Introduction

Numerous nations including Bangladesh have been ruthlessly influenced by the COVID-19,
furthermore from the nation lacking dependable wellbeing foundations and because of its
dense population, lockdown has become a need. This prompted a stop in all monetary
exercises alongside closing down academic institutions from March 18, 2020, making 3.7
million Students stay at home, this fundamentally affects Students in light of the fact that other
than giving academic institution, scholarly organization assumes a rising part by offering
Students a chance to impart and communicate with educators and classmates improving their
psychological prosperity and better learning.

Following the identification of first COVID-19 case on March 8, 2020 (The Daily Star),
Bangladesh like numerous different nations put the lockdown methodology into impact on
March 26, 2020, to guarantee 'social distance' through 'home isolate' to control the 'spread'
among its populace (Bhuiyan AKMI, Sakib N, Pakpour AH, Griffiths MD, Mamun MA), since an exact
treatment or antibody for the tainted and individuals in danger are yet to accomplished by the
worldwide wellbeing local area (Dong L, Hu S, Gao J; Bai Y, Yao L, Wei T, Tian F, Jin D-Y, Chen L,
et al. ). Be that as it may, all schooling organizations were shut at first from March 18 to March
31, 2020 the nation over and later stretched out to the mid of June 2020 in stages (Dhaka
Tribune.; United News of Bangladesh)

An earlier report detailed significant degrees of moderate to amazingly extreme depression

(52.2%), Anxiety (58.1%), and stress (24.9%) during pre-COVID-19 periods among university
students in Bangladesh, (Islam et al, 2020). Because of lockdown, swarmed urban areas like
Dhaka city can present extreme circumstances in regards to psychological wellness. Worrying
about COVID-19 and its vulnerability, education and future profession, is prompting poor
mental health and can bring about suicidal and other unwanted practices, in this manner,
understanding COVID-19's effect on university Students' psychological prosperity status in
Bangladesh is turning into a major circumstance to consider, since they are particularly
defenseless to determine mental prosperity issues.

As the obvious consequences for mental and actual prosperity of university students, the
interconnection of dread, segregation to causing serious tension and despondency prompting
numerous habit-forming practices just as ending it all which is seen to be because of the
absence of mindfulness. Be that as it may, an overall circumstance has been investigated
where the exploration strategy can't gain admittance to individuals who are therapeutically
determined to have uneasiness indications because of the restrictions of the COVID-19
circumstance just as the absence of data, since in Bangladesh these manifestations are not
really perceived as medical problems by the overall population. Hence, results may not
completely mirror the genuine seriousness of and uneasiness manifestations among students
with realities.

This exploration will lead a forthcoming report on similar gathering of members with devices
grew particularly for the COVID-19 pandemic, for example, the Covid-19 Tension scale (CTS)
inside a time of four months to convey a substantial finding and to work with the interest for
an engaged general wellbeing drive.
Objective
The Study will observe on understanding the profundity of and stress on the seriousness of
anxiety symptoms among the student of universities in Dhaka.

Research Questions
1. Comparison of anxiety occurring in students before and after COVID

2. Underlying causes of anxiety due to COVID-19 situation

3. How may the situation further impact in the students’ life in near future?

4. What steps have been taken to minimize the impact of anxiety and COVID-19?

Literature Review
Since the episode, epidemiological information in Bangladesh has uncovered that emotional
well-being issues because of the COVID-19 pandemic and mass disengagement are
noticeable (Ahmed et al. 2020b; Mamun et al. 2020). Almost immediately in the pandemic, one
contributing element to these emotional well-being suggestions for Bangladeshis was
discovered to be dread (Sakib et al. 2020). Studies have emphasized that COVID-19 related
concerns and fears for Bangladeshi examples are related with expanded COVID-19
uneasiness, summed up nervousness, sorrow, and lower mental prosperity (Ahmed et al.
2020a; Al Banna et al. 2020; Faisal et al. 2020; Zubayer et al. 2020). Along these lines, through and
through, appearing somewhat what the pandemic can mean for Bangladeshis mentally.

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the mental and enthusiastic effect is
additionally obvious. Its development and spread make a great deal of worry for individuals
prompting expanded degrees of depression (Roy et al., 2020). Coronavirus emergency an
affects the setting of Bangladesh Education. Classes were deferred because of lockdown.
Most of schools and colleges likewise confronted current difficulties with virtual learning
(Talidong and Toquero, 2020). Specifically, Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) are incited to
set up administration approaches with respect to pandemics to empower positive wellbeing
conduct among understudies (Akan et al., 2010).

All things considered, tertiary level Students might be particularly powerless against COVID-
19's mental effect since they are in the change phases of their academic and professional
lives and overall have been inclined to encounter undeniable degrees of stress, uneasiness,
and depression (APA 2013; Craven 2020; Zivin et al. 2009). These overall psychological well-
being impacts for Students have additionally been found among Bangladeshi students —
showing that they experience undeniable degrees of stress and discouragement than grown-
ups (Mamun et al. 2019) . Inside the pandemic setting, Khan et al. (2020b) noticed that
Bangladeshi university Students would explicitly be an affected gathering, because of these
standard disturbances achieved by COVID-19.

As a piece of checking the spread of COVID-19 in its starting months, instructive

establishments in Bangladesh shut, so Students not, at this point had the feeling of soundness
and incitement offered by that local area, and had less freedom to be with their companions
and have the social help that is vital for acceptable emotional wellness (WHO 2020). On March
18, 2020, when there were just eight announced cases in Bangladesh, every one of the
instructive foundations were shut by the public authority for the rest of the month, until
additional notification (UNICEF 2020). Quarters of state funded colleges in which spatial
separating couldn't be safeguarded have stayed shut for the wellbeing of their inhabitants.
Generally speaking, this interference, welcomed on by the pandemic, of ordinary day by day
activities had effectively been found to cause pressure and nervousness (Ansari and
Yousefabad 2020) and students are no exemption for these effects (Khan et al. 2020b).

Although the intense effect of the pandemic on students' mental prosperity has been affirmed
in the writing, the majority of the accessible examinations are cross-sectional. Until this point
in time, scarcely any longitudinal investigations have investigated side effects of uneasiness
among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Discoveries on changes in tension
levels are blended. One examination (Li et al., 2020) noticed a lessening in side effects of
depression and anxiety following fourteen days of repression measures to limit spread of the
Covid-19, though two investigations (Elmer et al., 2020; Zimmermann et al., 2020a) showed an
increment in the seriousness of anxiety.

There are a plenty of variables that clarify how university Students can confront explicit
troubles and constraints through e-learning and in this way putting them in an unpleasant
learning experience.6, 7 University Students are distinctively helpless to creating pressure
problem and sorrow and the potential outcomes of such ramifications are required to fill in the
hours of COVID-19 isolate due to the mentally challenges conditions that they are confronted
with each day.8 Such Students will need fundamental motivations for their movement in their
schooling or profession. During isolate, social disconnection and decreased action can
heighten dawdling and sensations of uselessness. The conditions may worsen nervousness
and wretchedness naturally. The screen creates a serious confinement that makes it trying for
some people to participate in to and discussion so it is practically difficult to have valuable
contribution without seeming as though you're talking through a vacuum.9 Financial
obstructions can likewise hinder their admittance to advances that will be utilized with the goal
for them to stay aware of their learning online.10 In Lebanon, infrastructural factors, for
example, the power and telecom shortfall have been accounted for to be a critical boundary
to e-learning.

Students are being confronted with a significant extraordinary reality where the financial,
political and wellbeing conditions are presenting arduous difficulties to their social soundness
and thusly their expert turn of events. Anyway no examination has been introduced already
that inspects the Bangladesh student’s insight with stringently select e-picking up during the
hours of pandemic and financial downturn. Subsequently, this examination targets assessing
the pervasiveness of sadness, nervousness, and stress symptomatology among Bangladesh
university students during the COVID-19 isolate. (Fawaz, M., & Samaha, A. 2021, January)

Considering the abovementioned, the principal point of the current investigation is to build
information on the course of manifestations of depression in university students of Dhaka
during the COVID-19 episode. This issue merits more consideration, as past examinations
discovered cozy connections between mental misery, poor academic performance, and
results (Tartas et al., 2011; Raskind et al., 2019). In addition, symptoms of anxiety can prompt
later unfriendly psychological wellness results and decreased personal satisfaction ( Fichter et
al., 2010; Kasteenpohja et al., 2018). We theorized that depression symptoms in University
Students were higher when every day COVID-19 cases and passing’s were continually
expanding (i.e., at T0) than when they were diminishing (i.e., at T1). The second point of our
investigation was to investigate a wide scope of individual and relevant variables to recognize
hazard and defensive elements in tension during the pandemic.

The examination is to research the commonness of psychological wellness issues among

university students in Bangladesh in Bangladesh during isolation and investigates hazard and
defensive components. Three areas of mental indications will be reviewed, including anxiety,
traumatic stress, and depression. A few segment and relevant variables will be investigated
as indication associates, including financial status, as COVID-19 has lopsidedly affected
families from low-pay foundations and monetary difficulty may influence psychological
wellness (Ahmed F, Ahmed N, Pissarides C, Stiglitz J.)

Conceptual Framework
We fostered an applied system both on the current proof and well as hypothetical credibility of
emotional well-being ramifications of COVID 19 pandemic and its reaction (Figure 1).

Figure 1. Conceptual framework of psychological health issues during COVID-19, its risk factors and
causes;

While, the actual illness has imparted a feeling of dread among Students, individuals with
COVID 19 and populace everywhere, this impact has been enhanced by the abuse of web-
based media which has prompted an Infodemic ( Orso et al., 2020; Vaezi and Javanmard, 2019).
The dread because of infection could influence the populace when all is said in done while it
can have an accelerating impact of mental status of individuals with existing emotional
wellness conditions. The reaction to pandemic has prompted a total or incomplete limitation
of development in numerous nations. 'Lockdown', closure of universities and other educational
institution can altogether affect emotional well-being because of changes in daily routine,
social isolation in Students, prevalently in University Students, and Students with existing
psychological well-being conditions. Thus the model show the relationship and relate the
things that causes anxiety depression and stress of university students during covid-19
pandemic

Methodology
Population
Students enrolled on various public and private universities inside Dhaka city is the target
population. Information will be drawn from an online survey. A straightforward questionnaire
will be utilized to gather 'fundamental data’, about ' depression,' and anxiety’ related data.
University students from Dhaka divisions in Bangladesh will be reached through email and
social networks.

Sampling Techniques
To collect data from students the snowball sampling techniques will be used for the study and
estimated sample size is approximately 500 university students. An informed form will be
attached to the e-questionnaire. The participants will be asked to share the e-questionnaire
with their friends using their personal and institutional Facebook and Messenger.

Study Variables
Dependent Variable: The level off anxiety, depression and stress of university students is our
dependent variable

Independent Variable: Socio-demographic characteristics like age, gender, field of study,

marital status, family support, family wealth condition, knowledge, residence, religion, family
size etc. are some independent variable

Measures
Basic information.

Basic Information contained all personal information regarding to measure respondents. Such
as

 The age of the students (‘18–20’, ‘21–24’, ‘>24’)

 If the student is ‘lagging behind study’ (‘yes’ or ‘no’),
 Weather the student is doing ‘exercise during lockdown’ (‘yes’ or ‘no’),
 If the Student did ‘tuition’ before the lockdown (‘yes’ or ‘no’),
 The gender of the student (‘male’ or ‘female’),
 Place of residence of students (‘rural’ or ‘urban’),
 If the student is ‘living with family’ during lockdown (‘yes’ or ‘no’).

Depression

Depression can be determined by the Patient Health Questionnaire and which is called PHQ-
9. So, we can measure the level of depression using the PHQ-9. PHQ-9 is very simple method
to use in a poll for screening depression of the reactions that are utilized to foresee melancholy
of an individual and what state he/she is in during the study.

It's anything but an evaluating device for depression however it is utilized to screen the
seriousness of misery and reaction to treatment. Nonetheless, it very well may be utilized to
make a speculative analysis in at-risk populations - eg, those with coronary illness or after
stroke (Haddad M, Walters P, Phillips R, et al ) The scores in PHQ-9 range from '0 = not at all’ to
'3 = nearly every day' (Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB).

Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) sample

1. Little interest or pleasure in doing things? “Not at all several days”, “More than half the
days”, “Nearly every day”
2. Feeling down, depressed, or hopeless? “Not at all several days”, “More than half the
days”, “Nearly every day”
3. Trouble falling or staying asleep, or sleeping too much? “Not at all several days”, “More
than half the days”, “Nearly every day”
4. Feeling tired or having little energy? “Not at all several days”, “More than half the days”,
“Nearly every day”
5. Poor appetite or overeating? “Not at all several days”, “More than half the days”, “Nearly
every day”
6. Trouble concentrating on things, such as reading the newspaper or watching television?
“Not at all several days”, “More than half the days”, “Nearly every day”

Anxiety

Anxiety of students will be measured using Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7). In the poll,
the inquiries will be utilized for screening tension condition of a person on a scale going from
'0 = not at all' to '3 = nearly every day (Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JBW, Löwe B). GAD 7 has
been found effective in recognizing anxiety among various population and in this way utilized
for its dependability (Hossain S, Anjum A, Uddin ME, Rahman MA, Hossain MF).

GAD-7 (General Anxiety Disorder-7) Questionnaire Sample

1. Feeling nervous, anxious, or on edge - “Not at all several days”, “More than half the days”,
“Nearly every day”
2. Not being able to stop or control worrying -“Not at all several days”, “More than half the
days”, “Nearly every day”
3. Worrying too much about different things - “Not at all several days”, “More than half the
days”, “Nearly every day”
4. Being so restless that it's hard to sit still- “Not at all several days”, “More than half the
days”, “Nearly every day”
5. Feeling afraid as if something awful might happen “Not at all several days”, “More than
half the days”, “Nearly every day”

Statistical analysis
Frequency tabulation can be utilized to sum up fundamental data of respondents, just as their
reaction to depression and anxiety and Binary logistic regression(Hosmer DW, Lemeshow S)
can be utilized to recognize factors impacting depression and anxiety among students by
 ordering the result variable into two classifications, i.e., discouraged = 'yes' and 'no' and
restless = 'yes' and 'no,' which would give a more clear thought regarding what seriously
various components are meaning for the results.

Work Plan (1 June 2021 – 30 September 2021)

The estimated time for the study is approximately four months. The complete timeline for the
study is given in Table 1

Activities June July August September

1. Select study site

2. Identify the population and calculate the

sample

3. Develop a survey questionnaire

4. Test the survey questionnaire

5. Finalize the survey questionnaire

6. Conduct the survey / Data collection

7. Enter data

8. Analyze data

9. Prepare Research Report

10. Submit draft Research Report

11. Submit final Research Report

Table: 1 Work plan for the study to be conducted by the research team
Resource Required
Activities Calculation Total Cost (TK)
Human Resource Research Assistant and one 4000 x 2 = TK8000
data emulator will be hired
for 2 month
Communication Mobile Bills, Internet Bills 2000
Logistics Paper, pen , meeting cost, 3000
printing and publishing cost
Total: TK13000

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