BDwbU

ˆRb Ges †eŠ× a‡g©i D™¢e I weKvk

5
f‚wgKv
ˆew`K mf¨Zvq Ae¶q †`Lv w`‡Z _v‡K wLª÷c~e© lô kZvãx †_‡K| G mgq eªvþY‡`i
AZ¨vPv‡i gvbyl ¶zä n‡q c‡o| Zv‡`i g‡a¨ cÖKvk †c‡Z _v‡K GK ai‡Yi Aw¯’iZv I nZvkv|
G †_‡K gvbyl‡K gyw³ †`qvi Rb¨ fviZe¨vcx ïi“ nq ag© wec−e| Aek¨, GwU Ggb GK mgq
hLb mgMÖ we‡k¦B a‡g©i †¶‡Î Av‡jvob m„wó n‡qwQj| fvi‡Z bZzb ag©xq aviYv wb‡q G‡jb
gnvexi I †MŠZg ey×| gnvex‡ii cÖewZ©Z a‡g©i bvg n‡jv ˆRb ag©, Avi †MŠZg ey‡×i cÖewZ©Z
a‡g©i bvg n‡jv †eŠ× ag©| eªvþY¨ a‡g©i wei“‡× gvby‡li †¶vf †e‡o hvIqvq GB bZzb `yB a‡g©i
cÖwZ Zv‡`i AvMÖn e„w× cvq| ˆRb I †eŠ× Dfq ag©B †e‡`i KZ©„Z¡ A¯^xKvi K‡i| AMÖvn¨ K‡i
†e‡`i ixwZbxwZ I ˆew`K †`e-‡`exi Aw¯—Z¡| eR©b Kiv nq ˆew`K hvMhÁ I cïewj| ˆRb I
†eŠ× ag© me ai‡Yi gvbyl‡K AvK…ó K‡iwQj| Z‡e GB `yB a‡g© eY©‡f` bv _vKvq Ges c~Rv
AP©bv †Zgb e¨qeûj bv nIqvq mvaviY gvbyl mn‡RB AvK…ó nq|

ˆRb I †eŠ× ag© D™¢‡ei cUf‚wg|

cvV 1
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV c‡o Avcwb−
◗ mvgvwRK I A_©‰bwZK Rxe‡bi cwieZ©b wKfv‡e ˆRb I †eŠ× ag© D™¢‡ei cUf‚wg e¨vL¨v
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ Dcwbl‡`i cÖfve wKfv‡e gvbyl‡K ˆRb I †eŠ× a‡g©i cÖwZ AvK…ó K‡iwQj Zv eY©bv Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb|
◗ wbixk¦iev`x wKQy †Mvôxi DÌvb wKfv‡e gvbyl‡K ˆRb I †eŠ× a‡g©i cÖwZ AvK…ó K‡iwQj
Zvi weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb|

¶wÎq, ˆek¨‡`i ¶gZv e„w×

wLª÷c~e© lô kZvãxi g‡a¨ mvgwiK †¶‡Î †ek wKQy mvdj¨ Av‡m| d‡j, mgv‡Ri †Pv‡L
eªvþY‡`i †P‡q ¶wÎq‡`i ¶gZv e„w× cvq| G mgq †lvjwU eo iv‡R¨ Zv‡`i kw³ cÖwZwôZ
n‡qwQj| kvmb ¶gZvq P‡j Av‡m Zviv| mgv‡R eªvþY‡`i KZ…©Z¡ Zv‡`i cQ›` nqwb|
Aciw`‡K e¨emv-evwY‡R¨i †¶Î cÖmvwiZ nq| d‡j, ˆek¨ †kªYxi gvby‡liv A_©kvjx n‡q D‡V|
ZvB, A‡_©i wePv‡i `wi`ª eªvþY‡`i KZ©„Z¡ gvb‡Z Zv‡`iI fvj jv‡M bv| Gme Kvi‡Y mgvR
Rxe‡b msNv‡Zi m¤¢vebv †e‡o hvq|

K…wl I evwYR¨ weKv‡k, ag© I `k©b wPš—vq cwieZ©b

wLª÷c~e© lô kZvãx‡Z K…wl‡¶‡Î h‡_ó DbœwZ nq| Gi eo KviY G mgq Kj-KviLvbv¸‡jv‡Z
A‡bK ai‡Yi K…wl DcKiY ˆZwi n‡qwQj| fvi‡Zi wewfbœ AÂj QvovI fvi‡Zi evB‡i A‡bK
†`‡k G hy‡M evwYR¨ Qwo‡q c‡o| M‡o DV‡Z _v‡K bZzb bZzb kni| kn‡i emwZ ¯’vcb K‡i
wewfbœ †ckvi †jvK| Zviv M‡o †Zv‡j bvbv ai‡Yi msN| K…wl I evwY‡R¨i weKvk MÖvgxY K…wl
 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

mvg‡R cwieZ©b Av‡b| GB cwieZ©‡bi †Qvuqv jv‡M ag© I `k©b wPš—vq| bZzb A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’v
cÖPwjZ ˆew`K a‡g©i I mgv‡Ri wfwˇK `ye©j K‡i †`q| GB †cÖ¶vcU ˆRb I †eŠ× ag© m„wói
c_ ˆZwi K‡i|

Dcwbl‡`i cÖfve
Avcbviv BDwbU- 4 G †R‡b‡Qb †h, Dcwbl` GK ai‡Yi `vk©wbK MÖš’| Dcwbl` Rxe‡bi g~j
mgm¨v¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© gvbyl‡K †KŠZ~njx K‡i Zz‡jwQj| ZvB ˆew`K a‡g©i KwVb wbqg Kvby‡bi
evuab gvbyl †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡iwb| ˆew`K ag© wQj bvbv wµqvKjvc I hvMh‡Ái weav‡b c~Y©|
Dcwbl‡`i cÖfv‡e gvbyl ax‡i ax‡i Gme Abyôvb‡K A‡hŠw³K g‡b Ki‡Z _v‡K| Avcbviv
BDwbU- 4 Gi cvV- 9 G †R‡b‡Qb, cieZ©x ˆew`K hy‡M PZyivkªg cÖ_v cÖPwjZ wQj| GB cÖ_vi
d‡j A‡bK gvbyl mvwË¡K I mbœ¨vmxi Rxebhvcb Ki‡Zv| GBme Zc¯^x‡`i Rxebhvcb wQj
mij| Zvu‡`i cÖfv‡e eªvþY¨ wek¦v‡mi wfZwU `ye©j n‡q c‡o| ewYK, KvwiMi I Ab¨vb¨ †ckvi
gvby‡liv Avi ˆew`K ag© I hvMh‡Ái Dci Av¯’v ¯’vcb Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| Zviv B›`ª, ei“Y cÖgyL
†`eZv‡`i e`‡j GKwU mij ag© †LvuRvi †Póv K‡i| Gfv‡eB ˆRb I †eŠ× ag© D™¢‡ei †cÖ¶vcU
ˆZwi nq|

AvRxeK †kªYxi cÖfve

‰ew`K a‡g©i cÖwZ Av¯’v K‡g hvIqvq GK mgq ÔAvRxeKÕ bv‡g wbixk¦iev`x GK m¤úÖ`vq ˆew`K
a‡g©i we‡ivwaZv Ki‡Z _v‡K| GB m¤úÖ`v‡qi cÖwZôvZvi bvg Ô†Mvmj gmKwicyÎÕ| GK mgq
ˆRb a‡g©i cÖeZ©K gnvex‡ii mv‡_ wZwb a¨v‡b gMœ wQ‡jb| c‡i Df‡qi g‡a¨ gZcv_©K¨ †`Lv
†`q| m¤¢eZ wZwb 487 wLª÷c~e©v‡ã g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib| †Kvb GK bxPz es‡k Zvui Rb¥ n‡qwQj e‡j
ˆRb I †eŠ× m~θ‡jv †_‡K Rvbv hvq| AvRxeK `vk©wbKMY †h gZev` cÖPvi K‡ib Zv‡K ejv
nq ÔwbwgËev`Õ| Zvuiv g‡b K‡ib c„w_exi mewKQyB Av‡M †_‡K wVK Kiv Av‡Q| fvM¨ gvbyl‡K
PvwjZ K‡i| myZivs, fv‡M¨i cwieZ©b m¤¢e bq|

Roev`x‡`i cÖfve
GKB mg‡q AviI KwZcq wbixk¦iev`x †Mv‡Îi DÌvb N‡U| Gme †Mv‡Îi ag©¸i“‡`i g‡a¨ huvi
bvg AMÖMY¨ wZwb n‡jb Pve©vK| wZwb I Zvui Abymvixiv Roev‡` wek¦^vmx wQ‡jb| g„Zz¨i c‡i †h
Avevi Rxeb Av‡Q GB wek¦vm Zuv‡`i wQj bv| ZvB Pve©v‡Ki `k©b c„w_exi hveZxq myL Lyu‡R
†eov‡bvi Rb¨ Drmvn †`q| d‡j, eªvþY‡`i AvPvi Abyôvb I hvMhÁ‡K Roev`xiv A_©nxb Drm
wn‡m‡e g‡b K‡i| G Kvi‡YB Pve©vK Abymvix‡`i Dci ¶z× nq eªvþYiv| eªvþY‡`i wek¦vm g‡Z,
ms¯‹…Z n‡”Q †`eZv‡`i fvlv| G fvlvq Zvuiv ag©MÖš’ wjL‡Zb| mvaviY gvbyl ¯’vbxq fvlvi PP©v
Ki‡Zv| ¯’vbxq fvlv‡K cweÎ g‡b Ki‡Zv bv eªvþYiv| ZvB, Zviv ¯’vbxq fvlvq ag©PP©v‡K wbwl×
†NvlYv K‡i| eªvþY‡`i GB GKvwac‡Z¨i wei“‡× µ‡g RbgZ Zxeª n‡Z _v‡K| GB Ae¯’vi
†fZi †_‡K `yÕwU bZzb ag©xq aviYv m„wó n‡Z _v‡K| Gi GKwU ˆRb ag©, AciwU †eŠ× ag©|

mvi-ms‡¶c cieZ©x ˆew`K hy‡Mi †klw`K †_‡K eªvþY¨ a‡g©i cÖwZ gvby‡li Av¯’v K‡g †h‡Z _v‡K|
mvgvwRK I A_©‰bwZK †¶‡Î Av‡m A‡bK cwieZ©b| mvaviY gvby‡li wPš—v-fvebvq bZzb
aviYv Rb¥ wb‡Z _v‡K| GKwU mij a‡g©i cÖZ¨vkv Ki‡Z _v‡K Zviv| G mg‡qi gvbyl‡K
Drmvn †`q Dcwbl‡`i evYx| Dcwbl` ˆew`K hy‡Mi hvMhÁ I AvPvi Abyôvb‡K ¸i“Z¡
†`qwb| Dcwbl` †h mij ag© wPš—vi K_v eY©bv K‡i‡Q Zv iƒcjvf Kivi Rb¨B †h ˆRb I
†eŠ× a‡g©i D™¢e N‡U| wbixk¦iev`x mbœ¨vmx‡`iI cQ›` wQj mij ag©| mgvRRxe‡b GB
Ae¯’v ˆRb I †eŠ× ag© D™¢e‡K mvnvh¨ K‡iwQj|

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
69

 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb : 5.1

ˆbe¨©w³K cÖkœ
1| lô wLª÷c~e©v‡ã ¶wÎq‡`i kw³ cÖwZwôZ nq−
K. 12 wU eo iv‡R¨|
L. 16 wU eo iv‡R¨|
M. 15 wU eo iv‡R¨|
2| fvi‡Zi evB‡i evwYR¨ Qwo‡q c‡o−
K. wLª÷c~e© lô kZvãx‡Z|
L. lô kZvãx‡Z|
M. wLª÷c~e© cÖ_g kZvãx‡Z|
3| ˆew`K a‡g©i AvPvi Abyôvb A‡hŠw³K g‡b n‡Z _v‡K−
K. †eŠ× a‡g©i cÖfv‡e|
L. ˆRb a‡g©i cÖfv‡e|
M. Dcwbl‡`i cÖfv‡e|
4| wbwgËev` cÖPvi K‡i−
K. †eŠ×iv|
L. eªvþYiv|
M. AvRxeK `vk©wbKMY|

msw¶ß−DËi cÖkœ

1. ˆRb I †eŠ× ag© D™¢‡ei †cQ‡b mvgvwRK I A_©‰bwZK Rxe‡bi cwieZ©b wK f‚wgKv
†i‡LwQj?
2. gvbyl †Kb ˆRb I †eŠ× a‡g©i cÖwZ AvK…ó n‡qwQj Zv Av‡jvPbv Ki“b|

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
70

 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

gnvex‡ii Rxebx I wk¶v

cvV 2
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV c‡o Avcwb−
◗ ˆRb a‡g©i cÖeZ©K gnvexi m¤^‡Ü eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ ag© cÖPviK wn‡m‡e gnvex‡ii Rxe‡bi wewfbœ w`K e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ ˆRb a‡g©i g~j e³e¨ I wk¶v m¤ú‡K© weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
gnvex‡ii cwiPq
gnvexi I †MŠZg ey× `yÕR‡bB wQ‡jb GKB mg‡qi| `yÕR‡bi Rb¥ ¶wÎq †Mv‡Î| `yÕR‡bB
eªvþY‡`i †Mvuovwgi wei“‡× bZzb ag© cÖPvi K‡ib| cÖPwjZ aviYv g‡Z, ˆRb a‡g©i cÖwZôvZv
n‡”Qb gnvexi| Z‡e, ˆRb‡`i wek¦vm ˆRb a‡g©i A‡bK ¸i“ ev Zx_©¼i wQ‡jb| gnvexi n‡jb
†kl Zx_©¼i| cÖ_g Zx_©¼i Gi bvg Flf‡`e ev Avw`bv_| ˆRb mvwn‡Z¨ †gvU 23 Rb
Zx_©¼‡ii bvg cvIqv hvq| Gu‡`i g‡a¨ HwZnvwmK e¨w³ wn‡m‡e ïay GKRb‡K wPwýZ Kiv
Rb¥ I cÖv_wgK Rxeb
n‡q‡Q| cwÊZM‡Yi wePv‡i evwKiv nq‡Zv KvíwbK PwiÎ| Kvwnbx Abyhvqx cvk¦©bv_ evivYmxi
ivRcyÎ wQ‡jb| msmvi Z¨vM K‡i wZwb mbœ¨vmx nb| wZwb Awnsmv, mZ¨evw`Zv, ci`ªe¨ niY bv
Kiv cÖf…wZ wel‡q wk¶v †`b| gnvexiI wQ‡jb HwZnvwmK e¨w³| Zvui Rb¥ I g„Zz¨i ZvwiL Rvbv
hvq bv| Z‡e Abygvb Kiv nq, wLª÷c~e© lô kZvãx‡Z wZwb RxweZ wQ‡jb| 540 wLª÷c~e©v‡ã
DËi wenv‡ii ˆekvjxi Kv‡Q gnvex‡ii Rb¥ e‡j Abygvb Kiv nq| Zvui wcZv wm×v_© wQ‡jb †MvÎ
cÖavb| Zvui †Mv‡Îi bvg ÔÁvZ…KÕ| gnvex‡ii gvZv wÎkjvi Rb¥ ˆekvjxi wj”Qwe †Mv‡Î|
gnvex‡ii Avmj bvg ea©gvb| ivRKzgvi ea©gvb cÖv_wgK wk¶v MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb|
mbœ¨vm MÖnY
GK mš—v‡bi RbK ea©gvb wcZvi g„Zz¨i ci wÎk ermi eq‡m mbœ¨vm MÖnY K‡i msmvi Z¨vM
K‡ib| cvk¦©bv_ cÖwZwôZ ÔwbMÖ©š’Õ bv‡gi GK mbœ¨vmx m¤úÖ`v‡qi Abymvix nb wZwb| evi eQi a‡i
wZwb wewfbœ ¯’vb ågY K‡i †eovb| K‡Vvi Zcm¨vq gMœ _v‡Kb `xN©Kvj| 42 mrmi eq‡m wZwb
w`e¨ Ávb jv‡fi ci gnvexi
Ôw`e¨Õ Ávb jvf K‡ib| ea©gv‡bi Abymvixiv Zvui bZzb bvgKiY K‡ib gnvexi| gnvex‡ii
AviI wÎk ermi †eu‡P wQ‡jb Abymvix‡`i bvg nq ˆRb| w`e¨ Ávb jv‡fi ci gnvexi AviI wÎk ermi †eu‡P wQ‡jb| G mgq
wZwb gMa, A½, wgw_jv I †Kvk‡j Zvui gZev` cÖPvi K‡ib| cvk¦©bv‡_i wk¶v‡KB gnvexi MÖnY
K‡iwQ‡jb| Gi Av‡M cvk¦©bv‡_i PviwU wk¶vi K_v ejv n‡qwQj| gnvexi Gi mv‡_ Av‡iKwU
wk¶v hy³ K‡ib| Zv n‡”Q, Ôme©`v wR‡Z›`ªxq nIqvÕ| 72 eQi eq‡m gnvex‡ii g„Zz¨ nq| wZwb
g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib gM‡a ivRM„‡ni Kv‡Q cvev bv‡gi GK †QvÆ kn‡i| A‡bK cwʇZi g‡Z, Zvui
g„Zz¨i ZvwiL 468 wLª÷c~e©vã|
AvÍv m¤ú‡K© aviYv t Dcwbl‡`i evYxi mv‡_ Ø›Ø
ÔˆRbÕ kãwUi D™¢e n‡q‡Q ÔwRbÕ kã †_‡K| ÔwRbÕ A_© we‡RZv| gnvexi‡K g‡b Kiv n‡Zv
ˆRbiv Ck¦‡i wek¦vmx wQj bv|
ˆRb g‡Z, ¯^vfvweK I
we‡RZv Ges ZvB Zvui cÖPvwiZ a‡g©i bvg nq ˆRb ag©| ˆRbiv Ck¦‡i wek¦vmx wQj bv| ˆRb g‡Z,
cÖvK…wZK wbq‡g c„w_exi ¯^vfvweK I cÖvK…wZK wbq‡g c„w_exi hveZxq Kg©KvÊ cwiPvwjZ n‡”Q| Zvu‡`i wek¦vm RM‡Zi
hveZxq Kg©KvÊ cwiPvwjZ mg¯— wKQyi g‡a¨B GKwU AvÍ v Av‡Q| Rxe‡bi D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q GB AvÍ v‡K cweÎ K‡i †Zvjv| g„Zz¨i
n‡”Q ci GB AvÍ v †`n †_‡K gyw³ cvq Ges cig my‡Li RM‡Z evm K‡i| Dcwbl‡`i mv‡_ GLv‡b
GKwU Ø›Ø Av‡Q| Dcwbl‡`i e³e¨ Abyhvqx Áv‡bi ga¨ w`‡q AvÍ v cweÎ nq| wKš‘, ˆRb gZ
Abyhvqx gvbyl Áv‡bi mvgvb¨ GKwU Ask gvÎB AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i| GKwU D`vniY w`‡q welqwU
ˆRbiv wek¦vm K‡i AvÍ
v‡K †evSv‡bvi †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hgb- GKRb AÜ †jvK nvwZi †jR ¯úk© K‡i e‡j nvwZ †`L‡Z
cweÎ Kiv m¤¢e my›`i Rxeb `woi g‡Zv, Ab¨Rb ïo ¯úk© K‡i e‡j nvwZ mv‡ci g‡Zv| †KD cv ¯úk© K‡i e‡j nvwZ Mv‡Qi
cvj‡bi ga¨ w`‡q ¸woi g‡Zv| GB `„óvš— †_‡K †evSv‡bvi †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q- gvbyl mvgwMÖK Áv‡bi Askgv‡Îi
cwiPq cvq| G Kvi‡Y Dcwbl‡`i evYx‡K fzj cÖgvY K‡i ˆRbiv ej‡Z Pvq- Áv‡bi c_
gvbyl‡K m¤ú~Y© gyw³ w`‡Z cv‡i bv| ˆRbiv wek¦vm K‡i AvÍ v‡K cweÎ Kiv m¤¢e my›`i Rxeb
GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
71
 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cvj‡bi ga¨ w`‡q| gnvex‡ii aviYv GKRb mbœ¨vmx †Kej Ggb Rxeb cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
ˆRb a‡g© eo cvc n‡”Q RxenZ¨v| gnvex‡ii wk¶v Awnsmv, mZ¨ev`x nIqv, A‡b¨i wRwbm jyU
bv Kiv, `vwi`ª¨ eªZ MÖnY Kiv| Zvuiv g‡b K‡ib, gyw³ jvf m¤¢e wZbwU mvabv Øviv| G¸‡jv n‡”Q
gnvex‡ii wk¶v Awnsmv,
mZ¨ev`x nIqv, A‡b¨i wRwbm
cÖK…Z fw³, h_v_© Ávb I mg¨K AvPiY| ˆRbiv g‡b K‡i bv †L‡q †_‡K, fvj e¯¿ cwiavb bv
jyU bv Kiv, `vwi`ª¨ eªZ MÖnY K‡i, †`n‡K wbh©vZb K‡i AvÍ vi kw³ evov‡bv hvq| ˆRb gZev` †fvM wejvwmZvi we‡ivax wQj|
Kiv ˆRb‡`i Awnsm bxwZ †eŠ×‡`i †P‡qI K‡Vvi wQj| bv †R‡b GKwU wcuc‡o‡K gvwi‡q †M‡jI
Zviv Zv cvc e‡j we‡ePbv Ki‡Zv| Awnsm bxwZ Zv‡`i wPš—v I KvR‡K cÖwZwbqZ wbqš¿Y
Ki‡Zv| ˆRbiv gmwjb Kvco w`‡q bvK I gyL †X‡K ivL‡Zv| hv‡Z wb:k¦v‡mi mv‡_ fzjµ‡g
†Kvb ¶z`ª KxU †`‡n cÖ‡ek K‡i gviv bv †h‡Z cv‡i|
Kvjµ‡g ˆRbag© e¨emvqx m¤úÖ`v‡qi g‡a¨ RbwcÖq n‡q c‡o| g~jZ:, wgZe¨wqZv‡K Drmvn
†`qvq e¨emvqxiv GB ag© cQ›` Ki‡Z _v‡K| Drcbœ wkí`ªe¨ †jb‡`‡bi wel‡q ˆRbiv †ek `¶
n‡q D‡V| ˆRb e¨emvqxiv mvMi cvwo w`‡q we‡`‡kI Zv‡`i evwYR¨ cÖmvwiZ K‡i| e¨vemvqx‡`i
gva¨‡g ˆRb a‡g©i we¯—vi N‡UwQj| RxenZ¨v we‡ivax e‡j K…wl, grm¨ I wkKviRxwe m¤úÖ`vq
ˆRb ag©‡K cQ›` K‡iwb|
mvi-ms‡¶c ˆRb wek¦vm g‡Z, 23 Zx_©¼i ˆRb ag© cÖPvi K‡iwQ‡jb| Gu‡`i g‡a¨ `yÕRb‡K cwÊZMY
HwZnvwmK PwiÎ wnmv‡e g‡b K‡i‡Qb| GB ag©¸i“‡`iB †kl cyi“l gnvexi| AwfRvZ
cwiev‡i Rb¥ n‡jI GK mgq mbœ¨vmx n‡q msmvi Z¨vM K‡ib gnvexi| K‡Vvi Zcm¨vi ga¨
w`‡q Ae‡k‡l Ávb jvf K‡ib| gnvex‡ii g~j wk¶v wQj Awnsmv, mZ¨ev`x nIqv, A‡b¨i
m¤úwË niY bv Kiv Ges `wi`ª Rxeb-hvcb Kiv| RxenZ¨v gnvcvc g‡š¿ DØy× Ges †fvM
wejvwmZv we‡ivax GB ag© Kvjµ‡g ewYK m¤úÖ`v‡qi g‡a¨I e¨vcK we¯—vi jvf K‡iwQj|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb : 5.2

ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ
1| gnvexi I †MŠZg ey‡×i Rb¥−
K. eªvþY †Mv‡Î|
L. ¶wÎq †Mv‡Î|
M. ˆek¨ †Mv‡Î|
2| gnvex‡ii cÖK…Z bvg wK?
K. cvk¦©bv_|
L. wm×v_©|
M. ea©gvb|
3| ˆRb‡`i Awnsm bxwZ−
K. †eŠ×‡`i gZ wQj|
L. †eŠ×‡`i †P‡q Kg wQj|
M. †eŠ×‡`i †P‡q K‡Vvi wQj|
4| gnvexi g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib−
K. 540 wLª÷c~e©v‡ã|
L. 568 wLª÷c~e©v‡ã|
M. 468 wLª÷c~e©v‡ã|
msw¶ß−DËi cÖkœ

1. ˆRb a‡g©i cÖeZ©K gnvexi -Gi cwiPq w`b|
2. ˆRb a‡g©i g~j e³e¨ I wk¶v wK wQj?

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
72

 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

ˆRb a‡g©i we¯—vi, Ae`vb I Af¨š—ixY Ø›Ø|

cvV 3
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV c‡o Avcwb−
◗ ˆRb a‡g©i we¯—vi m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ ˆRb ag© Kx Ae`vb †i‡L‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ ˆRb a‡g©i †fZ‡i wKfv‡e Ø›Ø m„wó n‡qwQj Zv we‡k−lY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
`w¶Y I cwðg fvi‡Z we¯—vi
ˆRb a‡g©i wk¶v cÖPv‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨ gnvexi Zvui wkl¨‡`i wb‡q GKwU `j ‰Zwi K‡iwQ‡jb| GB
`‡j cyi“l, gwnjv Df‡qiB Ae¯’vb wQj| ˆRb ag© Lye †ewk cÖfve we¯—vi Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| eªvþY¨
a‡g©i mv‡_ ˆRb a‡g©i eo iK‡gi cv_©K¨ bv _vKvq GB a‡g©i cÖwZ gvbyl Lye †ewk AvK…ó n‡Z
cv‡iwb| g‡b Kiv nq, gnvex‡ii wkl¨ msL¨v wQj 14000| ˆRb ag© me‡P‡q †ewk cÖmvi jvf
ˆRb ag© me‡P‡q †ewk cÖmvi K‡iwQj `w¶Y I cwðg fvi‡Z| KviI KviI g‡Z, †gŠh© mgªvU P›`ª¸ß †gŠh© (322-298
jvf K‡iwQj `w¶Y I cwðg wLª÷c~e©vã) KY©vU‡K ˆRb ag© cÖPvi K‡iwQ‡jb| mgªvU wb‡RI ˆRb ag© MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb Ges GK
fvi‡Z ch©v‡q wmsnvmb Z¨vM K‡i K‡qK eQi mbœ¨vmxi g‡Zv Rxebhvcb K‡iwQ‡jb| Z‡e GB mZ¨
cÖgvY Kivi gZ Z_¨ BwZnv‡m †bB| 400 wLª÷c~e©v‡ã Dwol¨vi Kwj‡½ ˆRb ag© we¯—vi jvf
K‡iwQj| cÖ_g wLª÷c~e©v‡ã ˆRb a‡g©i c„ô‡cvlK wQ‡jb ivRv Lvi‡ej| wZwb AÜ« I gMa weRq
K‡iwQ‡jb| Zvui g~j ivR¨ wQj Kwj½| L„÷c~e© cÖ_g I wØZxq kZvãx‡Z ˆRb ag© Zvwgjbvo~i
`w¶‡Yi †Rjv¸‡jv‡Z cÖmvi jvf K‡iwQj| cieZ©x kZK¸‡jv‡Z gvje, ¸RivU Ges ivR¯’v‡bI
ˆRb ag© cÖmvi jvf K‡i| eZ©gv‡bI GB AÂj¸‡jv‡Z ˆRb a‡g©i gvbyl‡`i †`Lv hvq| Zv‡`i
cÖavb †ckv n‡”Q evwYR¨|
cÖvK…Z fvlvi DbœwZ t ˆRb mvwnZ¨
ˆRb ag© e¨vcK we¯—vi bv Ki‡jI mgvR I ag©xq Rxe‡b wKQy cÖfve †i‡LwQj| eY©cÖ_v Ges
‰ew`K AvPvi Abyôv‡bi †h Kzdj wQj Zv †_‡K gvbyl‡K gyw³ w`‡Z †P‡qwQj ˆRb ag©|
cÖ_gw`‡K ˆRbiv eªvþY‡`i fvlv ms¯‹…Z eR©b K‡iwQ‡jb| ˆRb‡`i ag© cÖPv‡ii fvlv wQj
mvaviY gvby‡li gy‡Li fvlv A_©vr cÖvK…Z fvlv| †h fvlvq ˆRb‡`i ag©xq mvwnZ¨ †jLv n‡qwQj
ˆRb‡`i ag© cÖPv‡ii fvlv wQj Zv‡K ejv nq ÔAa©gMaxÕ| ˆRb mvwnZ¨ msKj‡bi KvR †kl nq lô wLª÷v‡ã| ˆRb‡`i wk¶vi
mvaviY gvby‡li gy‡Li fvlv cÖavb †K›`ª wQj ¸Riv‡Ui ej−fx‡Z| ˆRb‡`i Kvi‡YB cÖvK…Z fvlv I mvwnZ¨ mg„w× jvf
A_©vr cÖvK…Z fvlv K‡iwQj| cÖvK…Z †_‡K c‡i A‡bK AvÂwjK fvlvi Rb¥ nq| †hgb- †mŠi‡mwb fvlv| †mŠi‡mwb
fvlv †_‡KB Rb¥ wb‡qwQj AvaywbK gvivVx fvlv| Acåsk fvlvq †h cÖvPxb †jLv †`Lv hvq Zv
ˆRb‡`iB m„wó| ˆRb mvwn‡Z¨i m~Pbv gnvex‡ii mg‡q| G mgq gy‡L gy‡L mvwnZ¨ cÖPvwiZ wQj|
ˆRb a‡g©i Abymvix cwÊZ f`ªevû ch©š— ˆRb mvwnZ¨ wQj Zvi Avw` Ae¯’vq| f`ªevûi g„Zz¨i ci
wLª÷c~e© Z…Zxq kZvãxi ïi“i w`‡K GKwU eo ˆRb mgv‡e‡ki Av‡qvRb Kiv nq cvUvjxcy‡Î|
Av‡qvRb K‡ib ˆRb mbœ¨vmx ¯’‚jf`ª| GB mgv‡e‡k gnvex‡ii bxwZmg~n‡K fvM K‡i ÒØv`k
A‡½Ó mvRv‡bv nq| G¸‡jv †jLv nq Aa©gMax cÖvK…Z fvlvq| ˆRb‡`i ag©xq mvwn‡Z¨i fvÛvi
wQj wekvj| ag© mvwnZ¨ QvovI ˆRbiv Dcb¨vm, bvUK BZ¨vw` mvwnZ¨ iPbv K‡iwQ‡jb| `k©‡bi
†¶‡ÎI Zv‡`i D‡j−L‡hvM¨ Ae`vb wQj|
Af¨š—ixY Ø›Ø t w`M¤^i I †k¦Zv¤^i
ˆRb‡`i †fZi GK mgq Af¨š—ixY Ø›Ø †`Lv †`q; hv ag©wU‡K A‡bKUv `ye©j K‡i w`‡qwQj|
cÖ_g Ø›Ø †`Lv hvq AvRxeK m¤úÖ`v‡qi mv‡_| GB ؇›Øi GKwU KviY wQj ea©gvb hLb K‡Vvi
Zcm¨vq wbgMœ ZLb Ô†Mvmjgm&KixcyÎÕ bv‡gi GK mbœ¨vmx GKUvbv 6 eQi Zvui mn‡hvMx nb|
GK mgq GB `yB mbœ¨vmxi g‡a¨ gZwe‡iva nq| Ô†MvmjÕ ea©gvb‡K †Q‡o AvRxeK m¤úÖ`vq MVb
K‡ib| G mgq ˆRb mbœ¨vmxiv AbyMvgx‡`i wb‡q GKwU ¶z`ª `j MVb K‡iwQ‡jb| ˆRb m~Î
Abyhvqx P›`ª¸ß †gŠ‡h©i ivR‡Z¡i †klw`‡K GK fqven `ywf©¶ n‡qwQj| GB `ywf©¶ n‡qwQj
GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
73
 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

gnvex‡ii g„Zz¨i 200 eQi c‡i| `ywf©‡¶i Kvi‡Y ˆRbiv gMa †Q‡o `vw¶Yv‡Z¨ P‡j wM‡qwQj|
GB `ywf©¶ 12 eQi ¯’vqx n‡qwQj| `vw¶Yv‡Z¨ hvIqvi cÖm‡½ ˆRb‡`i g‡a¨ n‡qwQj cÖPÛ
gZ‡f`| G‡Z wØavwef³ n‡q hvq ˆRbiv| f`ªevûi †bZ…‡Z¡ GK`j P‡j hvq `w¶Y fvi‡Z Ges
†mLv‡b ˆRb a‡g©i ¸i“Z¡c~Y© †K›`ª cÖwZôv K‡i| evwKiv ¯’‚jf‡`ªi †bZ…‡Z¡ gM‡aB †_‡K
wM‡qwQj| `ywf©¶ †k‡l Giv Avevi gM‡a wd‡i Av‡m| wKš‘, ¯’vbxq ˆRb‡`i mv‡_ Zv‡`i
gZwe‡iva ïi“ nq| `w¶Y fviZ †_‡K Avmv ˆRbiv `vwe Ki‡Z _v‡Kb †h, GB `ywf©‡¶i mgqI
Zviv K‡Vvifv‡e ag©xq Abykvmb †g‡b P‡j‡Qb| Zv‡`i Awf‡hvM gM‡ai ˆRbiv a‡g©i wbqg
†_‡K `~‡i m‡i wM‡q‡Q| c~‡e© Avcbviv cvUjxcy‡Î †h m‡¤§j‡bi K_v †R‡b‡Qb GB gZ‡f‡`i
Kvi‡YB Zv WvKv n‡qwQj| wKš‘, `w¶Y fvi‡Zi ˆRbiv GB m‡¤§jb eR©b K‡ib| G mgq †_‡K
`w¶Y fviZxq ˆRb‡`i ejv n‡Zv Ôw`M¤^iÕ| A_©vr Dj½ †_‡K Zcm¨v Kiv wQj G‡`i eªZ|
f`ªevû GB g‡Zi mg_©K wQ‡jb| Ab¨w`‡K gM‡ai ˆRb‡`i ejv nq †k¦Zv¤^i| Zv‡`i †bZv
¯’‚jf`ª ev ¯’jevû Abymvix‡`i †k¦Ze¯¿ covi AbygwZ w`‡qwQ‡jb| GB `yB g‡Zi Kvi‡YB
wLª÷c~e© Z…Zxq kZvãx‡Z ˆRb m¤úÖ`vq w`M¤^i I †k¦Zv¤^i GB `yB fv‡M wef³ n‡q hvq|

mvi-ms‡¶c ˆew`K a‡g©i K‡VviZv I bvbv AbvPv‡i hLb gvbyl wech©¯— n‡q c‡owQj ZLbB Zviv ˆRb
a‡g©i cÖwZ AvK…ó nq| wKš‘, †kl ch©š— ˆRb ag© Lye †ewk RbwcÖqZv AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡iwb|
gMa ˆRb a‡g©i cÖavb †K›`ª n‡jI GB ag© `w¶Y I cwðg fvi‡Z Qwo‡q c‡owQj| fvi‡Zi
ag©-`k©b I mvwn‡Z¨i ‡¶‡Î ˆRb ag© we‡kl Ae`vb ivL‡Z m¶g nq| †kl ch©š— wKQy Af¨š—
ixY bxwZi cÖ‡kœ ˆRb a‡g©i Abymvix‡`i g‡a¨ Ø›Ø m„wó nq| GB Ø›Ø ag©wU‡K `ye©j K‡i
w`‡qwQj|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb : 5.3

ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ
1| gnvex‡ii wkl¨ msL¨v wQj−
K. 14,000|
L. 10,000|
M. 4,000|
2| ˆRb a‡g©i cÖfv‡e †h fvlvi DbœwZ n‡qwQj Zvi bvg−
K. ms¯‹…Z fvlv|
L. Aa©gMax fvlv|
M. cÖvK…Z fvlv|
3| Ô†Mvmjgm&KixcyÎÕ n‡”Q−
K. GKwU †Mv‡Îi bvg|
L. GKRb mbϬvmxi bvg|
M. GKwU iv‡R¨i bvg|
4| †k¦Zv¤^i ˆRb‡`i †bZv wQ‡jb-
K. gnvexi|
L. f`ªevû|
M. ¯’‚jevû|
msw¶ß−DËi cÖkœ

1. ˆRb a‡g©i we¯—vi m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki“b|

2. ˆRb a‡g©i Ae`vbmg~n eY©bv Ki“b|
3. ˆRb ag©wU †Kb `ye©j n‡q c‡o|

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
74

 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

†eŠ× a‡g©i D™¢e I we¯—vi

cvV 4
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV c‡o Avcwb−
◗ †Kb †MŠZg ey× bZzb ag©gZ cÖPv‡ii wPš—v Ki‡jb Zv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ ag© m¤^‡Ü †MŠZg ey‡×i aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ wKfv‡e †eŠ×iv ag© cÖPvi Ki‡Zb Zv we‡k−lY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ †eŠ× a‡g©i we¯—vi m¯ú‡K© eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡eb|

†eŠ× a‡g©i D™¢e

†eŠ× a‡g©i cÖeZ©K wQ‡jb †MŠZg ey×| wZwb GB ag© cÖPvi ïi“ K‡ib wLª÷c~e© lô kZvãx‡Z|
wZwb wKQy ev¯—e Dcjw× †_‡K GB ai‡Yi GKwU ag©evYx cÖPv‡ii wPš—v K‡iwQ‡jb| gvby‡li `ytL
hš¿Yv †`‡L wZwb Lye Kó †c‡qwQ‡jb| GKmgq Zvui B”Qv n‡jv wZwb `ytL-hš¿Yv †_‡K c„w_exi
gvbyl‡K cwiÎvY Ki‡eb| wZwb Zvui wPš—v-fvebv †_‡K PviwU g~j mZ¨ cÖwZôv K‡ib Ges
†MŠZg ey‡×i PviwU g~j mZ¨ t
G¸‡jv‡K cÖPvi Kivi Rb¨ c`‡¶c MÖnY K‡ib| mZ¨¸‡jv n‡”Q- (K) msmvi `ytLgq, (L)
Aóvw½K gvM©, wbe©vY
wbðqB `yt‡Li KviY i‡q‡Q, (M) `yt‡Li Aemvb nIqv DwPZ, (N) `yt‡Li Aemv‡bi h_v_© Dcvq
Rvbv DwPZ| ey× GB wm×v‡š— †cuŠQvb †h, 8 wU Dcvq Aej¤^b Ki‡j `ytL Kó †_‡K gyw³ cvIqv
m¤¢e| G‡K ejv nq Aóvw½K gvM©| G¸‡jv n‡”Q- (K) mg¨K `„wó, (L) mr m¼í, (M) mr evK¨,
(K) msmvi `ytLgq, (L) (N) mrKg©, (O) mr Rxeb, (P) mr †Póv, (Q) mr
wbðqB `yt‡Li KviY i‡q‡Q, ¯§„wZ Ges (R) mg¨K mgvwa| G‡Z GKw`‡K †hgb
(M) `yt‡Li Aemvb nIqv P‚ovš— wejvm Kiv‡K mg_©b Kiv nqwb, Ab¨w`‡K
DwPZ, (N) `yt‡Li Aemv‡bi K‡Vvi Zcm¨v Ges kix‡ii wbh©vZb‡KI mg_©b Kiv
h_v_© Dcvq Rvbv DwPZ
nqwb| gvby‡li gyw³i Rb¨ ey× g‡b K‡ib, ga¨cš’v
Aej¤^b KivB fvj| †eŠ×‡`i fvlvq GB gyw³i bvg
Ôwbe©vYÕ| †eŠ× a‡g© cig gyw³i c_ n‡jv cybR©‡b¥i
aviYv †_‡K †ewi‡q G‡m wbe©vY jvf Kiv| Z‡e gyw³i
c‡_ †cŠuQ‡Z †M‡j Kg©d‡ji GKwU f‚wgKv †_‡K
hvq| †eŠ× a‡g© wZbwU wel‡qi Dci ¸i“Z¡ Av‡ivc
Kiv nq| G¸‡jv n‡”Q- kxj, mgvwa I cÖÁv| ÔkxjÕ
ev bxwZ‡Z wnsmv, wg_¨v, wejvm BZ¨vw` cwinvi Ki‡Z
ejv n‡q‡Q| ÔmgvwaÕ n‡”Q a¨vb Avi cÖÁv n‡jv
†evwa| †MŠZg ey×

c„w_ex m„wó I Ck¦i m¤ú‡K© aviYv

ˆew`K ag©xq aviYvi mv‡_ †eŠ× a‡g©i †ek cv_©K¨ wQj| Av‡MB ejv n‡q‡Q, †`n‡K Kó w`‡q
gyw³ jv‡fi †Póv †eŠ× ag© mg_©b K‡iwb| GB cÖ‡kœ gnvex‡ii mv‡_ †MŠZg ey‡×i `„wóf½xi
†eŠ×iv Ck¦‡i wek¦vmx bq|
cv_©K¨ wQj| hw`I †MŠZg ey× mKj Rx‡ei cÖwZ Awnsm bxwZ MÖn‡Yi K_v e‡j‡Qb Z_vwc ˆRb
†eŠ× wek¦vm Abyhvqx c„w_ex a‡g©i gZ Awnsm bxwZ cvj‡b AwZ K‡Vvi nIqvi K_v e‡jbwb| ey× mivmwi †e‡`i gvnvÍ̈
wb‡Ri wbq‡g m„wó n‡q‡Q A¯^xKvi K‡ib| ˆew`K AvPvi Abyôvb I hvMhÁ‡K A_©nxb g‡b K‡ib| RvwZ‡f` cÖ_vi we‡ivax
wQ‡jb ey×| †eŠ×iv Ck¦‡i wek¦vmx bq| †eŠ× wek¦vm Abyhvqx c„w_ex wb‡Ri wbq‡g m„wó n‡q‡Q|
GKmgq c„w_ex wQj cig kvwš—i RvqMv| wKš‘, gvbyl †fvM-wejv‡m gË nIqvq Zv `yt‡L c~Y© n‡q
hvq| Ck¦‡ii Aw¯—‡Z¡i cÖm‡½ ey× †Kvb K_v e‡jbwb| wZwb Ck¦i wb‡q fvevi e`‡j gvby‡li
ˆbwZK I AvwZ¥K kw³ weKv‡k mgq e¨q Kiv‡KB Ri“wi g‡b K‡i‡Qb| wZwb bvix-cyi“l, abx-
`wi`ª, D”P-bxP mK‡ji g‡a¨ Zvui ag©evYx cÖPvi K‡ib|

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
75

 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

ms‡Ni m„wó I ag© cÖPvi

cÖ_gw`‡K mKj cÖKvi eªvþY¨ AvPvi-Abyôvb †eŠ× ag© †_‡K ev` †`qv nq| wKš‘, ax‡i ax‡i
†eŠ× a‡g©i wfZi c~Rv cÖ_v cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z _v‡K| e„¶ c~Rv Kiv ev mgvwa ¯—‚c wbg©vY GK mgq
RbwcÖq n‡Z _v‡K| †eŠ× a‡g©i GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© msMV‡bi bvg ÔmsNÕ| †eŠ× wf¶z m¤úÖ`vq ˆZwi
nq GB ms‡Ni ga¨ w`‡q| wf¶z‡`i KvR wQj wewfbœ ¯’v‡b Ny‡i Ny‡i ag© cÖPvi Kiv| wf¶v K‡i
Zv‡`i Lvevi †hvMvo Ki‡Z n‡Zv| d‡j, wf¶ziv GKB mv‡_ wf¶v msMÖn I ag©xq wk¶v cÖPvi
Ki‡Z cvi‡Zv| †eŠ×‡`i GB ag© cÖPv‡ii aiY eªvþY‡`i GKK wk¶v `v‡bi cÖ_vq AvNvZ
nv‡b| †eŠ× a‡g© †h‡Kvb Rv‡Zi gvbyl‡K mbœ¨vmx ev mbœ¨vwmbx evbv‡bv †h‡Zv| mgv‡Ri wewfbœ ¯—
i †_‡K Giv Avm‡Zv| ZvB ejv nq †eŠ× mgv‡R wk¶v wQj mve©Rbxb|

†eŠ× a‡g©i we¯—vi

ms‡Ni wbqg Abyhvqx myk„•Ljfv‡e cÖPvwiZ nIqvq †MŠZg ey‡×i RxeÏkvqB †eŠ× ag© e¨vcK
cÖmvwiZ n‡qwQj| gMa, †Kvkj I †KŠkv¤^xi ivR cwievi QvovI A‡bK iv‡R¨i Awaevmxiv †eŠ×
gMa, †Kvkj I †KŠkv¤^xi ivR
ag© MÖnY K‡iwQj| ey‡×i g„Zz¨i `yÕk eQi c‡i weL¨vZ †gŠh© mgªvU A‡kvK †eŠ× ag© MÖnY
cwievi QvovI A‡bK iv‡R¨i
Awaevmxiv †eŠ× ag© MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb †eŠ× ag© cÖPv‡i AvZœwb‡qvM K‡ib| Zvui wb‡qvwRZ cÖPviKiv Gwkqv, cwðg
K‡iwQj Gwkqv Ges kªxj¼vq †eŠ× ag© cÖPv‡ii e¨e¯’v K‡iwQ‡jb| ejv †h‡Z cv‡i †h, A‡kv‡Ki cÖ‡Póvi
dj¯^iƒc †eŠ× ag© we‡k¦i A‡bK A‡jB Qwo‡q c‡o| G Kvi‡YB eZ©gvb kªxj¼v, evg©v, Pxb,
Rvcvb, wZeŸZ cÖf…wZ †`‡k cÖPzi †eŠ× a‡g©i Abymvix †`L‡Z cvIqv hvq|

mvi-ms‡¶c †MŠZg ey× GK we‡kl wPš—v †_‡K †eŠ× a‡g©i D™¢e NUvb| c„w_ex‡Z gvby‡li `ytL-Kó Zv‡K
cxwoZ K‡iwQj| G `ytL Kó †_‡K gvbyl‡K gy³ Kivi Rb¨ wZwb Mfxi wPš—vq gMœ _v‡Kb|
c‡i wZwb †h Ávb jvf K‡ib Zv †_‡K D™¢e nq bZzb ag©-g‡Zi, hvi bvg †eŠ× ag©| a‡g©i
e¨vcv‡i my¯úó Av‡`k wb‡`©k w`‡q hvb †MŠZg ey×| ‡eŠ× a‡g© Ôwbe©vYÕ jvfB cig cÖvwß|
msN cÖwZôvi ga¨ w`‡q myk„•Ljfv‡e †eŠ× ag© cÖPvwiZ n‡Z _v‡K| Gfv‡e †eŠ× ag© fvi‡Zi
evB‡iI A‡bK †`‡k Qwo‡q c‡o|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb : 5.4

ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ
1| ÔAóvw½K gvM©Õ ej‡Z †evSvq−
K. ey‡×i g‡Z `ytLKó †_‡K gyw³ cvIqvi KZ¸‡jv Dcvq|
L. †eŠ× mbœ¨vmx‡`i Avkªg|
M. †eŠ× gw›`i|
2| †eŠ× a‡g© cig gyw³‡K ejv nq−
K. kxj|
L. mgvwa|
M. wbe©vY|
3| †MŠZg ey×−
K. GK Ck¦‡ii K_v e‡j‡Qb|
L. eû Ck¦‡ii K_v e‡j‡Qb|
M. Ck¦‡ii Aw¯—‡Z¡i cÖ‡kœ bxie †_‡K‡Qb|

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
76

 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

4| †eŠ× a‡g©i GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© msMV‡bi bvg−

K. wf¶z|
L. msN|
M. cÖÁv|

msw¶ß−DËi cÖkœ

1. ag© m¤^‡Ü †MŠZg ey‡×i aviYv eY©bv Ki“b|
2. †eŠ× a‡g©i we¯—vi m¤ú‡K© aviYv w`b|

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
77

 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

†MŠZg ey‡×i Rxebx I †eŠ× mvwnZ¨

cvV 5
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV c‡o Avcwb−
◗ †MŠZg ey‡×i cÖ_g Rxeb I wk¶v m¤ú‡K© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ ag© cÖPviK †MŠZg ey‡×i Rxeb m¤ú‡K© we‡k−lY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ †eŠ× a‡g©i Dbœq‡b M„nxZ c`‡¶cmg~n Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ †eŠ× mvwnZ¨ m¤ú‡K© we‡k−lY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

†MŠZg ey‡×i ˆkke

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ey‡×i g„Zz¨
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wkl¨‡`i cÖwZ ey‡×i †kl evYx
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¶q cv‡e| Aa¨emvqx nIqvi gvbyl †eŠ‡×i wk¨lZ¡ MÖnY K‡i| ey‡×i g„Zz¨i Kvwnbx Ggb- cvev kn‡i wbæe‡Y©i GK wkl¨
†Póv Ki|Õ eyׇK LvIqvi `vIqvZ K‡iwQ‡jb| †mLv‡b Zvu‡K k~K‡ii gvsm LvIqv‡bv nq| AZtci wZwb
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eo mfv nq| cÖavb wkl¨iv ey‡×i Dc‡`k¸‡jv c~Y©v½fv‡e msKjb K‡ib| GB mgv‡ek cÖ_g
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GLv‡b mbœ¨vmx‡`i g‡a¨ †`Lv †`q gZ‡f`| ms‡Ni wbqgk„•Ljv wb‡q wewfbœ cÖkœ DV‡Z _v‡K|
mgªvU A‡kv‡Ki D‡`¨v‡M cvUjxcy‡Î Z…Zxq †eŠ× m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nq| GB m‡¤§jb A‡bK wei“×
GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
78
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AbywôZ n‡qwQj e‡j aviYv Kiv nq| GUvB †kl m‡¤§jb ev †eŠ× m½xwZ| GB m‡¤§j‡b †eŠ×
ag©MÖš’¸‡jv A‡bK cÖgvY mnKv‡i msKjb Kiv nq|

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Kvwnbx cvIqv hvq GB RvZ‡K| wLª÷c~e© cÖ_g I wØZxq kZvãxi g‡a¨ RvZ‡Ki Kvwnbx¸‡jv
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Dcv`vb cvIqv hvq|

nxbhvb I gnvhvb
ax‡i ax‡i †eŠ× a‡g©i wfZi gZ‡f` cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z _v‡K| wØZxq †eŠ× m½xwZi mgq †h me
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`j‡K ejv nq ÔAvPixqev`Õ Avi wØZxq `‡ji bvg nq Ô†_iev`Õ| Avevi G `yÕ‡Uv `j
A‡bK¸‡jv Dc`‡j wef³ nq| Gfv‡e bZzb bZzb gZev‡`i m„wó n‡Z _v‡K †eŠ× a‡g©|
Kvjµ‡g †eŠ×iv ÔnxbhvbÕ I ÔgnvhvbÕ G `yÕ‡Uv m¤úÖ`v‡q wef³ n‡q c‡o|

mvi-ms‡¶c †eŠ× a‡g©i cÖeZ©K †MŠZg ey× ivR cwiev‡i Rb¥ MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb| ˆkk‡eB gvby‡li `ytL Kó
Avi g„Zz¨ Zvui g‡b cÖwZwµqv m„wó K‡i| msmvi Z¨vM K‡i wZwb mbœ¨vmx nb Ges `xN©w`b
Zcm¨v K‡i wZwb Ávb jvf K‡ib | Gfv‡eB m~Pbv nq †eŠ× a‡g©i| µ‡gB †eŠ× a‡g©i
wewfbœ wbqg-Kvbyb ˆZwi n‡Z _v‡K| †eŠ× ag© GKwU msMV‡b cwiYZ nq| †eŠ× a‡g©i
Abymvixi msL¨vI evo‡Z _v‡K| m„wó n‡Z _v‡K bvbv †eŠ× mvwnZ¨| Gfv‡e, †eŠ× ag© GKwU
k³ wfwËi Dci cÖwZwôZ nq|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb : 5.5

ˆbe¨©w³K cÖkœ
1| †MŠZg ey‡×i Rb¥ nq−
K. 476 wLª÷c~e©v‡ã|
L. 486 wLª÷c~e©v‡ã|
M. 566 wLª÷c~e©v‡ã|

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
79

 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

2| †MŠZg ey× g„Zz¨ eiY K‡ib−

K. Kwcjve¯‘i wbKU jyw¤^bx MÖv‡g|
L. KzkxbM‡i|
M. mvibv‡_|
3| Ô†eŠ× m½xwZÕ n‡”Q−
K. †eŠ× mbœ¨vmx‡`i m‡¤§jb|
L. †eŠ× ag© m½x‡Zi Abyôvb|
M. †eŠ× wenvi|
4| ey‡×i Dc‡`k¸‡jv msKwjZ Av‡Q−
K. webq wcU‡K|
L. m~Î wcU‡K|
M. Awfag© wcU‡K|

msw¶ß−DËi cÖkœ

1. wKfv‡e †MŠZg ey× †eŠ× ag© cÖeZ©b K‡ib?
2. †eŠ× mvwnZ¨ m¤ú‡K© aviYv w`b|

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
80


cvV 6
†MŠZg ey× g~wZ© c~Rvi we‡ivax
n‡jI cÖ_g wLª÷vã †_‡K
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g~wZ© c~Rv ïi“ nq
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K‡iwb| `vwi`ª¨ †_‡K gyw³i
Rb¨ ey‡×i Dc‡`k wQj †h,
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myweav †`qv †nvK, e¨emvqx‡K
m¤ú` †`qv †nvK Ges
gRyi‡`i †`qv †nvK gRywi
I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq
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wkíKjvi Dc‡iI †eŠ× a‡g©i cÖfve c‡owQj| ey‡×i PgrKvi me g~wZ© ˆZwi n‡Z _v‡K|
cv_‡ii Mv‡q dzwU‡q †Zvjv n‡Z _v‡K ey‡×i Rxe‡bi A‡bK Kvwnbx|
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A¯^xKvi K‡i Ges Avh©‡`i cïewj cÖ_vi we‡ivwaZv K‡i| Dfq ag©B mgv‡Ri wbæ †kªYxi
GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
81
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gvbyl‡K AvK…ó K‡iwQj| ˆek¨iv abx nIqv m‡Ë¡I eªvþY‡`i Mov mgv‡R †Zgb m¤§vb †c‡Zv
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m”Qj ewYK m¤úÖ`vq Gevi cvëv Reve †`qvi c_ Lyu‡R cvq|

mvi-ms‡¶c †eŠ× ag© wbR Av`k© †_‡K ax‡i ax‡i m‡i G‡j gvby‡li Kv‡Q Gi AvKl©Y K‡g hvq| †eŠ×
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GKB mgq cÖPvwiZ n‡qwQj| A‡bK †¶‡ÎB GB `yB a‡g©i g‡a¨ mv`„k¨ Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb : 5.6

ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ
1| †eŠ× a‡g© g~wZ© c~Rv ïi“ nq−
K. cÖ_g wLª÷vã †_‡K|
L. cÖ_g wLª÷c~e© †_‡K|
M. Z…Zxq wLª÷c~e© †_‡K|
2| ej−fxi †eŠ× wenvi−
K. ¸Riv‡U Aew¯’Z|
L. wenv‡i Aew¯’Z|
M. bvj›`vq Aew¯’Z|
3| cïewj cÖ_v−
K. Avh©iv cvjb Ki‡Zv|
L. †eŠ×iv cvjb Ki‡Zv|
M. ˆRbiv cvjb Ki‡Zv|
4| †MŠZg ey× g~jZ: ag© cÖPvi Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Qb−
K. eªvþY‡`i g‡a¨|
L. wb毗‡ii gvby‡li g‡a¨|
M. e¨emvqx †kªYxi g‡a¨|

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
82

 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

msw¶ß−DËi cÖkœ

1. †eŠ× a‡g©i ¸i“Z¡ m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki“b|
2. ˆRb I †eŠ× a‡g©i g‡a¨ †Kvb& †Kvb& †¶‡Î wgj Av‡Q eY©bv Ki“b|

P‚ovš— g~j¨vqb- 5 : iPbvg~jK cÖkœ

1. gnvex‡ii cwiPq D‡j−Lc~e©K ˆRb a‡g©i D™¢e I we¯—vi m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki“b|
2. †MŠZg ey‡×i Rxebx D‡j−L K‡i †eŠ× a‡g©i D™¢e I we¯—vi m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki“b|

DËigvjv
cvV 5.1 t 1| L 2| K 3| M 4| M
cvV 5.2 t 1| L 2| M 3| M 4| M
cvV 5.3 t 1| K 2| M 3| L 4| M
cvV 5.4 t 1| K 2| M 3| M 4| L
cvV 5.5 t 1| M 2| L 3| K 4| L
cvV 5.6 t 1| K 2| K 3| K 4| L

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
83