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Ductdesign Class Materialpdf
Ductdesign Class Materialpdf
BLAST AREA
Baffle Plate DISCHARGE
DUCT
CUT OFF OUTLET AREA
25%
INLET
COLLER 50%
75%
FAN HOUSING
CENTRIFUGAL 100% EFFECTIVE DUCT LENGTH
Don’t Do’s
An upward elbow just after the blower outlet First Elbow should be after three times the
blower diameter
3xD
Don’t Do’s
Flexible Connection Flexible Connection
No Beam !!
IDU IDU
A Duct can be described as a device used to provide an isolation path to carry an item
from one place to other place without bringing the product in contact with the
SUPPLY
GRILL
FRESH
AIR DUCT
FILTER
The major purpose of a duct is to carry the air from one point to the other without bringing
it in contact with the outside atmosphere. This can be either Supply Air or Return Air
Supply Air It is defined as the conditioned air being supplied from the air conditioner
outlet. This air is treated air & contains all the desired qualities as provided by the air
conditioning system
Return Air It is defined as the air being supplied back to the air conditioner from the
air conditioned area. This air is returned back to the air conditioner after being circulated in
Return air path should be 1.25 to 1.5 times the Supply air path
Fresh Air It is defined as the ambient air being supplied to the air conditioner
inlet from the outside atmosphere. This air is supplied to the air conditioner inlet from the
• Total Pressure
• Static Pressure
• Velocity Pressure
Static Pressure
+ve Ps
-ve Ps
The Pressure due to velocity of the air flowing in a duct is termed as Velocity
Height
h
Widt
2 Feet
t
et 4 Feet ee
1 Feet
4F
e
1 Feet 8F
16 Feet 20 Feet
1F 1F
4F 8F 2F
For 1 Feet Length of the Duct For 1 Feet Length of the Duct
Surface Area of the Contact between duct and air Surface Area of the Contact between duct and air
> Lowest Friction > Less Friction as compare to > Height Required to install the
rectangular duct rectangular duct is less.
> Less material required for
fabrication. > Less material required for > Easy to fabricate at site.
fabrication as compared to
Disadvantages : rectangular duct. Disadvantages :
> Height Required to install round Disadvantages : > Friction is more in rectangular duct
Duct is more. as compared to round and square
> Height Required to install square duct.
> Fabrication time is more. Duct is more as compared to
Rectangular Duct.
Grill Velocities
Max. Permissible grill velocity 450 fpm
Private Offices, Directors Rooms, Libraries 1200 1400 1100 1200 1000
General Offices, High Class Restaurants, High 1500 1600 1300 1200 1000
Class Stores, Banks
Equal Friction In this method ducts are sized for a constant pressure loss
(Generally Used per unit length.
Method)
For rectangular duct the recommended unit friction rate is
0.08 to 0.1 in. Aq for 100 feet length of the duct. The
Maximum limit is 0.12 in. Aq for 100 feet length of the duct.
Static Regain The objective of static regain method is to obtain the same
static pressure at diverging flow junctions by changing
down stream duct sizes.
4. NO DRAFTS / SUFFOCATION
5. APPEARANCE
6. ADJUSTABLE
9. FRICTION LOSS
Problem : -
The supply ductwork and air quantities for each diffuser for an office space is shown
in figure on next page.
Size the ductwork by the equal - friction method and Calculate the pressure drop.
The maximum height of the duct can be 16 inches ( the distance between the true
ceiling and false ceiling is 24 inches )
A
1 5
Total Air Quantity = 3400 cfm 10 Ft. 900 CFM 10 Ft. 900 CFM
IN
22
3400 3400
CFM 13 CFM 13
00 00
FP FP
M M
Step 3 : Vertical line from the point of intersection will give Step 5 : The diameter at any other section can be calculated by
the unit friction rate line which is constant for intersection point of particular CFM and constant friction
whole length of the duct. line.
IN IN
22 22
3400 3400
CFM 13 CFM 13
00 00
FP FP
M M
Step 7 : Convert the round duct size to rectangular duct by using Table 3,4 & 5.
Table 1 :
** A - B ** B - C 3400 22 26 x 16
C-D D-5 1700 17 16 x 16
C -1 1700 17 16 x 16
1-2 5-6 1300 15.2 16 x 12
2-3 6-7 900 13.3 16 x 9
3-4 7-8 500 10.8 16 x 6
Notes :-
Step 9 : Add the length of the longest duct run and equivalent length for elbows.
Table 2 :
Friction Rate = 0.1 in. Aq. Per 100 Feet of equivalent length
2 2)
Regain = Regain Coefficient / 100 x( ( Velocity in initial Section / 4000 ) - ( Velocity in last Section / 4000 )
2
60 / 100 x( ( 1300 / 4000 ) - ( 805 / 4000 ) 2)
Side Side
Dimensions in Inches
Rectangular Rectangular
Duct 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 22 24 26 28 30 Duct
52 17.0 18.7 20.2 21.6 23.1 24.4 25.6 26.8 28.1 29.2 30.3 31.4 32.4 33.4 34.3 36.2 28.0 39.6 41.2 42.8 52
54 17.3 19.0 20.5 22.0 23.4 24.8 26.1 27.3 28.5 29.7 30.8 31.9 32.9 33.9 34.9 36.8 38.7 40.3 42.0 43.6 54
56 17.6 19.3 20.9 22.4 23.8 25.2 26.5 27.7 28.9 30.1 31.2 32.4 33.4 34.5 35.5 37.4 39.3 41.0 42.7 44.3 56
58 17.8 19.5 21.1 22.7 24.2 25.5 26.9 28.2 29.3 30.5 31.7 32.9 33.9 35.0 36.0 38.0 39.8 41.7 43.4 45.0 58
60 18.1 19.8 21.4 23.0 24.5 25.8 27.3 28.7 29.8 31.0 32.2 33.4 34.5 35.5 36.5 38.6 40.4 42.3 44.0 45.8 60
62 18.3 20.1 21.7 23.3 24.8 26.2 27.6 29.0 30.2 31.4 32.6 33.8 35.0 36.0 37.1 39.2 41.0 42.9 44.7 46.5 62
64 18.6 20.3 22.0 23.6 25.2 26.5 27.9 29.3 30.6 31.8 33.1 34.2 35.5 36.5 37.6 39.7 41.6 43.5 45.4 47.2 64
66 18.8 20.6 22.3 23.9 25.5 26.9 28.3 29.7 31.0 32.2 33.5 34.7 35.9 37.0 38.1 40.2 42.2 44.1 46.0 47.8 66
68 19.0 20.8 22.5 24.2 25.8 27.3 28.7 30.1 31.4 32.6 33.9 35.1 36.3 37.5 38.6 40.7 42.8 44.7 46.6 48.4 68
70 19.2 21.0 22.8 24.5 26.1 27.6 29.1 30.4 31.8 33.1 34.3 35.6 36.8 37.9 39.1 41.3 43.3 45.3 47.2 49 70
72 39.6 41.8 43.8 45.9 47.8 49.7 72
74 40.0 42.3 44.4 46.4 48.4 50.3 74
76 40.5 42.8 44.9 47.0 49.0 50.8 76
78 40.9 43.3 45.5 47.5 49.5 51.5 78
80 41.3 43.8 46.0 48.0 50.1 52.0 80
82 41.8 44.2 46.4 48.6 50.6 52.6 82
84 42.2 44.6 46.9 49.2 51.1 53.2 84
86 42.6 45.0 47.4 49.6 51.6 53.7 86
88 43.0 45.4 47.9 50.1 52.2 54.3 88
90 43.4 45.9 48.3 50.6 52.8 54.8 90
92 43.8 46.3 48.7 51.1 53.4 55.4 92
96 44.6 47.2 49.5 52.0 54.4 56.3 96
6
7
Components of Ducting
Supply
Where : -
Grilles Diffusers
Grilles are preferred for side throw. Diffusers are preferred for downward
throw.
Free Area is 55% of Total Area of grilles Free Area is 75% of Total Area of diffusers
Velocity of Air at grill is 450 fpm Velocity of Air at diffusers is 450 fpm
Q= AxV Q= AxV
Turning Vanes are used to reduce air pressure Number of splitter depends on the width of the
loss. elbow.
Number of
W ( mm )
Splitters
Upto 500 1
Upto 1000 2
Over 1000 3
30 ~ 45 Degree
30 Degree
Transition Ducts are part of main duct which are used to connect duct of one size
or shape to another size or shape.
Don’t Do’s
Usually we take care of Supply Ducting or Wall
Supply path,
Front View
Wall
Minimum Clearance H
Disadvantages :
Don’t Do’s
Duct With No Cross Braking Cross Braking after every 4 Feet
Cross Braking
4 Feet 4 Feet
Don’t Do’s
No Bracing and width of the duct is more than Bracing should be done all around the duct from
750mm. outside when width of the duct is more than 750mm
to provide strength to the duct.
MS Bracing
8 Feet
4 Feet 4 Feet
A
Breathing of the Duct - Results in Noise No Breathing Noise
Don’t Do’s
No insulation between Duct and Support Neoprene pad insulation Between Duct and
Support
Duct Duct
MS Angle MS Angle
Support Support
Metal to Metal contact may lead to Noise No metal to metal contact so less noise
Don’t Do’s
Grill Grill
2 or 3 inch duct
connection TOP VIEW
Grill
TOP VIEW
Don’t Do’s
W W
Collar Collar
Shoe Piece
H
45
Don’t Do’s
4 in.
Grill Grill
4 in.
Very Less Air More Air
Don’t Do’s
6 in.
Don’t Do’s
FAIR
POOR
BEST
POOR
FAIR
FAIR
POOR POOR
Air Throw should not be from Back or from bottom Air Throw should be from front