1.  A  female  patient  of  65  years  old  was  found  in  her  house  with  severe 
dyspnea(hypoventilation)​.  ASTRUP  analysis  showed:  pH=7,5;  HCO3-  =  48  mmol/l; 
pCO2=  60 mmHg. Which could be the diagnosis?(don’t remember if the values were 
the  same)  if  the  values  are like that then it has to be respiratory as we can consider 
that the pCO2 is increased !!!! 
a) fully compensated metabolic acidosis 
b) partly compensated respiratory alkalosis  
c) uncompensated metabolic alkalosis  
d) partly compensated metabolic alkalosis 
e) fully compensated respiratory acidosis or alkalosis  

 
2.The first heart sound is caused by: 
a) mitral and tricuspid valve closure 
b) ventricle walls vibrations during fast filling period (Sound 3)  
c) mitral and tricuspid valve opening (NO heart sound for this) 
d) aortic and pulmonary valve closure (sound 2) 
e) vibration  of  ventricular  walls  during  isovolumetric  contraction  (No  heart  sound. 
the vibration means ventricle contraction, here the valves are closed)  
2nd heart sound → closure of pulmonary and aortic valves (semilunar/ sigmoid)  
->  Its  should  be  correct  its  a  causes  in  her  ppt  but  she  is  maybe  asking  the  main 
cause moreover she use “is” and not “are” caused  
  

 
 
3.  Mary  and  john  bring  their  19  months  old  son  to  their  doctor  after  they  noticed 
that,  although  he  gained  much  weight  since  birth,  he  did  not  grow  as  long  as  their 
nephew  of  the  same  age.  for  this  child  the  FT4,  FT3  values  are  very  low.  Given the 
laboratory  chart,  what  other clinical features do you think you could discover at this 
child`s clinical examination: 
a) bradycardia 
b) protrusion of the eyeballs 
c) dry skin 
d) tremor  of  the  extremities  signs  of  hyperthyroidism:  higher  heart  rate,  hand 
tremors, faster metabolism, sweating, protrusion of eyeballs 
e) Mixedem 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4. The roles of organic substances from the pancreatic juice is/are: 
a) ensuring the alkalinity of the pancreatic juice 
b) digestion  of  phospholipids it splits phospholipids not digest, digest are starch, 
glycogen and carbohydrates 
c) hydrolysis for ADN/ARN  
d) activation  of  trypsin  ​(can  be correct aswell )isn‘t enterokinase,which activates 
it secreted by duodenal cells? 
e) neutralization of gastric juice 
 
5. The properties of hemoglobin confirm the following true observations: 
a) a high temperature shifts the dissociation curve to the left (Not left but right)  
b) by decreasing PCO2 the affinity of hemoglobin for O2 increases 
c) by  decreasing  the  PH  level,  the  eliberation/elimination  of  O2  from 
oxyhemoglobin is facilitate 
d) the  formation  of  carbamino  HB  should  be  treated  in  emergency  with  high 
pressure O2 administration →  No, 
CarboxyHb, not CarbaminoHb 
e) the ffication of H+ on the Hb surface could be an explanation for cyanosis 
 
6. The heart rate measured on ECG, in lead III, is dependent on:  
a) The distance between 2 T waves  
b) The distance of 2 consecutive R waves 
c) The distance between 2 P waves m
​ aybe ? 
d) Heart  rate  can  not  be  measured  in  only  one  ECG  lead  (It  can  be  measured  in 
more than 1 ECG lead)  
e) No answer is correct  
  
 
 
 
 
7. Which cells are immunocytes?  
a) Lymphocytes T  
b) Basophils  
c) Neutrophils  
d) Eosinophils  
e) Lymphocytes B  
8. The protective function of saliva is ensured by:  
a) IgG, IgM, and IgA 
b) Salivary fluoride 
c) Salivary calcium  
d) Salivary growth factors  
 
9. The role of glucagon in metabolism consists of:  
a) Hepatic gluconeogenesis  
b) The stimulation of alpha cell activity in the pancreas  
 c) The stimulation of protein synthesis in muscular tissue  
d) Hepatic neoglycogenesis  
e) No variation is correct  
 
 
10. Regarding the pituitary gland, the following statements is/are false:  
a) Functionally it is delineated in the cranial and caudal pituitary gland !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!  
b) Neuro-hypophysis  secrets  the  hormones  involved  in  reabsorption  of  renal 
water  
c) Adeno-hipophysis secrets hormones that act on the mammary gland  
d) The TRH is secreted in adeno - hipophysis  
e) Serotonin is produced in neuro - hipophysis  
 
 
 
 
11.  Which  of  the  following  factors  may  facilitate  the  decreasing  for  the  renal 
clearance of inulin?  
a) Dilatation of afferent arterioles  
b) Dilatation of the efferent arterioles  
c) Vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles  
d) Vasoconstriction of the efferent arterioles  
e) Vassoconstriction of the peritubular vascular system (vasa - recta)  
 
12. The normal plasma composition includes:  
a) over 90% water  
b) proteins 7-8% (6-8%)   
c) 1% organic substances  
d) 150 anions 
e)  
 
13. Which of the following is an agranulocyte? 
a) Neutrophil 
b) monocyte 
c) lymfocyte B 
d) basophils 
e) eosino 
 
 
 
 
14. What can have an effect on pulmonary circulation:  
a) epinephrine  
b) Histamin  
c) Increased lung volume  
d) Positive intrapleural pressure (good if interstitial) 
e) none of the above  
 
15. What can be active transport:  
a) channel proteins  
b) transport proteins  
c) na/k pumps  
d) another type of protein (don’t remember which one)  
e) All are wrong  
→ good : ionic pumps ,transport protein, na/k pump, simport+antiport 
 
16. WHat can be plasma globins?  
a) Erithropoietin (Globulins) 
b) antithrombin 3 ​(Globulins Anticoagulant →Glycoprotein ) 
c) IgE​ (Immunoglobulins) 
d) IgG​ (Immunoglobulins) 
e) Bilirubin (Product of hemoglobin metabolism) 
 
17. How can Nacl 0,9 effect red blood cells  
a) shrink  
b) Swelling  
c) Take water in  
d) Nothing will happen (​because its an isotonic solution) 
e) ?  
 
18. What’s true about pulmonary circulation?  
a) total compliance is 0.3 (wrong is about 0.2 L/cm H20) 
b) the static compliance of the lung is measures when no air flow 
occurs 
c) elasticity is 6 cm (wrong elasticity is 5 cm H20/L) 
d) compliance grows with volume (inversely proportional) 
 
 
 
 
 
19. What is not specific immunity?  
a) gastic acid 
b) phagocitosis  
c) T lymphocytes  
d) B lymphocytes  
e) skin  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
20. 58 year old female patient, BP 145/105, HR 55  
- Hypertension I (140-159) 
- Hypertension II (160-179) 
- Bradycardia (under 60) 
- normal HR  
 

 
 
 
21. Peripheral blood smear with way to much leukocytes (everything as percent)  
- Patient might had an allergic reaction  
- Parasitic infection?  
- Hodgkin​'​s disease  
 
22. reflec arch, left hand(300) and right hand (200ms) 
a) the student is right handed  
b) Short time bc of repetitive  
c) Short time bc its a reflex test (its a reaction time test) 
d) the guy is distract by smt (if the values are getting worse and then good then 
it he is distracted) 
e) the student is left handed  
 
 
 
 
 
 
23. Small intestine water absorption consist of?  
it is a passive mechanism , osmotic force by electrolytes absorption & hydrostatic 
force 
 
 
 
 
 
24. nerve receptor?  
a) chemo  
b) thermos  
c) noci 
d) Exo/inro.. 
e) ​mechanoreceptor  
‘ 
 
 
25. Role of organic substance from pancreatic juice  
a)ph​ under 2  
b)ensure the alkaline (inorganic) 
c)activate trypsin  
 
6. Lung volumes Tv = 800 ….  
a) obstructive…  
b) … 
c) .. 
d) .. 
e) No pathological signb 
 
TLC=IRV+TV+ERC+RV 
IC= IRV(2500)+TV(500) 
FRC=ERC(1500)+RV(1500) 
TLC=5000-6000 
 
27. Glucose reabsorbed in kidney? 
a) proximal tubule 
 
28. which wave ventricle repolarization? 
- answer T wave ( was not in the alternative) 
- ST segment 
 
30. What component help the specific immunity?  
a) interferons  
b) lymph T CD4 cytotoxic  
c) lymph B humoral mediated  
d) Propurdin  
e) Lymph CD 8 helper  
 
31. Immunity mom breast?  
a) active  
b) natural  
c) passive  
d) specific  
e) artificial  
 
32. Parathormone function?  
a) osteoclast acivation 
b) Ca2+ elimination by kidneys 
c) Ca2+ released into blood 
d) Vitamin D 
e) Ca2+ absorption in intestines 
 
33. which one are not related?  
a) spleen 
 b) liver  
c) PTH 
d) Interstine  
e) Bone  
 
34. Inspiration..  
a) changing the diameters of the chest box 
b) increased intrapulmonary pressure (decrease would be right) 
c) additional energy concumption 
d) increase of lungs volume 
e) involvement of elastic fibers from the pulmonary parenchyma 
 
35. Inflammatory response (think they asked untrue) 
a) tissue swelling-true 
b) .. 
c) .. 
d) .. 
e) Functio lesa- true  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
36. Parasympathetic effect  
a)​decrease heart rate 
b)constriction of the pupiles 

 
 
 
37. Role of insulin on protein metabolism  
-->Protein synthesis  
 
 
 
 
 
 
38. Which substance blood can be removed…proximal tubules …  
a) potasium ions  
b) Na+ ions  
c) Cl- ions (distal NOT) 
d) Urea  
 e) None of above  
 
39. Aminoacids are reabsorbed where in renal level?  
a) proximal renal tubule  
b) distal  
c) loop of henle  
d) none reabsorbed in kidney  
e) ?  
 
40. blood type, ab filled in, b filled in, type a not filled in → choose incorrect 
statement 
a) have bloodtype A 
b) Have anti a cells in plasma  
c) have anti b cells in plasma  
d) …  
e) …  
 
41. Reflex arch (neuron order) 
Receptor , afferent , central nervous, efferent, effector 
 
42. Parotid gland 
A) 70% secretion(if 25 then correct !) 
B) final saliva is hypotonic 
C) acinus is primary serous 
D) myoepithelial cells are not there( they are there) 
E) something with exocrine? (it is an exocrine gland)  
 
43. The patient had thick voice…  
T4,T3, tSH 
A) ex? T3,t4 , low tSH 
B) ex? T3,t4, high tsh 
C) t3,t4 low, tsh low 
D)​ t3,t4 Low, tsh high 
 

 
 
 
44​. ​ False​ or​ correct​ statements about pulmonary respiration are: 
a) the compliance of the lung is lower at high lung volumes 
b) the compliance of the lung is volume independent V/P!!! 
c) total compliance of the lung is 0.1 L/mmHg( 0.1L / cm H20) 
d) the lung elasticity is 6 cmH2o/ml(bc its 5 cmH20) 
e) the static compliance of the lung is measures when no air flow occurs 
correct  
45. Which defense mechanism could​ not​ be part of the nonspecific category of 
immunity? 
a) Epithelial membranes that cover the body surfaces 
b) strong acidity of gastric juice (ph=1-2) 
c) phagocytosis ​ (​ Neutophils/monocytes) 
d) activity of B lymphocyte population 
e) activity of T lymphocyte population 
 
46​. ​Proteins involved in nonspecific immune responsse are:  
1) interferons 
2) histamine 
3) properdin 
4) reactive C protein 
5) lisosome(i​)f​ lysozyme than correct) 
 
47​. ​Regarding monocytes are true the following statements: 
a) represent the largest number of white blood cells 
b) they are the largest leucocytes 
c) a precentage in peripheral blood of 6%, corresponds to a state of monocytosis 
(maybe correct?) 
d) their number i​ncreases in parasitosis 
e) metamielocytes represent mature monocytes 
 
48. Regarding the inflammatory response, we could consider as a f​alse​ process the 
following: (don’t know if it was exactly this question but similar)  
 
a) tissue swelling is not a sign of inflammatory response 
b) mast cells secrete chemotactic agents that attracts lymphocytes B. 
macrophages secrete vasoactive material 
c) inflammatory response can be triggered by antibodies binding to surface of 
microorganisms 
d) pain is a typical inflammatory sign 
e) functio lesa  
 
 
 
 
 
49. A patient with fasting glycaemia of 105 mg/dl, Hb 10 mg/dl, associate the 
following signs: (Don’t know if value was the same but similar question)  
a) glycosuria (too much glucose in piss)  
b) polyuria (u pissing too much, cause of diabetis) 
c) polydipsia( excessive thirst) 
d) metabolic acidosis  
e) data not conclusive 
 
normal Hb values for women: 12-16 mg/dl 
 
50. Where does (Na I think) ​actively​ gets reabsorbed 
a) in descending loop of Henle 
b) In thick part of the ascending 
c) Proximal (not sure of the alternative)PASSIVE 
d) Distal ( ——I——) 
→ ​proximal renal tubule !, distal tubule, Loop of Henle)
 
 
51. Describing the wbc (granulocytes) Ex.63% with a segmented nucleus 40% 
purple granules, 4% big kidney shaped osv (learn all the facts about each of them), 
lymphocyte number was pathological, 
a) inflammation 
b) neutrophilia  
c) anemia  
d) lymphocytosis 
e)  
Cant put a diagnosis with this info 
 
52. Movements of the small bowel longitudinal muscle fibers?(digestive) 
a)tonic 
b)segmenation 
c)peristalis 
d)complex contraction 
e)swinnging contraction 
 
53.Which of the following does not stimulate gastric acid secretion? 
a)alcohol 
b)vision based conditioned reflex 
c)histamine 
d)acetylcholine 
e)food  
 
54) A girl gets a lab test from a drop of blood and the test result is WBC: 
5800/mm3(normal range 6000-8000 mm3) 
a)vallah shes fine 
b)shes under drugs 
c) cyanosis?! 
d)​ low quantity of WBC  
e)........