Mountain Vegetation:-

Area:-

 Eastern Himalayas ,Western Himalayas i.e. Kumaon Hills and Nilgiris.

 States: Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh , Uttar Pradesh , Uttarakhand, Kerala and Tamil
Nadu.

Characteristics:-

 Suitable for wildlife sanctuaries due to less rain, low temperature, and snowfall.
 The trees are mainly evergreen with needle shaped leaves, more wood and less leaves.

Climate and Rainfall Requirements:-

 Varies with height altitude from deciduous to coniferous
 Rainfall: 150-250 cm
 Temperature: less than 20 degree C or even colder.

Species and their uses:-

 Soft wood of conifers used for making paper , matches ,packing cases and planks.
 Deodar used for railway sleepers.
 Pine used for its resin ,turpentine ,varnishes and medicines.

Desert Vegetation:-
Area:-
 Drier parts of southern Punjab, Rajasthan and the Deccan Plateau states.

Characteristics:-
 Xerophytic forests, thornly bushes, scattered trees, deep roots, thick fleshy stems, few waxy
leaves.

Climate and Rainfall Requirements:-

 Rainfall: Less than 25 cm.
 Temperature: 25 degree C to 27 degree C.

Species and their uses:-

 Wild berries, cactii, Kika, Babool yields gum used for tanning hides and skins.
Tidal Vegetation:-
Area:-
 Found in areas flooded by sea water, eg. delta of Ganga -- Brahamaputra, Mahanadi, Krishna,
Godavari.
 States: West Bengal, Odisha and Andhra Pradesh/Telangana.

Characteristics:-
 Dense forests.
 Trees have stilt roots and penmafophores.

Climate and Rainfall requirements:-

 Rainfall: Over 200 cm.
 Temperature: Over 20 degree C.

Species and their uses:-

 Sundari is hard and durable, therefore used for boats, boxes and telephone posts.
 Casuina checks transgression of the sea and erosin along the coast.

Deciduous Vegetation:-
Area:-
 Extent from shivaliks in the North to eastern edge of Western Ghats N.E. Deccan Plateau,
Lower slopes of the Himalayas.
 States: Odisha, M.P., Bihar, T.N., Karnataka, Tripura , Assam ,U.P. Uttarakhand and Andhra
Pradesh/Telangana

Characteristics:-
 Deciduous forests commercially the most useful forests.
 Trees shed their leaves for 6 to 8 weeks in the hot weather.
 The deciduous forests are found in pure stands , hence they are ideal for lumbering and easy
to transport.

Climate and Rainfall requirements:-

 Rainfall: 150-200 cms.
 Temperature: 20 degree C.

Species and their uses:-

 Sal: Resistant to termites used for railway sleepers.
  Teak: It is termite-resistant and iran nails do not rust in teak. Used for furniture shipbuilding
and construction of houses.
 Sandalwood: It is used for oils, handicrafts, perfumes and soaps.
 Myrobalan: It is used for tanning of hides, dyeing of cotton, wood and silk.

Tropical Evergreen Vegetation:-

Area:-
 Windward side of the Western Ghat Garo-Khasi, Jantia Hills, Lower slopes of Eastern
Himalayas .
 Andaman and Nicobar islands.
 States: West Bengal, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Maharashtra.

Characteristics:-
 Dense forests, mixed stands, thick canopy, dense under-growth, also called rain forests.
 Evergreen forests are called as different species shed their leaves at different times and the
forests thus appear green always.

Climate and Rainfall requirements:-

 Rainfall: 200-300 cm High humidity.
 Temperature 25 degree to 27 degree C.

Species and their uses:-

 Rosewood, Ebony and Shisham used for making high quality furniture.
 Gurjan used in making railway sleepers and furniture.
 Toon, Ironwood and bamboo are the other trees found here.