Array in C

 An array is defined as the collection of similar data items that are stored under a common name.
 Arrays are the derived data type in C programming language which can store the primitive type of
data such as int, char, double, float, etc.
 It also has the capability to store the collection of derived data types, such as pointers, structure, etc.
 Each value refer by its index. Using[ ](subscript) for accessing the index

Characteristics of Arrays

 The declaration int a[5] creates 5 variables of integer types in the memory. Instead of declaring 5 variables
for 5 values.
 The array elements are stored in continuous memory locations

Advantage of C Array

1) Code Optimization: Less code to access the data.

2) Ease of traversing: By using for loop, we can retrieve the elements of an array easily.

3) Ease of sorting: To sort the elements of the array, we need a few lines of code only.

4) Random Access: We can access any element randomly using the array.

Disadvantage of C Array

1) Fixed size of length

2) Occupies more memory

Types of Array

 Single Dimensional Array / One Dimensional Array

 Two Dimensional Array

Single Dimensional Array (One Dimensional array)

 An array with only one subscript is termed as one dimensional array
 Single dimensional arrays are used to store list of values of same data type.
 In single dimensional array, data is stored in linear form.
 Single dimensional arrays are also called as one-dimensional arrays, Linear Arrays or simply 1-D
Arrays.

Syntax
Data type array_name[array_size];  

Now, let us see the example to declare the array.

int marks[5];    Array Declaration
Initialization of C Array
marks[0]=80;//initialization of array  
marks[1]=60;  
marks[2]=70;  
marks[3]=85;  
marks[4]=75;  

Declaration with Initialization

We can initialize the c array at the time of declaration. Let's see the code.
int marks[5]={20,30,40,50,60};  

In such case, there is no requirement to define the size. So it may also be written as the following code.

int marks[]={20,30,40,50,60};  

Example Program
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i=0;
int marks[5]={20,30,40,50,60}; //declaration and initialization of array
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{
printf("%d \t",marks[i]);
}
return 0;
}
Output
20 30 40 50 60

Example 2:
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int number[5];
printf("Enter 5 number: ");
for(int i = 0; i < 5; ++i)
{
scanf("%d", &number[i]);
}
printf("Displaying the number: ");
for(int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
printf("%d\n", number[i]);
}
return 0;
}
Output
Enter 5 number: 1 2 3 4 5                                                                           

Displaying the number: 1        2       3       4       5 

Example: Sorting an array in ascending order.

#include<stdio.h>
int main ()
{
int i, j,temp;
int a[10] = { 10, 9, 7, 101, 23}; (7,9,10,23,101)
for(i = 0; i<5; i++)
{
for(j = i+1; j<5; j++)
{
if(a[j] > a[i])
{
temp = a[i];
a[i] = a[j];
a[j] = temp;
}
}
}
printf("Printing Sorted Element List ...\n");
for(i = 0; i<5; i++)

{
printf("%d\n",a[i]);
}
return 0;
}
Output
Printing Sorted Element List ...                                                                      
101                                                                                                   
23                                                                                                    
10                                                                                                    
9                                                                                                     
7 
Two Dimensional Array in C
 An array with two subscripts is termed as two dimensional array.
 The two-dimensional array can be defined as an array of arrays.
 The 2D array is organized as matrices which can be represented as the collection of rows and columns.

The syntax to declare the 2D array

Data type  array_name[rows][columns];  
Example:
 int x[3][3];

Example
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i=0,j=0;
int arr[3][3]={{1,2,3},{4,5,6},{7,8,9}};
for(i=0;i<3;i++) 0
{
printf("\n");
for(j=0;j<3;j++) 0, 1, 2
{
printf(" %d \t",arr[i][j]);
}
}
return 0;
}
Output
1       2       3                                                                                    
 4       5       6                                                                                    
 7       8       9 

Example
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int disp[10][10];
int i, j,n;
printf("Enter the row and colum: ");
scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=0; i<n; i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
{
printf("Enter value for disp[%d][%d]:", i, j);
 scanf("%d", &disp[i][j]);
}
}
printf("Two Dimensional array elements:\n");
for(i=0; i<n; i++)
{
printf("\n");
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
{
printf("%d \t", disp[i][j]);

}
}
return 0;
}
Output
Enter the row and colum: 3                                                                            
Enter value for disp[0][0]:1                                                                          
Enter value for disp[0][1]:2                                                                          
Enter value for disp[0][2]:3                                                                          
Enter value for disp[1][0]:4                                                                          
Enter value for disp[1][1]:5                                                                          
Enter value for disp[1][2]:6                                                                          
Enter value for disp[2][0]:7                                                                          
Enter value for disp[2][1]:8                                                                          
Enter value for disp[2][2]:9                                                                          
Two Dimensional array elements:                                                                       
                                                                                                      
1       2       3                                                                                     
4       5       6                                                                                     
7       8       9 

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a[2][2],b[2][2],c[2][2],i,j;

printf("\nENTER VALUES FOR FIRST MATRIX :\n");

 for(i=0;i<2;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<2;j++)
{
scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);
}
}

printf("\nENTER VALUES FOR SECOND MATRIX :\n");

for(i=0;i<2;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<2;j++)
{
scanf("%d",&b[i][j]);
}
}
for(i=0;i<2;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<2;j++)
{
c[i][j]=a[i][j]+b[i][j];
}
}

printf("\n THE ADDITION OF MATRIX IS :\n");

for(i=0;i<2;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<2;j++)
{
printf("%5d",c[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}

Output
ENTER VALUES FOR FIRST MATRIX :                                                                       
1                                                                                                     
2                                                                                                     
3                                                                                                     
4                                                                                                                                                                          
ENTER VALUES FOR SECOND MATRIX :                                                                      
1                                                                                                     
2                                                                                                     
3                                                                                                     
4                                                                                                     
THE ADDITION OF MATRIX IS :                                                                          
    2    4                                                                                            
    6    8