Sec 3 Express Physics Application Test 2019 - Marking Scheme Deduct 1 m for s.f. Deduct 1 m for omission or wrong units ay) Anticlockwise moment 30 kg)(1O'N1RB*)(0.5 m) 150Nm Clockwise moment 10 kg) (LON kg™*)(0.75 m) + (4 kg)(101N KB-?) (4.25 m) 125Nm Netmoment = 150 Nm — 125 Nm = 25 Nm anticlockwise ‘Therefore the plank will rotate anticlockwise. [The M1 mark will not be awarded if the moments were calculated ‘without taking into consideration of the gravitational field strength, but can be awarded if the method to calculate moments was correct with a wrong quantity used.] [The B1 mark will not be awarded if the net moment was not calculated correctly.] —— M1 BL 1a)Cil) BL Tea)Gii) By the Principle of Moments, for the plank to be in equilibrium the sum of clockwise moment about the pivot must be equal to the sum of anticlockwise moment about the same pivot.” The box, when placed at the 1 m mark on(thé right sid@; will result in a 25 Nm clockwise moment that makes the net moment zero. BL BL |Ab) i) completely filed [completely empty | oo BL | | | [Attempt must be made to locate the geometrical centre of the completely filled can] L = 7 1G completely filled Bl | samebelghtas he weialt '1(6)(ii)_| When tilted 45°, ho RSFIETIR vapiedbenrsor aviv ta BI ween the cofner of the can and the table top, and | results ina clockwise moment that causes the can to topple clockwise. BI 1b)v) 1 BL 1e system)such that the entre of gravity lies withi# the base area when tilted 45° 2(@) Pressure = depth x density x gravitational field strength BL 20) After the air is pumped out, the pressure in the tube is zero. BL | ‘The atmospheric pressure will force the liquids to flow up the limbs BL | until an equilibrium position, Cwhete p - Pate? 20 Chloroform has a higher density of 1490 kg nm, and will therefore Bi | rise up toa smaller height for the same pressure difference. | | ‘Therefore liquid X is chloroform. BL | ia Rahae tiqurd will re wat | e fe \— Te PaitnaF Phe 7 Fy | {accept anywhere along the vacuum tube for L] 4 | [accept only the base of Liquid X for H] kecawoe Itqutd X & glensor at byse $f Tguxl esa tan 2) Pp=Po Preise : (he = lo) (Perioroform)(Q) = (ls — lo)(Pmecnyi)(9) (0.265 m ~ 0,050H)(1490 kg m~*) = (Ip ~ 0.050 'm)(801 kg m~*) by = 0.450 m AL | 3(a)(i) | Critical angle is the angle of gen an optically denser medium BL { for which the angle of refraction in the optically less dense medium is 3(a)(ii) | From Fig. 3.1c, we can measure i c= 25° [accept 24° to 26°) Al = 21 224 faccopt 23 to 25] AL ™ = Sine ~ sin 25°Mark E Qn Solutions || Allocation 3(a)(lii) | The diamond in Fig. 3.1c produces the brightest sparkle. The surface of |B this diamond is angled so that once light enters the diamond through the top surface, itis likely to undergo total internal reflection and not | ikely to leave from the other side (as diamond is not too steep). Less light refracts out from the bottom of the diamond and mainly BI leaves through the top surface, thus giving it the shiniest sparkling appearance. or ‘The diamond in Fig. 3.1b produces the brightest sparkle. The surface of | bi | this diamond is angled so that once light enters the diamond through the top surface, itis most likely to undergo total internal reflection. “Less light refracts out from the bottom of the diamond and mainly bi, leaves through the top surface, thus giving it the shiniest sparkling appearance. « Il 3(b)()__| In order for total internal reflection to take place, light must travel BL from an optically denser medium to an optically less dense medium. Since light travels from the core (X) to the cladding (Y), X must have Bi the higher refractive index of 1.5. 3(b)(ii) - n, sin 8, = nz sin, 4 1S sine = 1.2sin 90° c1 ¢=53.1° AL 3(b)(iii)_| This is to ensure that the total internal reflection occurs atawell- | B1 defined boundary that does not change depending on the position of the fibre / The layer of cladding provides protection for the core.