Final Term Project

Submitted by:
Areej Saher Kayani (F2017001007)

Submitted to:
Sir Muhammad Nawaz Gill

Subject:
Airport Design & Development

Institute of Aviation Studies

University of Management and Technology, Lahore
21st, Feb, 2021
Passengers dwell time at the airport. Reason of prolonged dwell time and the
responsible factors & aspects affecting dwell time. How passengers dwell time may be
capitalized for enhancing per passenger spending at the airport refer to industry best
practices.

1-Passengers dwell time at the airport

Dwell time is defined as the passengers' length of stay in the airport terminal before boarding
the aircraft, amount of time people spend waiting for something, such as departure of flight
etc, and therefore the length of time they are likely to spend doing things while they wait,
such as  buying food, shopping etc. Dwell time is the passenger’s time spent in an area
featuring shops and restaurants. In most airports, this area is physically located behind
security screening, and before the boarding areas, where passengers queue up to board their
plane.

2-Reason of prolonged dwell time

Find parking, find a baggage cart, find the correct departure terminal, find the check-in desk,
fears of longer queues, each step in this journey through the airport leaves an impression on
the passenger either it is good, not so good, frustrating, stressing, or exciting etc. From wait,
times to parking and shopping facilities, the atmosphere created by the mix of services and
facilities in an airport can greatly impact the economics of the airport and passenger
satisfaction, passenger’s airport experience and strongly influence their future choice of
airport. A more satisfied passenger experience can lead to increased revenue generation.
Dwell time in a retail area of an airport is an important determinant of airport sales.
Prolonged dwell time in the retail area has a high influence on their likelihood to buy
something and total expenditure, partly because the likelihood for impulse shopping increases
with the number of products and offers customers look at, but also because shopping can be
an activity done to ‘kill time’. Longer dwell time can boost the consumption of Food &
Beverage product in the airport.

3-Responsible factors & aspects affecting dwell time

 The first passenger through check-in has more retail time opportunity and the last
passenger through check-in has less retail time opportunity.
 Slow check-in, security and outbound immigration reduce the dwell time opportunity
in the retail shopping area. This is actually a difficult balance to achieve.
 Excessively early announcements asking passengers to proceed to the gate lounge
reduce retail dwell opportunity.
 The location of concession, shops and other commercial activities can have a
significant impact on the passenger’s dwell time. If each shop is located at long
walking distance from each other or from departure lounge, less time is allowed for
dwell time (shopping activities).
  With airline, delays increasing passenger dwell time in terminals, it is in the financial
self-interest of airports to serve up appealing distractions. Increasing passenger’s
dwell time’ by holding passengers in certain areas to boost the spending before
passengers move to their boarding area.

4-How passengers dwell time may be capitalized for enhancing per passenger spending
at the airport
The airport terminal building performs various functions at one place therefore special
attention must be paid in the development of terminal design and its layout. Terminal
building should be capable to cater all the basic operational need of the airport and passenger
as well. Special considerations should be made to provide comfort to passengers during their
stay at the airport and also increase their spending during this time to increase the non-
aeronautical revenue generated by the airport.
The user friendly passenger terminal design configuration helps in capitalizing passengers
dwell time to improve per passenger spending and increase non aeronautical revenue. So the
more airport terminal design reduces anxiety and uncertainty among airport customers, the
more customers are open to the idea of exploring food service and retail offerings, resulting
in increased sales and ultimately, additional revenue. The relation between the passenger
satisfaction and non-aeronautical revenue is has a great potential like design factors, airport
characteristics & terminal design and planning has a great impression on passenger
experience.

5-Following are some ways that may help capitalizing passenger dwell time
Passenger sitting areas and their accessibility shall be enhanced because passengers prefer
comfortable sitting area with the restaurants and coffee shops nearby while waiting for their
flight. This will increase the passenger spending as majority of passengers prefer to spend on
snacks while waiting for their flight.
Location of Concessionaries and food outlets should be located near the departure gates
with less walking so that they are easily accessible by the passengers and may increase dwell
time at the airport, which in turn will enhance airport revenue.
Membership card of terminal can be given to frequently flying passengers so that they
may avail all premium facilities or customized services at a fixed monthly charge. This will
increase revenue of the airport.
Car parking should be located near to the terminals to encourage the passengers to park his /
her car there so that the walking distance may be reduced and more dwell time will be
available. This will also increase airport revenue.
Special facilities such as internet connections can be offered to passengers in food outlets
with the advertisements of their shops or outlets. This will encourage them to come to the
food outlet and purchase some sort of snacks while waiting for the flight.