvYnvwb I
aŸsmhÁ Av‡iv A‡bK †ewk n‡Zv| wZwb bv Avm‡j fviZxq †mbvevwnbx AZ ZvovZvwo
†hZ bv| Zviv PvB‡jI †h‡Z †`qv n‡Zv bv| gywReevwnbx I gywRebMi miKv‡ii g‡a¨ ØÜ
Pig AvKvi aviY KiZ| GgbwK gywRebMi miKv‡ii g‡aÏ AšÍØ©Ü weivR KiwQj| ZvB
RvZxq msnwZi cÖZxK wn‡m‡e, wZwb hw` bv Avm‡Z cvi‡Zb, Z‡e †`‡k M„nhy× wQj
Aek¨¤¢vex| K‡½v, †mvgvwjqv ev AvdMvwb¯Ív‡bi g‡Zv †MvôxMZ bv n‡jI `jMZ msNl©
wQj Awbevh©| d‡j AvR‡Ki evsjv‡`k n‡Zv BivK ev AvdMvwb¯Ívb| hy×weaŸ¯Í †`‡k hw`
Avevi M„nhy× ïiæ n‡Zv Z‡e Kxn‡Zv? nvbvnvwb i³cvZ †ivM-‡kvK Abvnvi-Aa©vnv‡i
KZ‡jv‡Ki cÖvYnvbx n‡Zv? msL¨vwU nq‡Zv Av‡iv 30 jÿ‡K AwZµg KiZ| GB my‡hv‡M
nq‡Zv fviZxq evwnbx †_‡K †h‡Z PvB‡Zv A_ev Zv‡ì _vK‡Z ejv n‡Zv gywRi bMi
miKvi‡K cvnviv †`qvi Rb¨| ZviciI gywRebMi miKvi cwiw¯’wZ mvgvj w`‡Z cviZ wK
bv Zv M‡elYvi welq| 7B gv‡P©i fvlY wek¦BwZnv‡mi †kÖôZg fvlY| GB fvlY wb‡q
A‡bK Av‡jvPbv n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ 10 Rvbyqvwii fvlY wb‡q †Kvb Av‡jvPbv Avgvi †Pv‡L
c‡owb| wKš‘ 2wU fvlYB wQj AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| 1g fvl‡Y wZwb †kvlY-wbh©vZ‡bi
APjvqZb fvOvi wb‡`©k w`‡qwQ‡jb| Avi 2q fvl‡Y wZwb ivóª I RvwZ MV‡bi iƒc‡iLv
cÖ`vb K‡iwQ‡jb| 2wU fvlYB wQj mswÿß I AwjwLZ| 2wU fvlYB Zuvi AmvaviY
`~i`„wói cwiPq enb K‡i| bq gvm e›`x †_‡K gy³ n‡q wZwb †h fvlY w`‡qwQ‡jb, Zv‡Z
†evSvi Dcvq bvB †h wZwb evOvwj †_‡K wew”Qbœ wQ‡jb| Zvui Z_v ï‡b g‡b nw”Qj wZwb
hy‡×i gq`v‡b Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb| Gi KviY Kx? cÖ_gZ, evsjv‡`k wQj Zuvi Aw¯ÍZ¡msjMœ,
ZvB wew”Qbœ †_‡KI wZwb AšÍi †_‡K wew”Qbœ wQ‡jb bv| Avi wØZxqZ, wZwb wQ‡jb cÖLi
AšÍ`©„wó I `~i`„wó m¤úbœ GK gnvgvbe|
31
‡mw`b wZwb RvwZMVb I ivóªMV‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ †h e³e¨ w`‡qwQ‡jb, †mUvB cÖgvY K‡i wZwb
mwZ¨B cig †hvM¨Zg RvwZi RbK| wZwb e‡jwQ‡jb ÔAvR †_‡K evsjvq †hb Avi Pzwi-
WvKvwZ bv nq| evsjvq †hb Avi jyUZivR bv nq| evsjvq †h ‡jv‡Kiv Av‡Q, Ab¨ †`‡ki
†jvK, cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi †jvK, evsjvq K_v e‡j bv| AvRI ejwQ †Zvgiv evOvwj n‡q
hvI| Avi Avgvi fvB‡ì ejwQ, Zv‡ì Ici nvZ Zz‡jv bv| Avgiv gvbyl, gvbyl
fv‡jvevwm| Z‡e hviv `vjvwj K‡i‡Q, hviv Avgvi †jvK‡ì N‡i Xz‡K nZ¨v K‡i‡Q, Zv‡ì
wePvi n‡e Ges kvw¯Í n‡e| wePv‡ii `vwqZ¡ evsjvi ¯^vaxb miKv‡ii nv‡Z †Q‡o ‡`b,
GKRb‡KI ÿgv Kiv n‡e bv| Z‡e, Avwg PvB ¯^vaxb †`‡k ¯^vaxb bvMwi‡Ki g‡Zv ¯^vaxb
Av`vj‡Z wePvi n‡q G‡ì kvw¯Í n‡e| Avcbviv, Avwg †`Lvq wèvi PvB `ywbqvi Kv‡Q †h
kvwšÍc~Y© evOvwj i³ w`‡Z Rv‡b, kvwšÍc~Y© evOvwj kvwšÍ eRvq ivL‡ZI Rv‡b|Õ Avi ZvB
†Zv Zuvi AvMg‡b Aek¨¤¢vex M„nhy× †_‡g †M‡Q, fviZxq ˆmb¨ `ªæZ wd‡i †M‡Q| wZwb
†hfv‡e †`k MV‡b AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡i Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨ w¯’wZkxjZv wdwi‡q G‡bwQ‡jb, Zv
Ab¨ †Kvb †bZvi c‡ÿ m¤¢e wQj bv| wZwb AvšÍR©vwZK A½‡b evsjv‡`k‡K m¤§vbRbK
Avm‡b Avmxb K‡iwQ‡jb| AvR wZwb kZel©x n‡j evsjv‡`k gvj‡qwkqv‡K bq, Rvcvb‡K
Qvwo‡q †h‡Zv| KviY Rvcv‡bi ‡h me cÖvK…wZK cÖwZeÜKZv Av‡Q evsjv‡`‡ki Zv †bB|
evsjv‡`‡ki gvwU De©i, gvbyl cwikÖgx, AvenvIqv bvwZkx‡Zvò-ïay m¤¢vebv Avi m¤¢vebv|
†mB gnvgvbe RvwZi RbK‡K hviv ÿgZvi †jv‡f nZ¨v K‡i‡Q Zviv wK bicï bq? Avi
†mB bicï‡ì hviv mg_©b K‡i, Zviv wK AwaKZi bicï bq?
32
cÖ_g ivóªxq md‡i fvi‡Z e½eÜzi fvlY
(KjKvZv, 8†deªæqvwi, 1972)
gnvb †bZv kªxgZx MvÜx, Avgvi fvB I †ev‡biv,
Avcbv‡ì Avwg mv‡o mvZ ‡KvwU evOvwj‡ì cÿ †_‡K ï‡f”Qvi evYx enb K‡i wb‡q
G‡mwQ, K…ZÁZvi evYx enb K‡i G‡bwQ| Avcbviv Rv‡bb †h, mvZ †KvwU evOvwj wKfv‡e
¯^vaxbZv msMÖvg K‡i‡Q| cvwK¯Ív‡bi bicïi `j cvwK¯Ívb mvgwiK evwnbxi `j Avgvi
mvZ ‡KvwU gvby‡li Ici †h AZ¨vPvi K‡i‡Q `ywbqvi BwZnv‡m Avi †Kvb RvqMv‡Z Zvi
Zzjbv nq bv| AvR Avgvi MÖv‡g MÖv‡g M„nnvivi AvZ©bv`| AvR Avgvi MÖv‡g MÖv‡g me©nvivi
AvZ©bv`| AvR Avgvi gvbyl c‡_i wfLvix| AvR Avgvi gv-‡evb‡ì B¾Z bó Kiv
n‡q‡Q| Avgvi Ni evwo R¡vwj‡q w`‡q‡Q| Avgvi 1 †KvwU †jvK †`k Z¨vM K‡i fvi‡Z
Avkªq wb‡qwQ‡jv, †mw`b hw` kªxgZx Bw›ìv MvÜx Avcbv‡ì gnvb †bZv, fvi‡Zi
RbmvaviY, cwðg e‡½i RbmvaviY, wÎcyivi RbmvaviY, †gNvj‡qi RbmvaviY, Avmv‡gi
RbmvaviY Zv‡ì ¯’vb bv w`‡Zv, Zv‡ì Lvevi bv w`‡Zv, Zv‡ì Avkªq bv w`‡Zv, Zv‡ì
mvšÍbv bv w`‡Zv, Zv‡ì Ae¯’v Kx n‡Zv, Avwg hw` K…ZÁZv cÖKvk Kwi Zvn‡j kªxgZx
MvÜx, Ab¨vq Kiv n‡e, Avwg Avcbv‡ì kª×v Rvbv‡Z cvwi Gi †ewk Rvbv‡Z cvwi bv|
Avcbv‡ì GB `vb †Kvb w`b Avgiv †kva Ki‡Z cvie bv| ¯^vaxbZv †c‡qwQ, e‡ov i‡³i
wewbg‡q †c‡qwQ, G‡Zv i³ †Kvb RvwZ, †Kvb †`‡k †Kvbw`b †`q bvB hv Avgvi
evsjv‡`‡ki gvbyl w`‡q‡Q| bv n‡jI wÎk jÿ †jvK Rxeb w`‡q‡Q| kZKiv 40 Lvbv Ni
Avgvi evsjv‡`‡k R¡vwj‡q †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| Kvdz© AvBb Rvwi K‡i Avgvi Ávbx¸Yx,
êÁvwbK, wkÿvwe`‡ì nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avgvi 1 †KvwU †jvK Ni-evwo †Q‡o fvi‡Z
Avkªq wb‡q‡Q| Avgvi mnKgx©iv Avcbv‡ì `yqv‡i G‡m‡Q, Avcbv‡ì Kv‡Q †_‡K Rv‡bi
f‡q‡Z msMÖvg Kivi Rb¨| msMÖvg Zviv K‡i‡Q| gvby‡li g‡Zv msMÖvg K‡i‡Q| Avwg
Zv‡ì hvIqvi mgq A¯¿ w`‡Z cvwi bvB| Avgv‡K hLb †MÖßvi K‡i wb‡q hvIqv nq Avwg
RvbZvg bv Avwg gvZ…f~wg‡Z wd‡i Avm‡Z cvie wKbv| wKš‘ Avgvi gvbyl‡K Avwg e‡j
wM‡qwQjvg msMÖvg Pvwj‡q hvIqvi Rb¨, Avgvi K_v Zviv †i‡L‡Q| MZ 7 B gvP© Zvwi‡L
Avwg RvbZvg ˆckvwPK evwnbx Avgvi gvby‡li Dci AvµgY Ki‡e|
Avwg e‡jwQjvg ÔAvwg hw` ûKyg †èvi bv cvwi †Zvgiv N‡i N‡i `yM© ˆZqvi K‡ivÕ Avwg
e‡jwQjvg Ôhv wKQy Av‡_ ZvB wb‡q kÎæi †gvKv‡ejv K‡ivÕ| Avwg e‡jwQjvg, Ô Gev‡ii
msMÖvg gyw³i msMÖvg, Gev‡ii msMÖvg ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg|Õ Avgvi †jv‡Kiv RvwZ ag©
wbwe©‡k‡l e„× †_‡K evjK ch©šÍ mK‡j msMÖvg K‡i‡Q| †m msMÖv‡g Kvwgqve n‡Z cviZvg
33
bv hw` fvi‡Zi RbmvaviY, fvi‡Zi miKvi, fvi‡Zi mvgwiK evwnbx Avi kªxgZx MvÜxi
†bZ…‡Z¡ GwM‡q bv AvmZ| Avwg Avcbv‡ì K…ZÁZv RvbvB| Avwg Avcbvi‡ì ï‡f”Qv
RvbvB| Avgvi †èvi g‡Zv wKQyB bvB| ïay Avwg GBUzKz w`‡Z cvwi Ôwbt¯^ Avwg, wi³ Avwg
†èvi wKQy bvB, Av‡Q ïay fvjevmv w`jvg ïay ZvB|Ó
fvB‡qiv Avgvi, Avgv‡ì G msMÖvg AvR †_‡K ïiæ nq bvB| Avcbv‡ì wbðqB
Rvbv Av‡Q| KjKvZvi K_v ejwQ| GB RvqMvi Avwg †jLvcov K‡iwQ| GB gvwUi m‡½
Avgvi m¤^Ü eû w`‡bi wQ‡jv| wKš‘ Avgiv hwÌ `yÕ†`k n‡qwQjvg wKš‘ Ggb GKUv P‡µi
nv‡Z c‡owQjvg †h, Avcbv‡ì m‡½ Avgiv m¤^Ü ivL‡Z cvwi bvB| Zviv ïay Avgvi
¯^vaxbZv niY K‡i bvB, Zviv Avgvi gvZ…fvlvi Ici AvNvZ K‡iwQj| Zviv Avgvi
ms¯‹…wZi Dci AvNvZ K‡iwQj| Zviv ïay ZvB K‡i bvB, †kvlY K‡i evsjv‡K me©¯^všÍ
K‡iwQj| Avgiv iy‡L `vuwo‡qwQjvg| evi evi †gvKv‡ejv K‡iwQ| 1948 mv‡ji ivóªfvlv
Av‡›`vjb Avcbv‡ì Rvbv Av‡Q|1952 mv‡j evsjv fvlv ivóª fvlv Kivi `vex‡Z Avgvi
†Q‡jiv Rxeb w`‡qwQj| 1954 mv‡j hLb mvgvb¨ MYZš¿ †`Lv cvevi Avkv K‡iwQjvg
†mB w`b Avevi Avgv‡ì Dci AvµgY K‡iwQj| Avgv‡KI †MÖßvi K‡iwQj| A‡bK eÜzi
†eva nq Rvbv Av‡Q KivPx †_‡K Avwg hLb XvKv †cŠuwQ KjKvZvq K‡qK wgwbU Avwg
wQjvg Zv RvbZ, Zvi K‡qK NÈv c‡iB XvKv kn‡i Avwg †MÖßvi nB| 1958 mv‡j AvBqye
Lvb mvgwiK AvBb Rvwi K‡ib cvwK¯Ív‡b| GB AvBb Kiv n‡qwQj evsjv‡K †kvlY Kivi
Rb¨, GB AvBb Kiv n‡qwQj evsjv‡K K‡jvwb Kivi Rb¨| GB mvgwiK AvBb Rvwi Kiv
n‡qwQj evsjvi gvbyl‡K c‡_i wfLvix Kivi Rb¨| Avgiv iy‡L ùvwo‡qwQjvg| Avgvi
fv‡qiv Rxeb w`‡qwQj| Avgiv KviveiY MÖnY K‡iwQjvg| wKš‘ evsjvi gvbyl Avcbviv
Lei bv †c‡jI evsjvi gvbyl gv_v bZ K‡i bvB| Zviv msMÖvg Pvwj‡qwQj Ges msMÖvg
Pvwj‡qwQj 1962 mv‡j| Avgvi †Q‡j‡ì Ici ¸wj Pvjv‡jv| 1966 mv‡j Avgvi
†Q‡j‡ì, gv-‡evb‡ì Ici ¸wj Pvjvq, 1970 mv‡ji Aci BwZnvm Avcbviv Rv‡bb|
Avcbv‡ì Kv‡Q Kx ej‡ev| G msMÖvg AvR ‡_‡K ïi nq bvB, eûw`b †_‡K ïi n‡q‡Q| bv
†L‡q gi‡Q Zvi K_v ej‡e bv| K‡ZvUv gvbyl c‡_i wfLvix n‡”Q Zvi K_v ej‡e bv| `ytLx
gvby‡li Mv‡q Kvco bvB Zvi K_v ej‡e bv| wn›`y¯’vb Avgvi `ykgb| wn›`y¯’vb †K‡bv
Avgvi `ykgb n‡e? fviZ el© †Kb Avgvi `ykgb n‡e? Zviv‡Zv Avgvi fvB| Zv‡ì m‡½
wb‡q Avgiv fvB wnmv‡e evm Ki‡ev| GiB g‡a¨ evsjvq cÖwZev` D‡V‡Q| wKš‘ Avgiv,
Avcbviv Rv‡bb †h †ZBk eQi ch©šÍ kZKiv 56 Rb †jvK Avgv‡ì| cwðg cvwK¯Ívb
†_‡K mvgwiK evwnbx‡Z †bIqv n‡Zv, evOvwj‡ì mvgwiK evwnbx‡Z †bIqv n‡Zv bv| KviY
evOvwj nv‡Z A¯¿ †c‡j Zv‡ì Dcvq wQj bv| ZvB evOvwj‡K A¯¿ †Ìqv wb‡la wQ‡jv|
34
Avgvi g‡Zv gvby‡li hw` GKUv e›`yK jvB‡mÝ K‡i wb‡Z n‡Zv, †Zv `kevi Ny‡i GKwU
jvB‡mÝ Ki‡Z n‡Zv| g‡b K‡iwQj e›`yK w`‡qB evsjv‡`k‡K `vev‡q ivL‡e| Avn¤§‡Ki
`j Rv‡b bv †h RvwZ GKevi †R‡M D‡V, †h RvwZ gyw³cvMj, †h ¯^vaxbZv‡K fvjev‡m †m
RvwZ‡K e›`yK Kvgvb w`‡q `vev‡q ivLv hvq bv| Avcbviv Rv‡bb hv wKQy mvgvb¨ Avgvi
cywj‡ki ‡jvK wQj Zv‡ì ¸wj K‡i nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q| kZKiv 60 fvM evOvwj cywjk‡K
¸wj K‡i nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q| hv wKQy Avgvi mvgwiK evwnbxi †jvK wQj Zv‡ì ¸wj K‡i‡Q|
iv¯Ív evsjv‡`‡k bvB †kl K‡i w`‡q †M‡Q| ï‡b Avðh© n‡q hv‡eb hvevi Av‡M hZ¸‡jv
Lvevi ¸`vg wQ‡jv hvi g‡a¨ AvUv gq`v PvDj wQ‡jv, Zv ch©šÍ aŸsm K‡i w`‡q †M‡Q| Kx
Ae¯’vq Avgv‡ì †d‡j †M‡Q Zviv| Avwg wbðqB †gveviKev` Rvbve ¯^vaxbZvi m‡½ m‡½
kªxgZx MvÜxi miKvi Ges fvi‡Zi RbmvaviY Avgv‡ì mvnvh¨ w`‡q‡Qb hv‡Z AšÍZ:
c‡ÿ Avgvi †jvK¸‡jv `vuov‡Z ‡c‡i‡Q| Z‡e GK_v mZ¨ Avgvi †jvK bv †L‡q msMÖvg
K‡i‡Q| Avgvi †jvK GK GK K‡i fvi‡Z Avkªq wb‡q‡Q| wKš‘ Avgvi †jv‡Ki GKZv
Av‡Q Ges GKZve×fv‡e hw` Avwg msMÖvg Kwi Avgvi †`k‡K MVb Kivi Rb¨, Avwg
wek¦vm Kwi myRjv-mydjv evsjv‡`k Avevi †n‡m IV‡e| †KD `vev‡q ivL‡Z cvi‡e bv|
evsjvi gvwU e‡ov my›ì gvwU, evsjvi gvwU cwj gvwU, elv©Kv‡j evsjvi gvwU e‡ov big n‡q
hvq|
Avwg GKevi GB e³„Zv K‡iwQjvg cëb gq`v‡b| cwðg cvwK¯Ívwb‡ì ûuwkqvi
K‡i w`‡q e‡jwQjvg †h fy‡j †hI bv G evsjv wZZzgx‡ii evsjv, fy‡j ‡hIbv G evsjv
m~h©‡m‡bi evsjv, fy‡j ‡hIbv G †bZvRx myfvl P‡›`ªi evsjv, fy‡j ‡hI bv G evsjv dRjyj
n‡Ki evsjv| fy‡j †hI bv †mvnivIqvÏx©i evsjv| G evsjv †hgb cwjgvwUi evsjv ˆPÎ
gv‡mi KwVb †iŠ‡`ªi mgq G evsjvi gvwU Ggb k³ nq, hvi AvNv‡Z A‡b‡Ki gv_v PzY©
wePzY© n‡q hvq| Zviv Avgvi K_v gv‡b bvB| Zviv evi evi Avgv‡K, GKevi Avgv‡K Kij
AvMiZjv gvgjvi Avmvgx, Avgv‡K dvuwm †`‡e, w`‡Z cvij bv| evsjvi gvbyl Avgv‡K
†K‡o Avbj I‡ì K‡q`Lvbv †_‡K| Gevi Avcbv‡K †gveviKev` RvbvB †ekx K‡i
kªxgZx MvÜx, Avgv‡K cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b wb‡qwQj| Avgv‡K dvuwm †èvi Rb¨ Zviv mg¯Í wKQy
wVK K‡i †d‡jwQj| Avwg Rvwb Avcwb `ywbqvi `yqv‡i `yqv‡i Ny‡i‡Qb| Avcwb †`‡k †`‡k
Ny‡i‡Qb, Avgvi `ytLx gvby‡li Rb¨ e¨w³MZfv‡e Avgvi Rb¨| ‡mRb¨ Avcbv‡K Avwg
K…ZÁZv RvbvB| Avgvi `ytL wQj bv, Avwg gievi Rb¨B cÖ¯‘Z n‡q ûKzg w`‡qwQjvg| g„Zz¨
¯^vfvweK| †eu‡P _vKvB A¯^vfvweK| wKš‘ Avwg wek¦vm KiZvg †h Avgvi evsjv‡`‡ki
gvbyl‡K cwðg †kvlK‡Mvôx Ges `vbe †Mvôx `vev‡q ivL‡Z cvi‡e bv| `ywbqvi A‡bK †`k
Avgv‡ì mnvbyf~wZ ‡`wL‡q‡Q| †mvwf‡qZ ivwkqv Avgv‡ì mnvbyfywZ ‡`wL‡q‡Q| †MÖU
35
weª‡U‡bi RbmvaviY, jÛ‡bi RbmvaviY Avgv‡ì mnvbyfywZ †`wL‡q‡Qb| Avvwg Zv‡ì
Kv‡Q K…ZÁZv cÖKvk Kwi| Av‡gwiKvi RbmvaviY Ges Zv‡ì mvsevw`Kiv Avgv‡ì A‡bK
mg_©b K‡i‡Q| Avwg K…ZÁZv RvbvB| wKš‘ Av‡gwiKvi miKvi‡K Avwg K…ZÁZv RvbvB
bv| K…ZÁZv Rvbv‡Z cvie bv| fviZ GwM‡q G‡jv Avgvi RbmvaviY‡K mvnvh¨ Kivi
Rb¨| hLb Avgvi evsjviv MÖv‡g MÖv‡g nZ¨vKvÛ PjwQj, hLb `y‡ai ev”Pv‡ì ¸wj K‡i
nZ¨v Kiv nw”Qj Av‡gwiKvi Mfb©‡g›U wK Rvb‡Zb bv †m Lei? Zvi wgkbvix Avgvi
evsjvq wQj Zviv Rvb‡Zb| †Kgb K‡i wZwb A¯¿ w`‡jb cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi ˆmb¨ evwnbxi
nv‡Z| †Kgb K‡i wZwb fviZ e‡l©i mvnvh¨ eÜ K‡i w`‡jb| fvi‡Zi RbmvaviYI `ytLx
RbmvaviY| Zv‡ìI Kó Av‡Q| ZvivI Zv‡ì gy‡Li MÖvm fvM K‡i Avgvi evsjvi
gvbyl‡K LvB‡q‡Qb| †mB mgq Zv‡ì mvnvh¨ eÜ Kivi A_© wK? mvZ †KvwU †jv‡Ki evRvi
ivLvi Rb¨? Avcbv‡ì `vjv‡jiv cwðg cvwK¯Ívb `vjv‡jiv evsjv‡`k‡K evRvi ivL‡e G
D‡Ï‡k¨? Avwg Av‡gwiKvi miKvi‡K, Avwg Zvi weiy‡× wKQy ej‡Z PvB bv Z‡e GUzKz
ej‡Z PvB Avcbv‡ì Kv‡Q K…ZÁZv cÖKvk Ki‡Z cvijvg bv| Avi Avcbv‡ì Aby‡iva
KiwQ, Avcbviv MYZ‡š¿i K_v e‡jb| gy‡L gy‡L †g‡nievYx K‡i MYZ‡š¿i K_v bv e‡j
MYZš¿ hv‡Z P‡j †mw`‡K GKUz †Lqvj ivLyb| `ywbqvq mvgªvRëv`xi w`b P‡j ‡M‡Q|
fviZel© Avi evsjv‡`‡k mvgªvRëv`x †Ljv Pj‡e bv G wek¦vm Avgvi Av‡Q|
fvB‡qiv Avgvi, bxwZi Rb¨ msMÖvg K‡iwQjvg| AvR Avgvi †`k mve©‡fŠg| wek¦vm
K‡ib cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi Mixe fvB‡ì weiy‡× Avgvi wKQyB ejvi bvB| Avwg PvB Zviv
my‡L _vKzK| Avwg cÖwZwnsmvq wek¦vm Kwi bv| wKš‘ Zviv hw` g‡b K‡i _v‡Kb GL‡bv
we‡`‡k Ny‡i Ny‡i e‡jb †h, evsjv‡`k Zv‡ì Ask| Zvn‡j eva¨ n‡q Avgv‡K ej‡Z n‡e
Zv‡ì cvMjvMvi‡` Qvov Avi †Kvb RvqMvq ¯’vb bvB| Avgiv wQjvg msL¨vq †ewk| Avgiv
†NvlYv K‡iwQ Avgvi †`k ¯^vaxb| Zzwg †Kvb RvqMvi gvZeŸi n‡q cojv, Zzwg ejQ
evsjv‡`k †Zvgv‡ì Ask| fy‡j hvI eÜz, my‡L _v‡Kv eÜz, evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb, evsjv‡`k
mve©‡fŠg ivóª, evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb _vK‡e| †Zvgvi ÿgZv bvB evsjvi ¯^vaxbZv niY Ki‡Z
cvi| webv A‡¯¿ hw` Avgvi evsjvi gvbyl Avgvi Abycw¯’wZ‡Z msMÖvg K‡i ¯^vaxbZv wb‡q
_vK‡Z cv‡i, AvR evsjv‡`k‡K wb‡q hw` lohš¿ Ki‡Z PvI, Avi †Kvb †Ljv ‡Lj‡Z PvI
g‡b †i‡Lv mvZ ‡KvwU evOvwji GKUv cÖvY †eu‡P _vK‡Z evsjvi gvwU‡Z XyKevi ÿgZv
†Zvgv‡ì bvB|
36
‡m Rb¨ Avgvi Kwe¸iyi GKUv KweZv co‡Z nq †h-
ÒbvwMbxiv Pvwi w`‡K †dwj‡Z‡Q welv³ wbk¦vm,
kvwšÍi jwjZ evYx †kvbvB‡e e¨_© cwinvm-
we`vq †bevi Av‡M ZvB
WvK w`‡q hvB
`vb‡ei mv‡_ hviv msMÖv‡gi Z‡i
cÖ¯‘Z n‡Z‡Q N‡i N‡i|Ó
Avgvi evOvwj cÖ¯‘Z Av‡Q| bvwMbx‡ì Avgiv wPwb| fq bvB| Avgv‡K A‡b‡K cÖkœ K‡ib,
†h fvi‡Zi cÖavbgš¿x e¨w³MZfv‡e `ywbqvq Ny‡i Avcbvi Rb¨ gyw³ Kvgbv K‡ib| Avi
evsjvi ¯^vaxbZv mg_©b K‡ib e¨vcvi wK? Avwg ewj e¨vcviUv cwi®‹vi Ges †mvRv| Avcwb
hw` eyS‡Z Pvb eyS‡Z cv‡ib, eySevi Pvb bv e‡jB ey‡Sb bv| GUv n‡jv bxwZi wgj GUv
n‡jv Av`‡k©i wgj| Avwg wek¦vm Kwi MYZ‡š¿, wZwb wek¦vm K‡ib MYZ‡š¿| Avwg wek¦vm
Kwi mgvRZ‡š¿, wZwb wek¦vm K‡ib mgvRZ‡š¿| Avwg wek¦vm Kwi ag©wbi‡cÿ ivóª| wZwb
wek¦vm K‡ib ag© wbi‡cÿ ivóª| Avwg wek¦vm Kwi RvZxqZvev`| wZwb wek¦vm K‡ib
RvZxqZvev`| GUv bxwZi wgj, GUv Av`‡k©i wgj| †mB Rb¨ n‡q‡Q Avgv‡ì eÜzZ¡|
fviZ-evsjv‡`‡ki eÜzZ¡ AUzU _vK‡e| †KDi ÿgZv †bB Avgv‡ì eÜzZ¡ bó Ki‡Z cv‡i |
fvB‡qiv Avgvi, Avgvi †`‡k mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv evsjvi ey‡K bvB Avcbviv †`‡L‡Qb|
fvi‡Zi Rbmvavi‡Yi cÖwZ Aby‡iva Ki‡ev †h fvi‡Zi ey‡K †hb mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvi exR Avi
bv Av‡m| KviY GUv gbyl‡Zï evB‡i| GUv gvbeZvi evB‡i| GUv †h †Kvb a‡g©i weiy‡×|
†mB Rb¨B ag© wbi‡cÿ ivóª †hLv‡b ejv nq, cyivcywi Zv Avcbv‡ì jvjb Ki‡Z n‡e|
Avwg Avcbv‡ì †Kvb iKg Dc‡`k w`‡Z PvB bv| Avwg ïay ej‡Z PvB, KviY Avgiv
A‡bK mgq †`‡LwQ, hLb Avwg evsjvi RvZxqZvev`x Av‡›`vjb‡K GwM‡q wb‡q †MwQ ZLb
gv‡S gv‡S cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi lohš¿Kvixiv c~e© evsjvq †Póv K‡i‡Q mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv m„wó
Ki‡Z| hvi dj n‡q‡Q fviZe‡l© hv‡Z Avgvi Av‡›`vjb A‡bK wcwQ‡q wM‡q‡Q| Avi †mB
Rb¨B Avcbv‡ì Kv‡Q Avgvi Av‡e`b _vK‡e Avi Avwg Avcbv‡ì Avk¦vm wèvi cvwi †h
evsjv‡`k PviwU ¯Í‡¤¢i Dci Pj‡e, RvZxqZvev`, MYZš¿, mgvRZš¿ Avi ag©wbi‡cÿ ivóª|
Gi g‡a¨ †Kvb wKš‘ wdš‘ bvB| Gi g‡a¨ †KD nvZ jvMv‡Z cvi‡e bv| GUv ‡mvRvmywR
Avgiv Kie| Avi Avcbviv Rv‡bb Avwg †mvRv gvbyl †mvRv K_v ewj, hv ewj †hUv ewj,
37
†hUv eywS Ges †mUv Kwi| Gi g‡a¨ Avwg fqI Kwi bv KvD‡K Ges KieI bv| Avgvi
†mvbvi evsjv mwZ¨ ‡mvbvi evsjv ZvB Avgiv Avgv‡ì RvZxq m½xZ K‡iwQ Ò Avgvi
†mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq e‡ov fvjevwm|Ó ZvB Avwg Avcbv‡ì mKj‡K Avgvi AvšÍwiK
abëv` Rvwb‡q we`vq †bevi mgq e‡j hvB Avgv‡ì eÜzZ¡ AUzU Ges Aÿq _vK‡e|
Avcbviv Avgvi m‡½ †¯øvMvb †`b Rq fviZ, Rq fviZ, Rq evsjv,
Rq evsjv, Rq kªxgZx MvÜx, Rq kªxgZx MvÜx|
Avwg hw` ewj evsjv‡`k fviZ ‰gÎx Avcbviv ej‡eb Agi †nvK
evsjv‡`k fviZ ˆgÎx.........
evsjv‡`k fviZ ˆgÎx.........
Avwg Avcbv‡ì Avevi abëv` RvbvB|
wek¦vm K‡ib e³„Zv Kiv Avwg mwZ¨ fy‡j †MwQ| GB Rb¨ fy‡j †MwQ| Avwg RvbZvg
bv hLb Avwg cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b †R‡j ‡_‡K Avgvi evsjvq G‡Zv me©bvk n‡q‡Q| Ggb
†Kvb evwo bvB, Ggb ‡Kvb msmvi bvB, †h msmv‡i GKwU `y‡Uv gvbyl‡K Lyb Kiv nq bvB|
N‡i N‡i hviv †Rvqvb hyeK wQj, QvÎ wQ‡jv, hv‡K †c‡q‡Q Zv‡KB a‡i a‡i nZ¨v K‡i‡Q
GB cvl‡Ûi `j| `ywbqv †`‡L bvB, `ywbqv RvbZ, †K GwM‡q G‡mwQj, GwM‡q G‡mwQ‡jb
fvi‡Zi cÖavbgš¿x, GwM‡q G‡mwQ‡jb fvi‡Zi mvgwiK evwnbx, GwM‡q G‡mwQ‡jb cwðg
e½, wÎcyiv †÷U, †gNvjq, Avmv‡gi fv‡qiv|
Avwg Avevi mvZ †KvwU gvby‡li cÿ †_‡K Avcbv‡ì abëv` w`‡q we`vq wbw”Q|
Rq evsjv|
38
MYcwil‡` ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYv welqK
cÖ¯Ív‡ei Dci fvlY
(10 GwcÖj, 1972)
e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb t Rbve w¯úKvi mv‡ne, Avcbvi gva¨‡g Avwg K‡qKUv welq
GLv‡b Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z PvB| AvR Avgiv GLv‡b MYcwil‡ì m`m¨ wn‡m‡e emevi my‡hvM
†c‡qwQ | Avgiv AvR‡K evsjv‡`k‡K ¯^vaxb Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ Ges evsjv‡`‡ki mve©‡fŠg
MYcwil‡ì m`m¨ wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡Z cviwQ, †m my‡hvM G †`‡ki RbmvaviY Zv‡ì i³
w`‡q G‡b w`‡q‡Q | Avgv‡ì ¯^vaxbZv msMÖvg A‡bK w`b †_‡K ïiæ nq|
Rbve w¯úKvi mv‡ne, Avcbvi Rvbv Av‡Q †h, wZwik jÿ fvB- †ev‡bi i‡³i wewbg‡q GB
¯^vaxbZv Avgiv †c‡qwQ| GB MYcwil‡` m`m¨ wn‡m‡e wbðB Zv‡ì AvZ¥Z¨v‡Mi K_v
Avgiv ¯§iY Ki‡ev Ges g‡b ivL‡ev| Avgv‡ì g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e, †h i‡³i wewbg‡q Avgiv
¯^vaxbZv †c‡qwQ, †m i³ †hb e„_v bv hvq| i³ w`‡q‡Q G †`‡ki jÿ jÿ fvB †evb,
wbixn RbmvaviY| i³ w`‡q‡Q K…lK, kÖwgK, eyw×Rxexiv, i³ w`‡q‡Q G‡`‡ki RbMY, i³
w`‡q‡Q mvgwiK evwnbxi fvB‡qiv, i³ w`‡q‡Q cywjk, i³ w`‡q‡Q f~Zc~e© BwcAvi, i³
w`‡q‡Q Avbmvi, †gvRv‡nìv| i³ w`‡q‡Q cÖ‡Z¨KUv evOvwj, GgbwK miKvwi Kg©PvixivI
i³ w`‡q‡Q ¯^vaxbZv msMÖv‡g| wbôzi ee©i Bqvwnqv Lv‡bi Lvb †mbviv †h AZ¨vPvi K‡i‡Q,
Ryjyg K‡i‡Q, Zv †_‡K evsjv‡`‡ki gv-‡ev‡biv ch©šÍ wb¯Ívi cvbwb| jÿ jÿ gv †evb‡K
wbh©vZb Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB cï‡mbv‡ì AvPi‡Yi BwZnvm `ywbqvi Avi †Kv_vI bvB|
AvR Zv‡ì K_v Avgiv ¯§iY KiwQ, ¯§iY Ki‡Z nq Avgvi mnKgx© mfë„‡›ì K_v. hviv
†mB MZ wbe©vP‡b wbe©vwPZ n‡qwQ‡jb| Zv‡ì A‡bK‡KB ew›` K‡i wbg©gfv‡e nZ¨v Kiv
n‡q‡Q-Zv‡ì bvgI H cÖ¯Ív‡e i‡q‡Q, †h cÖ¯Íve Avwg Avcbvi gva¨‡g cwil‡` †ck KiwQ|
ZvQvov G‡`‡ki Rvbv ARvbv jÿ jÿ †jvK, AvIqvgx jx‡Mi jÿ jÿ Kgx© ¯^vaxbZvi
Rb¨ Rxeb w`‡q‡Qb| m‡½ m‡½ Ab¨vb¨ hviv Avgv‡ì GB msMÖv‡g †hvM w`‡qwQ‡jb,
`jgZ wbwe©‡k‡l hviv ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ i³ w`‡q‡Qb, knx` n‡q‡Qb, Zv‡ì Z¨v‡Mi K_v
K…ZÁZvi mv‡_ ¯§iY K‡i Avgv‡ì fwel¨r Kg©cš’v MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e|
Rbve w¯úKvi mv‡ne, AvR ¯^vaxbZv Avgiv †c‡qwQ , Gi m‡½ m‡½ Avwg PviwU ¯Í¤¢‡K
¯§iY Ki‡Z PvB, †h ¯Í¤¢‡Ke mvg‡b †i‡L Avgv‡ì †`‡ki msweavb Ki‡Z n‡e|
RvZxqZvev`, MYZš¿, mgvRZš¿ I ag©wbi‡cÿZv | Avgiv MYZš¿ w`‡Z PvB Ges MYZš¿
w`‡ZB AvR Avgiv GB cwil‡` e‡mwQ| KviY AvR Avgiv †h msweavb †`‡ev, Zv‡Z
39
gvby‡li AwaKv‡ii K_v †jLv _vK‡e, hv‡Z fwel¨‡Z †KD RbM‡Yi Rvbgvj wb‡q wQwbwgwb
†Lj‡Z bv cv‡i| Ggb msweavbB RbM‡Yi Rb¨ †ck Ki‡Z n‡e| AvR GLv‡b e‡m PviwU
¯Í‡¤¢i Dci wfwË K‡i Avgv‡ì fwel¨r eskai‡ì Rb¨ Ggb msweavb iPbv Ki‡Z n‡e,
hv‡Z Zviv `ywbqvi mf¨ †`‡ki gvby‡li mvg‡b gv_v DuPz K‡i ùvov‡Z cv‡i|
Rbve w¯úKvi mv‡ne, RvwZi Kv‡Q Avgv‡ì GKUv KZ©e¨ i‡q‡Q, GKUv weivU KZ©e¨
Av‡Q| Avwg Avgvi e³…Zv e‡ov Ki‡Z PvB bv| wKš‘ evsjv‡`‡ki MYZvwš¿K AwaKvi
Av`v‡qi Rb¨ hviv msMÖvg K‡i BwZnvm m„wó K‡i‡Qb, Zv‡ì †mB BwZnvm hviv MYZ‡š¿i
c~Rvix wQ‡jb, †hgb - †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`x©, ‡k‡i evsjv G.‡K. dRjyj nK, ee©i
cvKevnxbxi nv‡Z wbnZ ax‡i›`ªbv_ `Ë| Avi Kjg Øviv msMÖvg K‡i‡Qb, †mB Rbve
Zdv¾j †nv‡mb- Avgv‡ì gvwbK fvB| G‡ì K_v kª×vi mv‡_ Avgiv ¯§iY Ki‡Z PvB|
¯§iY Kwi 1947 mvj †_‡K AvR ch©šÍ cÖ‡Z¨KwU Av‡›`vj‡bi mg‡q hviv Rxeb w`‡q‡Qb,
hviv KvivMv‡i Rxeb KvwU‡q‡Qb| MYZš¿‡K G †`‡k cªwZôv Kivi Rb¨ hviv msMÖvg
K‡i‡Qb, Zv‡ì K_v hw` ¯§iY bv Kwi, Zv‡ì BwZnvm hw` bv †jLv nq, Z‡e fwel¨r
eska‡iiv Rvb‡Z cvi‡e bv GB msMÖv‡gi †cQ‡b Kviv wQ‡jb|
MZ eQi wbe©vPb n‡jv| †mB wbev©P‡bi c~‡e© †_‡KB Avgv‡ì Rvbv wQj †h, evsjv‡`‡k
RbmsL¨vq msL¨vMwiô _vKv m‡Ë¡I Zviv Avgv‡ì K‡jvwb Ges evRvi K‡i ivL‡Z Pvq|
ïay ZvB bq, Zviv Avgv‡ì ms¯‹…wZ I fvlvi Dci AvNvZ KiwQj, Avgv‡ì bvMwiK
AwaKv‡ii Dci AvNvZ K‡i Avgv‡ì‡K K‡jvwb K‡i ivL‡Z †P‡qwQj| Avgv‡ì msMÖvg
ZLb †_‡KB PjwQj | Avgiv RbZvg msMÖvg av‡c av‡c GwM‡q wb‡q †h‡Z n‡e| Gfv‡e
msMÖvg GwM‡q AvR Pig msMÖv‡g cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| 25 gvP© Zvwi‡Li BwZnvm Avcbv‡ì
Rvbv Av‡Q| †mB w`b ee©i cvK nvbv`vi evwnbx †Kv‡bv AvBb-Kvbyb gv‡b bvB| †Kv‡bv
mf¨ †`‡k Zv‡ì Kv‡Ri Zzjbv cvIqv hvq bv | cÖ‡Z¨K mf¨ †`‡k hy‡×i GKUv wbqg
Av‡Q| †Kv‡bviƒc Iqvwb©s bv w`‡qB AZwK©Z Kvcyiæ‡li g‡Zv evwoN‡i Av¸b jvwM‡q `y‡ai
ev”Pv‡K ch©šÍ nZ¨v K‡i Zviv GK RNb¨ jxjvq †g‡Z D‡VwQj | AW©vi w`‡qwQj ,
AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †jvK, hv‡K cvI Zv‡KB nZ¨v K‡iv , †Kv‡bviƒc `qvgvqv bvB| Zv‡ì
RNb¨ KvR Kviev‡ii Ggb mg¯Í BwZnvm Avgv‡ì nv‡Z Av‡Q| hv †`L‡j wkD‡i DV‡Z
cv‡ib| Avgv‡ì nv‡Z GKRb †Rbv‡i‡ji `¯ÍLZ Kiv KvMR aiv c‡o‡Q| Zv‡Z Av‡Q
jyUcvU K‡iv| GgbwK cvkweK AZ¨vPv‡ii K_vI Av‡Q| ee©i Bqvwnqvi †mbvevwnbx‡K
Amnvq I wbi¯¿ mvZ †KvwU evOvwji Dci KzKz‡ii g‡Zv †jwj‡q †Ìqv n‡qwQj|
†mbvevwnbx hw` hy× †NvlYv Ki‡Zv, Z‡e Avgiv †m hy× †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z cviZvg| wKš‘
Zviv AZwK©‡Z 25 gvP© Zvwi‡L Avgv‡ì Avµgb Ki‡jv| ZLb Avgiv eyS‡Z cvijvg †h ,
40
Avgv‡ì †kl msMÖvg ïiæ n‡q †M‡Q| Avwg Iqvi‡j‡m PÆMÖv‡g Rvbvjvg, evsjv‡`k AvR
†_‡K ¯^vaxb I mve©‡fŠg ivóª, G Lei cÖ‡Z¨K‡K †cŠ‡Q ‡Ìqv †nvK, hv‡Z cÖwZwU _vbvq ,
gnKzgvq, †Rjvq cÖwZ‡iva msMÖvg M‡o DV‡Z cv‡i| GRb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq wb‡`©k I
w`‡qwQjvg| GB e¨vcv‡i AvZ¥m‡PZb n‡Z n‡e| †`kevmx Rv‡bb GKB Zvwi‡L †`‡ki
wewfbœ RvqMvq cÖwZ‡iva Av‡›`vjb ïiæ n‡qwQj| GUv nvIqvi Dci †_‡K nq bvB| hw`
†Kv‡bv wb‡`©k bv _vK‡Zv , Z‡e †Kgb K‡i GKB mg‡q GKB gyn~‡Z© me RvqMvq msMÖvg
ïiæ n‡jv..?
Rbve w¯úKvi mv‡ne, Gme K_v ej‡Z †M‡j fvlv Av‡m bv, gvbyl fvecÖeY n‡q hvq|
†mRb¨ G¸‡jv ejv Avgvi c‡ÿI KóKi | KviY Avwg fvecÖeY n‡q hvB| Avgiv †`L‡Z
cvB Avgv‡ì jÿ jÿ gv-‡evb‡K AZ¨vPvi Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges Avgv‡ì nvRvi nvRvi †Q‡j
c½y Ae¯’vq i‡q‡Q, Zv‡ì Rb¨ wKQyB Ki‡Z cvwi bvB| Avgv‡ì evsjvi MÖvg‡K MÖvg
R¡vwj‡q cywi‡q QviLvi K‡i w`‡q‡Q| Avgv‡ì ab-m¤úwË jyUcvU K‡i wb‡q †M‡Q, iv¯ÍvNvU
†f‡O Pzigvi K‡i w`‡q‡Q| Avgv‡ì Kv‡iwÝ †bvU R¡vwj‡q w`‡q‡Q| GiKg K‡Zv wbh©vZbB
bv Avgv‡ì †jvK‡K mn¨ Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q Ges Zviv †h mnbkxjZv †`wL‡q‡Qb, †m Rb¨
Zv‡ì‡K hw` Avgiv †gveviKev` bv RvbvB, Zvn‡j Ab¨vq Kiv n‡e| Avi †hme `j
Avgv‡ì mg_©b K‡i‡Q Zv‡ì‡KI Avcbvi gva¨‡g abëv` w`‡Z PvB Ges kª×vf‡i ¯§iY
Ki‡Z PvB|
Rbve w¯úKvi mv‡ne, Avgv‡ì mvg‡b AvR‡K we‡kl KZ©e¨ n‡jv, RvwZ‡K GKUv msweavb
†Ìqv Ges hZ ZvovZvwo nq, †mB msweavb †èvi †Póv Kiv n‡e| Avgvi mnKgx©
fvB‡qiv , hviv GLv‡b Dcw¯’Z Av‡Qb, Avcbvi gva¨‡g Zv‡ì mevB‡K e‡j w`‡Z PvB †h,
Avcbviv MvQZjvq e‡m hy× K‡i‡Qb, bv †L‡q hy× K‡i‡Qb, ci‡bi KvcoI wQj bv ,
Avgvi mnKgx©‡ì AvZ¥xq-¯^R‡bi Dci AZ¨vPvi Kiv n‡q‡Q, Zv‡ì evwoNi R¡vwj‡q ‡`qv
n‡q‡Q| †g¤^vi‡ì †h AwaKvi cvIqvi Av‡Q, †m AwaKvi cy‡ivcywi †èvi ÿgZv Avgvi
†bB| hw` gvB‡µv‡dvb we‡`k †_‡K Avbevi †Póv KiZvg , Zvn‡j wZb gvm mgq jvM‡Zv
, A‡bK †`wi n‡q †h‡Zv | GB A¨v‡m¤^wj feb †h Ae¯’vq wQj, Zv‡Z gvÎ 300 †g¤^v‡ii
emvi RvqMv wQj, AvR‡K †mLv‡b 450 Rb e‡m‡Qb| hw` GB A¨v‡m¤^wj febI bv
_vK‡Zv , Z‡e MvQZjvq e‡mI Avgvi †g¤^viiv msweavb iPbv Ki‡Zb -GB mywbwðZ
Avk¦vmUzKy w`‡Z cvwi | AvR‡K Avgv‡ì RbMY Kx Amyweavq Av‡Q| Zv‡ì _vKvi g‡Zv
Ni †bB | Avgiv wKQz w`‡Z cviwQ bv| gvbyl Kó Ki‡Q| nvRvi nvRvi †jvK †eKvi n‡q
Ny‡i †eov‡”Q ; Zv‡ì‡K my‡hvM-myweav w`‡Z cviwQ bv | A_© bvB, RbmvaviY‡K myweav
K‡i w`‡Z cviwQbv| wKš‘ Avcwb wbwðZ _vK‡Z cv‡ib, Avcbvi Kv‡Q Avevi ejwQ †h,
41
Avgv‡ì mvg‡b KZ©e¨ n‡jv msweavb ˆZwi Kiv | Avgiv †cÖvMÖvg Abyhvqx AvMvgxKvj
Avevi em‡ev | kyay †h Avgv‡ì `jxq m`m¨ †_‡K KwgwU Ki‡ev Zv bq , `jgZ wbwe©‡k‡l
mK‡ji m‡½ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡e&, RbMY‡K hv‡Z Zv‡ì B”Qv Abyhvqx GKUv myôz msweavb
†`qv hvq, GB D‡Ï‡k¨ mK‡ji gZvgZ PvB‡ev| GB msweav‡b gvbweK AwaKvi _vK‡e, †h
AwaKvi gvbyl wPiRxeb †fvM Ki‡Z cv‡i| Avgiv MZ †ZBk eQ‡i Kx †`‡LwQ-kvmbZ‡š¿i
bv‡g AkvmbZš¿, RbM‡Yi wbivcËvi bv‡g gvk©vj ÔjÕ RbM‡bi `vwe Av`v‡qi bv‡g
cÖZviYv| Avi evsjv‡`‡ki K_v DV‡jB Ôwn›`y¯’v‡bi `vjvjÕ ÑGai‡bi K_v mviv Rxeb
ï‡b AvmwQ| †mme hv‡Z G †`k †_‡K D‡V hvq, †mRb¨ me©vZ¥K †Póv Ki‡Z n‡e Ges †m
wel‡q mK‡ji mn‡hvwMZv Kvgbv KiwQ|
Rbve w¯úKvi mv‡ne, Avcwb GB cwil‡ì w¯úKvi n‡q‡Qb| Avevi Avcbv‡K Rvbv‡Z PvB
†h, Avgiv GKUv MYgyLx msweavb ˆZwi Ki‡Z PvB Ges †mB m‡½ GB Avk¦vm w`‡Z PvB
†h, Avcwb hZÿY wbi‡cÿ _vK‡eb, Avgv‡ì KvQ †_‡K c~Y© mn‡hvwMZv cv‡eb| Avcbvi
KZ©eÜzKy AvBb I we‡eK Abyhvqx Ges cvj©v‡g›Uvwi Kb‡fbkb †g‡b wb‡q cvjb Ki‡eb,
GB Avkv Kwi| Avcwb †Kvb `j eo †Kvb `j †QvU Zv †`L‡eb bv; Kvh©cYÖ vjx wewa
Abyhvqx wePvi I Bbmvd Ki‡eb| Avgvi `‡ji cÿ †_‡K Avcbv‡K c~Y© mg_©b I
mn‡hvwMZv Rvbv‡ev|
GLv‡b †h cÖ¯Íve †`qv n‡qwQj, bRiæj Bmjvg mv‡ne Zv c‡owQ‡jb , Avevi ms‡kvab
K‡i Zv †ck Kiv n‡e| Avcbv‡ì gva¨‡g Avgvi m`m¨ fvB‡ì abëv` w`w”Q Ges
Avcbv‡KI abëv` w`w”Q| Zvici A¨vm‡¤^wji Kg©Pvixiv ivZw`b cwikªg K‡i G‡Zv
ZvovZvwo ‡h G e‡›`ve¯Í Ki‡Z ‡c‡i‡Qb, †mRb¨B Zv‡ì‡KI abëv` Rvbvw”Q | KviY
Avwg Rvwb Zviv gvÎ K‡qKvw`‡bi †bvwU‡k Lye cwikÖg K‡i GB e‡›`ve¯Í Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Q|
Zvici Avwg abëv` RvbvB GB wi‡cvU©vi‡ì‡K, GLv‡b hviv KvR Ki‡Qb| Zviv †hb
cwi®‹vi my›ì K‡i wi‡cvU© ˆZwi K‡ib, Zv‡Z fzjåvwšÍ †hb bv nq ; KviY GUv GKUv
BwZnvm n‡q _vK‡e, GB BwZnvm †hb bó bv nq| GB K_v e‡j Avgvi e³e¨ †kl KiwQ|
Rbve w¯úKvi t GB nvD‡mi mvg‡b †h cÖ¯Íve wQj Zv msweav‡bi c‡i †h AvKv‡ii n‡q‡Q,
Avwg Zv c‡o †kvbvw”Q| ms‡kvwaZ cÖ¯Íve n‡”Q ;
e½eÜz AvnŸv‡b I AvIqvgx jxM †bZ„‡Z¡ HwZnvwmK ¯^vaxbZv msMÖv‡g evsjv‡`‡ki †h
wecøex RbZv, K…lK, kªwgK, QvÎ, hyeK, eyw×Rxex, exiv½bv , cÖwZiÿv wefv‡Mi evOvwjiv,
mv‡eK BwcAvi, cywjk, Avbmvi, gyRvwn` I ivR‰bwZK †bZvKgx© I exi gyw³‡hv×viv
42
wb‡R‡ì i³ w`‡q Avgv‡ì ¯^vaxbZv AR©b K‡i‡Qb, AvR‡Ki w`‡b evsjv‡`‡ki RbM‡Yi
†fv‡U h_vh_fv‡e wbe©vwPZ evsjv‡`k MYcwil` mkª×wP‡Ë Zv‡ì ¯§iY Ki‡Q|
1971 mv‡ji 26 gvP© e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb ¯^vaxbZvi †h †NvlYv K‡iwQ‡jb Ges †h
†NvlYv gywRebMi †_‡K 1971 mv‡ji 10 GwcÖj ¯^xK…Z I mgw_©Z n‡qwQj GB m‡½ GB
cwil` Zv‡Z GKvZ¥Zv cÖKvk Ki‡Q|
Gÿ‡Y GB cwil` evsjv‡`‡ki mv‡o mvZ †KvwU gvby‡li Avkv AvKv•ÿvi †mme g~Z©
Av`k©, h_v RvZxqZvev`, MYZš¿, mgvRZš¿ I ag©wbi‡cÿZv, hv knx`vb I exi‡ì
¯^vaxbZv msMÖv‡g AvZ¥Z¨v‡M DØy× K‡iwQj, Zvi wfwË‡Z †`‡ki Rb¨ GKwU Dchy³
msweavb cÖYq‡bi `vwqZ¡ MÖnY Ki‡Q|
GB cÖ¯Ív‡ei c‡ÿ hviv Av‡Qb Zviv Ôn¨v uÕ ej‡eb|
m`m¨MY t mg¯^‡i Ô n¨vu Õ (Ô bv Õ †KDB e‡jb wb)
RbvK w¯úKvi t GB cÖ¯Íve M„nxZ n‡jv|
43
evOvwji cÖ_g ¯^vaxb iv‡óªi cÖ_g msweavb t
e½eÜzi GK Abb¨ fvlY
Wt Abycg †mb
evOvwj Zvi nvRvi eQ‡ii BwZnv‡m 1971 mv‡jB cÖ_g GKwU ¯^vaxb ivóª cÖwZôv K‡i| Gi
Av‡M evOvwj wb‡Ri RvwZmËv‡K K‡qK nvRvi eQi a‡i iƒc †`q| AvR ‡hLv‡b evsjv-
AÂj †mLv‡b cyÐªea©b, myþ, ivp, nwi‡Kj,e‡i›`ª cÖf…wZ DcRvwZ Zv‡ì bvg Abymv‡i
emwZ ¯’vcb K‡iwQj Ges Gme bv‡g wewfbœ AÂj ev ivR¨mËvi Aw¯Í‡Z¡i LeiI
A¯úófv‡e BwZnv‡m cvIqv hvq|
Lye ¯úófv‡e Avgiv KY©mye‡Y©i m¦vaxb ivRv kkv‡¼i K_v Rvwb; Rvwb, cÖvq Pvik eQi a‡i
evsjv, GgbwK evsjv‡K Qvwo‡qI cvj mvgªv‡Rï we¯Í…wZ wQj| evsjvi GK As‡k †mb
ivRvivI wQ‡jb cÖvq Aa©kZvãxi †ewk mgq Ry‡o| Av‡iv Rvwb, myjZvwb Avg‡j ¯^vaxb
cvVvb-myjZvbiv evsjv AÂj‡K cÖvq evsjv fvlvfvlx AÂ‡j cwiYZ K‡iwQ‡jb| †gvNj
mv¤ªv‡Rï †klfv‡M gywk©`Kzwj Luv, Avwjew`©, wmivR‡ÏŠjv cÖgyL my‡e`vi w`wjøi cÖwZ bvggvÎ
AvbyMZ¨ ¯^xKvi K‡i cÖvq ¯^vaxbfv‡e evsjvq ivRZ¡ K‡iwQ‡jb| GB `xN© mg‡q evOvjxi
evsjv †Kvbw`b ivóªfvlv ev miKvwi fvlvi gh©v`v cvqwb| ivRmfvi fvlv wQj ms¯‹…Z, cvwj
ev dvwm©| ms¯‹…Z ev dvwm© wQj cÖK…Zc‡ÿ ivRbë‡M©i ev we`»R‡bi me©fviZxq fvlv|
Dcgnv‡`‡ki GK cÖv‡šÍi wkwÿZ gvbyl Ab¨ cÖv‡šÍi wkwÿZ gvby‡li mv‡_ Abvqv‡m GB
fvlvq fv‡ei Av`vb-cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb| ZvB cÖK…Z A‡_© ¯^vaxb evsjv-ivR¨ gv‡S gv‡S
m„wó n‡jI ¯^vaxb evsjv ivóª †Kvbw`b m„wó nqwb 1971 Gi Av‡M, †hLv‡b cÖwZwU evsjv
fvlvfvlx evOvwj wb‡Ri RvwZmËvi ù~iY NwU‡q bvMwiK wn‡m‡e cÖwZwU gvbe AwaKv‡ii
¯^xK…wZ †c‡q‡Q wb‡Ri iv‡óªi msweav‡b| ¯^vaxb iv‡R¨ ivRv ev ivRbëM© ¯^vaxb n‡jI
cÖRviv wQj civaxb, e¨w³ wQj civaxb; GgbwK e¨w³i cÖvYI P‡j †hZ ivRbë‡M©i
gyn~‡Z©i ûKz‡g, webv wePv‡i| e¨w³i c~Y© ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨, cÖwZwU bvMwi‡Ki ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨
evOvwj GK giYcY msMÖvg K‡iwQj 1971 mv‡j| 30 jÿ †jvK AvZ¥ûwZ w`‡qB cwðg
cvwK¯Ív‡bi Jcwb‡ewkK kvmb‡K civf~Z K‡i wQwb‡q G‡bwQj evOvwji cÖ_g ¯^vaxb ivóª I
cÖwZôv K‡iwQj evsjv‡`k cÖRvZš¿, cÖRv‡ì ivóª I RbM‡Yi ivóª|
1971-Gi 7 gvP© e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb GK AmvaviY fvl‡Y evOvwj RbM‡Yi
¯^vaxbZvi GB cig I Pig AvKv•ÿv‡K g~Z© K‡iwQ‡jb; ¯^vaxbZv AR©‡bi Rb¨ mevB‡K
hvi hv Av‡Q ZvB wb‡q cÖ¯‘Z n‡Z AvnŸvb Rvwb‡qwQ‡jb| evOvwji Ici AZ¨vPv‡ii,
wbh©vZ‡bi I †kvl‡Yi wPÎ Zz‡j a‡iwQ‡jb Abb¨ Av‡e‡M I Zxeª R¡vjvgqx fvlvq,
44
e‡jwQ‡jb i³ hLb evOvwj w`‡q‡Q Av‡iv †`‡e, Zvi AwaKvi cÖwZôv Kivi Rb¨, Zvi
gyw³i Rb¨ | GB fvlY GK gnvKvwe¨K †`¨vZbv †c‡qwQ‡jv Zuvi †kl D”Pvi‡Y, ÔGev‡ii
msMÖvg Avgv‡ì gyw³i msMÖvg, Gev‡ii msMÖvg ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg|Õ
†cwiwK¬‡mi †c‡jv‡cv‡bwmqvb, Aveªvnvg wjsK‡bi †MwUm&evM©Ges DBb÷b PvwP©‡ji
wØZxq wek¦hy‡×i fvlY cÖf…wZi m‡½ GB fvlYwU wek¦BwZnv‡m ¯’vb cv‡e Zvi AmvaviYZv
I Abb¨Zvi Rb¨|
wKš‘ A‡b‡KiB Rvbv †bB e½eÜz GiKg Av‡iv GKwU AmvaviY fvlY w`‡qwQ‡jb 1972
mv‡ji 4 b‡f¤î, evOvwji cÖ_g ¯^vaxb iv‡óªi cÖ_g msweavb MÖnY Dcj‡ÿ| †mB fvl‡Y
wZwb e‡jwQ‡jb, Ôevsjvi BwZnv‡m †eva nq GB cÖ_g bwRi †h, evOvwjiv Zv‡ì wb‡R‡ì
kvmbZš¿ cÖ`vb Ki‡Q| †eva nq bq mwZ¨B cÖ_gÑ evsjv‡`‡ki RbM‡Yi cÖwZwbwaiv
RbM‡Yi †fv‡Ui gvid‡Z MYcwil‡` G‡m Zv‡ì †`‡ki kvmbZš¿ cÖ`vb Ki‡QbÕ
(MYcwil‡` cÖ`Ë 1972 mv‡ji 4 b‡f¤^‡ii fvlY)|
GKwU RvwZi Rb¨ Zvi kvmbZš¿ wb‡R iPbv Kiv Kx weivU cÖvwß, Kx AmvaviY AR©b
Zv ejvi A‡cÿv iv‡L bv| Avgiv Rvwb, Av‡gwiKvi kvmbZš¿ ev msweavb Kx Mfxi h‡Zœ I
cwikÖ‡g MÖnY Kiv n‡qwQ‡jv IqvwksUb, GWvgm, n¨vwgjUb, d«v¼wjb cÖgyL cÖÁvevb
ivRbxwZwe`‡ì A‡gq Áv‡bi cÖ‡qv‡M|
evsjv‡`‡k 1972-Gi kvmbZš¿ ev msweavbI iPbv Kiv n‡qwQj e½eÜzi †bZ…‡Z¡
Mfxi cÖÁvi Av‡jv‡K| we‡k¦i gnr me msweavb we‡kølY K‡i Zv‡ì †kÖô AR©b¸‡jv
†`‡kvc‡hvMx, hy‡Mvc‡hvMx K‡i Pqb Kiv n‡qwQj evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡b| GB msweavb
MÖnY Kivi mgq e½eÜzi g‡b evOvwji nvRvi eQ‡ii BwZnvm, Zvi Ici wbg©g †kvl‡Yi
BwZnvm †hgb Zxeªfv‡e KvR K‡iwQj, †Zgwb RvMÖZ wQj Zv †_‡K gyw³i AvKv•ÿv|
evOvwji Ici †gvNj Avgj †_‡K eû kZvãxe¨vcx †h A_©‰bwZK †kvlY Ae¨vnZ wQj, Zv
Zuvi AšÍ‡i Mfxi ÿZ m„wó K‡iwQj| ZvB wZwb GB ‡kvl‡Yi K_v e‡j‡Qb Mfxi †e`bvq,
hwÌ Zv gvÎ mswÿß K‡qKwU ev‡K¨, Ô`ywbqvi †mB me †jvfxiv Ges Z`vbxšÍb fviZe‡l©i
hviv kvmK wQj, Zviv evsjvi A_©, evsjvi m¤ú` jyU K‡i wb‡q †M‡Q Ab¨Î| M„nnviv,
me©nviv, K…lK-gRyi, `ytLx evOvwj hviv mviv Rxeb cwikÖg K‡i‡Q, `yÔ‡ejv †cU f‡i †L‡Z
cvqwb, Zv‡ìB m¤ú` wb‡q M‡o I‡V‡Q KjKvZv e›ì, †ev¤^vB, gv`ªvR; Zv‡ìB m¤ú`
wb‡q M‡o D‡V‡Q KivwP, Bmjvgvev`, jv‡nvi| M‡o D‡V‡Q WvwÛ, †MÖU weª‡Ub| GB evsjvi
m¤ú` wQj evOvwji `yt‡Li KviYÕ (IB fvlY)|
evsjv‡`‡ki mvwe©K mvs¯‹…wZK, ivR‰bwZK I A_©‰bwZK gyw³i Rb¨ evsjv‡`‡ki
msweavb ev kvmb‡š¿ PviwU g~j cš’v †e‡Q †bIqv n‡qwQj; †m¸‡jv njÑ RvZxqZvev`,
MYZš¿, mgvRZš¿ I ag©wbi‡cÿZv| kvmbZ‡š¿i GB g~j ¯Í¤¢¸‡jv‡K e½eÜz Zuvi Abb¨
45
fvlvq e¨vL¨v K‡iwQ‡jb 1972 mv‡ji 4 b‡f¤î †mB fvl‡Y| GB PviwU ¯Í‡¤¢i e¨vL¨v
w`‡Z wM‡q wZwb e‡jwQ‡jb, G¸‡jv evOvwji AR©b eû cÖv‡Yi wewbg‡q GK i³ÿqx
msMÖv‡gi gva¨‡g, ÔGB †h PviUv ¯Í‡¤¢i Ici kvmbZš¿ iPbv Kiv n‡jvÑ Gi g‡a¨ RbM‡Yi
†gŠwjK AwaKviB n‡”Q g~j wewa| g~j PviUv ¯Í¤¢Ñ RbMY †fv‡Ui gva¨‡g Gi Aw¯ÍZ¡ cÖgvY
K‡i w`‡q‡Q| ïay †fv‡Ui gva¨‡g bq, wÎk jÿ †jvK Rxeb w`‡q, i‡³i gva¨‡g Zv cÖgvY
K‡i w`‡q‡QÕ (IB fvlY)|
evOvwj RvZxqZvev‡ì e¨vL¨v wZwb Gfv‡e K‡i‡Qb, ÔRvZxqZvev‡ì wfwË‡Z evOvwj
RvwZ Suvwc‡q c‡owQj Pig giY msMÖv‡g| RvZxqZvev` bv n‡j †Kv‡bv RvwZ GwM‡q †h‡Z
cv‡i bv| GB g~jbxwZi Ici wfwË K‡i Avgiv GwM‡q wM‡qwQ|...GB †h RvZxqZvev`, †m
m¤ú‡K© Avwg GKUv K_v ej‡Z PvB| fvlvB ejyb, wkÿvB ejyb, mf¨ZvB ejyb, Avi K…wóB
ejyb, mK‡ji mv‡_ GKUv wRwbm i‡q‡Q, †mUv n‡jv Abyf~wZ| ...A‡bK †`‡k Av‡Q GKB
fvlv, GKB ag©, GKB mewKQz ; wKš‘ †mLv‡b wewfbœ RvwZ M‡o D‡V‡Q, Zviv GKwU RvwZ‡Z
cwiYZ n‡Z cv‡i bvB| RvZxqZvev` wbf©i K‡i Abyf~wZi Ici| AvR evOvwj RvwZ
i³ÿqx msMÖv‡gi gva¨‡g ¯^vaxbZv AR©b K‡i‡Q ;
GB msMÖvg n‡qwQj hvi Ici wfwË K‡i †mB Abyf~wZ Av‡Q e‡jB AvR‡K Avwg evOvwj,
Avgvi evOvwj RvZxqZvev`Õ (IB fvlY)|
AwZ mvaviY fvlvq wZwb RvZxqZvev‡ì †h Mfxi e¨vL¨v w`‡q‡Qb Zv mwZ¨B Abb¨|
wZwb cÖ_‡gB e‡j‡Qb, RvZxqZvev` bv n‡j GKwU RvwZ G‡Mv‡Z cv‡i bv| Gi me‡P‡q
eo cÖgvY, cjvkxi hy‡× Rqx n‡q K¬vBf mvgvb¨ msL¨K ˆmb¨ wb‡q gywk©`vev‡` cÖ‡ek
K‡iwQ‡jb, Zuv‡K †KD evav †`qwb| K¬vBf weªwUk msm`xq KwgwUi Kv‡Q e¨vL¨v K‡i
e‡jwQ‡jb, gywk©`vev‡ì Awaevmxiv hw` mvaviY A¯¿-k¯¿ wb‡q Zuv‡K evav w`‡Zv, Zvn‡j
Zuvi c‡ÿ wU‡K _vKv m¤¢e n‡Zv bv| e¯‘Z cjvkxi hy× hLb PjwQj ZLb Avkcv‡ki
K„lKiv wbiæwØMœfv‡e Pvl K‡i hvw”Qj| RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv PvÂj¨B cwijwÿZ nqwb|
Zviv †f‡e‡Q GK ivRv hv‡e, Av‡iK ivRv Avm‡eÑ Zv‡Z Zv‡ì Kx! Zviv eyS‡ZB cv‡iwb
†`‡ki Rb¨ Kx weivU ÿwZ n‡”Q| RvZxqZvev` n‡jv ZvB, hLb mvaviY †jv‡Ki g‡aÏ
GB Abyf~wZ Rv‡M †h, †`‡ki ¯^v_©B mevi ¯^v_©, †`‡ki g½j-Ag½B cÖwZwU e¨w³i g½j-
Ag½‡ji mv‡_ Awe‡”Q`¨fv‡e RwoZ| GB GKvZ¥ Abyf~wZB RvZxqZvev`| wewfbœ Avie
†`‡k †hgbÑ wmwiqv, BivK, wgki, †mŠwÀvi‡e RbM‡Yi fvlv I ag© GK, wKš‘ Zviv wfbœ
wfbœ RvwZ| KviY Zv‡ì RvZxqZvev‡ì Abyf~wZ wfbœ| GKBfv‡e Bsj¨vÛ, Av‡gwiKv-
hy³ivóª, KvbvWv, A‡÷ªwjqvI wfbœ; KviY Zv‡ì RvZxqZvev‡ì Abyf~wZ wfbœ|
RvZxqZvev‡ì g~j †h Abyf~wZ‡ZB wbwnZ, mnR-mij fvlvq ZviB AmvaviY e¨vL¨v
w`‡q‡Qb e½eÜz|
46
Zuvi MYZ‡š¿i e¨vL¨vI mvaviY e¨vL¨v bq| wZwb MYZ‡š¿i e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb GB e‡j,
ÔAvgiv MYZ‡š¿ wek¦vm Kwi| MYZš¿Ñ †mB MYZš¿ hv mvaviY gvby‡li Kj¨vY mvab K‡i
_v‡K|Õ (IB fvlY)
AvR abZvwš¿K we‡k¦ †h MYZš¿ cªPwjZ i‡q‡Q Zv n‡jv ey‡R©vqv MYZš¿| Bsj¨v‡Ûi 1644
Ges 1688 mv‡ji wecøe, d«v‡Ýi 1789 mv‡ji wecøe Ges BD‡iv‡ci Ab¨vb¨ †`‡k 1848
mv‡ji wecøe¸‡jv wQj gyL¨Z, mvgšÍZš¿ I ˆ¯îvPvix ivRbë‡M©i weiæ‡× ey‡R©vqv MYZvwš¿K
wecøe| GBme wecø‡ei gva¨‡g me gvbyl AvB‡bi `„wó‡Z mgvbvwaKvi †c‡qwQj, A_©vr
iv‡óªi Kv‡Q AvBbZ mevB mgvb| wKš‘ AvR †K bv Rv‡b, AvB‡bi `„wó‡Z mgvb n‡jI
GKRb `wi`ª I GKRb abx †Kv‡bv w`bB ivóª †_‡K mgvb gh©v`v cvq bv| Avgv‡ì g‡Zv
†`‡k cÖwZw`b wePv‡ii evYx Kxfv‡e bxi‡e-wbf…‡Z Kuv‡` Zv Kx ejvi A‡cÿv iv‡L?
mvaviY gvbyl weË I ÿgZvi Kv‡Q cÖwZw`b †h AmsL¨ civRq †g‡b wb‡”Q, Zv‡ì ¤øvb
gy‡L kZ kZvãxi †h-‡e`bv Zv wK Avgiv cÖwZwbqZ †`wL bv? mvaviY evOvwji GB †e`bv
e½eÜz ü`q w`‡q Abyfe K‡i‡Qb e‡jB e‡j‡Qb, Ôgvby‡li GKUv aviYv Av‡Q Ges Av‡MI
Avgiv †`‡LwQ †h, MYZš¿ †hme †`‡k P‡j‡Q, †`Lv hvq †mme †`‡k MYZš¿ cyuwRcwZ‡ì
cÖ‡UKkb †Ìqvi Rb¨ KvR K‡i Ges †mLv‡b MYZ‡š¿i eënvi cÖ‡qvRb nq †kvl‡Ki
iÿv Kivi Rb¨B| †m MYZ‡š¿ Avgiv wek¦vm Kwi bv| Avgiv PvB, †kvwl‡Zi MYZš¿ Ges
†mB †kvwl‡Zi MYZ‡š¿i A_© n‡jvÑ Avgvi †`‡ki †h MYZ‡š¿i wewawjwc Av‡Q Zv‡Z
†mme e‡›`ve¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q hv‡Z G‡`‡ki `ytLx gvbyl iÿv cvq, †kvlKiv hv‡Z iÿv cvq
Zvi eë¯’v bvB|...wKš‘ †h Pµ w`‡q gvbyl‡K †kvlY Kiv nq, †mB Pµ‡K Avgiv RbM‡Yi
Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ eënvi Ki‡Z PvB| Zvi Rb¨ Avgiv cÖ_‡gB e¨vsK, BÝy‡iÝ †Kv¤úvwb,
Kvc‡oi Kj, cvUKj, wPwbi KviLvbv mewKQz RvZxqKiY K‡i †d‡jwQ| Zvi gv‡b n‡jv,
†kvlK‡Mvôx hv‡Z GB MYZš¿ eënvi Ki‡Z bv cv‡iÕ (IB fvlY)|
evsjv‡`‡ki mgvRZ‡š¿i iƒc Kx n‡e, †Kvb mgvRZ‡š¿i K_v wZwb e‡j‡Qb Zv-I
e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb Abb¨ `ÿZvq, ÔAvgiv mgvRZ‡š¿ wek¦vm Kwi, Ges wek¦vm Kwi e‡jB
Avgiv IB¸‡jv (Dc‡i D‡jøwLZ) RvZxqKiY K‡iwQ| hviv e‡j _v‡Kb, mgvRZš¿ n‡jv
bv; Zv‡ì Av‡M eySv DwPZ, mgvRZš¿ Kx? mgvRZ‡š¿i Rb¥f~wg †mvwf‡qZ ivwkqvq cÂvk
eQi cvi n‡q †Mj, A_P GL‡bv Zviv mgvRZ‡š¿i c‡_ GwM‡q P‡j‡Q|...mgvRZš¿ eyS‡Z
A‡bKw`b mg‡qi cÖ‡qvRb, A‡bK c_ AwZµg Ki‡Z nq| †mB c_ eÜzi| †mB eÜzi c_
AwZµg K‡i mgvRZ‡š¿ †cŠQv hvq| ...Avgv‡ì mgvRZ‡š¿i gv‡b †kvlYnxb mgvR|
mgvRZš¿ Avgiv `ywbqv †_‡K nvIjvZ K‡i Avb‡Z PvB bv| mgvRZ‡š¿i g~ j K_v n‡jv
†kvlYnxb mgvR| mgvRZš¿ cÖwZôv Ki‡Z n‡j †mB †`‡ki Kx AvenvIqv, Kx ai‡Yi
Ae¯’v, Kx ai‡Yi g‡bvfve, Kx ai‡Yi Avw_©K Ae¯’v, mewKQz we‡ePbv K‡i µgk GwM‡q
47
†h‡Z nq mgvRZ‡š¿i w`‡K, Ges Zv AvR‡K ¯^xK…Z n‡q‡Q| ivwkqv †h cš’v Aej¤^b
K‡i‡Q, Pxb Zv K‡iwb|...wbR †`‡ki cwi‡ek wb‡q, wbR RvwZi cUf~wg wb‡q mgvRZ‡š¿i
Ab¨ c‡_ P‡j‡Q| ...‡mRb¨ †`‡ki cwi‡ek, †`‡ki gvby‡li Ae¯’v, Zv‡ì g‡bve„wË,
Zv‡ì ixwZbxwZ, Zv‡ì Avw_©K Ae¯’v, Zv‡ì g‡bvfve mewKQz †`‡L µgk GwM‡q †h‡Z
nq| GKw`‡b mgvRZš¿ nq bvÕ (IB fvlY)|
e½eÜz Mfxi AšÍ©`„wó w`‡q ey‡SwQ‡jb Ab¨vb¨ mgvR-web¨v‡mi g‡Zv mgvRZš¿I bvbv
cZb-Afz¨`‡qi ga¨ w`‡q GwM‡q hv‡e; Gi c_ gm„Y bq, eÜzi| g‡b ivLv DwPZ, †Kv‡bv-
mgvR web¨vmB GKw`‡b cwic~Y©Zv cvq wb| abZ‡š¿i cwic~Y©Zv ‡c‡Z mvZk eQi †j‡M‡Q,
Øv`k kZK †_‡K Ebwesk kZK| †`‡k †`‡k abZ‡š¿i wewfbœfv‡e weKvk n‡q‡Q|
Bsj¨v‡Û †hfv‡e weKwkZ n‡q‡Q; Rvg©vwb ev d«v‡Ý †mfv‡e nqwb| `xN©-msMÖv‡g, mvZk
eQ‡ii msMÖv‡g abZš¿ wKQzUv GwM‡q Avevi wcQz n‡V‡Q, mvgšÍiv wKQzw`‡bi Rb¨ n‡jI
†Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †`‡k Rqx n‡q‡Q| mgvRZš¿I †mfv‡e G‡Mv‡e| †`‡k †`‡k ˆ`wkK
Ae¯’v‡f‡` Gi iƒc n‡e wfbœ| wKš‘ GK RvqMvq Gi GK †gŠwjK jÿ¨ _vK‡e, Zv nj
†kvlYnxb mgvReë¯’v cÖwZôv, hv e½eÜz D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡b mgvRZ‡š¿i
cZ‡bi ci Rvcvwb-Av‡gwiKvb HwZnvwmK dzKvqgv e‡jwQ‡jb, wek¦e¨vcx abZ‡š¿i mvwe©K
R‡q BwZnv‡mi cwimgvwß n‡q‡Q| Gi wVK AeëwnZ c‡iB Rvcv‡b I `wÿY c~e© Gwkqvi
†`k¸‡jv‡Z Af~Zc~e© weivU A_©‰bwZK g›`v ev am bv‡g| GB a‡mi GK `kK AwZµvšÍ
nIqvi Av‡MB 2008 I 2009-G gyL¨Z DbœZ we‡k¦ abZ‡š¿i g~j †K›`ª hy³ivóª I BD‡ivc
Ry‡o ‡h cÖPÛ A_©‰bwZK g›`v †`Lv w`‡j Zv 1930-Gi gnvg›`vi c‡i Avevi abZ‡š¿i
wf‡ZB wK weivU dvUj ev Kuvcywb m„wó K‡iwb? A_©‰bwZK am †_‡K †h-`ywU eo †`k AÿZ
†_‡K Zv‡ì AMÖMwZ Ae¨vnZ †i‡L‡Q Zviv nj Pxb I fviZ| GB `yÕwU †`kB mgvRZš¿‡K
Zv‡ì Kvg¨ mgvReë¯’v wn‡m‡e MY¨ K‡i Zv‡ì e¨vsK I wkícuywRi e„nr LvZ¸‡jv‡K
ivóªLv‡Z †i‡L‡Q| d‡j jwMœcuywRi jvMvgnviv †jv‡fi KivjMÖvm Zv‡ì A_©bxwZ‡K wech©¯Í
Ki‡Z cv‡iwb|MZ `yÕ`kK a‡i abZ‡š¿i †h Ae¨vnZ Aeÿq Pj‡Q Zvi d‡j mgvRZš¿B
wK Avevi mvaviY †kvwlZ gvby‡li mvg‡b euvPvi c_ wn‡m‡e bZzb-Av‡jv‡K D™¢vwmZ n‡”Q
bv? jvwZb Av‡gwiKvq eªvwRj, †fwbRy‡qjv, wPwj, ewjwfqv BZ¨vw` †`k mgvRZ‡š¿i c‡_B
nuvU‡Q Zv‡K hZUzKz-m¤¢e †`k-wfwËK I hy‡Mvc‡hvMx K‡i| e½eÜz evsjv‡`‡ki RbÏ ZvB
†P‡qwQ‡jb Pvi`kK Av‡M| Zuvi K‡Ú aŸwbZ n‡qwQj evsjvi gvby‡li Rb¨ †kvlYnxb
mgv‡Ri AvKv•ÿv, cÖwZwU gvbyl‡K Zvi gvbemËvi gh©v`vq Awfwl³ Kivi AvKv•ÿv|GB
Kvi‡YB msweav‡b ivóª cwiPvjbvi g~jbxwZ‡Z †NvwlZ n‡qwQj GB A½xKvi, ÔcÖRvZš¿ n‡e
GKwU MYZš¿, †hLv‡b †gŠwjK gvbevwaKvi I ¯^vaxbZvi wbðqZv _vwK‡e, gvbemËvi
gh©v`v I g~‡jï cÖwZ kÖ×v‡eva wbwðZ nB‡e|Õ (msweavb) A½xKv‡i Av‡iv ejv n‡q‡Q,
48
Ôiv‡óªi Ab¨Zg †gŠwjK `vwqZ¡ nB‡e cwiKwíZ A_©‰bwZK weKv‡ki gva¨‡g RbM‡Yi
RxebhvÎvi e¯‘MZ I ms¯‹…wZMZ gv‡bi `„p DbœwZ mvab|Õ (msweavb) Av‡iv hy³ Kiv
n‡q‡Q, Ô‡gnbwZ gvbyl‡KÑ K…lK I kÖwgK‡KÑ Ges RbM‡Yi AbMÖmi Askmg~n‡K mKj
cÖKvi †kvlY nB‡Z gyw³ `vb Kiv|Õ (msweavb)
evsjv‡`k‡K GKwU cÖK…Z MYZvwš¿K Amv¤úª`vwqK AvaywbK RbKj¨vYgyLx iv‡óª
cwiYZ Kivi Rb¨ Ôag©wbi‡cÿZvÕ‡K Kiv nq iv‡óªi msweav‡bi Ab¨Zg g~j wfwË| e½eÜz
msweav‡bi GB ¯Í¤¢wU AwZ mij me©Rb‡eva¨ fvlvq wKš‘ Zxeª †ÿvf I Av‡e‡M e¨vL¨v
K‡iwQ‡jb G-fv‡e, Ôag©wbi‡cÿZv gv‡b ag©nxbZv bq| gymjgvbiv Zv‡ì ag© cvjb
Ki‡e, Zv‡ì evav †Ìqvi ÿgZv GB iv‡óª KviI bvB| wn›`yiv Zv‡ì ag© cvjb Ki‡e,
Zv‡ì evav †Ìqvi ÿgZv bvB| †eŠ×iv Zv‡ì ag© cvjb Ki‡e, wLª÷vbiv Zv‡ì ag©
cvjb Ki‡eÑ Zv‡ì †KD evav w`‡Z cvi‡e bv| Avgv‡ì ïay AvcwË n‡jv GB †h, ag©‡K
wb‡q †KD ivR‰bwZK A¯¿ wn‡m‡e eënvi Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| cuwPk eQi Avgiv †`‡LwQ,
a‡g©i bv‡g RyqvPzwi, a‡g©i bv‡g †kvlY, a‡g©i bv‡g †eBgvwb, a‡g©i bv‡g AZ¨vPvi, Lyb,
e¨vwfPviÑ GB evsjv‡`‡ki gvwU‡Z GBme P‡j‡Q| ag© AwZ cweÎ wRwbm| cweÎ ag©‡K
ivR‰bwZK nvwZqvi wn‡m‡e eënvi Kiv Pj‡e bv| hw` †KD e‡j †h, agx©q AwaKvi Le©
Kiv n‡q‡Q, Avwg eje ag©xq AwaKvi Le© Kiv nqwb| mv‡o mvZ †KvwU gvby‡li agx©q
AwaKvi iÿv Kivi eë¯’v K‡iwQÕ (IB fvlY)|
e½eÜzi 4 b‡f¤^‡ii fvlYwU GKwU AmvaviY fvlYÑ I‡Rv¸Y, `vX¨© I A_©‡MŠi‡ei
Rb¨| 7 gv‡P©i fvl‡Y e½eÜz evsjvi gvby‡li ¯^vaxbZvi K_vB †Kej e‡jbwb, gyw³i
K_vI e‡jwQ‡jb; †mB gyw³i A½xKviB 72-Gi msweav‡bi PviwU g~j ¯Í‡¤¢ iƒc †c‡q‡Q|
wZwb msweavb Dc¯’vc‡bi GB Abb¨ HwZnvwmK fvlYwU †kl K‡iwQ‡jb GB e‡j,
ÔRbZvi kvmbZ‡š¿ †Kv‡bv wKQz †jLv nq bv| ...fwel¨r eskaiiv hw` mgvRZš¿, MYZš¿,
RvZxqZvev` I ag©wbi‡cÿZvi wfwË‡Z †kvlYnxb mgvR MVb Ki‡Z cv‡i, Zvn‡j Avgvi
Rxeb mv_©K, knx‡ì i³`vb mv_©KÕ (IB fvlY)
(cÖeÜwU wcÖwgqvi wek¦we`¨vjq, PÆMÖvg Gi gvbbxq DcvPvh©,

mgvRweÁvbx Wt Abycg †mb Gi ÔBwZnv‡m Awebk¦iÕ MÖš’ †_‡K msKwjZ|)
49
RywjI Kzix kvwšÍ cyi¯‹vi cÖvwß‡Z
wek¦kvwšÍ cwil‡` fvlY
[ 1972 mv‡ji 10 A‡±vei wek¦kvwšÍ cwil` Zvu‡K ÔRywjI KzixÕ kvwšÍ cyi®‹v‡i f~wlZ K‡i|
GB kvwšÍ c`K cÖ`vb Dcj‡ÿ 1973 mv‡ji 23 †g wek¦kvwšÍ cwil` evsjv‡`‡k GK
Abyôv‡bi Av‡qvRb K‡i| we‡k¦i eû †`k †_‡K kvwšÍi ˆmwbKiv GB Abyôv‡b mg‡eZ nb|
†mw`b D‡Øvabx Abyôv‡b fvlY w`‡Z wM‡q wek¦kvwšÍ cwil‡ì †m‡µUvix †Rbv‡ij kªx
i‡gkP›`ª wecyj KiZvwj I n‡lv©rdzjø Awfb›`‡bi ‡fZi w`‡q we‡k¦i kvwšÍ, ¯^vaxbZv I
MYZ‡š¿i AZ›`ª cÖnix Ges wbcxwoZ RbM‡Yi AK…wÎg eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K Ôwek¦eÜzÕ
e‡j AwfwnZ K‡ib| †mw`b e½eÜzI kvwšÍi gnvb ˆmwbK‡ì cÖwZ Mfxi kª×v wb‡e`b
K‡ib|]
Òjv‡Lv knx‡ì i‡³ wm³ ¯^vaxb evsjvi cweÎ gvwU‡Z cÖ_g Gkxq kvwšÍ m‡¤§j‡b
†hvM`v‡bi Rb¨ AvMZ kvwšÍi †mbvbx‡ì RvbvB ¯^vMZg| Dcwb‡ekev`x kvmb Avi
†kvl‡Yi bMœ nvgjv‡K cÖwZ‡iva K‡i wÎk jÿ knx‡ì cÖv‡Yi wewbg‡q Avgiv wQwb‡q
G‡bwQ Avgv‡ì RvZxq ¯^vaxbZv, ZvB evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li Kv‡Q kvwšÍ Avi ¯^vaxbZv
GKvKvi n‡q wg‡k †M‡Q| Avgiv g‡g© g‡g© Abyaveb Kwi wek¦kvwšÍ Z_v AvÂwjK kvwšÍi
Acwinvh©Zv|
GB cUf~wg‡Z Avcbviv- wek¦kvwšÍ Av‡›`vj‡bi mnKg©x cÖwZwbwaiv Avgv‡K ÔRywjI
KzixÕ kvwšÍ c`‡K f~wlZ K‡i‡Qb| GB m¤§vb ‡Kvb e¨w³we‡k‡li Rb¨ bq| G m¤§vb
evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv msMÖv‡g AvZ¥`vbKvix knx`‡ì, ¯^vaxbZv msMÖv‡gi exi ‡mbvbx‡ì
ÔRywjI KzixÕ kvwšÍ c`K mgMÖ evOvjx RvwZi| GUv Avgvi †`‡ki mv‡o mvZ †KvwU
gvby‡li| evsjv‡`‡ki Pig `ytmg‡q wek¦kvwšÍ cwil` †hgb Avgv‡ì mv‡_ GKvZ¥Zv
†NvlYv K‡iwQ‡jb, G‡`‡ki gvbylI wVK GKBfv‡e wek¦kvwšÍ Av‡›`vj‡bi mv‡_ mngwg©Zv
Rvwb‡q G‡m‡Qb| Avwg wb‡R 1952 mv‡j wcwKs-G AbywôZ cÖ_g Gkxq I cÖkvšÍ gnvmvMi
AÂjxq kvwšÍ m‡¤§j‡bI †hvM w`‡qwQjvg| GKB mv‡_ GUvI Avwg my¯úófv‡e D‡jøL
Ki‡Z PvB, wek¦kvwšÍ Avgvi Rxeb`k©‡bi g~jbxwZ| wbcxwoZ, wbhv©wZZ, †kvwlZ, kvwšÍ I
¯^vaxbZvKvgx msMÖvgx gvbyl, †h †Kvb ¯’v‡bB †nvK bv †Kb, Zvu‡ì mv‡_ Avwg i‡qwQ|
Avgiv PvB we‡k¦i me©Î kvwšÍ eRvq _vKzK, Zv‡K mymsnZ Kiv ‡nvK| e„nr kw³eM©,
we‡klfv‡e AvMÖvmx bxwZi Abymvix KwZcq gnvkw³i A¯¿-m¾v Z_v A¯¿ cªwZ‡hvwMZvi
d‡j AvR GK m¼URbK Ae¯’vi m„wó n‡q‡Q| Avgiv PvB, A¯¿ cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq e¨wqZ A_©
50
`ywbqvi `ytLx gvby‡li Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ wb‡qvM Kiv ‡nvK| Zvn‡j c„w_ex †_‡K `vwi‡`ªi
Awfkvc gy‡Q †djvi KvR A‡bK mnRmva¨ n‡e|
Avgiv me©cÖKvi A¯¿ cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi cwie‡Z© `ywbqvi mKj †kvwlZ I wbcxwoZ
gvby‡li Kj¨v‡Y wek¦vmx e‡jB we‡k¦i me ‡`k I RvwZi eÜzZ¡ Kvgbv Kwi| mK‡ji mv‡_
eÜzZ¡, Kv‡iv cÖwZ we‡Øl bq, kvwšÍc~Y© mn Ae¯’v‡bi GB bxwZ‡Z Avgiv Av¯’vkxj| ZvB
mvgwiK †RvU¸‡jvi evB‡i †_‡K mwµq wbi‡cÿ ciivóªbxwZ Avgiv AbymiY K‡i P‡jwQ|
ïay miKv‡ii bxwZB bq, AvšÍRv©wZK kvwšÍ I msnwZ my`„p Kiv Avgv‡ì msweav‡bi
Ab¨Zg Abykvmb| Avcbviv wbðqB AeMZ Av‡Qb, Avgv‡ì msweavb RvZxqZvev`,
MYZš¿, mgvRZš¿ I ag©wbi‡cÿZv- GB PviwU ¯Í‡¤¢i DciB iwPZ| GB Av`‡k©i wfwË‡ZB
Avgiv GKwU †kvlYgy³ mgvR eë¯’v Kv‡qg Ki‡Z PvB|
Avgv‡ì gyw³msMÖv‡gi Av‡jv‡KB RvZxq ¯^vaxbZv I mve©‡fŠg‡Z¡i g~j¨ Avgiv
Abyaveb K‡iwQ| Avgiv Rvwb, gyw³Kvgx gvby‡li b¨vqm½Z msMÖvg A‡¯¿i †Rv‡i ¯Íä Kiv
hvq bv| †mRb¨ wf‡qZbvg, K‡¤^vwWqv, jvIm, G¨v‡½vjv, †gvRvw¤^K, wMwb wemvDmn `ywbqvi
mKj Dcwb‡ek-we‡ivax msMÖv‡gi cÖwZ Avgiv Rvwb‡qwQ AKzÉ mg_©b| Avgiv †ÿvf cÖKvk
Kwi Ab¨vqfv‡e Avie GjvKv BmivBj KZ…©K †Rvic~e©K `L‡j ivLvi weiy‡×| Avgiv
wØavnxb wP‡Ë wb›`v Kwi `wÿY Avwd«Kv mn we‡k¦i mKj ¯’v‡bi eY©‡fèv`x bxwZi| Avgiv
mg_©b RvbvB wek¦kvwšÍ, wbi¯¿xKiY I gvbe Kj¨v‡Yi †h †Kvb gnr cÖ‡Póv‡K|
wek¦kvwšÍ I gvbKKj¨vY Avgv‡ì Ab¨Zg g~jbxwZ nIqvi Rb¨B ïiy †_‡K Avgiv
GB Dcgnv‡`‡ki ¯’vqx kvwšÍi Rb¨ †Póv K‡i AvmwQ| wKš‘ `yt†Li welq, cvwKšÍv‡bi ‰eix
g‡bvfv‡ei ìæb Avgv‡ì cÖ‡Póv djeZx nqwb| cvwK¯Ívb evi evi Dcgnv‡`‡ki bZzb
ev¯ÍeZv‡K †g‡b wb‡Z A¯^xKvi K‡i G‡m‡Q| ¯’vqx kvwšÍ I gvbe Kj¨v‡Y Avgv‡ì
D‡`¨v‡Mi me©‡kl cÖgvY 17 GwcÖ‡j fviZ-evsjv‡`k hy³ †NvlYv| GB †NvlYvq ¯’vqx kvwšÍ
cÖwZôvi m~Î Lyu‡R †ei Kivi AbyK~j cwi‡ek m„wói D‡Ï‡k¨ gvbweK mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨
cÖ¯vÍ e Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB cÖ¯Ív‡ei AbyK~‡j mvov †`qvi cwie‡Z© cvwK¯Ívb cÖwZwnsmvg~jK
eë¯’v MÖnY K‡i †eAvBbxfv‡e AvUK wbiciva evOvjx‡ì e›`xwbev‡m Aeiæ× K‡i
†i‡L‡Q| GB fv‡e cvwK¯Ívb GK¸u‡q bxwZ Dcgnv‡`‡ki ¯’vqx kvwšÍ cÖwZôvi c‡_ AšÍivq
n‡q `vuov‡”Q| ïay ZvB bq, †KD †KD Avevi bZzb K‡i cvwK¯Ívb‡K mw¾Z K‡i P‡j‡Qb
bZzb bZzb mgiv‡¯¿| wbtm‡›`‡n GUv ¯’vqx kvwšÍi †h †Kvb ïf D‡`¨v‡Mi c‡_ AšÍivq m„wó
Ki‡Z cv‡i| Avwg Gi cÖwZ wek¦evmxi `„wó AvKl©Y KiwQ| Rq evsjv| Rq wek¦kvwšÍ|
51
RvwZms‡N e½eÜzi HwZnvwmK fvlY
(23 †m‡Þ¤î, 1974)
(RvwZms‡N wZwbB cÖ_g ivóªbvqK whwb evsjv fvlvq e³„Zv K‡ib)

Rbve mfvcwZ,
AvR GB gnvgwngvwš^Z mgv‡e‡k ùvovBqv Avcbv‡ì mv‡_ Avwg GB Rb¨ cwic~Y© mšÍwói
fvMx`vi †h evsjv‡`‡ki mv‡o 7 †KvwU gvbyl AvR GB cwil‡` cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Kwi‡Z‡Qb|
AvZ¥wbqš¿YvwaKvi cÖwZôvi msMÖv‡gi c~Y©Zv wPwýZ Kwiqv evOvwj RvwZi Rb¨ Bnv GKwU
HwZnvwmK gyn~Z©| ¯^vaxbfv‡e evuPvi AwaKvi AR©‡bi Rb¨ Ges GKwU ¯^vaxb †`‡k gy³
bvMwi‡Ki ghv©`v wbqv evuPvi Rb¨ evOvwj RbMY kZvãxi ci kZvãxe¨vcx msMÖvg
Kwiqv‡Qb, Zvnviv we‡k¦i mKj RvwZi mv‡_ kvwšÍ I †mŠnv`¨© wbqv evm Kievi Rb¨
AvKvw•ÿZ wQ‡jb| †h gnvb Av`k© RvwZmsN mb‡` iwÿZ Av‡Q Avgv‡ì jÿ jÿ gvbyl
†mB Av`©‡ki Rb¨ m‡ev©”P Z¨vM ¯^xKvi Kwiqv‡Qb| Avwg Rvwb, kvwšÍ I b¨vq cÖwZôvi
D‡Ï‡k¨ mKj gvby‡li Avkv-AvKv•ÿv ev¯Íevq‡bi Dc‡hvMx GKwU wek¦ Mwoqv †Zvjvi Rb¨
evOvwj RvwZ c~Y© cÖwZkÖæwZe×, Avgv‡ì GB A½xKv‡ii mv‡_ knx`v‡bi we‡`nx AvZ¥vI
wgwjZ nB‡e| Bnv we‡kl Avb‡›ì e¨vcvi †h ¯^vaxbZvhy‡×i GKRb mwµq †hv×v mfvcwZ
_vKvKv‡jB evsjv‡`k‡K GB cwil‡ì AšÍf~©³ Kwiqv †bIqv nBqv‡Q| Rbve mfvcwZ, MZ
eQ‡ii †m‡Þ¤î gv‡m AvjwRqv‡m© AbywôZ †RvUwbi‡cÿ †`k¸wji kxl©m‡¤§j‡bi
mvd‡jï e¨vcv‡i Avcbv‡ì g~jëvb Ae`v‡bi K_v Avwg ¯§iY Kwi‡ZwQ|
hvu‡ì Z¨v‡Mi wewbg‡q evsjv‡`k wek¦-mgv‡R ¯’vbjvf Kwiqv‡Q GB my‡hv‡M Avwg
Zvu‡ì‡KI Awfev`b RvbvB| evsjv‡`‡ki msMÖv‡g mg_©b`vbKvix mKj †`k I RbM‡Yi
cÖwZ Avwg Mfxi K…ZÁZv cÖKvk Kwi‡ZwQ| evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv msnZKiY, hy×weaŸ¯Í
†`‡ki cyYM©Vb I fqven P¨v‡j‡Äi †gvKvwejvq evsjv‡`k‡K hvunviv g~jëvb mvnvh¨
w`‡Z‡Qb Zuvnv‡ì‡KI Avgiv abëv` RvbvB| RvwZms‡N hvunviv Avgv‡ì ¯^vMZ
RvbvBqv‡Qb Zvu‡ì‡K Avwg evsjv‡`‡ki cÿ nB‡Z AvšÍwiK abëv` RvbvB‡ZwQ|
evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³msMÖvg nB‡Z‡Q mvwe©K A‡_© kvwšÍ Ges b¨v‡qi msMÖvg Avi †mB
Rb¨B Rb¥jMœ nB‡ZB evsjv‡`k we‡k¦i wbcxwoZ RbZvi cv‡k¦© `vuovBqv Avwm‡ZwQ|
RvwZmsN cÖwZôvi c‡i GB 25 erm‡ii AwfÁZv nB‡Z ‡`Lv hvq †h, GBme bxwZgvjvi
ev¯Íevq‡b Ae¨vnZfv‡e wK Zxeª msMÖvg PvjvBqv hvB‡Z nB‡Z‡Q| Gwkqv, Avwd«Kv Ges
j¨vwUb Av‡gwiKvi jÿ jÿ exi †hv×vi Pig AvZ¥`v‡bi gva¨‡g ïaygvÎ RvwZmsN mb`
¯^xK…Z AvZ¥wbqš¿YvwaKvi cybiæ×vi m¤¢e|
52
AvMÖvm‡bi gva¨‡g †eAvBbxfv‡e f~LÛ `Lj, RbM‡Yi AwaKvi ni‡Yi Rb¨
†mbvevwnbx eënvi Ges RvwZMZ êlg¨ I eY©‰el‡gï weiæ‡× msMÖvg GL‡bv Ae¨vnZ
iwnqv‡Q| AvjwRwiqv, wf‡qZbvg, evsjv‡`k Ges wMwbwemvB GB msMÖv‡g weivU weRq
AR©b Kwiqv‡Q|
P~ovšÍ weR‡q BwZnvm †h RbMY I b¨v‡qi c‡ÿB hvq, GBme weRq GB K_vB
cÖgvY KwiqvwQ| wKš‘ we‡k¦i eû As‡k GL‡bv AwePvi I wbcxob Pwj‡Z‡Q| A‰ea
`LjK…Z f~LÛ cyivcywi gy³ Kivi Rb¨ Avgv‡ì Avie fvB‡ì msMÖvg Ae¨vnZ iwnqv‡Q
Ges c¨v‡j÷vBbx RbM‡Yi êa RvZxq AwaKvi GL‡bv cybtcÖwZôv Kiv nq bvB|
Dcwb‡ek we‡jvc cÖwµqvi hwÌ AMÖMwZ nBqv‡Q wKš‘ GB cÖwµqv GL‡bv P~ovšÍ j‡ÿ¨
†cŠuQvq bvB, we‡kl Kwiqv Avwd«Kvi †ÿ‡Î GB mZ¨wU ¯úó nBqv DwVqv‡Q| GB AÂ‡ji
wR¤^vey‡q (`wÿY †iv‡Wwkqv) Ges bvwgweqvi RbMY RvZxq gyw³ I ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ `„pZvi
mv‡_ jovB Kwiqv hvB‡Z‡Q| eY©‰elgëv`, hvnv‡K gvbeZvi we‡ivax ewjqv evi evi
AvL¨vwqZ Kiv nBqv‡Q Zvnv GLv‡b Avgv‡ì we‡eK‡K `skb Kiv Ae¨vnZ ivwLqv‡Q|
GKw`‡K AZx‡Zi Ab¨vq-AwePv‡ii Aemvb NUvB‡Z nB‡Z‡Q, Aciw`‡K Avgiv
AvMvgx w`‡bi P¨v‡j‡Äi m¤§yLxb nB‡ZwQ| AvwRKvi w`‡b we‡k¦i RvwZmg~n †Kvb c_
evwQqv wb‡e Zvnv jBqv msK‡U cwoqv‡Q| GB c_ evwQqv †bIqvi we‡ePbvi Dci wbf©i
Kwi‡e Avgiv mvgwMÖK aŸs‡mi fxwZ Geys AvYweK hy‡×i ûgwK wbqv Ges ÿyav, †eKviZ¡ I
`vwi‡`ªi KkvNv‡Z gvbweK `yM©wZ‡K wecyjfv‡e evovBqv Zzwjqv AvMvBqv hvBe A_ev Avgiv
Ggb GK wek¦ Mwoqv †Zvjvi c‡_ AvMvBqv hvBe †h we‡k¦ gvby‡li m„RbkxjZv Ges
Avgv‡ì mg‡qi weÁvb I KvwiMwi AMÖMwZ AvYweK hy‡×i ûgwKgy³ D¾¡jZi fwel¨‡Zi
iƒcvqY m¤¢e Kwiqv Zzwj‡e| Ges †h wek¦ KvwiMwiwe`¨v I m¤ú‡ì cvi¯úwiK
Askx`vwi‡Z¡i gva¨‡g me©‡ÿ‡Î my›ì Rxeb Mwoqv †Zvjvi Ae¯’v m„wó Kwi‡e| †h
A_©‰bwZK D‡ËRbv m¤cÖwZ mgMÖ wek¦‡K bvov w`qv‡Q Zvnv GKwU b¨vqm½Z AvšÍRv©wZK
A_©‰bwZK eë¯’v Mwoqv Zzwjqv Riæixfv‡e †gvKvwejv Kwi‡Z nB‡e| GB erm‡ii cÖ_g
w`‡K GB cwil‡ì we‡kl Awa‡ekb eZ©gvb RwUj AvšÍR©vwZK A_©‰bwZK cwiw¯’wZi cÖwZ
¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc Kwiqv‡Q|
eZ©gvb A_©‰bwZK cwiw¯’wZ evsjv‡`k‡K gvivZ¥Kfv‡e AvNvZ nvwbqv‡Q| hy‡×i
aŸsmjxjvi Dci m„ó evsjv‡`k cici KwZcq cÖvK…wZK `y‡hv©‡Mi m¤§yLxb nBqv‡Q| Avgiv
me©‡k‡l †h cÖvK…wZK `y‡hv©‡Mi m¤§yLxb nBqvwQ Zvnv nB‡Z‡Q GB erm‡ii bwRiwenxb
eb¨v| GB cwiw¯’wZ †gvKvwejvq evsjv‡`k‡K mvnvh¨ Kivi e¨vcv‡i mwµq Drmvn cÖ`k©b
Kivq Avgiv RvwZmsN, Zvi wewfbœ ms¯’v I gnvmwP‡ei Kv‡Q K…ZÁ|
53
AvjwRwiqvi †cÖwm‡W›U ey‡g`xb Ges ciivóª gš¿x ey‡Zwd¬Kv evsjv‡`‡ki mvnv‡h¨
AvMvBqv Avmvi Rb¨ †RvUwbi‡cÿ †`kmg~‡ni cÖwZ AvnŸvb RvbvBqv‡Qb| wgÎ‡`k¸wj
Ges we‡k¦i gvbweK ms¯’v mg~nI G e¨vcv‡i mvov w`qv‡Q| GB cÖvK…wZK wech©‡qi d‡j
evsjv‡`‡ki A_©‰bwZK AMÖMwZB ïay e¨vnZ nq bvB Bnvi d‡j †`‡k AvR `ywf© ÿve¯’vi
m„wó nBqv‡Q| BnvQvov wek¦e¨vcx gy`ªvùxwZi ìæb Avgv‡ì g‡Zv ‡`k¸wj‡Z `vq
cwi‡kv‡ai †ÿ‡Î nvRvi nvRvi Wjvi k~b¨Zvi m„wó nBqv‡Q| Bnvi A_© GB `vuovq †h
evwl©K gv_vwcQy GKk Wjv‡iI Kg Av‡qi RbMY eZ©gv‡b gvivZ¥K msK‡Ui m¤§yLxb
nBqv‡Q| Zvnviv eZ©gvb ¯Í‡ii PvB‡ZI Zv‡ì RxebhvÎvi gvb KgvBqv Avwb‡Z eva¨
nBqv‡Q|
wek¦Lv`¨ ms¯’vi we‡ePbvq ïaygvÎ evuwPqv _vKvi Rb¨ †h me©wb¤œ mvgMÖxi cÖ‡qvRb,
Zvnvi PvB‡ZI Kg †fvM Kwiqv‡Q †hme gvbyl Zvnviv AvR Abvnv‡ii gy‡L cwZZ
nBqv‡Q| `wi`ª †`k¸wji fwel¨Z Av‡iv AÜKvi| wk‡ívbœZ ‡`k¸wji ißvbx cY¨, Lv`¨
mvgMÖxi µgea©b g~‡jï ìæb Zvnv AvR µgkt Zvnv‡ì bvMv‡ji evwn‡i Pvwj‡q
hvB‡Z‡Q| Lv`¨ Drcv`‡b ¯^q¤¢iZv AR©‡bi Rb¨ Zvnv‡ì cÖ‡PóvI cÖ‡qvRbxq Drcv`‡bi
mnvqK mvgMÖxi µgea©gvb g~jë„w× I `y®cÖvc¨Zvi d‡j cÖPÛfv‡e wewNœZ nB‡Z‡Q|
cvkvcvwk wek¦e¨vcx gy`ªvùxwZi d‡j BwZg‡a¨B `vwi`ª I e¨vcK ‡eKvi‡Z¡i wb‡®úl‡Y
cwZZ †`k¸wj Zvnv‡ì cvuP nB‡Z Qq kZvsk Drcv`b e„w×i nvi m¤^wjZ cwiwgZ Dbœqb
cwiKíbv QvuUvB Kivi fqvbK AvksKvi ûgwK‡Z cwZZ nBqv‡Q| GB gy`ªvùxwZi d‡j
†KejgvÎ Dbœqb cÖK‡íi LiPB eû¸Y evwoqv hvq bvB, Dciš‘ Zvnv‡ì wbR¯^ m¤ú`
Kv‡R jvMvBevi Rb¨ Zvnv‡ì mvg_©Ï cÖwZK~jfv‡e Kwgqv wMqv‡Q|
GB cwiw¯’wZ †gvKvwejvi Rb¨ we‡k¦i RvwZmg~n HKë×fv‡e Kvh©µg MÖnY Kwi‡Z
bv cvwi‡j gvby‡li `ytL-`y`©kv Av‡iv Pi‡g DwV‡e, BwZnv‡m Bnvi cÖgvY cvIqv hvq|
gvby‡li †mB `ytL-`y`©kvi Avi †Kvb c~e©eZx© bRxi cvIqv hvB‡e bv| Bnvi cvkvcvwk
Ae¨kB _vwK‡e ïwUK‡qK †jv‡Ki AcÖZ¨vwkZ myL-mg„w×| ïaygvÎ gvbweK msnwZ I
åvZ…Z¡‡eva Mwoqv †Zvjv Ges cvi¯úwiK ¯^wbf©iZvi ¯^xK…wZ GB cwiw¯’wZi hyw³hy³
mgvavb Avwb‡Z cv‡i Ges GB gnvwech©q cwinvi Kwievi Rb¨ Riæix eë¯’v MÖnY
AZ¨vek¨K|
GKwU h_v_© AvšÍRv©wZK A_©‰bwZK eë¯’v Mwoqv †Zvjvi c`‡ÿc wb‡Z RvwZmsN‡K
Gi Av‡M †Kv_vI GB ai‡bi P¨v‡j‡Äi †gvKvwejv Kwi‡Z nq bvB| GB ai‡bi eë¯’vq
ïaygvÎ wbR wbR cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡ì Dci cÖ‡Z¨K iv‡óªi mve©‡fŠg AwaKvi‡K wbwðZ KivB
bq, Bnv‡Z GKwU Ges h_v_© A_©‰bwZK eë¯’vi Rb¨ we‡k¦i †`k¸wji mvaviY ¯^v‡_©i
wfwË‡Z AvšÍRv©wZK KvVv‡gv cÖYq‡biI eë¯’v _vwK‡Z nB‡e| GB gyn~‡Z© Avgiv cÖ‡Z¨K
54
gvby‡li Rb¨ gvbevwaKv‡ii AvšÍRv©wZK †NvlYvq ¯^xK…Z gy³fv‡e A_©‰bwZK mvgvwRK Ges
mvs¯‹…wZK myweav †fv‡Mi b¨vh¨ AwaKvi wbwðZ Kivi AvšÍRv©wZK `vwq‡Z¡i K_v
Ø¨_©nxbfv‡e cybiy‡jøL Kwi‡ZwQ| AvšÍRv©wZK †NvlYv Abyhvqx cÖ‡Z¨KwU gvby‡li ¯^v¯’¨ Ges
cwiev‡ii Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ ch©vß RxebhvÎvi eë¯’v wbwðZ Kwi‡Z nB‡e|
Avgiv GB e¨vcv‡i m¤ú~Y© m‡PZb †h eZ©gvb A_©‰bwZK m¼U ïaygvÎ kvwšÍ Ges
AvšÍRv©wZK mg‡SvZvi cwi‡e‡kB mgvavb Kiv m¤¢e| GB cÖm‡½ D‡jøL¨ †h, eZ©gvb A¯¿
cÖwZ‡hvwMZv wbqš¿Y Kivi Riyix eë¯’v wb‡Z nB‡e| Bnv‡Z ïaygvÎ GB ai‡bi cwi‡ekB
m„wó nB‡e bv, Bnv‡Z A¯¿m¾vi Rb¨ †h wecyj m¤ú` AcPq nB‡Z‡Q ZvnvI gvbeZvi
Kj¨v‡Y wb‡qvwRZ Kiv hvB‡e|
evsjv‡`k cÖ_g nB‡ZB kvwšÍc~Y© mn-Ae¯’vb I mK‡ji cÖwZ eÜzZ¡ GB bxwZgvjvi
Dci wfwË Kwiqv †RvUwbi‡cÿ bxwZ MÖnY Kwiqv‡Q| †KejgvÎ kvwšÍc~Y© cwi‡ekB Kójä
RvZxq ¯^vaxbZvi dj †fvM Kwi‡Z Avgv‡ì‡K mÿg Kwiqv Zzwj‡e Ges mÿg Kwiqv
Zzwj‡e `vwi`ª, ÿzav, †ivM, Awkÿv I †eKvi‡Z¡i weiy‡× jovB Kwievi Rb¨ Avgv‡ì mKj
kw³ I m¤ú`‡K mgv‡ek I †K›`ªxf~Z Kwi‡Z| GB aviYv nB‡Z Rb¥ wbqv‡Q kvwšÍi cÖwZ
Avgv‡ì cÖwZkÖywZ| GB Rb¨ mg‡SvZvi AMÖMwZ, D‡ËRbv cÖkgb, A¯¿ mxwgZKiY Ges
kvwšÍc~Y© mn-Ae¯’vb bxwZi m¤cÖmvi‡Yi j‡ÿ¨ Gwkqv, Avwd«Kv, BD‡ivc, j¨vwUb
Av‡gwiKv-we‡k¦i †h †Kvb As‡k †h †Kvb cÖ‡Póv MÖnY Kiv nDK bv †Kb, Avgiv Zvnv‡K
¯^vMZ RvbvB| GB bxwZi cÖwZ AwePj _vwKqv Avgiv fviZ gnvmvMixq GjvKv m¤ú‡K©
kvwšÍ GjvKvi aviYv, hvnv GB cwil` Aby‡gv`b Kwiqv‡Q, Zvnv‡K mg_©b Kwi|
Avgiv `wÿY-c~e© Gwkqv‡K kvwšÍ, ¯^vaxb Ges wbi‡cÿ GjvKvq cwiYZ Kivi
cÖwZI mg_©b RvbvB|
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cv‡i|
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55
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56
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GB e¨vcv‡i ¯^í nB‡jI GKwU `„óvšÍ m~Pbv Kwiqv‡Q| jÿ¨ c~i‡Y D‡`¨vM mgwš^Z Kivi
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Kwi‡Z PvB| Avgv‡ì g‡Zv †hBme †`k msMÖvg I AvZ¥`v‡bi gva¨‡g wb‡R‡ì‡K
cÖwZwôZ Kwiqv‡Q, GB wek¦vm Zvnv‡ì `„p| Avgiv `ytL †fvM Kwi‡Z cvwi wKš‘ gwie bv|
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fvexKv‡ji Rb¨ Avgv‡ì wb‡R‡ì‡K Mwoqv Zywjevi Rb¨ RbM‡Yi HKë× I mgwš^Z
cÖqv‡mi gva¨‡gB Avgiv AvMvBqv hvBe|
57
wek¦eÜz kZel©x n‡j
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wb‡q wZwb cwievi †Kw›`ªK| hvi wPšÍv †`k ev RvwZ wb‡q wZwb RvZxq †bZv| hvi wPšÍv
mgMÖ gvbeRvwZ‡K wb‡q wZwb ïay RvZxqZvev`x bb wZwb wek¦‡bZv| 1970 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b
Rq jv‡fi AvM ch©šÍ e½eÜz wQ‡jb AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †bZv| Rqjv‡fi ci wZwb n‡q
DV‡jb mgMÖ evsjv‡`‡ki †bZv| gyw³ msMÖv‡g Rq jvf K‡i wZwb n‡q DV‡jb RvwZi
RbK| mgq cwiµgvq me cÖMwZkxj gvby‡li wPšÍviB µ‡gvbœwZ n‡Z _v‡K| e½eÜzi g‡Zv
cig cÖMwZkxj †bZv wK RvwZi RbK n‡qB †_‡g wQ‡jb ? ¯^vaxb‡`‡ki ivóªcaÖ vb nIqvi
ci wZwb ax‡i ax‡i wek¦gvbeZvi †bZv Z_v wek¦‡bZvq DbœxZ nb| gvbyl Abyf~wZ I
Av‡eMcÖeY DbœZ cÖvYx| k~b¨ †_‡K gvby‡li K_v Av‡m bv| gvby‡li wPšÍv Kíbv Z_v
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MYZ‡š¿i AZ›`ª cÖnix Ges wbcxwoZ RbM‡Yi AK…wÎg eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K wek¦eÜz
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Avgiv PvB we‡k¦i me©Î kvwšÍ eRvq _vKzK, Zv‡K mymsnZ Kiv ‡nvK| e„nr kw³eM©,
we‡klfv‡e AvMÖvmx bxwZi Abymvix KwZcq gnvkw³i A¯¿-m¾v Z_v A¯¿ cªwZ‡hvwMZvi
d‡j AvR GK m¼URbK Ae¯’vi m„wó n‡q‡Q| Avgiv PvB, A¯¿ cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq e¨wqZ A_©
`ywbqvi `ytLx gvby‡li Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ wb‡qvM Kiv ‡nvK| Zvn‡j c„w_ex †_‡K `vwi‡`ªi
Awfkvc gy‡Q †djvi KvR A‡bK mnRmva¨ n‡e|
Avgiv me©cÖKvi A¯¿ cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi cwie‡Z© `ywbqvi mKj †kvwlZ I wbcxwoZ
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eÜzZ¡, Kv‡iv cÖwZ we‡Øl bq, kvwšÍc~Y© mn Ae¯’v‡bi GB bxwZ‡Z Avgiv Av¯’vkxj|Õ 23
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58
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m‡›`nvZxZfv‡e bi‡Ki KxU Z_v `vbe wQj|
59
Poet of Politics
When Sheik Mujibur Rahman proclaimed the independence of
Bangladesh last week some of his critics declared that he was merely
yielding to the pressure on his extremist supporters, seeking to ride
the crest of a wave in order to avoid being engulfed by it. But in a
sense Mujib’s emergence as the embattled by it. But in a sense
Mujib’s emergence as the embattle leader of a new Bengal `Nation’ is
the logical outcome of a lifetime spent fighting the crest of a wave, his
presence there is not an accidental.
Born just 51 years ago to a well-to-do landowner in a village near
Dacca, Mujib went through his early schooling without distinguishing
himself by intellectual accomplishment. He was outgoing and popular
as a boy, fond of talk and people and sports and by the time he went
to calcutta’s Islamia college for a liberal arts degree he had come to
the attention of his elders as a Moslem League activist. His mentor
then was H.S. Suhrawardy ,Prime Minister of Pakistan.Mujib studied
law , but unlike Suhrawardy,a moderate , he soon devloped a
penchant for ditrect action. In the late `40s both men realized that
their native state of Bangal was getting less than its due in the new
nation of Pakistan. Suhrawerdy in 1949 founded new party, the
Awami League,sedicated to a ùnited Bengal for the Bengalis.’Mujib
took to the streets and was twice arrested and jailed for leading illegal
striks and demonostrations.
Out of prison Mujib became Suhrawardy’s right-hand man within the
Awami league but then destroyed his leader’s efforts to compromise
and from a coalition with other parties. Mujib’s success enabled the
Awami League to from a new East Pakistan Provincial Government in
60
1956, and he served in it for seven months as Minister of commerce
and lndustry. After Suhrawardy died in 1963, Mujib apparently felt
less hampered by the older man’s principles of moderation. He
revived the Awami League, pursued his ìnstinctive’ style of politics,
and demanded internal self-rule. when Mohammed Ayub Khan had
him arrested again in 1966, on charges of poltting to make East
Pakistan independent, East Pakistan came close to open rebellion, and
the turmoil forcd Ayub to release Mujib and resign. Mujib emerged as
a hero to this people.
Tall for a Bengali (he stands 5 feet 11 inches), with a stock of graying
hair, a bushy moustache and alert black eyes, Mujib can attract a
crowd of a million people to his rallies and hold them spellbound with
great rolling waves of emotional rhetoric, Èven when you are talking
alone with him,’ says a diplomat, `he talks like he’s addressing 60,000
people.’ Eloquent in Urdu, Bengali and English, three languages of
pakistan, Mujib does not pretend to be an original thinker. He is a
poet of politics, an engineer, but the Bengalis tend to be more artistic
than technical, anyhow, and so his style may be just what needs to
unite all the classes and ideologies of the region. A month ago, at a
time when he was still publicly refraining from proclaiming
independence, Mujib privately told Newsweek’s Loren jenkins that
`there is no hope of salvaging the situation. The country as we know it
is finished.’ But he waited for President Mohammed Yahya Khan to
make the break. `We are the majority so we cannot secede. They, the
Westerners, are the minority, and it is up to them to secede.’
Two weeks leter as the crisis deepened, hundreds of Bengalis
crowded the yard and hallways of Mujib’s home in suburban Dacca,
and, puffing on a pipe (`the only foreigh thing I use’), he cheerfully
spoke to them all. After addressing one enthusiastic gathering Sheikh
Mujibur Rahman turned to Western newsmen and said : Ì have this
sort of thing from 5 am on. Do you think anyone can suppress this
spirit with machineguns?’ A few days later someone was trying. [
Newsweek, 5 April 1971]
61
e½eÜyi m‡½ †WwfW d«‡÷i mvÿvrKvi
(XvKv, Rvbyvqvwi 1972)
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evox‡ZB cvwK¯Ívb evwnbx Avcbv‡K †M«ßvi K‡iwQj | Avgiv ïbwQjvg, †Uwj‡dv‡b
Avcbv‡K mveavb Kiv n‡qwQj, mvgwiK evwnbx AM«mi n‡Z ïiy K‡i‡Q | wKš‘ Zey
Avcwb Avcbvi evox cwiZ¨vM Ki‡jb bv| Avcwb †M«ßvi n‡jb | †Kb Avcwb
wb‡Ri evox †Q‡o Aci †Kv_vI †M‡jb bv Ges †M«ßvieiY Ki‡jb? †Kb GB
wm×všÍ? Zvi K_v ejyb|
‡kL gywReyi ingvb : nüv, †m GK Kvwnbx| Zv ejv c«†qvRb| †m mÜ¨vq
Avgvi evox cvwK¯Ívb mvgwiK RvšÍvi Kgv†Ûv evwnbx †NivI K‡iwQj |
Iiv Avgv‡K nZ¨v Ki‡Z †P‡qwQj| c«_‡g Iiv †f‡ewQj,
Avwg evox †_‡K †ewi‡q G‡j Iiv Avgv‡K nZ¨v Ki‡e Ges c«Pvi K‡i †`‡e †h,
Zviv hLb Avgvi mv‡_ ivR‰bwZK Avc‡mi Av†jvPbv KiwQj,
ZLb evsjv‡`‡ki Pigcš’xivB Avgv‡K nZ¨v K‡i‡Q |
Avwg evox †_‡K †e†iv†bv bv †e†iv†bv wb‡q wPšÍv Kijvg| Avwg RvbZvg,
cvwK¯Ívb evwnbx GK ee©i evwnbx | Avwg RvbZvg, Avwg AvZ¥†Mvcb Ki‡j Iiv
‡`‡ki mg¯Í gvbyl‡KB nZ¨v Ki‡e| GK nZ¨vhÁ Iiv mgvav Ki‡e| Avwg w¯’i
Kijvg, Avwg gwi, ZvI fv†jv, Zey Avgvi wcÖq †`kevmx iÿv cvK |
‡WwfW d«÷ : Avcwb nq†Zv †KvjKvZv P‡j †h‡Z cvi‡Zb|
‡kL gywReyi ingvb : Avwg B”Qv Ki‡j †h †Kv†bv RvqMvq †h‡Z cviZvg|
wKš‘ Avgvi †`kevmx‡K cwiZ¨vM K‡i Avwg †Kgb K‡i hv†ev? Avwg Zv‡ì †bZv|
Avwg msM«vg Ki†ev | g…ZÿeiY Ki†ev| cvwj‡q †Kb hv†ev? †`kevmxi Kv‡Q Avgvi
AvnŸvb wQj, †Zvgiv cÖwZ†iva M‡o †Zv†jv|
‡WwfW d«÷ : Avcbvi wm×všÍ Aek¨B mwVK wQj| KviY G NUbvB weMZ bq
62
gvm a‡i evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li Kv‡Q Avcbv‡K Zv‡ì GKwU wek¦v‡mi c«Zx†K
cwiYZ K‡i‡Q| Avcwb GLb Zv‡ì Kv‡Q c«vq Ck¦ier|
‡kL gywReyi ingvb : Avwg Zv ewjwb| wKš‘ G K_v mZ¨, Zviv Avgv‡K
fv†jvev‡m| Avwg Avgvi evsjvi gvbyl‡K fv†jv‡e‡mwQjvg| Avwg Zv‡ì Rxeb‡K
iÿv Ki‡Z †P‡qwQjvg| wKš‘ nvbv`vi ee©i evwnbx Avgv‡K †m iv‡Z Avgvi evox
†_‡K †M«ßvi Kij | Iiv Avgvi wb‡Ri evox aŸsm K‡i w`j| Avgvi M«v‡gi evox,
†hLv‡b 90 eQ‡ii e…× wcZv Ges 80 eQ‡ii e…× Rbbx wQ‡jb, †m evoxI aŸsm
K‡i w`j| Iiv M«v‡g †dŠR cvwV‡q Avgvi evev-gv‡K evox †_‡K weZvwoZ K‡i
Zv‡ì †Pv‡Li mvg‡b †m evox‡Z Av¸b awi‡q w`j? evev-gvi Avi †Kv†bv Avk«q
iBj bv| Iiv me wKQyB R¡vwj‡q w`‡qwQj| Avwg †f‡ewQjvg, Avgv‡K †c‡j Iiv
Avgvi nZfvM¨ gvbyl‡ì nZ¨v Ki‡e bv| wKš‘ Avwg RvbZvg, Avgv‡ì msMV‡bi
kw³ Av‡Q| Avwg GKwU kw³kvjx msMVb‡K Rxebe¨vcx M‡o Zy‡jwQjvg | RbMY
Zvi wfwË | Avwg RvbZvg, Zviv †kl ch©šÍ jovB Ki‡e| Avwg Zv‡ì e‡jwQjvg,
cÖwZ BwÂ‡Z †Zvgiv jovB Ki‡e| Avwg e‡jwQjvg, nq†Zv GUvB Avgvi †kl
wb‡`©k| wKš‘ gyw³ AR©b bv Kiv ch©šÍ Zv‡ì jovB Ki‡Z n‡e | jovB Zv‡ì
Pvwj‡q †h‡Z n‡e|
‡WwfW d«÷ : Avcbv‡K Iiv wVK wKfv‡e †M«ßvi K‡iwQj? ZLb †Zv ivZ 1:30 wQj?
ZvB bq wK? ZLb wK NU†jv?
‡kL gywReyi ingvb : Iiv c«_‡g Avgvi evoxi Ici †gwkbMv‡bi ¸wj Pvwj‡qwQj|
‡WwfW d«÷ : Iiv hLb G†jv, ZLb Avcwb evoxi †KvbLvbUv‡Z wQ‡jb?
‡kL gywReyi ingvb : GB †hUv †`L‡Qb, GUv Avgvi †kvevi Ni | Avwg GB †kvevi
N‡iB ZLb e‡mwQjvg| Gw`K †_‡K Iiv †gwkbMvb Pvjv‡Z Avi¤¢ K‡i |
Zvic‡i Gw`K, Iw`K-mew`K †_‡K ¸wj Qyo‡Z Avi¤¢ K‡i |
Rvbvjvi Ici ¸wj Pvjvq|
‡WwfW d«÷ : G¸†jv me ZLb aŸsm nq wM‡qwQj?
‡kL gywReyi ingvb : nu¨v, me aŸsm K‡iwQj| Avwg ZLb Avgvi cwievi
cwiRb‡ì mv‡_ wQjvg| GKUv ¸wj Avgvi †kvevi N‡i G‡m c‡o| Avgvi Qq
eQ‡ii †QvU †Q‡jwU weQvbvi Ici ZLb †kvqv wQj| Avgvi ¯¿x GB †kvevi N‡i
`ywU mšÍvb wb‡q e‡mwQ‡jb|
‡WwfW d«÷ : cvwK¯Ívb evwnbx †Kvb w`K w`‡q Xy‡KwQj?
‡kL gywReyi ingvb : mew`K w`‡q| Iiv GKevi Rvbvjvi ga¨ w`‡q ¸wj
Qzo‡Z ïiy K‡i| Avwg Avgvi ¯¿x‡K `ywU mšÍvb‡K wb‡q e‡m _vK‡Z ewj| Zvici
63
Zvi KvQ †_‡K D‡V Avwg evB‡i †ewi‡q Avwm|
‡WwfW d«÷ : Avcbvi ¯¿x wKQy e‡jwQ‡jb?
‡kL gwReyi ingvb : bv, †Kv†bv kã D”Pvi‡Yi ZLb Ae¯’v bq| Avwg ïay
Zv‡K GKwU we`vq m†¤^vab Rvwb‡qwQjvg| Avwg `yqvi Ly‡j evB‡i †ewi‡q I†ì
¸wj eÜ Ki‡Z e‡jwQjvg | Avwg ejjvg : Ô†Zvgiv ¸wj eÜ K‡iv| Avwg †Zv
GLv‡b `vuwo‡q AvwQ| †Zvgiv ¸wj Ki†Qv †Kb? Kx †Zvgiv PvI?' ZLb Pviw`K
‡_‡K Iiv Avgvi w`‡K Qy‡U G†jv, †eq‡bU D`¨Z K‡i| I‡ì GKUv Awdmvi
Avgv‡K aij| IB AwdmviB ej†jv : ÔGB! I‡K †g‡i †d†jv bv|'
‡WwfW d«÷ : GKUv AwdmviB I‡ì _vwg‡qwQj?
‡kL gwReyi ingvb : nu¨v, H AwdmviwU _vwg‡qwQj| Iiv ZLb Avgv†K GLvb
‡_‡K †U‡b bvgv†jv| Iiv †cQb †_‡K Avgvi Mv‡q, cv‡q e›`y‡Ki Kz†`v w`†q
gvi‡Z jvMj | AwdmviUv Avgv‡K a‡iwQj| Zey Iiv Avgv‡K av°v w`†q †U†b
bvgv‡Z jvMj | Avwg ejjvg : †Zvgiv Avgv‡K UvbQ †Kb? Avwg †Zv hvw”Q|Õ
Avwg ejjvg ÔAvgvi Zvgv‡Ki cvBcUv wb‡Z `vI| Iiv GKUy _vgj | Avwg Dc†i
wM‡q Avgvi Zvgv‡Ki cvBcUv wb‡q Gjvg | Avgvi ¯¿x ZLb `ywU †Q‡j wb†q
`vuwo‡qwQ‡jb| Avgv‡K wKQy Kvco-‡Pvcomn GKwU †QvU mÿU‡Km w`‡jb|ZvB
wb‡q Avwg †b‡g Gjvg| Pviw`‡K ZLb Av¸b R¡jwQj| AvR GB †hLv‡b ùvwo†q
AvwQ, GLvb †_‡K Iiv Avgvq wb‡q †Mj|
‡WwfW d«÷ : Avcbvi 32 bs avbgÛxi evox †_‡K †mw`b hLb Avcwb †ewi†q
G‡jb, ZLb wK †f‡ewQ‡jb, Avi †Kv†bv w`b Avcwb GLv‡b wd‡i Avm†Z cvi‡eb?
‡kL gywReyi ingvb : bv, Avwg Zv Kíbv Ki‡Z cvwiwb| Avwg †f‡ewQ |GB-B †kl|
wKš‘ Avgvi g‡bi K_v wQj : AvR Avwg hw` Avgvi †`‡ki †bZv wnmv†e
gv_v DuPy †i‡L gi‡Z cvwi, Zvn‡j Avgvi †`‡ki gvby‡li AšÍZ j¾vi †Kv†bv
KviY _vK‡e bv| wKš‘ Avwg I‡ì Kv‡Q AvZ¥mgc©Y Ki‡j, Avgvi †`kevmx
c…w_exi mvg‡b Avi gyL Zy‡j ZvKv‡Z cvi‡e bv| Avwg gwi, ZvI fv‡jv |Zey
Avgvi †`kevmxi †hb gh©v`vi †Kv†bv nvwb bv N‡U|
‡WwfW d«÷ : †kL mv‡ne, Avcwb GKevi e‡jwQ‡jb : Ò‡h gvbyl gi‡Z ivwR,
Zywg Zv‡K gvi‡Z cv†iv bvÕ| K_vwU wK Ggwb wQj bv?
‡kL gywReyi ingvb : n¨v, Avwg ZvB g‡b Kwi| †h gvbyl gi‡Z ivwR | Zv†K
‡KD gvi‡Z cv‡i bv| Avcwb GKRb gvbyl‡K nZ¨v Ki‡Z cv‡ib | †m †Zv Zvi
‡`n | wKš‘ Zvi AvZ¥v‡K wK Avcwb nZ¨v Ki‡Z cv‡ib? bv, Zv †KD cv‡i bv |
GUvB Avgvi wek¦vm| Avwg GKRb gymjgvb Ges GKRb gymjgvb GKeviB g†i,
64
`yÕevi bq| Avwg gvbyl | Avwg gbyl¨Z¡‡K fv†jvevwm| Avwg Avgvi RvwZi †bZv|
Avwg Avgvi †`‡ki gvbyl‡K fv†jvevwm| AvR Zv‡ì Kv‡Q Avgvi Avi wKQy `vwe
‡bB| Zviv Avgv‡K fv†jv‡e‡m‡Q| mewKQy‡K wemR©b w`‡q‡Q| KviY, Avwg Avgvi
mewKQy‡K Zv‡ì Rb¨ wèvi A½xKvi K‡iwQ|AvR Avwg Zv‡ì gy‡L nvwm †`L†Z
PvB| Avwg hLb Avgvi c«wZ †`kevmxi †mœn-fv†jvevmvi K_v fvwe, ZLb Avwg
Av‡e‡M AvcøyZ n‡q hvB |
‡WwfW d«÷ : cvwK¯Ívb evwnbx Avcbvi evoxi mewKQy jyU K‡i wb‡qwQj?
‡kL gywReyi ingvb : nüv, Avgvi mewKQyB Iiv jyU K‡i‡Q| Avgvi N‡ii
weQvbvcÎ, Avjgvwi, Kvco-‡PvcÍ mewKQyB jywÉZ n‡q‡Q| wg. d«÷, Avcwb
‡`L‡Z cv‡”Qb, G evoxi †Kv†bv wKQyB AvR †bB|
‡WwfW d«÷ : Avcbvi evox hLb †givgZ nq, ZLb Gme wRwbm jywÉZ
n‡q‡Q, bv cvwK¯Ívwbiv me jyÉb K‡i‡Q?
‡kL gywReyi ingvb : cvwK¯Ívwb †dŠR Avgvi mewKQy jyÉb K‡i‡Q | wKš‘ G
ee©i evwnbx Avgvi AvmevecÎ, Kvco-‡Pvco, Avgvi mvšÍvb‡ì `«e¨mvgM«x jyÉb
K‡i‡Q Zv‡Z Avgvi `ytL †bB| Avgvi `ytL Iiv Avgvi Rxe‡bi BwZnvm‡K jyÉb
K‡i‡Q| Avgvi 35 eQ‡ii ivR‰bwZK Rxe‡bi w`bwjwc wQj| Avgvi GKwU my›ì
jvB‡e«wi wQj| ee©iiv Avgvi c«‡Z¨KwU eB Avi g~jëvb `wjjcÎ jyÉb K‡i‡Q |
mewKQyB cvwK¯Ívb nvbv`vi evwnbx wb‡q †M‡Q|
‡WwfW d«÷ : ZvB Avevi †mB c«kœUv Avgv‡ì mvg‡b Av‡m ‡Kb mewKQy jyÉb Ki†jv?
‡kL gywReyi ingvb : Gi wK Reve †`†ev? Avm‡j Iiv gvbyl bq|KZ¸†jv VM, `mÿ,
Db¥v`, Agvbyl Avi Amf¨ Rv†bvqvi | Avgvi wb‡Ri K_v †Q‡o w`b| Zv
wb‡q Avgvi †Kvbv †ÿvf †bB| wKš‘ †f‡e †`Lyb, 2 eQi, 5 eQ‡ii wkï,
‡g‡qiv-‡KD †invB †cj bv| me wbixn gvbyl‡K Iiv nZ¨v K‡i‡Q| Avwg
Avcbv‡K †`wL‡qwQ me R¡vwj‡q †`qv, †cvov evox, ew¯Í | G‡Kev‡i Mwie, bv-LvIqv
gvbyl me evm Ki†Zv GB ew¯Í‡Z| ew¯Íi gvbyl Rxeb wb‡q cvjv‡Z †P‡q‡Q| Avi
‡mme gvby‡li Ici Pviw`K †_‡K †gwkbMvb Pvwj‡q nvRvi nvRvi gvbyl nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q|
‡WwfW d«÷ : wK Avðh©! Avcwb ej‡Qb, I‡ì N‡i Av¸b w`‡q Ni †_‡K †ei K‡i,
†Lvjv RvqMvq cjvqbgvb gvbyl‡K †gwkbMvb Pvwj‡q nZ¨v K‡i‡Q|
‡kL gywReyi ingvb : nu¨v, Ggwbfv‡e ¸wj K‡i Zv‡ì nZ¨v K‡i‡Q |
‡WwfW d«÷ : †Kvb gvbyl‡K gvi†jv, Zvi †Kv†bv c†ivqv Ki†jv bv?
‡kL gywReyi ingvb : bv, Zvi we›`ygvÎ c†ivqv K‡iwb|
‡WwfW d«÷ : †Kej nZ¨v Kivi Rb¨ nZ¨v-hv‡K †c‡q‡Q, Zv‡KB nZ¨v K‡i‡Q?
65
‡kL gywReyi ingvb : nüv, hv‡K †c‡q‡Q Zv‡KB nZ¨v K‡i‡Q| Iiv †f‡e‡Q
c«‡Z¨‡KB †kL gywR‡ei gvbyl| ZvB c«‡Z¨K‡KB nZ¨v Ki‡Z n‡e |
‡WwfW d«÷ : Avcwb hLb †`‡Lb, gvbyl gvbyl‡K Ggwbfv‡e nZ¨v Ki‡Q,
ZLb Avcbvi Kx g‡b nq? Avcwb wK g‡b K‡ib, gvbyl Avm‡j fv†jv? wKsev g†b
K‡ib, gvbyl Avm‡jB Lvivc?
‡kL gywReyi ingvb : fv†jv-g›` me©ÎB Av‡Q | gbyl¨Z¡ Av‡Q, Ggb gvbylI
Avwg †`‡LwQ| wKš‘ Avwg g‡b Kwi, cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi GB †dŠR-G¸‡jv gvbyl
bq| G¸†jv cïiI Aag| gvby‡li †h cvkweK PwiÎ bv _vK‡Z cv‡i, Zv bq|
wKš‘ †h gvbyl, †m cïi Aag nq Kx c«Kv‡i? wKš‘ GB evwnbx †Zv cïiI Aag|
KviY GKUv cï AvµvšÍ n‡jB gvÎ AvµgY K‡i| Zv bB‡j bq| cï hw` gvbyl†K
AvµgY K‡i †g‡i †d‡j, Zey †m Zv‡K AZ¨vPvi K‡i bv| wKš‘ GB ee©†ii `j
Avgvi †`kevmx‡K †Kej nZ¨v K‡iwb, w`‡bi ci w`b ew›` gvbyl‡K AZ¨vPvi K‡i‡Q |
5 w`b, 7 w`b, 15 w`b wbg©g AZ¨vPvi K‡i‡Q, Avi nZ¨v K‡i‡Q |
‡WwfW d«÷ : cvwK¯Ív‡b ew›` _vKvKv‡j Iiv Avcbvi wePvi K‡iwQj|
†mB wePvi m¤ú‡K© wKQy ejyb|
‡kL gywReyi ingvb : Iiv GKUv †KvU© gvk©vj ‰Zwi K‡iwQj| Zv‡Z cvuPRb wQj mvgwiK
Awdmvi| evwK K‡qKRb †emvgwiK Awdmvi|
‡WwfW d«÷ : Avcbvi weiy‡× Kx Awf†hvM Avb†jv Iiv?
‡kL gywReyi ingvb : Awf†hvM-ivó«‡`«vwnZv, cvwK¯Ívb miKv‡ii weiy†× hy×,
evsjv‡`k‡K ¯^vaxb Kivi lohš¿-AviI K†Zv wK!
‡WwfW d«÷ : Avcbvi c‡ÿ †Kv†bv AvBbRxex wQ‡jb? AvZ¥cÿ mg_©†bi †Kv†bv Dcvq
wQj?
‡kL gywReyi ingvb : miKv‡ii Zid †_‡K †Mvovq GK DwKj w`‡qwQj| wKš‘
Avwg hLb †`Ljvg, Ae¯’vUv Ggwb †h, hyw³i †Kv†bv `vg †bB; †`Ljvg, G n†”Q wePv‡ii
GK c«nmb gvÎ, ZLb Avwg †Kv‡U© wb‡R ùvwo‡q ejjvg : Rbve wePvicwZ,
`qv K‡i Avgv‡K mg_©bKvix DwKj mv‡ne‡ì †h‡Z ejyb| Avcbviv wejÿY
Rv‡bb, G n‡”Q †Mvcb wePvi| Avwg †emvgwiK †jvK | Avwg mvgwiK †Kv‡bv †jvK
bB | Avi Giv Ki‡Q Avgvi †KvU© gvk©vj | Bqvwnqv Lvb †Kej †h †c«wm‡W›U, ZvB
bq| wZwb c«avb mvgwiK kvmKI|G wePv‡ii ivq‡K Aby†gv`‡bi KZ©v wZwb|GB
Av`vjZ‡K MVb K‡i‡Qb wZwb|
‡WwfW d«÷ : Zvi gv‡b, Zvi nv‡ZB wQj me?
‡kL gywReyi ingvb : nüv, †m wQj `Ûgy‡Ûi KZ©v| Zvi B”QvB B”Qv|
66
‡WwfW d«÷ : Zvi gv‡b, Avcwb Av`vj‡Z hvIqv eÜ K‡iwQ‡jb?
‡kL gywReyi ingvb : Zvi †Zv †Kv†bv Dcvq wQj bv| Avwg †Zv ew›`|
‡WwfW d«÷ : nu¨v, Zv†Zv e‡UB| Avcbvi B”Qv-Awb”Qvi †Zv †Kv‡bv Dcvq wQj bv |
Iiv wK wePvi †kl K‡i, miKvwifv‡e †Kvb ivq ‰Zwi K‡iwQj?
‡kL gywReyi ingvb : 4 wW‡m¤î (1971) Iiv Av`vj‡Zi KvR †kl K†i|
mv‡_ mv‡_ Bqvwnqv Lvb me wePviK, h_v †jd‡Ub¨v›U K‡b©j, we«‡MwWqvi-G‡ì
me ivIqvjwcwÛ †W‡K cvVv†jv ivq ‰Zwi Kivi Rb¨| †mLv‡b wVK Kij, Iiv
Avgv‡K dvuwm †`‡e|
‡WwfW d«÷ : Avi ZvB †m‡ji cv‡k Kei †Lvuov †`‡L Avcwb eyS‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb,
Iiv ILv‡bB Avcbvi Kie w`‡e?
‡kL gywReyi ingvb : nu¨v, Avgvi †m‡ji cv‡kB Iiv Kei Lyuovj | Avgvi †Pv‡Li mvg‡b|
‡WwfW d«÷ : Avcwb wb‡Ri †Pv‡L ZvB †`L‡jb?
‡kL gywReyi ingvb : n¨vu, Avwg Avgvi wb‡Ri †Pv‡L †`Ljvg Iiv Kie Lyuo‡Q |
Avwg wb‡Ri Kv‡Q wb‡R ejjvg : Avwg Rvwb, G Kei Avgvi Kei | wVK Av‡Q|
‡Kv†bv c†ivqv †bB| Avwg ‰Zwi AvwQ|'
‡WwfW d«÷ : Iiv wK Avcbv‡K e‡jwQj : ÔG†Zv †Zvgvi Kei?
‡kL gywReyi ingvb : bv, Iiv Zv e‡jwb|
‡WwfW d«÷ : wK e‡jwQj Iiv?
‡kL gywReyi ingvb : Iiv ej†jv : bv, bv| †Zvgvi Kei bq| ai hw` †evw¤^s nq,
Zvn‡j Zywg GLv‡b †kjUvi wb‡Z cvi‡e |
‡WwfW d«÷ : †mB mg‡q Avcbvi g‡bi wPšÍv wK wQj? Avcwb wK GB mvivUv mgq, b'gvm
wb‡Ri g…Zÿi K_v wPšÍv K‡i‡Qb?
‡kL gywReyi ingvb : Avwg RvbZvg, †h-‡Kv†bv w`b Iiv Avgvq †kl K‡i w`‡Z cv‡i|
KviY Iiv Amf¨, ee©i|
‡WwfW d«÷ : Ggwb Ae¯’vq Avcbvi †Kgb K‡i KvU†Zv? Avcwb wK c«v_©bv Ki‡Zb?
‡kL gywReyi ingvb : Ggb Ae¯’vq Avgvi wbf©i wQj Avgvi wek¦vm, Zviv Avgvi bxwZ,
Avgvi †cŠ‡b AvU †KvwU gvby‡li c«wZ Avgvi wek¦vm| Zviv Avgvq fv†jv‡e‡m‡Q-fvB‡qi
g†Zv, wcZvi g†Zv| Avgv‡K Zv‡ì †bZv evwb‡q‡Q|
‡WwfW d«÷ : Avcwb hLb †`L‡jb, Iiv Kei Lbb K‡i‡Q, ZLb Avcbvi g‡b
Kvi K_v Av‡M RvMj? Avcbvi †`‡ki K_v? bv, Avcbvi ¯¿x-cyÎ-cwiR‡bi K_v?
67
‡kL gywReyi ingvb : Avgvi c«_g wPšÍv Avgvi †`‡ki Rb¨| Avgvi AvZ¥xqRb‡ì PvB‡ZI
Avgvi fv†jvevmv Avgvi †`‡ki Rb¨| Avgvi hv wKQy `ytL†fvM, †m †Zv Avgvi †`‡kiB
Rb¨| Avcwb †Zv †`‡L‡Qb, Avgv‡K Zviv Kx Mfxifv‡e fv†jvev‡m|
‡WwfW d«÷ : nüv, G K_v Avwg eywS| ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ hy×iZ evsjv‡`‡ki Avcwb †bZv|
Avcbvi c«_g wPšÍv Aek¨B Avcbvi †`‡ki wPšÍv | cvwievwiK wPšÍv c‡ii wPšÍv |
‡kL gywReyi ingvb : nu¨v, RbZvi c«wZB Avgvi c«_g fv†jvevmv | Avwg †Zv
Rvwb, Avwg Agi bB| AvR, wKsev Kvj, wKsev ciï Avgv‡K gi‡Z n‡e|
gvbyl gvÎ‡KB gi‡Z nq| Kv‡RB Avgvi wek¦vm, gvbyl g…ZÿeiY Ki‡e mvn‡mi mv‡_ |
‡WwfW d«÷ : wKš‘ Iiv Avcbv‡K Kei w`‡Z cv‡iwb |
‡K Avcbv‡K iÿv K‡iwQj †mw`b Avcbvi fweZe¨ †_‡K?
‡kL gywReyi ingvb : Avgvi wek¦vm me©kw³gvb AvjøvnB Avgv‡K iÿv K‡i‡Qb|
‡WwfW d«÷ : Avwg GKUv weei‡Y †`Ljvg, Avcbv‡K bvwK †Rjvi GK mg‡q
mwi‡q †i‡LwQj Bqvwnqv Lvb hLb Avcbv‡K nZ¨v Kivi D‡`¨vM wb‡qwQj,
ZLb Avcbv‡K ¯’vbvšÍ‡i wb‡q wM‡qwQj |'G wK h_v_©?
‡kL gywReyi ingvb : Iiv †RjLvbvq GKUv Ae¯’v ‰Zwi K‡iwQj, g‡b nw”Qj,
KZ¸†jv K‡qw`‡K Iiv msMwVZ K‡iwQj, †hb mKv‡ji w`‡K Avgvi Ici Svuwc‡q
c‡o Iiv Avgv‡K nZ¨v K‡i †dj‡Z cv‡i| Avgvi g‡b nq, Avgv‡K ZË¡veav‡b fvi
‡h Awdmv‡ii Ici c‡owQj, Avgvi c«wZ Zvi wKQyUv mnvbyf~wZ †R‡MwQj |
nq†Zv ev †m Awdmvi GgbI eyS‡Z †c‡iwQj †h, Bqvwnqv Lv‡bi w`b †kl n‡q Avm‡Q|
Avwg †`Ljvg, nVvr ivZ wZbUvi mg‡q †m G‡m Avgv‡K †mj †_‡K mwi‡q wb‡q Zvi
wb‡Ri evs‡jv‡Z `yw`b hver iÿv Kij| G `yw`b Avgvi Ici †Kv†bv mvgwiK cvnviv wQj
bv | `yw`b c‡iB GB Awdmvi Avgv‡K Avevi GKwU AvevwmK K†jvwbi wbR©b GjvKvq
mwi‡q wbj| †mLv‡b Avgv‡K nq†Zv Pvi-cuvP wKsev Qq w`b ivLv n‡qwQj|
GB mgqUv‡Z Avgvi Ae¯’vb m¤ú‡K© wbgœc`¯’ Awdmvi ev‡` Avi †KD ÁvZ wQj bv|
‡WwfW d«÷ : G Zv‡ì mvn‡miB KvR| GLb Zv‡ì Kx n‡q‡Q, ZvB fvew”Q |
‡kL gywReyi ingvb : AvwgI Rvwb bv| I‡ì Ici †Kv†bv AvNvZ nvb‡Z Iiv cvi‡e e‡j
g‡b nq bv| I‡ì Rb¨ h_v_© ïf Kvgbv i‡q‡Q|
‡WwfW d«÷ : GgbwK †kl gyn~‡Z© Bqvwnqv Lvb hLb fy‡Ævi nv‡Z ÿgZv Zy‡j †`q, ZL†bv
bvwK †m fy‡Ævi Kv‡Q Avcbvi dvuwmi K_v e‡jwQj? GUv wK wVK?
‡kL gywReyi ingvb : nüv, wVK | fy‡Æv Avgv‡K †m KvwnbxUv e‡jwQj | fy‡Ævi nv‡Z ÿgZv
Zy‡j †`qvi mgq Bqvwnqv e‡jwQj : Ôwg÷vi fy‡Æv, Avgvi Rxe‡b mePvB‡Z eo fyj
n‡q‡Q, †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K dvuwm bv †`qv|
68
‡WwfW d«÷ : Bqvwnqv Ggb K_v e‡jwQj!
‡kL gywReyi ingvb : nu¨v, fy‡Æv G K_v Avgvq e‡j Zvi c‡i e‡jwQjt
ÔBqvwnqvi `vwe wQj, ÿgZv n¯ÍvšÍ‡ii c~‡e© †m †cQ‡bi ZvwiL w`‡q Avgv‡K duvwm w`‡e|
wKš‘ fy‡Æv Zvi G c«¯Ív‡e ivwR nqwb |
‡WwfW d«÷ : fy‡Æv Kx Reve w`‡qwQj?
Zvi Rev‡ei K_v wK fy‡Æv Avcbv‡K wKQy e‡jwQj?
‡kL gywReyi ingvb : n¨vu, e‡jwQj|
‡WwfW d«÷ : Kx e‡jwQj fy‡Æv|
‡kL gywReyi ingvb : fy‡Æv Bqvwnqv‡K e‡jwQj : bv, Avwg Zv n‡Z w`‡Z cvwi bv|
Zvn‡j gvivZ¥K c«wZwµqv NU‡e| evsjv‡`‡k GLb Avgv‡ì GK jvL wZb nvRvi
mvgwiK evwnbxi †jvK Avi †emvgwiK †jvK evsjv‡`k Avi fviZxq evwnbxi
nv‡Z ew›` iq‡Q| ZvQvov cvuP †_‡K `k jvL AevOvwj evsjv‡`‡k Av‡Q | wg÷vi
Bqvwnqv, Ggb Ae¯’vq Avcwb hw` †kL gywRe‡K nZ¨v K‡ib Avi Avwg ÿgZv M«nY
Kwi, Zvn‡j GKwU †jvKI Avi RxweZ Ae¯’vq evsjv‡`k †_‡K cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b
‡diZ Avm‡Z mÿg n‡e bv| Zvi c«wZwµqv cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bI NU‡e | ZLb
Avgvi Ae¯’v n‡e msKURbK| fy‡Æv G K_v Avgv‡K e‡jwQj | fy‡Ævi wbKU Avwg
Aek¨B G Rb¨ K…ZÁ|
‡WwfW d«÷ : †kL mv‡ne, AvR hw` Bqvwnqv Lv‡bi mv‡_ Avcbvi mvÿvr
N‡U, Avcwb Zvn‡j Zv‡K wK ej‡eb?
‡kL gywReyi ingvb : Bqvwnqv Lvb GKUv RNb¨ Lywb| Zvi Qwe †`L‡ZI Avwg
ivwR bB| Zvi ee©i †dŠR w`‡q †m Avgvi 30 jvL evOvwj‡K nZ¨v K‡i‡Q |
‡WwfW d«÷ : fy‡Æv GLb Zv‡K M…new›` K‡i‡Q| fy‡Æv Zv‡K wb‡q GLb Kx Ki‡e?
Avcbvi Kx g‡b nq?
‡kL gywReyi ingvb : wg÷vi d«÷, Avcwb Rv‡bb, Avgvi evsjv‡`‡k Kx N‡U‡Q?
wkï, †g‡q, eyw×Rxex, K…lK, k«wgK, QvÎ-mKj‡K Iiv nZ¨v K‡i‡Q|30 jvL
evOvwj‡K Iiv nZ¨v K‡i‡Q| AšÍZc‡ÿ 25 †_‡K 30 fvM Nievox Iiv R¡vwj‡q
w`‡q‡Q Ges Zvici mewKQy Iiv jyU K‡i‡Q |Lv‡`ï ¸`vg¸†jv‡K Iiv aŸsm K‡i‡Q|
‡WwfW d«÷ : wbnZ‡ì msL¨v 30 jÿ, G K_v Avcwb mwVKfv‡e Rv‡bb?
‡kL gywReyi ingvb : Avgvi †jvKRb Z_¨ msM«n K‡i P‡j‡Q| GLbI Avgiv
P~ovšÍ wm×v‡šÍ Avwmwb| msL¨v nq†Zv G‡KI Qvwo‡q hv‡e| wÎk j‡ÿi Kg †Zv bqB|
‡WwfW d«÷ : wKš‘ Ggb nZ¨vKvÐ †Zv wbi_©K|gvbyl‡K Ni †_‡K †U‡b G‡b nZ¨v Kiv|
69
‡kL gywReyi ingvb : nüv, Kv‡ì Iiv nZ¨v K‡i‡Q? G‡Kev‡iB wbixn kvwšÍwc«q gvbyl‡K|
M«v‡gi gvbyl‡K, †h-M«v‡gi gvbyl c…w_exi K_vB nq†Zv wKQy RvbZ bv, †m MÖv‡g cvwK¯Ívwb
†dŠR Xy‡K cvwL gvivi g†Zv ¸wj K‡i GB gvbyl‡K nZ¨v K‡i‡Q |
‡WwfW d«÷ : Avgvi g‡biI c«kœ : Avnv! †Kb Ggb n†jv?
‡kL gywReyi ingvb : bv, AvwgI Rvwb bv| AvwgI eywS bv| G iKg c„w_ex†Z
Avi N‡U‡Q e‡j Avgvi Rvbv †bB|
‡WwfW d«÷ : Avi G †Zv wQj gymjgv‡bi nv‡ZB gymjgv‡bi nZ¨v ?
‡kL gywReyi ingvb : Iiv wb‡Riv wb‡R‡ì gymjgvb e‡j | A_P Iiv nZ¨v K‡i‡Q
gymjgvb †g‡q‡ì| Avgiv A‡bK‡K D×vi Kivi †Póv K‡iwQ | Avgv†ì ÎvYwkwe‡i
GLbI A‡b‡K i‡q‡Q| G‡ì ¯^vgx, wcZv---mKj‡K nZ¨v Kiv n‡q†Q |
gv Avi evevi mvg‡b Iiv †g‡q‡K al©Y K‡i‡Q| cy‡Îi mvg‡b gv‡K al©Y K‡i‡Q| Avcwb
wPšÍv Kiæb | Avwg G K_v wPšÍv K‡i †Pv‡Li Ak«y‡K †iva Ki‡Z cvwi |Giv wb‡R‡ì
gymjgvb e‡j `vwe K‡i Kxfv‡e? Giv †Zv cïiI Aag | g‡b Kiæb, Avgvi eÜy gwkDi
ingv‡bi K_v| Avgv‡ì `‡ji GKRb kxl©¯’vbxq †bZv wQ†jb wZwb | Avgv‡ì miKv‡ii
GKRb c«v³b gš¿x wQ‡jb wZwb|Zuv‡K wbh©vZb K†i nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q| 24 w`b a‡i Zvi
Dci wbh©vZb Pvwj‡q‡Q| c«_‡g Zuvi GK nvZ †K†U†Q| Zvic‡i Zvi Av‡iKUv nvZ
†K‡U‡Q|Zvic‡i Zvi GKUv Kvb †K†U†Q| Zvi cv †K‡U‡Q |
24 w`be¨vcx P‡j‡Q Ggb wbh©vZb (†kL gywRe Kvbœvq †f†O c‡ib) wKš‘ G †Zv GKUv
Kvwnbx Avgv‡ì K†Zv †bZv Avi Kg©x‡K, eyw×Rxex|Avi miKvwi Kg©Pvix‡K, †RjLvbvq
AvUK K‡i, †mLvb †_‡K wb‡q w`‡bi ci w`b AZ¨vPvi K‡i nZ¨v K‡i‡Q| Ggb AgvbywlK
wbh©vZ‡bi Kvwnbx Avwg BwZnv†m †Kv_vI ïwbwb| GKUv cï, GKUv evNI †Zv gvbyl‡K
nZ¨v Ki‡j Ggbfv†e K‡i bv |
‡WwfW d«÷ : Iiv Kx †P‡qwQj?
‡kL gywReyi ingvb : Iiv †P‡qwQj, Avgv‡ì GB evsjv‡`k‡K G†Kev†i Dcwb‡ek K‡i
ivL‡Z|Avcwb †Zv Rv‡bb, wg÷vi d«÷, Iiv evOvwj cywjk evwnbxi †jvK‡K, evOvwj mk¯¿
evwnbxi m`m¨‡ì nZ¨v K‡i‡Q| Iiv evOvwj wkÿK, Aa¨vcK, BwÄwbqvi, evOvwj Wv³vi,
hyeK, QvÎ-mevB‡K nZ¨v K‡i‡Q |
‡WwfW d«÷ : Avwg ï‡bwQ, hy‡×i †kl Ae¯’v‡ZI XvKv‡Z Iiv 130 Rb eyw×Rxex‡K nZ¨v
K‡i‡Q|
‡kL gywReyi ingvb : n¨vu, mv‡iÛv‡ii gvÎ GKw`b Av‡M| †Kej XvKv†ZB 130 bq, 300
gvbyl‡K Iiv nZ¨v K‡i‡Q| XvKv BDwbfvwm©wU‡Z, †gwW†Kj K‡j‡R, BwÄwbqvwis
70
BDwbfvwm©wU‡Z KviwdD w`‡q gvbyl‡K evoxi g‡a¨ AvUK K‡i‡Q| Avi Zvici evox‡Z
evox‡Z nvbv w`‡q Gme gvbyl‡K nZ¨v K‡i‡Q|
‡WwfW d«÷ : Zvi gv‡b, KviwdD Rvwi K‡i mKj LeivLei eÜ K†i nZ¨v K‡i‡Q|
‡kL gywReyi ingvb : nu¨v, ZvB K‡i‡Q |
‡WwfW d«÷ : †kL mv‡ne, Avcbvi wK g‡b nq? Bqvwnqv Lvb wK `ye©j Pwi‡Îi
†jvK, hv‡K Ab¨ †jv‡K Lvivc K‡i‡Q, bv †m wb‡RB GKUv `¯‘ig†Zv Lvivc †jvK?
‡kL gywReyi ingvb : Avwg g‡b Kwi, I wb‡RB GKUv bivag | I GKUv mvsNvwZK †jvK|
Bqvwnqv Lvb hLb †c«wm‡W›U, ZLb Avgvi Rbmvavi‡Yi †bZv wn‡m‡e, msL¨vMwiô `‡ji
†bZv wn‡m‡e Bqvwnqv Lv‡bi mv‡_ Av†jvPbvi mgqB Avwg †`‡LwQ|
‡WwfW d«÷ : Avgv‡ì AvR‡Ki GB Avjv‡c Avcwb †bZv Ges †bZ…‡Z¡i K_v Zy‡j‡Qb|
h_v_© †bZ…‡Z¡i Avcwb msÁv †`‡eb?
‡kL gywReyi ingvb : Avwg ej†ev, h_v_© †bZ…Z¡ Av‡m msM«v‡gi c«wµqvi gva¨‡g|
‡KD AvKw¯§Kfv‡e GKw`‡b †bZv n‡Z cv‡i bv| Zv‡K msM«v‡gi ga¨ w`‡q Avm‡Z n‡e|
Zv‡K gvby‡li g½‡ji Rb¨ wb‡R‡K DrmM© Ki‡Z n‡e| †bZvi Av`k© _vK‡Z n‡e, bxwZ
_vK‡Z n‡e| Gme ¸Y hvi _v‡K, †mB gvÎ †bZv n‡Z cv‡i|
‡WwfW d«÷ : BwZnv‡mi †Kvb †bZv‡ì Avcwb ¯§iY K‡ib, Zvu‡ì c«ksmv K‡ib?
‡kL gywReyi ingvb : A‡b‡KB ¯§iYxq| eZ©gv‡bi †bZv‡ì K_v ejwQ bv|...
‡WwfW d«÷ : bv, eZ©gv‡bi bq| wKš‘ BwZnv‡mi Kviv Avcbv‡K AbycªvwYZ K‡i‡Qb?
‡kL gywReyi ingvb : Avwg Ave«vnvg wjsKb‡K ¯§iY Kwi| ¯§iY Kwi gvI †m-Zys, †jwbb,
PvwP©j‡K| gvwK©b hy³iv‡ó«i f~Zc~e© †c«wm‡W›U Rb †K‡bwW‡KI Avwg k«×v KiZvg|
‡WwfW d«÷ : gnvZ¥v MvÜx m¤ú‡K© Avcbvi Kx aviYv?
‡kL gywReyi ingvb : gnvZ¥v MvÜx, cwÐZ RInijvj †bniæ, †bZvRx myfvlP›`« emy,
†mvnivIqv`©x, G †K dRjyj nK, Kvgvj AvZvZyK©-Gu‡ì Rb¨ Avgvi g‡b Mfxi k«×v†eva
i‡q‡Q|Avwg Jcwb‡ewkKZvi weiy‡× msM«vgx †bZv W. myKb©‡K we‡kl k«×v KiZvg|Gme
†bZvB †Zv msM«v‡gi ga¨ w`‡q †bZv n‡qwQ‡jb|
‡WwfW d«÷ : AvR GB gyn~‡Z© AZx‡Zi w`‡K ZvwK‡q Avcwb †Kvb w`bwU‡K Avcbvi
Rxe‡bi mePvB‡Z my‡Li w`b e‡j MY¨ Ki‡eb? †Kvb gyn~Z©wU Avcbv‡K mePvB‡Z myLx
K‡iwQj?
‡kL gywReyi ingvb : Avwg †hw`b ïbjvg, Avgvi evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb n‡q‡Q,
‡m w`bwUB wQj Avgvi Rxe‡bi mePvB‡Z my‡Li w`b|
‡WwfW d«÷ : Avcbvi Rxe‡bi mePvB‡Z my‡Li w`b?
‡kL gywReyi ingvb : mgM« Rxe‡bi mePvB‡Z my‡Li w`b |
71
‡WwfW d«÷ : Ggb w`‡bi ¯^cœ Avcwb K‡e †_‡K †`L‡Z ïiy K‡ib ?
‡kL gywReyi ingvb : eûw`b hver Avwg GB ¯^cœ †`‡L AvmwQ |
‡WwfW d«÷ : ¯^vaxbZvi msM«v‡g Kx K‡i Avcwb c«_g KvivMv‡i hvb?
‡kL gywReyi ingvb : Avgvi †Rj Mgb ïiy nq, †eva nq, †mB 1948 mv‡j |
Avwg Zvic‡i 1949 mv‡j †M«ßvi n‡q †R‡j hvB Ges 1952 mvj ch©šÍ ‡R‡j _vwK |
1954 mv‡j Avwg GKRb gš¿x nB| Avevi 1954 mv‡j †M«ßvi nB Ges 1955 mvj ch©šÍ
†R‡j _vwK| Avevi 1958 mv‡j AvBqye Lvb Avgv‡K †R‡j cvVvq Ges ZLb cvuP eQi
AšÍixY _vwK | AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjvmn bvbv gvgjv| Avgv‡K miKvi cÿ wePvi
K‡i‡Q| 1966 mv‡j Avevi Avgv‡K †M«ßvi Kiv nq|Ges 3 eQi hver AvUK ivLv nq|
Zvici Avevi Bqvwnqv Lvb †M«ßvi K‡i| Ggb `xN© msM«vg †Kej e¨w³MZfv‡e Avgvi bq|
Avgvi eû mnKg©xi RxebB GB BwZnvm...
‡WwfW d«÷ : wg÷vi c«vBg wgwb÷vi, c…w_ex gvby‡li Rb¨ Kx evYx Avwg Avcbvi
KvQ †_‡K enb K‡i wbq †h‡Z cvwi?
‡kL gywReyi ingvb : Avgvi GKgvÎ c«v_©bv wek¦ Avgvi †`‡ki gvby‡li mvnv‡h¨ AM«mi n‡q
AvmyK| Avgvi nZfvM¨ ¯^‡`kevmxi cv‡k G‡m we‡k¦i gvbyl `vuovK| Avgvi †`‡ki gvbyl
¯^vaxbZv jv‡fi Rb¨ †hgb `ytL †fvM K‡i‡Q, Ggb AvZ¥Z¨vM c…w_exi Lye Kg †`‡ki
gvbyl‡KB Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q | wg÷vi d«÷, Avcbv‡K Avwg Avgvi GKRb eÜy e‡j MY¨ Kwi|
Avwg Avcbv‡K e‡jwQjvg, Avcwb Avmyb| wb‡Ri †Pv‡L †`Lyb |
Avcwb wb‡Ri †Pv‡L A‡bK `…k¨ †`‡L‡Qb| Av†iv †`Lyb | Avcwb Avgvi GB evYx enb
Kiyb mK‡ji Rb¨B Avgvi ï‡f”Qv |Avwg wek¦vm Kwi, Avgvi †`‡ki †KvwU †KvwU ÿyavZ©
gvby‡li cv‡k G‡m wek¦ `vuov‡e| Avcwb Avgvi †`‡ki eÜy | Avcbv‡K Avwg abëv`
Rvbvw”Q| Avjøvn Avcbvi g½j Kiyb| Rq evsjv॥
‡WwfW d«÷ : Rq evsjv ॥ AvwgI wek¦vm Kwi, wek¦evmx Avcbvi cv‡k G‡m `vuov‡e|
Avcbv‡ì cv‡k G‡m Avgv‡ì `vuov‡Z n‡e | bqZ Ck¦i Avgv‡ì †Kv†bv w`b ÿgv
Ki‡eb bv|
(cvwKšÍvb †_‡K gyw³ †c‡q ¯^‡`k c«Z¨veZ©‡bi ci we«wUk mvsevw`K †WwfW d«÷ XvKvq
e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi G mvÿvrKviwU M«nY K‡ib| 1972 mv‡ji 18 Rvbyqvwi
wbDBqK© †Uwjwfk‡bi Ô‡WwfW d«÷ †c«vM«vg Bb evsjv‡`kÕ kxl©K Abyôv‡b GwU c«PvwiZ
nq)
72
evsjv‡`‡ki fvev`k©MZ wfwË I Zvi AcüZ mgvR
Wt Abycg †mb
eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`k‡K GKwU mgm¨vmsKyj AcüZ †`k ej‡j ‡evanq AZÿw³ n‡e bv| 1971 mv‡j GK
weivU ¯^cœ wb‡q evOvwjiv Zv‡ì GKvšÍ wbR¯^ GKwU ivó« cÖwZôv K‡iwQj| gywó‡gq K‡qKRb e¨wZ‡i‡K
ag©-eY©-‡MvÎ wbwe©‡k‡l cÖvq me evOvwj GB ivóª cÖwZôvq Ask wb‡qwQj, f~wgKv †i‡LwQj hvi hvi mva¨
I my‡hvMg‡Zv| bq gv‡mi i³ÿqx msMÖvg, AMYb kwn‡ì AvZ¥`vb, `yB jÿvwaK gv I ‡ev‡bi m¤£g I
AkÖæi wewbg‡q c…w_exi gvbwP‡Î AvZ¥cÖKvk K‡iwQj evOvwji wb‡Ri †`k, evsjv‡`k| †h weivU ¯^cœ
wb‡q Avcvgi evOvwj †mw`b RxebevwR †i‡L jovB‡q †b‡gwQj Zvi †K‡›`ª wQj GKwU mg…× MYZvwš¿K
¯^‡`k- ‡hLv‡b _vK‡e bv ‰elg¨-eÂbv-‡kvlY; _vK‡e bv a‡g©, e‡Y©, ‡Mv‡Îi wePv‡i gvby‡l gvby‡l
eëav‡bi cÖvPxi; _vK‡e bv Afve-Awkÿv-‡gŠjev` Avi ag©xq †Mvovwgi AÜKvi |
evsjv‡`‡ki †mB †MŠiegq AvZ¥cÖKv‡ki ci BwZg‡a¨ cÖvq 35 eQi AwZµvšÍ n‡Z Pjj | ¯^vaxb
mve©‡fŠg ivó« wn‡m‡e GZ¸‡jv eQ‡ii c_cwiµgv †k‡l evsjv‡`k AvR †Kv_vq G‡m †cŠu‡Q‡Q?
evsjv‡`k wK Zvi Rb¥j‡Mœi ¯^vwcœK‡ì cÖZ¨vwkZ c‡_ P‡j‡Q? evsjv‡`k wK Av‡`Š †Kv_vI †cŠu‡Q‡Q
A_ev †Kv_vI †cŠQv‡bvi †Kv‡bv c_ ev m¤¢vebv wK Zvi Av‡Q? evsjv‡`‡ki m¤¢vebvi c_¸‡jv wK cÖvq
iæ× n‡q Avm‡Q bv?
1971 mv‡ji ¯^vaxbZv-msMÖv‡gi weivU ¯^cœ¸‡jv‡K 1972 mv‡j cÖYxZ msweav‡b iƒc †Ìqvi †Póv Kiv
n‡qwQj| evnvË‡ii msweavbwU wQj GKwU AmvaviY msweavb, hv‡Z we‡k¦i wewfbœ †`‡ki msweav‡bi,
†hgb- hy³ivR¨, hy³ivó«, ‡mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb I fvi‡Zi msweav‡bi m`_©K me ‰ewkó¨‡K AšÍf©y³ Kiv
n‡qwQj| ivó«cwiPvjbvi g~jbxwZ wn‡m‡e GB msweav‡bi 11 avivq †jLv wQj, 'cÖRvZš¿ nB‡e GKwU
MYZš¿, †hLv‡b †gŠwjK gvbevwaKvi I ¯^vaxbZvi wbðqZv _vwK‡e, gvbemËvi gh©v`v I g~‡jï cÖwZ
k«×ve‡va wbwðZ nB‡e Ges cÖkvm‡bi mKj ch©v‡q wbe©vwPZ cÖwZwbwa‡ì gva¨‡g RbM‡Yi AskMÖnY
wbwðZ nB‡e|' 12 b¤î aviv‡Z (cieZ©xKv‡j msweavb †_‡K wejyß Kiv n‡q‡Q) ag©wbi‡cÿZv I
cªwZwU bvMwi‡Ki ag©xq ¯^vaxbZv‡K iv‡ó«i g~jbxwZ wn‡m‡e AšÍf©y³ Kiv n‡qwQj| msweav‡bi 14
avivq ejv n‡q‡Q, 'iv‡ó«i Ab¨Zg †gŠwjK `vwqZ¡ nB‡e †gnbwZ gvbyl‡K K…lK I kªwg‡Ki Ges
RbM‡Yi AbMªmi Askmg~n‡K mKj cªKvi ‡kvlY nB‡Z gyw³ `vb Kiv| iv‡ó«i Ab¨Zg †gŠwjK
`vwqZ¡ wn‡m‡eB msweav‡bi 15 avivq ejv n‡qwQj, ÔcwiKwíZ A_©‰bwZK weKv‡ki gva¨‡g
Drcv`b-kw³i µge…w×mvab Ges RbM‡Yi RxebhvÎvi e¯ÍyMZ I ms¯‹…wZMZ gv‡bi `…p
DbœwZmvabÕ-Gi K_v| | evsjv‡`‡ki RbRxe‡b msweav‡b cª`Ë Gme g~jbxwZi †Kv‡bv cªwZdjb
73
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fvl‡Y †m iƒc‡iLv ¯úófv‡e e‡j‡Qb|
fvi‡Z 1g ivóªxq md‡i e½eÜz e‡j‡Qb, Ôevsjv‡`k PviwU ¯Í‡¤¢i Dci Pj‡e,
RvZxqZvev`, MYZš¿, mgvRZš¿ Avi ag©wbi‡cÿZv| Gi g‡a¨ ‡Kvb wKš‘ wdš‘ bvB| Gi
g‡a¨ †KD nvZ jvMv‡Z cvi‡e bv| GUv †mvRvmywR Avgiv Kie| Avi Avcbviv Rv‡bb
Avwg †mvRv gvbyl †mvRv K_v ewj, hv ewj †hUv ewj, †mUv eywS Ges †mUv Kwi| Gi g‡a¨
Avwg fqI Kwi bv KvD‡K Ges KieI bv|Õ MYcwil‡ì fvl‡YI e½eÜz GKB K_v
e‡j‡Qb| 1972 Gi msweav‡b ivóª cwiPvjbvi g~jbxwZ wn‡m‡e H 4wU `k©b ¯úó D‡jøL
wQj| †kvlYgy³ Amv¤úª`vwqK mgvR cÖwZôvq, Gi †P‡q DbœZ `k©b Avi †h n‡Z cv‡i bv,
Zv wkwÿZ me©gnj KZ©„K ¯^xK…Z|
hviv ag©wbi‡cÿZv‡K ag©nxbZv g‡b K‡ib, Zv‡ì ÁvZv‡_© ejwQ, gw`bv mb‡ì 25 bs
avivq ewY©Z ag©wbi‡cÿZvi mv‡_ 1972 mv‡ji msweav‡b ewY©Z ag©wbi‡cÿZvi †Kvb
Awgj †bB|
81
g~jZ gyw³hy×I cwiPvwjZ n‡qwQj H PviwU `k©‡bi wfwË‡ZB| evsjv‡`k‡K H 4wU `k©bB
cvwK¯Ívb †_‡K c„_K K‡iwQj| H 4wU `k©b bv _vK‡j evsjv‡`k Avi cvwK¯Ív‡bi g‡a¨
†Kvb cv_©K¨ _v‡K bv| H 4wU `k©b‡K ev` †Ìqv gv‡b gyw³hy‡×i wÎk jÿ knx‡ì i‡³i
mv‡_ †eCgvbx Kiv| Gi A_© evsjv‡`k‡K Avevi cvwK¯Ívwb avivq wdwi‡q wb‡q hvIqv| GB
†h evsjv‡`‡ki mvg‡bi w`‡Ki AMÖhvÎv‡K †cQ‡bi w`‡K Nywi‡q Avevi AZxZ cvwK¯Ív‡bi
w`‡K wb‡q hvIqvi Ac‡KŠkj, G‡KB Kexi †PŠayix f~‡Zi D‡ëvgyLx c`hvÎv wn‡m‡e
AwfwnZ K‡i‡Qb| GB HwZnvwmK KvRwU †K K‡i‡Qb, Zv wK ZiæY-cÖRb¥ Rv‡b? Gi d‡j
evsjv‡`k KZ el© wcwQ‡q †M‡Q Zv wK ZiæY cÖRb¥ Rv‡b? G wel‡q wK †Kvb M‡elYv
n‡q‡Q? n‡”Q bv †Kb?
e½eÜz‡K nZ¨v K‡i †Rbv‡ij wRqvDi ingvb cÂg ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g MYZš¿ ev‡` evwK
3wUB cwieZ©b K‡ib| Zvn‡j evsjv‡`k Avi cvwK¯Ív‡bi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ _vKj †Kv_vq?
MYZš¿ †Zv cvwK¯Ív‡bI wQj, AvBqye Lv‡bi mg‡qI wQj! wQj bv- evOvjx RvZxqZvev` ,
mgvRZš¿ I ag©wbi‡cÿZv| GB wZbwU‡K ev` w`‡j evsjv‡`k Avi cvwK¯Ív ‡bi g‡a¨
cv_©K¨ _v‡K wK? GKwU gvby‡li Pvi nvZ cv‡qi wZbwU †K‡U †dj‡j gvbylwU †hfv‡e Pj‡e
wRqv KZ©„K cÂg ms‡kvabxi ci †_‡K evsjv‡`‡k MYZš¿I †mfv‡eB P‡j‡Q| †mRb¨B
AvR `yB †KvwU gvbyl †L‡Z cvq bv Avi 10 jÿ c_wkï Wv÷we‡b Lvevi †Luv‡R|
wRqvDi ingvb m„ó Ôivóªxq K¨vÝviÕ, e½eÜzi cÖwZwe¤^ †kL nvwmbv A‡bKUvB mvwi‡q
Zz‡j‡Qb| Svi-dzK ev cvwb-cov w`‡q ivZvivwZ †hgb K¨vÝvi wVK Kiv hvq bv, GKBfv‡e
wRqv m„ó K¨vÝvi, †kL nvwmbv ivZvivwZ wVK K‡i †dj‡eb †mwUI m¤¢e bq| Z‡e wZwb
80% ÿZ mvwi‡q Zz‡j‡Qb| evwK 20% mg‡qi e¨vcvi gvÎ| †m mgq Zv‡K w`‡Z n‡e|
ÔˆR¨ô gv‡mi Avg‡K ˆPÎ gv‡m cuvKv‡Z PvIqv †evKvwgÕ| †kL nvwmbv †mwU Rv‡bb e‡jB,
wZwb ch©vqµ‡g GwM‡q hv‡”Qb| hviv ivZvivwZ, me Av‡Mi Ae¯’vq wdwi‡q Pvb Zviv
‡evKvi ¯^‡M© evm K‡ib|
82
e½eÜzi Rxeb cwiPq
1920
RvwZi RbK e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb dwi`cyi †Rjvi ‡MvcvjMÄ gnKygvi (eZ©gv†b
†Rjv) Uyw½cvov Mªv†g GK m¤£všÍ gymwjg cwiev†i 1920 mv†ji 17 gvP© Rb¥MªnY K†ib|
†kL jyrdi ingvb I †kL mv‡qiv LvZy†bi Pvi Kb¨v I `yB cy†Îi g†a¨ Z…Zxq mšÍvb †kL
gywRe| evev-gv WvK†Zb ‡LvKv e†j | ‡LvKvi ‰kkeKvj Kv†U Uyw½cvovq|
1927
7 eQi eq†m wMgvWv½v cªvBgvix ¯‹y†j covïbv ïiæ K†ib| bq eQi eq†m ‡MvcvjMÄ
cvewjK ¯‹y†j Z…Zxq †k«Yx†Z fwZ© nb| c†i wZwb ¯’vbxq wgkbvix ¯‹y†j fwZ© nb|
1934
14 eQi eq†m †ewi†ewi ‡iv‡M AvµvšÍ n†j Zvi GKwU †PvL KjKvZvq Acv†ikb Kiv nq
Ges Pÿy‡iv‡Mi Kvi‡Y Zvui †jLvcvovq mvgwqK weiwZ N†U|
1937
Pÿy‡iv†M Pvi eQi wkÿvRxeb e¨vnZ nIqvi ci †kL gywRe cybivq ¯‹y†j fwZ© nb|
1938
18 eQi eq†m e½eÜy I †eMg dwRjvZyb†bQvi AvbyôvwbK we†q m¤úbœ nq| Zuviv `yB Kb¨v
†kL nvwmbv, †kL †invbv I wZb cyÎ †kL Kvgvj, †kL Rvgvj I †kL iv†m‡ji RbK-
Rbbx| (wZwb ‡MvcvjMÄ gymwjg †mev mwgwZi m¤úv`K wQ†jb| †m mgq Zuvi †bZ…†Z¡
gywówfÿvi gva¨†g UvKv msM«n K†i Mixe QvÎ†ì mvnvh¨ †`qv nZ| Awef³ evsjvi
gyL¨gš¿x †k†i evsjv G †K dRjyj nK Ges ‡nv†mb knx` ‡mvnivIqv`©x ‡MvcvjMÄ
wgkbvix ¯‹yj cwi`k©†b G†j e½eÜy ¯‹y†ji Qv` w`†q cvwb coZ Zv mvivevi Rb¨ Ges
QvÎvev†mi `vwe ¯‹yj QvÎ†ì cÿ †_†K Zy†j a†ib|
1939
gnKygv QvÎjxM MVb K†ib| †Rjv I cªv†`wkK QvÎjx†Mi KvDwÝji nb|
1940
dwi`cyi †Rjv QvÎjx†Mi mn-mfvcwZ wbe©vwPZ nb| G mgq AbywôZ m†¤§j†b Lye KvQ
†_†K KvRx bRiæj Bmjv†gi fvlY, Mvb Ges Ave…wË †kvbvi †mŠfvM¨ nq Zvi| †kL
gywRe†K ‡MvcvjMÄ gymwjg wW†dÝ KwgwUi †m†µUvix wbhy³ Kiv nq|
83
1942
G›UªvÝ (GmGmwm) cvm K†ib| KjKvZv Bmjvwgqv K†j†R B›UviwgwW†qU K¬v†m fwZ© nb
Ges †eKvi ‡nv‡÷‡j _vKvi eë¯’v nq| gymwjg jx†Mi dwi`cyi †Rjv cÖwZwbwa wn†m†e
wZwb wmivRM†Ä evsjv cªv†`wkK m†¤§j†b ‡hvM`vb K†ib| e½eÜy GB eQiB cvwK¯Ívb
Av†›`vj†bi mv†_ mwµqfv†e hy³ n†q c‡ob|
1943
mwµq ivRbxwZ†Z Rwo‡q c‡ob Ges gymwjg jx†Mi KvDwÝji wbe©vwPZ nb| w`wjø†Z Aj
BwÛqv gymwjg jxM KvDwÝ†j ‡hvM`vb K†ib |
1944
Kywóqvq AbywôZ wbwLj e½ gymwjg QvÎjx†Mi m†¤§j†b ‡hvM`vb Ges ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv
cvjb K†ib| KjKvZv¯’ dwi`cyievmx†ì GKwU ms¯’v dwi`cyi wWw÷«± G‡mvwm†qkbÕ-Gi
m¤úv`K wbe©vwPZ nb|
1945
e½eÜy Bmjvwgqv K†jR QvÎ msm†` webv cªwZØw›`¦Zvq mvaviY m¤úv`K (wRGm) wbe©vwPZ
nb|
1946
7 Gwcªj w`wjø†Z gymwjg jx†Mi †K›`ªxq I cªv†`wkK kvLvi Kb†fbk†b ‡hvM`vb| Gmgq
AvRgxi LvRv gBbyÏxb wPkwZi gvRvi wRqviZ K†ib| w`wjø†Z nhiZ wbRvgyÏxb
AvDwjqvi gvRvi wRqviZ K†ib| Rqcyi, AvMªv ågY K†ib|
1947
KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vj†qi Aax†b Bmjvwgqv K†jR †_†K we.G cvm K†ib| fviZ fvM n†q
cvwK¯Ívb ivó« cªwZôv n†j KjKvZvq `v½v cªwZ‡iva ZrciZvq AMªYx f~wgKv cvjb K†ib|
wm†j†U AbywôZ MY‡fv†U 500 Kg©x evwnbx wb‡q cªPviKvR cwiPvjbv K†ib| GKB eQ†ii
†kl w`†K wZwb XvKvq P†j Av†mb|
1948
XvKv wek¦we`¨vj†q AvBb wefv†Mi fwZ© nb Ges 4 Rvbyqvwi gymwjg QvÎjxM cÖwZôv K†ib|
23 †deªæqvwi cÖavbgš¿x LvRv bvwRgDwÏb AvBb cwil†` Ôc~e© cvwK¯Ív†bi RbMY D`©y†K
ivó« fvlv wn†m†e †g†b †b†e e†j ‡NvlYv w`†j ZvrÿwYKfv†e e½eÜy Gi cÖwZev` Rvbvb|
LvRv bvwRgywÏ†bi e³†e¨ mviv †`†k cªwZev†ì So I†V| †kL gywRe gymwjg jx†Mi GB
cwiKíbvi weiæ†× Av†›`vj†bi cª¯ÍywZ MÖn†Yi Rb¨ Kg©ZrciZv ïiæ K†ib| e½eÜy QvÎ I
ivR‰bwZK †bZ…e…†›ì mv†_ ‡hvMv‡hvM K†ib| 2 gvP© fvlv cÖ‡kœ gymwjg jx†Mi weiæ†×
Av†›`vjb†K msMwVZ Kivi j†ÿ¨ wewfbœ ivR‰bwZK `†ji Kg©x†ì GK ‰eVK AbywôZ nq|
84
dRjyj nK gymwjg n†j AbywôZ GB ‰eV†K e½eÜyi cÖ¯Íveµ‡g Ôme©`jxq ivó«fvlv msMÖvg
cwil`Õ MwVZ nq| msMÖvg cwil` evsjv fvlv wb‡q gymwjg jx‡Mi loh‡š¿i weiæ‡×
cÖwZev` Rvbv‡Z 11 gvP© mvaviY ag©NU AvnŸvb K‡ib| 11 gvP© evsjv fvlvi `vwe‡Z ag©NU
cvjbKv‡j e½eÜy mnKg©x‡ì| mv‡_ mwPevj‡qi mvg‡b we‡ÿvfiZ Ae¯’vq †MÖdZvi nb|
e½eÜy‡K †MÖdZvi Kivq mviv †`‡k QvÎ mgvR cÖwZev‡` †d‡U c‡o| gymwjg jxM miKvi
QvÎ‡ì Av‡›`vj‡bi Pv‡c e½eÜymn †MÖdZviK…Z QvÎ†bZ…e…›`‡K gyw³ w`‡Z eva¨ nq |
e½eÜy 15 gvP© gyw³ jvf K‡ib| e½eÜy gyw³ jv‡fi ci 16 gvP© XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi
AvgZjvq me©`jxq ivó«fvlv msMÖvg cwil‡ì D‡`¨v‡M QvÎ RbZvi mfvi Av‡qvRb Kiv nq
| GB mfvq e½eÜy mfvcwZZ¡ K‡ib| mfvq cywjk nvgjv Pvjvq| cywjkx nvgjvi cªwZev‡`
mfv †_‡K e½eÜy 17 gvP© wkÿv cªwZôv‡b ag©NU cvj‡bi AvnŸvb Rvbvb| 11 †m‡Þ¤î
dwi`cy‡i KW©b cÖ_vi weiæ‡× Av‡›`vjb Kivi Rb¨ Zv‡K †MªdZvi Kiv nq|
1949
21 Rvbyqvwi †kL gywRe KvivMvi †_‡K gyw³ cvb| XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi PZy_© †k«Yxi
Kg©Pvixiv Zv‡ì `vwe-`vIqv Av`v‡qi D‡Ï‡k¨ ag©NU ‡NvlYv Ki‡j e½eÜy ag©N‡Ui cªwZ
mg_©b Rvbvb| Kg©Pvix‡ì G Av‡›`vj‡b †bZ…‡Z¡ †`qvi Awf‡hv‡M 29 gvP© wek¦we`¨vjq
KZ©…cÿ A‡hŠw³Kfv‡e Zvu‡K Rwigvbv K‡i| wZwb G Ab¨vq wb‡`©k N…Yvf‡i cªZ¨vL¨vb
K‡ib| d‡j wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K ewn¯‹…Z nb| 19 GwcÖj DcvPv‡h©i evmfe‡b mvg‡b
Ae¯’vb ag©NU Kivi Kvi‡Y †Mªßvi nb | 23 Ryb c~e© cvwK¯Ívb AvIqvgx gymwjg jxM MwVZ
nq Ges †R‡j _vKv Ae¯’vq e½eÜy G `‡ji hyM¥-m¤úv`K wbe©vwPZ nb| RyjvB gv‡mi
†k‡li w`‡K gyw³jvf K‡ib| †R‡j †_‡K †ewi‡qB †`‡k weivRgvb cªKU Lv`¨ msK‡Ui
weiæ‡× Av‡›`vjb msMwVZ Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| †m‡Þ¤^‡i 144 aviv f‡½i `v‡q †MÖßvi nb I
c‡i gyw³ jvf K‡ib| 11 A‡±vei AbywôZ AvIqvgx gymwjg jx‡Mi mfvq byiæj Avwg‡bi
c`Z¨vM `vwe K‡ib| cvwK¯Ív‡bi cªavbgš¿x wjqvKZ Avjx Lv‡bi AvMgb Dcj‡ÿ AvIqvgx
gymwjg jxM f~Lv wgwQj †ei K‡i | GB wgwQ‡j †bZ…Z¡ †`qvi Rb¨ 14 A‡±vei †kL
gywReyi ingvb‡K †Mªßvi Kiv nq| Gev‡i Zvu‡K cÖvq `yÕeQi cvuP gvm †R‡j AvUK ivLv
nq|
1952
26 Rvbyqvwi LvRv bvwRgDwÏb ‡NvlYv K‡ib ÔcvwK¯Ív‡bi ivó«fvlv n‡e D`©y| Gi cÖwZev‡`
e›`x _vKv Ae¯’vq 21 †deªæqvwi‡K ivRe›`x gyw³ Ges evsjv‡K ivóªfvlv Kivi `vwe wèm
wn‡m‡e cvjb Kivi Rb¨ e½eÜy ivóªfvlv msMªvg cwil‡ì cªwZ Avnevb Rvbvb| 16
†deªæqvwi e½eÜy G `vwe‡Z †RjLvbvq Abkb ïiæ K‡ib| 21 †deªæqvwi ivóªfvlv evsjvi
`vwe‡Z QvÎ mgvR 144 aviv f½ K‡i wgwQj K‡i| wgwQ‡j cywjk ¸wj Pvjv‡j mvjvg,
85
eiKZ, iwdK, kwdDi knx` nb| e½eÜy †RjLvbv †_‡K GK wee…wZ‡Z QvÎ wgwQ‡j
cywj‡ki ¸wjel©‡Yi Zxeª wb›`v I cÖwZev` Rvbvb| GKUvbv 13 w`b Abkb Ae¨vnZ
iv‡Lb| †RjLvbv †_‡K Av‡›`vjbKvix‡ì m‡½ ‡hvMv‡hvM ivLvi `v‡q Zv‡K XvKv †RjLvbv
†_‡K dwi`cyi †R‡j mwi‡q †bqv nq| 26 †deªæqvwi dwi`cyi †Rj †_‡K wZwb gyw³jvf
K‡ib| †m‡Þ¤î gv‡m wZwb Px‡bi wcwKs-G wek¦kvwšÍ m‡¤§j‡b ‡hvM`vb K‡ib|
1953
9 RyjvB c~e© cvwK¯Ívb AvIqvgx gymwjg jx‡Mi KvDwÝ‡j wZwb `‡ji mvaviY m¤úv`K
wbe©vwPZ nb| cvwK¯Ívb MYcwil‡ì mvaviY wbe©vP‡b gymwjg jxM‡K civwRZ Kivi j‡ÿ¨
gIjvbv fvmvbx, G †K dRjyj nK I knx` ‡mvnivIqv`©xi g‡a¨ H‡Kï †Póv nq| GB
j‡ÿ¨ 14 b‡f¤î `‡ji we‡kl KvDwÝj WvKv nq Ges G‡Z hy³d«›U MV‡bi cÖ¯Íve M…nxZ
nq|
1954
10 gvP© cÖ_g mvaviY wbe©vP‡b 237wU Avm‡bi g‡a¨ hy³d«›U jvf K‡i 223wU Avmb| Gi
g‡a¨ AvIqvgx jxM cvq 143wU Avmb| e½eÜy ‡MvcvjM‡Äi Avm‡b gymwjg jx‡Mi
cÖfvekvjx †bZv Iqvwn`y¾vgvb‡K 13 nvRvi ‡fv‡U civwRZ K‡i wbe©vwPZ nb| 15 †g
e½eÜy cªv‡`wkK miKv‡ii K…wl I eb gš¿xi `vwqZ¡ jvf K‡ib| 30 †g †K›`ªxq miKvi
hy³d«›U gwš¿mfv evwZj K‡i †`q| 30 †g e½eÜy KivPx †_‡K XvKvq cªZ¨veZ©b K‡ib Ges
†Mªßvi nb| 23 wW‡m¤î wZwb gyw³ jvf K‡ib|
1955
5 Ryb e½eÜy MYcwil‡ì m`m¨ wbe©vwPZ nb| AvIqvgx jx‡Mi D‡`¨v‡M 17 Ryb XvKvi
cëb gq`v‡bi Rbmfv †_‡K c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi ¯^vqËkvmb `vwe K‡i 21 `dv ‡NvlYv Kiv
nq| 23 Ryb AvIqvgx jx‡Mi Kvh©Kix cwil‡` wm×všÍ M…nxZ nq †h, cye© cvwK¯Ív‡bi
¯^vqËkvmb cÖ`vb Kiv bv n‡j `jxq m`mïv AvBbmfv †_‡K c`Z¨vM Ki‡eb| 25 AvM÷
KivPx‡Z cvwK¯Ívb MYcwil‡` e½eÜy e‡jb,
Sir, you will see that they want to place the word 'East Pakistan'
instead of East Bengal'. We have demanded so many times that you
should use Bengal instead of Pakistan. The word 'Bengal' has a
history, has a tradition of its own. You can change it only after the
people have been consulted. I you want to change it then we have to
go back to Bengal and ask them whether they accept it. So far as the
question of One-Unit is concerned can come in the constitution. Why
86
do you want it to be taken up just now. What about the state language,
Bengali? What about joint electorate? What about autonomy? The
people of East Bengal will be prepared to consider One-Unit with all
these things. So, I appeal to my friends on that side to
allow the people to give their verdict on any way, in the form of
referendum or in the form of plebicite".
(Abev` t Òm¨vi, Avcwb †`L‡eb Iiv c~e©evsjv bv‡gi cwie‡Z© c~e© cvwK¯Ívb bvg ivL‡Z
Pvq| Avgiv eûevi `vwe Rvwb‡qwQ †h, Avcbviv GUv‡K evsjv bv‡g Wv‡Kb| evsjv kãUvi
GKUv wbR¯^ BwZnvm Av‡Q, Av‡Q Gi GKUv HwZn¨ Av‡Q| Avcbviv GB bvg Avgv‡ì
RbM‡Yi m‡½ Avjvc Av‡jvPbv K‡i cwieZ©b Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Avcbviv hw` H bvg
cwieZ©b Ki‡Z Pvb Zvn‡j Avgv‡ì evsjvq Avevi †h‡Z n‡e Ges †mLvbKvi RbM‡Yi
Kv‡Q wR‡Ám Ki‡Z n‡e Zviv bvg cwieZ©b‡K †g‡b †b‡e wK-bv| GK BDwb‡Ui cÖkœUv
MVbZ‡š¿ AšÍf©y³ n‡Z cv‡i | Avcbviv GB cÖkœUv‡K GLbB †Kb Zyj‡Z Pvb?
evsjvfvlv‡K, ivó«fvlv wn‡m‡e MÖnY Kivi e¨vcv‡i wK n‡e? hy³ wbe©vPbx GjvKv MV‡bi
cÖkœUviB wK mgvavb? Avgv‡ì ¯^vqËkvmb m¤^‡ÜB ev wK fve‡Qb? c~e©evsjvi RbMY
Ab¨vb¨ cªkœ¸‡jvi mgvav‡bi mv‡_ GK BDwb‡Ui cÖkœUv‡K we‡ePbv Ki‡Z cÖ¯ÍyZ| ZvB Avwg
Avgvi H As‡ki eÜy‡ì Kv‡Q Av‡e`b Rvbv‡ev Zviv †hb Avgv‡ì RbM‡Yi Ô‡idv‡iÛvg
A_ev MY‡fv‡Ui gva¨‡g †`qv ivq‡K †g‡b †bb|) 21 A‡±vei AvIqvgx gymwjg jx‡Mi
KvDwÝj Awa‡ek‡b `‡ji bvg †_‡K Ôgymwjg' kã cÖZ¨vnvi Kiv nq Ges e½eÜy cybivq
`‡ji mvaviY m¤úv`K wbe©vwPZ nb|
1956
3 †deªæqvwi AvIqvgx jxM †bZ…e…›` gyL¨gš¿xi mv‡_ mvÿvr K‡i Lmov kvmbZ‡š¿ cÖv‡`wkK
¯^vqË kvm‡bi welqwU AšÍf©yw³i `vwe Rvbvb| 14 RyjvB AvIqvgx jx‡Mi mfvq cÖkvm‡b
mvgwiK evwnbxi cÖwZwbwa‡Z¡i we‡ivwaZv K‡i GKwU wm×všÍ cÖ¯Íve M…nxZ nq| GB wm×všÍ
cÖ¯Íve Av‡bb e½eÜy| 4 †m‡Þ¤î e½eÜyi †bZ…‡Z¡ 144 aviv f½ K‡i Lv‡`ï `vwe‡Z f~Lv
wgwQj †ei Kiv nq| PKevRvi GjvKvq cywjk wgwQ‡j ¸wj Pvjv‡j 3 Rb wbnZ nq| 16
†m‡Þ¤î e½eÜy †Kvqvwjkb miKv‡ii wkí, evwYR¨, kªg, `yb©xwZ `gb I wf‡jR GBW
`ß‡ii gš¿xi `vwqZ¡ jvf K‡ib| G eQi wZwb hy³ivó« mdi K‡ib|
1957
msMVb‡K mymsMwVZ Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ 30 †g `jxq wm×všÍ Abyhvqx †kL gywRe gwš¿mfv †_‡K
c`Z¨vM K‡ib| 7 AvM÷ wZwb Pxb I ‡mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡b miKvix mdi K‡ib|
87
1958
7 A‡±vei cvwK¯Ív‡bi mvgwiK evwnbxi cªavb †gRi †Rbv‡ij AvBqye Lvb mvgwiK kvmb
Rvwi K‡i ivRbxwZ wbwl× ‡NvlYv K‡ib| 11 A‡±vei e½eÜy‡K †MªdZvi Kiv nq Ges
G‡Ki ci GK wg_¨v gvgjv `v‡qi K‡i nqivwb Kiv nq| cªvq †PŠÏ gvm †RjLvbvq _vKvi
ci Zv‡K gyw³ w`‡q cybivq †Rj‡M‡UB †MªdZvi Kiv nq |
1961
7 wW‡m¤î nvB‡Kv‡U© ixU Av‡e`b K‡i wZwb gyw³ jvf K‡ib| mvgwiK kvmb I AvBqye
we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb M‡o ‡Zvjvi j‡ÿ¨ e½eÜy ‡Mvcb ivR‰bwZK Kg©KvÛ cwiPvjbv K‡ib|
G mgqB e½eÜy evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv msMªv‡gi j‡ÿ¨ KvR Kivi Rb¨ wewkó QvÎ †bZ…e…›`
Øviv ¯^vaxb evsjv wecøex cwil`' bv‡g GKwU ‡Mvcb msMVb cªwZôv K‡ib| cªwZ gnKygvq
Ges _vbvq wbDwK¬qvm MVb K‡ib|
1962
6 †deªæqvwi e½eÜy‡K RbwbivcËv AvB‡b †MªdZvi Kiv nq| 2 Ryb Pvi eQ‡ii mvgwiK
kvm‡bi Aemvb NU‡j 18 Ryb e½eÜy gyw³ jvf K‡ib| 25 Ryb e½eÜymn RvZxq †bZ…e…›`
AvBqye Lv‡bi †gŠwjK MYZš¿ eë¯’vi weiæ‡× †hŠ_ wee…wZ †`b| 5 RyjvB cë‡bi
Rbmfvq e½eÜy AvBqye miKv‡ii K‡Vvi mgv‡jvPbv K‡ib| 24 †m‡Þ¤î e½eÜy jv‡nvi
hvb, GLv‡b knx` ‡mvnivIqv`©xi †bZ…‡Z¡ we‡ivax`jxq ‡gvP©v RvZxq MYZvwš¿K d«›U MwVZ
nq| A‡±vei gv‡m MYZvwš¿K d«‡›Ui c‡ÿ RbgZ m…wói Rb¨ wZwb knx` ‡mvnivIqv`©xi
mv‡_ mviv evsjv mdi K‡ib|
1963
‡mvnivIqv`©x Amy¯’ n‡q wPwKrmvi Rb¨ jÛ‡b Ae¯’vbKv‡j Zuvi m‡½ civg‡k©i Rb¨ e½eÜy
jÛ‡b hvb| 5 wW‡m¤î ‡mvnivIqv`©x ‰eiæ‡Z B‡šÍKvj K‡ib|
1964
25 Rvbyqvwi e½eÜyi evmfe‡b AbywôZ GK mfvq AvIqvgx jxM‡K cybiæ¾xweZ Kiv nq|
GB mfvq †`‡ki cªvßeq¯‹ bvMwiK‡ì ‡fv‡Ui gva¨‡g msm`xq miKvi eë¯’v cªeZ©‡bi
`vwe mvaviY gvby‡li b¨vh¨ AwaKvi Av`vq m¤^wjZ cª¯Íve M…nxZ nq| mfvq gvIjvbv
Ave`yi ikx` ZK©evMxk I e½eÜy †kL gywRe h_vµ‡g mfvcwZ I mvaviY m¤úv`K
wbe©vwPZ nb| 11 gvP© e½eÜyi †bZ…‡Z¡ me©`jxq msMªvg cwil` MVb| mv¤cÖ`vwqK `v½vi
weiæ‡× e½eÜyi †bZ…‡Z¡ `v½v cªwZ‡iva KwgwU MwVZ nq| `v½vi ci AvBqye we‡ivax
HKë× Av‡›`vj‡bi cª¯ÍywZ Mªn‡Yi Rb¨ e½eÜyi D‡`¨vM MªnY | ivó«cwZ wbe©vP‡bi 14 w`b
c~‡e© e½eÜy‡K †MªdZvi Kiv nq|
88
1965
†kL gywR‡ei weiæ‡× ivóª‡`ªvwnZv I AvcwËKi e³e¨ cª`v‡bi Awf‡hv‡M gvgjv `v‡qi|
GK eQ‡ii Kviv`Ð cª`vb Kiv nq| cieZ©x‡Z nvB‡Kv‡U©i wb‡`©‡k XvKv †K›`ªxq KvivMvi
†_‡K wZwb gyw³jvf K‡ib|
1966
5 †deªæqvwi jv‡nv‡i we‡ivax `jmg~‡ni RvZxq m‡¤§j‡b e½eÜy HwZnvwmK 6 `dv `vwe
†ck K‡ib| cÖ¯ÍvweZ 6 `dv wQj evOvwj RvwZi gyw³i mb`| 1 gvP© e½eÜy AvIqvgx
jx‡Mi mfvcwZ wbe©vwPZ nb| e½eÜy 6 `dvi c‡ÿ RbgZ m…wói D‡Ï‡k¨ mviv evsjvq
MYms‡hvM mdi ïiæ K‡ib| G mgq Zv‡K wm‡jU, gqgbwmsn I XvKvq evi evi †MÖdZvi
Kiv nq| e½eÜyi G eQ‡ii cÖ_g wZb gv‡m AvUevi †MÖdZvi nb| 8 †g bvivqYMÄ
cvUKj kªwgK‡ì Rbmfvq e³…Zv †k‡l Zv‡K cybivq †MÖdZvi Kiv nq| 7 Ryb e½eÜy I
AvUK †bZ…e…‡›ì gyw³i `vwe‡Z mviv‡`‡k ag©NU cvwjZ nq| ag©N‡Ui mgq XvKv,
bvivqYMÄ I U½x‡Z cywj‡ki ¸wj‡Z †ZRMvuq wkí GjvKvq gby wgqvmn 11 Rb kÖwgK
wbnZ nq |
1968
3 Rvbyqvwi cvwK¯Ívb miKvi e½eÜy‡K GK b¤î Avmvwg K‡i ‡gvU 35 Rb ev½vwj †mbv I
wm Gm wc Awdmv‡ii weiæ‡× cvwK¯Ívb‡K wew”Qbœ Kivi Awf‡hvM G‡b ivóª‡`ªvnx wn‡m‡e
(AvMiZjv lohš¿) gvgjv `v‡qi K‡i| 17 Rvbyqvwi e½eÜy‡K †Rj †_‡K gyw³ w`‡q
cybivq †Rj †MU †_‡K †MªdZvi K‡i XvKv †mbvwbev‡m AvUK ivLv nq| e½eÜymn
AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjvi Awfhy³ Avmvwg‡ì gyw³i `vwe‡Z mviv‡`‡k we‡ÿvf ïiæ nq|
19 Ryb XvKv †mbvwbev‡m K‡Vvi wbivcËvi g‡a¨ AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjvi Avmvwg‡ì
wePvi KvR ïiæ nq |
1969
5 Rvbyqvwi 6 `dvmn 11 `dv `vwe Av`v‡qi j‡ÿ¨ †K›`ªxq QvÎ msMªvg cwil` MwVZ|
†K›`ªxq QvÎ msMªvg cwil` AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjv cªZ¨vnvi I e½eÜyi gyw³ `vwe‡Z
†`ke¨vcx QvÎ Av‡›`vjb ïiæ K‡i| GB Av‡›`vjb MYAv‡›`vj‡b cwiYZ nq| c‡i 144
aviv I Kvd©y f½, cywjk-BwcAvi-Gi ¸wjel©Y, eû nZvn‡Zi ga¨ w`‡q MY-AfÿÌv‡b iƒc
wb‡j AvBqye miKvi 1 †deªæqvwi ‡Mvj †Uwej ‰eV‡Ki AvnŸvb Rvbvq Ges e½eÜy‡K
c¨v‡iv‡j gyw³ `vb Kiv n‡e e‡j ‡NvlYv †`qv nq| e½eÜy c¨v‡iv‡j gyw³`vb c«Z¨vL¨vb
K‡ib| 22 †deªæqvwi RbM‡Yi Ae¨vnZ Pv‡ci gy‡L †K›`ªxq miKvi AvMiZjv lohš¿
gvgjv cªZ¨vnvi K‡i e½eÜymn Ab¨vb¨ Avmvwg‡K gyw³ `v‡b eva¨ nq| 23 †deªæqvwi
†im‡Kvm© (‡mvnivIqv`©x D`¨vb) gq`v‡b †K›`ªxq QvÎ msMªvg cwil‡ì D‡`¨v‡M e½eÜy‡K
89
msea©bvi Av‡qvRb Kiv nq| cªvq 10 jvL QvÎ RbZvi GB msea©bv mgv‡e‡k †kL gywReyi
ingvb‡K AvbyôvwbKfv‡e e½eÜy Dcvwa‡Z f~wlZ Kiv nq| e½eÜy †im‡Kv‡m©i fvl‡Y QvÎ
mgv‡Ri 11 `dv `vwei cÖwZ c~Y© mg_©b Rvbvb| 10 gvP© e½eÜy ivIqvjwcwÛ‡Z AvBqye
Lv‡bi ‡Mvj †Uwej ‰eV‡K ‡hvM`vb K‡ib| e½eÜy ‡Mvj †Uwej ‰eV‡K AvIqvgx jx‡Mi 6
`dv I QvÎ mgv‡Ri 11 `dv `vwe Dc¯’vcb K‡i e‡jb, MYAm‡šÍvl wbim‡b 6 `dv I 11
`dvi wfwË‡Z AvÂwjK ¯^vqËkvmb cÖ`vb Qvov Avi †Kvb weKí †bB'| cvwK¯Ívbx
kvmK‡Mvôx I ivRbxwZweìv e½eÜyi `vwe AMªvn¨ Ki‡j 13 gvP© wZwb ‡Mvj †Uwej ‰eVK
Z¨vM K‡ib Ges 14 gvP© XvKvq wd‡i Av‡mb| 25 A‡±vei e½eÜy wZb mßv‡ni mvsMVwbK
md‡i jÛb Mgb K‡ib| 5 wW‡m¤î knx` ‡mvnivIqv`©xi g…Zyëvwl©Kx Dcj‡ÿ¨ AvIqvgx
jx‡Mi Av‡jvPbv mfvq e½eÜy c~e© evsjvi bvgKiY K‡ib evsjv‡`k| wZwb e‡jb,
ÒGKmgq G‡`‡ki eyK nB‡Z, gvbwP‡Îi c…ôv nB‡Z Ôevsjv' K_vwUi me©‡kl wPýUyKyI
wPiZ‡i gywQqv †djvi †Póv Kiv nBqv‡Q|... GKgvÎ e‡½vcmvMiÕ Qvov Avi †Kvb wKQyi
bv‡gi m‡½ evsjv' K_vwUi Aw¯ÍZ¡ LyuwRqv cvIqv hvq bvB|... RbM‡Yi cÿ nB‡Z Avwg
‡NvlYv Kwi‡ZwQ- AvR nB‡Z cvwK¯Ív‡bi c~e©vÂjxq cÖ‡`kwUi bvg Ôc~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi
cwie‡Z© ïay gvÎ evsjv‡`k|
1970
6 Rvbyqvwi e½eÜy cybivq AvIqvgx jxM mfvcwZ wbe©vwPZ nb| 1 GwcÖj AvIqvgx jxM
Kvh©Kix cwil‡ì mfvq wbe©vP‡b AskMÖn‡Yi wm×všÍ M…nxZ nq| 7 Ryb †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡bi
Rbmfvq e½eÜy 6 `dvi cÖ‡kœ AvIqvgx jxM‡K wbe©vwPZ Kivi Rb¨ †`kevmxi cÖwZ AvnŸvb
Rvbvb| 17 A‡±vei e½eÜy Zvi `‡ji wbe©vP‡bi cªZxK wn‡m‡e Ô‡bŠKv cÖZxK cQ›` K‡ib
Ges XvKvi ‡avjvBLv‡j cÖ_g wbe©vPbx Rbmfvi ga¨ w`‡q wbe©vPbx cªPviYv ïiæ K‡ib| 28
A‡±vei wZwb RvwZi D‡Ï‡k¨ †eZviÐwUwf fvl‡Y 6 `dv ev¯Íevq‡b AvIqvgx jxM cÖv_©x‡ì
Rqhy³ Kivi Rb¨ †`kevmxi cÖwZ AvnŸvb Rvbvb | 12 b‡f¤^‡ii N~Y©xS‡o DcK~jxq
GjvKvq 10 jÿ gvby‡li cªvYnvwb NU‡j e½eÜy wbe©vPbx cªPviYv evwZj K‡i `yM©Z GjvKvq
P‡j hvb Ges AvZ©gvbeZvi cªwZ cvwK¯Ívbx kvmK‡ì D`vmx‡bï Zxeª wb›`v I cªwZev`
Rvbvb| wZwb N~Y©xSo Dc`ªæZ gvby‡li Îv‡Yi Rb¨ wek¦evmxi cÖwZ AvnŸvb Rvbvb| 7
wW‡m¤î mvaviY wbe©vP‡b AvIqvgx jxM wbi¼yk msL¨vMwiôZv AR©b K‡i| AvIqvgx jxM
ZrKvjxb c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b RvZxq cwil‡ì 169wU Avm‡bi g‡a¨ 167wU Avmb Ges
cªv‡`wkK cwil‡ì 310wU Avm‡bi g‡a¨ 305wU Avmb jvf K‡i |
1971
3 Rvbyqvwi †im‡Kv‡m©i Rbmfvq e½eÜy †kL gywRe RbcªwZwbwa‡ì kc_ MªnY cwiPvjbv
K‡ib| AvIqvgx jxM `jxq m`mïv 6 `dvi wfwË‡Z kvmbZš¿ iPbv Ges RbM‡Yi cªwZ
90
AbyMZ _vKvi kc_ MªnY K‡ib| 5 Rvbyqvwi ZrKvjxb cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b me©vwaK Avmb
jvfKvix cvwK¯Ívb wccjm cvwU© †bZv RyjwdKvi Avjx fy‡Æv †K‡›`ª AvIqvgx jx‡Mi mv‡_
†Kvqvwjkb miKvi MV‡b Zvi m¤§wZi K_v ‡NvlYv K‡ib| RvZxq cwil` m`m¨‡ì GK
‰eV‡K e½eÜy cvj©v‡g›Uvwi be †bZv wbe©vwPZ nb| 28 Rvbyqvwi RyjwdKvi Avjx fy‡Æv
e½eÜyi mv‡_ Av‡jvPbvi Rb¨ XvKvq Av‡mb| wZbw`b ‰eV‡Ki ci Av‡jvPbv e¨_© n‡q
hvq| 23 †deªæqvwi †cªwm‡W›U Bqvwnqv Lvb 3 gvP© XvKvq RvZxq cwil‡ì ‰eVK AvnŸvb
K‡ib| 15 †deªæqvwi fy‡Æv XvKvq RvZxq cwil‡ì ‰eVK eqK‡Ui ‡NvlYv w`‡q `yB
cª‡`‡ki msL¨vMwiô `yB `‡ji cªwZ ÿgZv n¯ÍvšÍi Kivi `vwe Rvbvb| 16 †deªæqvwi e½eÜy
GK wee…wZ‡Z Rbve fy‡Ævi `vwei Zxeª mgv‡jvPbv K‡i e‡jb, Ôfy‡Æv mv‡n‡ei `vwe m¤ú~Y©
A‡hŠw³K| ÿgZv GKgvÎ msL¨vMwiô `j AvIqvgx jx‡Mi Kv‡Q n¯ÍvšÍi Ki‡Z n‡e|
ÿgZvi gvwjK GLb c~e© evsjvi RbMY| 1 gvP© Bqvwnqv Lvb Awbw`©óKv‡ji Rb¨ RvZxq
cwil‡ì ‰eVK ¯’wM‡Zi ‡NvlYv w`‡j mviv evsjvq cªwZev‡ì So I‡V| e½eÜyi
mfvcwZ‡Z¡ AvIqvgx jxM Kvh©Kix cwil‡ì Riæwi ‰eV‡K 3 gvP© †`ke¨vcx niZvj AvnŸvb
Kiv nq| 3 gvP© mviv evsjvq niZvj cvwjZ nevi ci e½eÜy Awej‡¤^ ÿgZv n¯ÍvšÍi Kivi
Rb¨ †cªwm‡W‡›Ui cªwZ `vwe Rvbvb| 7 gvP© †im‡Kv‡m©i Rbmgy`ª †_‡K e½eÜy †kL gywReyi
ingvb ‡NvlYv K‡ib ÔGev‡ii msMªvg Avgv‡ì gyw³i msMªvg, Gev‡ii msMªvg ¯^vaxbZvi
msMªvg, Rq evsjv'|Õ HwZnvwmK fvl‡Y RvwZi RbK e½eÜy evOvwj RvwZ‡K k…•Lj gyw³i
AvnŸvb Rvwb‡q ‡NvlYv K‡ib, Òi³ hLb w`‡qwQ i³ Av‡iv †`‡ev, G‡`‡ki gvbyl‡K gy³
K‡i Qvo‡ev, Bbkvjøvn|....... cÖ‡Z¨K N‡i N‡i `yM© M‡o ‡Zv‡jv | hvi hv wKQy Av‡Q ZvB
wb‡q kÎæi ‡gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z n‡e|Ó kÎyi weiæ‡× †Mwijv hy‡×i cÖ¯ÍywZ †bevi Avnevb
Rvbvb| e½eÜy Bqvwnqv Lv‡bi miKv‡ii weiæ‡× Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡bi WvK †`b|
GKw`‡K ivó«cwZ †Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqvi wb‡`©k †hZ, Aciw`‡K avbgwÛ 32 bs moK †_‡K
e½eÜyi wb‡`©k †hZ, evsjvi gvbyl e½eÜyi wb‡`©k †g‡b Pj‡Zb| Awdm Av`vjZ, e¨vsK
exgv, ¯‹yjK‡jR, Mvwo, wkí-KviLvbv meB e½eÜyi wb‡`©k †g‡b‡Q| Bqvwnqvi me wb‡`©k
Agvb¨ K‡i Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡b evsjvi gvby‡li †mB Af~Zc~e© mvov weij NUbv| 16B
gvP© †_‡K XvKvq ÿgZv n¯ÍvšÍi cÖ‡kœ gywRe-Bqvwnqv †eVK ïiæ nq| Av‡jvPbvi Rb¨ Rbve
fy‡ÆvI XvKvq Av‡mb| 24 gvP© ch©šÍ Bqvwnqv-gywRe- fy‡Æv Av‡jvPbv nq| 25 gvP©
Av‡jvPbv e¨_© nevi ci mÜ¨vq MYnZ¨vi wb‡`©k w`‡q Bqvwnqv XvKv Z¨vM K‡ib| 25 gvP©
wèvMZ iv‡Z wbixn wbi¯¿ evOvwji Ici cvwK¯Ívb †mbvevwnbx Svwc‡q c‡o| AvµgY K‡i
XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, wcjLvbv ivB‡dj mì `dZi I ivRvievM cywjk †nW †KvqvU©vi|
91
e½eÜy 25‡k gvP© ivZ 12Uv 20 wgwb‡U evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv ‡NvlYv K‡ib |
‘This may be my last message, From to-day Bangladesh is
independent. I call upon the people of Bangladesh wherever you
might be and with whatever you have, to resist the army of occupation
to the last. Your fight must go until the last soldier of the Pakistan
occupation army is expelled from the soil of Bangladesh and final
victory is achieved.’
[Abyev` t GUvB nq‡Zv Avgvi †kl evZ©v, AvR †_‡K evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb| evsjv‡`‡ki
RbMY, ‡Zvgviv †h †hLv‡bB AvQ Ges hvi hv wKQy Av‡Q ZvB wb‡q †kl ch©šÍ `Lj`vi
‰mb¨ evwnbx‡K cªwZ‡iva Kivi Rb¨ Avwg ‡Zvgv‡ì AvnŸvb Rvbvw”Q| cvwK¯Ívb `Lj`vi
evwnbxi †kl ‰mwbKwU‡K evsjv‡`‡ki gvwU †_‡K weZvwoZ K‡i P~ovšÍ weRq AwR©Z bv
nIqv ch©šÍ ‡Zvgv‡ì hy× Pvwj‡q †h‡Z n‡e|'] GB ‡NvlYv evsjv‡`‡ki me©Î Iqvi‡jm,
†Uwj‡dvb I †UwjMªv‡gi gva¨‡g †cªwiZ nq| Gi m‡½ m‡½B wZwb evsjvq wbgœwjwLZ GKwU
‡NvlYv cvVvb| ÔcvwK¯Ívb †mbvevwnbx AZwK©Zfv‡e wcjLvbv BwcAvi NvwU ivRvievM cywjk
jvBb AvµgY K‡i‡Q Ges kn‡ii iv¯Ívq iv¯Ívq hy× Pj‡Q, Avwg we‡k¦i RvwZmg~‡ni Kv‡Q
mvnv‡hï Av‡e`b K‡iwQ| Avgv‡ì gyw³‡hv×viv exi‡Z¡i m‡½ gvZ…f~wg gy³ Kivi Rb¨
kÎæ‡ì m‡½ hy× Ki‡Q| me©kw³gvb Avjøvni bv‡g Avcbv‡ì Kv‡Q Avgvi Av‡e`b I
Av‡`k †`k‡K ¯^vaxb Kivi Rb¨ †kl i³we›`y _vKv ch©šÍ hy× Pvwj‡q hvb| Avcbv‡ì
cv‡k †m hy× Kivi Rb¨ cywjk, BwcAvi, †e½j †iwR‡g›U I Avbmvi‡ì mvnvh¨ Pvb|
†Kvb Av‡cvm bvB| Rq Avgv‡ì n‡eB| cweÎ gvZ…f~wg †_‡K †kl kÎy‡K weZvwoZ Kiæb|
mKj AvIqvgx jxM †bZv-Kg©x Ges Ab¨vb¨ †`k‡cªwgK wcªq ‡jvK‡ì Kv‡Q G msev`
†cŠ‡Q w`b| Avjøvn& Avcbv‡ì g½j Kiæb| Rq evsjv|Õ nvbv`vi cvwK¯Ívb evwnbxi weiæ‡×
cªwZ‡iva hy‡× AskMªn‡Yi Rb¨ evOvwj mvgwiK I †emvgwiK ‡hv×v, QvÎ, kªwgK, K…lKmn
me©¯Í‡ii RbM‡Yi cªwZ AvnŸvb Rvbvb| e½eÜyi GB AvnŸvb †eZvi hš¿ gvidZ
ZvrÿwYKfv‡e we‡kl eë¯’vq mviv‡`‡k cvVv‡bv nq| iv‡ZB GB evZ©v †c‡q PÆMÖvg,
Kywgjøv I h‡kvi †mbvwbev‡m evOvwj RIqvb I Awdmviiv cÖwZ‡iva M‡o ‡Zv‡jb| PÆMÖvg
†eZvi †K›`ª †_‡K e½eÜyi ‡NvlYv cÖPvi Kiv nq Mfxi iv‡Z| ¯^vaxbZvi ‡NvlYv †èvi
Aciv‡a cvwK¯Ívb †mbvevwnbx 1.30 wgwb‡U e½eÜy‡K avbgwÛi 32 bs evmfeb †_‡K
†MªdZvi K‡i Zv‡K †mbvwbev‡m wb‡q hvq| 26 gvP© Mfxi iv‡Z Zvu‡K e›`x Ae¯’vq
cvwK¯Ívb wb‡q hvIqv nq| 26 gvP© †Rt Bqvwnqv GK fvl‡Y AvIqvgx jxM‡K wbwl× ‡NvlYv
K‡i e½eÜy‡K †`k‡`ªvnx e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡i | 26 gvP© PÆMªvg ¯^vaxb evsjv †eZvi †K›`ª
92
†_‡K PÆMªv‡gi AvIqvgx jxM †bZv Gg G nvbœvb e½eÜyi ¯^vaxbZv ‡NvlYv cÎwU cvV
K‡ib| 10 Gwcªj e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K ivó«cwZ K‡i wecøex miKvi MwVZ nq| 17
Gwcªj †g‡nicy‡i ‰e`¨bv_Zjvi AvgªKvb‡b (gywRebMi) evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii kc_ MªnY
AbywôZ nq| e½eÜy ivó«cwZ, ‰mq` bRiæj Bmjvg Dc-ivóªcwZ Ges A¯’vqx ivóªcwZ Ges
ZvRDwÏb Avng` cªavbgš¿x wbe©vwPZ nb| cªevmx evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii cwiPvjbvq gyw³hy×
†k‡l 16 wW‡m¤î HwZnvwmK †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b cvwK¯Ívb evwnbxi AvZ¥mgc©‡Yi ga¨ w`‡q
gyw³hy‡× weRq AwR©Z nq| evsjv‡`k jvf K‡i ¯^vaxbZv| Zvi Av‡M 7 †m‡Þ¤î
cvwK¯Ív‡bi jvqvjcyi mvgwiK †R‡j e½eÜyi ‡Mvcb wePvi K‡i Zvu‡K †`k‡`ªvnx ‡NvlYv
K‡i g…Zÿ`Ð cª`vb Kiv nq| wewfbœ †`k I we‡k¦i gyw³Kvgx RbMY e½eÜyi Rxe‡bi
wbivcËvi `vwe Rvbvq| 27 wW‡m¤î evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii cÿ †_‡K RvwZi RbK ivó«cwZ
†kL gywReyi ingvb‡K Awej‡¤^ wbtkZ© gyw³ cª`v‡bi `vwe Rvbv‡bv nq| fviZ I ‡mvwf‡qZ
BDwbqbmn wewfbœ †`k I AvšÍR©vwZK ms¯’vi cÿ †_‡K e½eÜyi gyw³i Rb¨ cvwK¯Ívb
miKv‡ii cªwZ AvnŸvb Rvwb‡q ejv nq, †kL gywReyi ingvb ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki ivóªcwZ|
wZwb evsjv‡`‡ki ¯’cwZ, Kv‡RB cvwK¯Ív‡bi †Kvb AwaKvi †bB Zvu‡K e›`x K‡i ivLvi|
evsjv‡`k B‡Zvg‡a¨ eû iv‡óªi ¯^xK…wZ jvf K‡i‡Q|
1972
8 Rvbyqvwi cvwK¯Ívb miKvi AvšÍR©vwZK Pv‡c e½eÜy‡K gyw³ †`q| RyjwdKvi Avjx fy‡Æv
e½eÜyi mv‡_ mvÿvr K‡ib| †mw`bB e½eÜy‡K XvKvi D‡Ï‡k¨ jÛb cvVvb nq| 9
Rvbyqvwi jÛ‡b weªwUk cªavbgš¿x GWIqvW© nx‡_i mv‡_ mvÿvr nq | jÛb †_‡K XvKv
Avmvi c‡_ e½eÜy w`wjø‡Z hvÎv weiwZ K‡ib| wegvb e›`‡i fvi‡Zi ivóªcwZ wf. wf. wMwi
I cªavbgš¿x wg‡mm Bw›ìv MvÜx e½eÜy‡K ¯^vMZ Rvbvb| RvwZi RbK e½eÜy 10 Rvbyqvwi
XvKvq †cŠuQv‡j Zvu‡K Awe¯§iYxq msea©bv Ávcb Kiv nq| e½eÜy wegvb e›ì †_‡K
mivmwi †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b wM‡q jÿ RbZvi mgv‡ek †_‡K AkÖæwm³ bq‡b RvwZi D‡Ï‡k¨
fvlY †`b| 12 Rvbyqvwi e½eÜy cªavbgš¿xi `vwqZ¡ MªnY K‡ib| 6 †deªæqvwi fviZ
miKv‡ii Avgš¿‡Y wZwb fviZ hvb| 24 eQi ci XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq KZ©…c ÿ e½eÜyi
ewn¯‹viv‡`k cªZ¨vnvi K‡i Zv‡K AvRxeb m`m¨c` cª`vb K‡ib| 28 †deªæqvwi wZwb
‡mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb md‡i hvb| 12 gvP© e½eÜyi Aby‡iv‡a fviZxq wgÎ evwnbx evsjv‡`k
Z¨vM K‡i| 1 †g wZwb Z…Zxq I PZy_© †kªYxi miKvwi Kg©Pvix‡ì †eZb e…w×i ‡NvlYv †`b|
30 RyjvB jÛ‡b e½eÜyi wcË‡Kv‡l A‡¯¿vcPvi Kiv nq| A‡¯¿vcPv‡ii ci jÛb †_‡K
wZwb †R‡bfv hvb| 10 A‡±vei wek¦kvwšÍ cwil` e½eÜy‡K ÔRywjI Kyix cyi¯‹v‡i f~wlZ
K‡i| 4 b‡f¤î e½eÜy evsjv‡`‡ki cª_g mvaviY wbe©vP‡bi ZvwiL (7 gvP© 1973) ‡NvlYv
K‡ib| 15 wW‡m¤î e½eÜy miKvi gyw³‡hv×v‡ì ivóªxq †LZve cÖ`v‡bi K_v ‡NvlYv
93
K‡ib| 14 wW‡m¤î evsjv‡`‡ki cª_g mseav‡b e½eÜy ¯^vÿi K‡ib| 16 wW‡m¤î
evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb Kvh©Ki nq| cªkvmwbK eë¯’vi cybM©Vb, msweavb cªYqb, GK †KvwU
gvby‡li cybe©vmb, ‡hvMv‡hvM eë¯’vi Dbœqb, wkÿv eë¯’vq m¤cÖmviY, wkÿv_©x‡ì Rb¨
cªv_wgK ¯‹yj ch©šÍ webvg~‡j¨ Ges gva¨wgK †kªYx ch©šÍ bvggvÎ g~‡j¨ cvV¨cy¯ÍK mieivn,
g`, Ryqv, ‡Nvo‡`Šomn mg¯Í Bmjvg we‡ivax Kg©KvÐ Kvh©Kifv‡e wbwl×KiY, BmjvwgK
dvD‡Ûkb cªwZôv, gv`ªvmv wkÿv ‡evW© cybM©Vb, 11000 cªv_wgK ¯‹yj cªwZôvmn 40000
cªv_wgK ¯‹yj miKvwiKiY, `y¯’ gwnjv‡ì Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ bvix cybe©vmb ms¯’v, gyw³‡hv×v‡ì
Rb¨ gyw³‡hv×v Kj¨vY Uªv÷ MVb, 25 weNv ch©šÍ Rwgi LvRbv gvd, webvg~‡j¨/ ¯^íg~‡j¨
K…lK‡ì g‡a¨ K…wl DcKiY weZiY, cvwK¯Ívbx‡ì cwiZ¨³ e¨vsK, exgv I 580wU wkí
BDwb‡Ui RvZxqKiY I Pvjy Kivi gva¨‡g nvRvi nvRvi kªwgK-Kg©Pvixi Kg©ms¯’vb,
‡Nvovkvj mvi KviLvbv, AvïMÄ Kg‡cø‡·i cªv_wgK KvR I Ab¨vb¨ bZyb wkí ¯’vcb, eÜ
wkí-KviLvbv PvjyKiYmn Ab¨vb¨ mgm¨vi ‡gvKv‡ejv K‡i GKwU myôy cwiKíbvi gva¨‡g
A_©‰bwZK AeKv‡Vv‡gv ‰Zwi K‡i †`k‡K ax‡i ax‡i GKwU mg…×kvjx iv‡ó« cwiYZ Kivi
cªqvm Pvjvb nq| AwZ Aí mg‡q cªvq me iv‡ó«i ¯^xK…wZ Av`vq I RvwZms‡Ni m`m¨c`
jvf wQj e½eÜy miKv‡ii D‡jøL‡hvM¨ mvdj¨|
1973
RvZxq msm‡ì cª_g wbe©vP‡b 300 Avm‡bi g‡a¨ AvIqvgx jx‡Mi 293 Avmb jvf| 3
†m‡Þ¤î AvIqvgx jxM, wmwcwe I b¨v‡ci mgš^‡q MYHK¨‡RvU MwVZ nq| 6 †m‡Þ¤î
†RvU wbi‡cÿ Av‡›`vj‡bi kxl© m‡¤§j‡b ‡hvM`v‡bi Rb¨ e½eÜy Avj‡Rwiqv hvb| 17
A‡±vei wZwb Rvcvb mdi K‡ib|
1974
22 †deªæqvwi evsjv‡`k‡K cvwKšÍv‡bi ¯^xK…wZ`vb| 23 †deªæqvwi Bmjvgx m‡¤§jb ms¯’vi
(IAvBwm) kxl© m‡¤§j‡b ‡hvM`v‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ e½eÜy cvwK¯Ívb Mgb K‡ib| 24 †m‡Þ¤î
RvwZms‡Ni mvaviY cwil‡ì Awa‡ek‡b evsjvq fvlY †`b|
1975
25 Rvbyqvwi ivóªcwZ c×wZi miKvi eë¯’v cªeZ©b Ges e½eÜyi ivóªcwZi `vwqZ¡fvi
MªnY| 24 †deªyqvwi †`‡ki wewfbœ ivR‰bwZK `‡ji mgš^‡q RvZxq `j evsjv‡`k K…lK
kªwgK AvIqvgx jxM MVb| e½eÜy RvZxq `‡j ‡hvM`v‡bi Rb¨ ‡`‡ki mKj ivR‰bwZK
`j I †bZv‡ì cªwZ AvnŸvb Rvbvb| we‡`kx mvnv‡hï Dci wbf©kxjZv Kwg‡q evOvwj
RvwZ‡K AvZ¥wbf©kxj wn‡m‡e M‡o ‡Zvjvi cª‡qvRbxqZv Dcjwä K‡ib| ZvB ¯^vejw¤^Zv
AR©‡bi j‡ÿ¨ A_©‰bwZK bxwZgvjv‡K bZybfv‡e †X‡j mvRvb| ¯^vaxbZv‡K A_©en K‡i
gvby‡li Avnvi, e¯¿, evm¯’vb, wPwKrmv, wkÿv I Kv‡Ri my‡hvM m…wói j‡ÿ¨ wØZxq wecø‡ei
94
Kg©m~wP ‡NvlYv †`b| hvi jÿ¨ wQj-`yb©xwZ `gb; †ÿ‡Z-Lvgv‡i I Kj-KviLvbvq Drcv`b
e…w×; RbmsL¨v wbqš¿Y Ges RvZxq HK¨ cªwZôv GB j‡ÿ¨ `ªæZ AMªMwZ mvab Kievi
gvb‡m 6 Ryb e½eÜy me ivR‰bwZK `j, †ckvRxex gnj‡K HKë× K‡i GK gÂ ‰Zwi
K‡ib, hvi bvg †`b Ôevsjv‡`k K…lK kªwgK AvIqvgx jxM-evKkvj|Õ e½eÜyi GB `‡ji
†Pqvig¨vb wbe©vwPZ nb| mgMª RvwZ‡K HKë× K‡i A_©‰bwZK gyw³ msMªv‡g AskMªn‡Yi
AvnŸvb Rvwb‡q AfyZc~e© mvov cvb| AwZ Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨ †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’vi
DbœwZ n‡Z ïiæ K‡i| Drcv`b e…w× cvq| †PvivKvievwi eÜ nq| `ªe¨g~j¨ mvaviY gvby‡li
µq ÿgZvi AvIZvq P‡j hv‡e, bZyb Avkvi DÏxcbv wb‡q ¯^vaxbZvi mydj gvby‡li N‡i
†cŠu‡Q †èvi Rb¨ †`‡ki gvbyl HKë× n‡q AMªmi n‡Z ïiæ K‡i| wKš‘ gvby‡li †m myL
†ewk w`b ¯’vqx nq bv| 15 AvM‡÷i ‡fv‡i nvRvi eQ‡ii †kªô evOvwj evsjv‡`‡ki ¯’cwZ
evOvwj RvwZi RbK e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb wbR evmfe‡b †mbvevwnbxi KwZcq
D”Pvwfjvlx Awdmvi wek¦vmNvZ‡Ki nv‡Z wbnZ nb| †mw`b e½eÜyi mnawg©bx gnxqmx bvix
†eMg dwRjvZyb‡bQv, e½eÜyi †R¨ô-cyÎ gyw³h‡v×v †jt †kL Kvgvj, cyÎ †jt †kL Rvgvj,
Kwbô cyÎ †kL iv‡mj, `yB cyÎeay myjZvbv Kvgvj I ‡ivRx Rvgvj, e½eÜyi fvB †kL
bv‡mi, fwMœcwZ I K…wlgš¿x Ave`yi ie †miwbqvevZ I Zvi Kb¨v †eex †miwbqvevZ, Avwid
†miwbqvevZ, †`ŠwnÎ myKvšÍ Ave`yjøvn evey, åvZy¯úyÎ knx` †miwbqvevZ, e½eÜyi fv‡Mœ
hye‡bZv I mvsevw`K †kL dRjyj nK gwY I Zvui AšÍtmË¡v ¯¿x AviRy gwY, e½eÜyi
wbivcËv Awdmvi K‡Y©j Rvwgj Avn‡g` Ges 14 eQ‡ii wK‡kvi Ave`yj bCg Lvb wi›Uymn
cwiev‡ii 16 Rb m`m¨ I AvZ¥xq-¯^Rb‡K NvZKiv nZ¨v K‡i|
1975 mv‡ji 15 AvM÷ gnvgvbe e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb knx` nevi ci †`‡k
mvgwiK kvmb Rvwi nq| MYZš¿‡K nZ¨v K‡i †gŠwjK AwaKvi †K‡o †bqv nq| ïiæ nq
nZ¨v, Ky¨ I loh‡š¿i ivRbxwZ| †K‡o †bq RbM‡Yi fvZ I ‡fv‡Ui AwaKvi| we‡k¦
gvbevwaKvi iÿvi Rb¨ nZ¨vKvix‡ì wePv‡ii weavb i‡q‡Q wKš‘ evsjv‡`‡k RvwZi Rb‡Ki
AvZ¥¯^xK…Z Lywb‡ì wePv‡ii nvZ †_‡K †invB †èvi Rb¨ GK mvgwiK Aa¨v‡`k
(Bb‡WgwbwU AwW©b¨vÝ) Rvwi Kiv nq| †Rbv‡ij wRqvDi ingvb mvgwiK kvm‡bi gva¨‡g
A‰eafv‡e ÿgZv `Lj K‡i cÂg ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g Bb‡WgwbwU AwW©b¨vÝ bv‡g GK
KyL¨vZ Kv‡jv AvBb msweav‡b mshy³ K‡i msweav‡bi cweÎZv bó K‡i| Lywb‡ì we‡`‡k
Aew¯’Z wewfbœ `~Zvev‡m PvKwi w`‡q cyi¯‹…Z K‡i |
95
1996
1996 mv‡ji 23 Ryb e½eÜy Kb¨v †kL nvwmbvi †bZ„‡Z¡ evsjv‡`k AvIqvgx jxM ÿgZvq
Avmvi ci RvZxq msm` KyL¨vZ Bb‡WgwbwU AwW©b¨vÝ evwZj K‡i cÖKvk¨ Av`vj‡Z
Lywb‡ì wePvi nq | wKš‘ GLb ch©šÍ wePv‡ii ivq P~ovšÍ nqwb| 148 w`b a‡i ïbvwbi ci
XvKv †Rjv I `vqiv RR KvRx ‡Mvjvg imyj c‡bi Rb Avmvwg‡K g…Zÿ`‡Ð `wÐZ K‡i evKx
Pvi Rb‡K Awf‡hvM †_‡K Ae¨vnwZ cª`vb K‡ib| wePvicwZ GweGg Lvqiæj n‡Ki
mgš^‡q MwVZ nvB‡Kv‡Uªi GKwU †e‡Â Ô‡W_ †idv‡iÝÕ-Gi ïbvwb nq| wePvicwZ ‡gvnv¤§`
iæûj Avwgb 10 R‡bi g…Zÿ`Ð envj iv‡Lb| wePvicwZ GweGg Lvjiæj nK 15 R‡biB
g…Zÿ`Ð Aby‡gv`b K‡ib| GB †eÂ wef³ ivq †`qvq Z…Zxq wePvicwZi Kv‡Q gvgjvwU
†cªiY Kiv nq| Z…Zxq wePvicwZ, wePvicwZ ‡gvnv¤§` dRjyj Kwig 12 R‡bi g…Zy¨`Ð
envj †i‡L evKx wZbRb‡K Ae¨vnwZ cª`vb K‡ib| †R‡j AvUK g…Zÿ`Ð cªvß 4 Rb
Kb‡Wg&W Avmvwg mycªxg †Kv‡U© Ôwjf Uy AvcxjÕ `vwLj K‡i| gvgjvwUi ïbvwb GLbI ïiæ
n‡Z cv‡iwb| 30.04.2001 Zvwi‡L nvB‡KvU© ivq †èvi ci B‡Zvg‡a¨ `yB eQi
AwZevwnZ n‡q‡Q| Avcxj wWwfk‡bi K‡qKRb wePviK weªeZ ‡eva K‡i‡Qb| Ab¨w`‡K
Lywb‡ì AvBbRxex‡ì A‡b‡KB weGbwc-RvgvZ miKv‡ii c…ô‡cvlKZvq eo eo miKvwi
c‡` AwawôZ n‡q‡Q| miKvi evsjv‡`‡ki cªavb wePvicwZi cª¯Íve gZ GKwU †eÂ MV‡bi
c`‡ÿc MªnY †_‡K weiZ i‡q‡Q| Gfv‡e e½eÜy Ges Zvui cwievi-cwiRb‡ì nZ¨vKvix
Lywb‡ì wePvi GK cªZviYvc~Y© AwbðqZvi gv‡S `yj‡Q| 15 AvM÷ RvwZi Rxe‡b GK
Kj¼gq w`b| GB wèmwU RvZxq ‡kvK wèm wn‡m‡e evOvwj RvwZ cvjb K‡i|
(2004 mvj)
96
e½eÜzi cÖwZwe¤^
DwjøwLZ e½eÜzi RxebxwU 2004 mv‡ji †cÖÿvc‡U †jLv n‡qwQj| ZLb weGbwc-RvgvqvZ
†RvU miKvi ÿgZvq wQj|
wPšÍv Kiæb, msweav‡bi 5g ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g wRqvDi ingvb B‡ÛgwbwU Aa¨v‡`k‡K
êaZv w`‡q, e½eÜz nZ¨vi wePv‡ii c_ iæ× K‡i w`‡qwQj| Aa¨v‡`kwU‡Z ejv n‡qwQj,
e½eÜz nZ¨vKv‡Ûi wePvi †Kvb Av`vj‡Z †Kvbw`b `vex Kiv hv‡e bv| we‡k¦i A‡bK †`‡kB
RvwZi RbK‡K nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q, wKš‘ GB ai‡Yi ee©i AvBb †Kvb †`‡kB Kiv nq wb|
wb‡R‡K iÿv Kivi Rb¨ nZ¨vKvix Qvov Ab¨ Kv‡iv c‡ÿ, G ai‡Yi AvBb Kiv m¤¢e bq|
wRqvDi ingvb e½eÜzi nZ¨vKvix wQ‡jb e‡jB, GB AvBb‡K msweav‡b hy³ K‡iwQ‡jb|
Aa¨v‡`kwU msweav‡b hy³ nIqvq RbM‡Yi g‡b wek¦vm m„wó n‡qwQj †h, e½eÜz nZ¨vi
wePvi Avi KLbB Kiv m¤¢e n‡e bv| †mB AvBb evwZj K‡i Rb‡bÎx †kL nvwmbvi miKvi
wePv‡ii KvR †kl chv©‡q wb‡q Av‡mb| Av`vjZ †_‡K Avmvgx‡ì kvw¯Í cÖ`vb K‡i ivqI
†NvwlZ nq| wKš‘ P~ovšÍ iv‡qi Av‡MB 2001 mv‡j ÿgZvq Av‡m weGbwc-RvgvqvZ †RvU
miKvi| gvgjvwUi Avwcj-wb®úwË hv‡Z bv nq, Zvi me eë¯’v K‡i Lv‡j`v-wbRvgxi
miKvi|
2006 mvj ch©šÍ Zv‡ì kvmb Avg‡j, gvgjvwU Avi Av‡jvi gyL †`‡Lwb| 2008 mv‡ji
ci Rb‡bÎx †kL nvwmbvi miKvi, gvgjvwU wb®úwËi c‡_ evavmg~n `~i K‡i, P~ovšÍ ivq
Kvh©Ki K‡i BwZnv‡mi Kj¼ †gvPb K‡ib| hw` †kL nvwmbvi miKvi, 2q evi ÿgZvq bv
Avm‡Zv Z‡e e½eÜz nZ¨v gvgjvi ivq KLbB Kvh©Ki n‡Zv bv|
e½eÜz nZ¨v gvgjv Ges gvbeZvwe‡ivax‡ì gvgjvq Rb‡bÎx †kL nvwmbv †h J`vh©
†`wL‡q‡Qb Zv BwZnv‡m bwRiwenxb| e½eÜz nZ¨v gvgjvi cÖavb †KuŠmwj wmivRyj nK mn
me©¯Í‡ii RbM‡Yi cÖZ¨vkv wQj, `ªæZ wePvi Uª¨vBey¨bv‡j gvgjvwU wb®úwË Kivi| gvgjvwU
we‡kl Uª¨vBey¨bv‡j w`‡j 2001 mv‡ji Av‡MB ivq Kvh©Ki n‡q †hZ| wKš‘ Rb‡bÎx †kL
nvwmbv Zv K‡ibwb| Zv Ki‡j, AvšÍR©vwZK m¤úª`vqmn †`‡ki wKQz msL¨K †jvK g‡b
Ki‡Zv wZwb Zvi evevi nZ¨vi wePvi, Zvi cÖkvmwbK ÿgZv eënvi K‡i K‡i‡Qb| A_©vr
wePvi wbi‡cÿ nq wb| †m cÖkœ hv‡Z ‡KD KLbI bv Zzj‡Z cv‡i, ZvB Rb‡bÎx gvgjvwU
mvaviY Av`vj‡Zi DciB †Q‡o w`‡qwQ‡jb| Gai‡Yi J`vh© †`Lv‡bv †Kvb mvaviY
gvby‡li c‡ÿ m¤¢e bq| wZwb †h e½eÜzi †hvM¨Zg cÖwZ”Qwe, Zvi cÖgvY wZwb Zuvi cÖwZwU
Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g evsjv I wek¦evmxi Kv‡Q w`‡q hv‡”Qb|
97
7B gvP©, 1971 mv‡j, e½eÜz me©¯Í‡ii RbM‡Yi Pvc D‡cÿv K‡i, mivmwi ¯^vaxbZvi
†NvlYv bv w`‡q †KŠkjMZ ¯^vaxbZvi ‡NvlYv w`‡q, wek¦we‡e‡Ki `„wó AvKl©Y K‡iwQ‡jb|
cwiYZ n‡qwQ‡jb wek¦‡bZvq| ZvB‡Zv wek¦ RbgZ evsjv‡`‡ki c‡ÿ wQj Ges Avgiv
P~ovšÍ weRq AR©b Ki‡Z mÿg n‡qwQjvg|
GKBfv‡e Rb‡bÎx †kL nvwmbv, †`kx I AvšÍRv©wZK Pvc D‡cÿv K‡i, A‡bK
RbKj¨vYKi wm×všÍ ev¯Íevqb K‡i, cwiYZ n‡q‡Qb wek¦‡bZvq| ¯^vaxbZvi 40 eQi ci
hy×vcivax Z_v gvbeZvwe‡ivax Acivax‡ì wePvi KvR wQj, GKwU Pig Am¤¢e KvR|
gvbeZvwe‡ivax‡ì wePvi bv Ki‡Z, ‡`kx-AvšÍR©vwZK Pvc GZ †ekx wQj †h, †kL nvwmbv
Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb †bZvi c‡ÿ, †m Pvc D‡cÿv K‡i KvRwU Kiv m¤¢e n‡Zv bv|
evsjv‡`‡ki AwaKvsk RbM‡Yi wek¦vm wQj, GB wePvi KvR †kl KivB m¤¢e n‡e bv|
wePvi †k‡l A‡b‡Ki wek¦vm wQj, wePvi †kl n‡jI, ivq Kvh©Ki Kiv m¤¢e n‡e bv| me
Am¤¢e‡K m¤¢e K‡i, BwZnv‡mi Kj¼ †gvPb K‡i, wZwb AveviI cÖgvY K‡i‡Qb, wZwb
e½eÜzi †hvM¨Zg cÖwZ”Qwe| gvbeZvwe‡ivax‡ì, mvaviY Acivax‡ì g‡Zv AvZ¥cÿ
mg_©‡bi mKj my‡hvM w`‡q Ges me‡k‡l Avcx‡ji my‡hvM I wiwfD-Gi my‡hvM w`‡q, wZwb
†h J`vh© ‡`wL‡q‡Qb Zv BwZnv‡m bwRiwenxb| Gi gva¨‡g wZwb wb‡R‡K BwZnv‡m
Zzjbvnxb GK AZzjbxq I Awb›`¨ Avm‡b cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z mÿg n‡q‡Qb| iƒcK_vi wdwb·
cvwL, evievi f¯§xf~Z f®§ †_‡K, b~Zb iƒ‡c m„wó nq| GKBfv‡e e½eÜz DËi evievi
mvgwiK kvmb I hy×vcivax‡ì kvmb Øviv f¯§xf~Z evsjv‡`k‡K, Rb‡bÎx †kL nvwmbv
evievi b~Zbiƒ‡c m„wó K‡i, wbišÍi b~Z‡bi c‡_ wb‡q hv‡”Qb| ee©i cvwK¯Ívbx kvmb †_‡K
e½eÜz evsjv‡`k‡K gy³ K‡iwQ‡jb| Avi ee©i mvgwiK kvmb I ga¨hyMxq hy×vcivax‡ì
kvmb †_‡K Rb‡bÎx evsjv‡`k‡K gy³ K‡i‡Qb| e½eÜzi mwZ¨Kv‡ii cÖwZwe¤^ GB
AZzjbxq †bÎxi, Awb›`¨ †bZ…‡Z¡i avivevwnKZv hw` eRvq _v‡K, Z‡e 2041 mv‡ji g‡a¨
evsjv‡`k B‡›`v‡bwkqv-gvj‡qwkqv bq, Rvcvb‡K Qvwo‡q hv‡e| KviY Rvcv‡bi †h me
cÖvK…wZK cÖwZeÜKZv Av‡Q, evsjv‡`‡ki Zv ‡bB| evsjv‡`‡ki gvwU De©i, gvbyl cwikÖgx,
AvenvIqv bvwZkx‡Zvò, ïay m¤¢vebv Avi m¤¢vebv| RvwZ hw` Avi KLbI wRqv-Lv‡j`v-
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98
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†gvt Rvnv½xi Avjg, cvebv †Rjvi dwi`cyi _vbvi ev½vevoxqv MÖv‡gi GK K…lK cwiev‡i,
1980 mv‡ji 31‡k wW‡m¤^‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| gyw³‡hv×v‡ì Lvevi I AvkÖq †`qvi
Aciv‡a, 1971 mv‡ji wW‡m¤î gv‡mi cÖ_g mßv‡n ee©i cvKevwnbx †jL‡Ki evwo‡Z
AwMœms‡hvM K‡i| †mB Av¸‡b †cvov wUb GLbI †jLK‡ì evwo‡Z we`¨vgvb| wZwb 1995
mv‡j w`bvRcyi wRjv ¯‹zj †_‡K GmGmwm Ges 1997 mv‡j w`bvRcyi miKvwi K‡jR
†_‡K GBPGmwm cvk K‡i ivRkvnx wek^we`¨vj‡q mgvRweÁvb wefv‡M fwZ© nb| wZwb
2003 mv‡j mgvRweÁv‡b m¤§vb mn ¯œvZK wWMÖx Ges 2007 mv‡j mgvRweÁv‡b gv÷vm©
wWMÖx AR©b K‡ib| wkï gb¯ÍË¡ Ges e½eÜzi `k©b Zuvi Mfxi AvMÖ‡ni welq| e½eÜz DËi
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99
eB cÖKv‡ki KZ…©Z¡ Ac©Y
আমি মি োঃ জ হ ঙ্গীর আলি,মিত মি োঃআবু বকর প্র ি মিক,গ্র িোঃব ঙ্গ ব ড়ীয়
থ ি োঃ ফমরদিুর, মজল োঃি বি , আি র রমিত 'বঙ্গবন্ধুর প্রমতমবম্ব' বইটি আি র
শ্রদ্ধেয় মিক্ষক, সি জমবজ্ঞ িী ডোঃ অিুিি মসি সয রদ্ধক ত াঁর িছদ্ধের প্রক িদ্ধকর
ি ধ্যদ্ধি ৩০০ কমি প্রক দ্ধির আইিগত কততৃ ত্ব প্রদ ি করল ি। মলখক মহদ্ধসদ্ধব
বইটির স্বত্ব আি র থ কদ্ধব। শ্রদ্ধেয় অিুিি মসি সয র বইটি প্রক দ্ধি প্রতযক্ষ ও
আন্তমরক সহদ্ধ মগত কর য় আমি ত াঁর মিকট মির কত তজ্ঞ।
মি োঃ জ হ ঙ্গীর আলি
১৭/১১/২০১৯
100

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