1.

From Analysis to Synthesis –

This principle talks about moving from small parts to the whole.
Analysis is done when we divide a thing into easy parts or separate
elements in order to understand it easily. Whereas, Synthesis is the
opposite of Analysis as it means the grouping of these separated
parts into one complete whole
A complex problem when divided into different parts can be
understood better and easily.

Example- While teaching about sentences, the learners should be

first taught the various parts of a sentence such as noun, pronoun,
adjective. Later, they will be able to understand the synthesis of a
sentence.

While teaching a story or a lesson, it is always better to explain in

parts rather than the whole story in one go. When the learner is
able to understand these parts, he will understand the lesson in a
better way.

Even when explaining a poem, the teacher should always start

paragraph- wise only then the actual meaning of the poem will
come out.

2. Near to Afar-
While teaching a learner about any topic, it is always better to provide
him with examples from his immediate environment. This will not only
make the teaching learning process smooth but the learner will be able to
relate better with his surroundings. Any educator should start from the
near and then later move to afar surrounding or objects once the base of
the child starts building.

Example- When teaching about nouns, the teacher should first start by
giving examples which are the closest or can be seen by the child around
him. As the child understands, examples from various areas can be
included. This not only helps the child to relate better with the topic but
also understands more quickly.
From the classroom itself, the teacher can pick various examples of
proper and common nouns and make the learner understand.
When students are given examples from which they can relate personally
as well, they are able to remember it for a longer time