NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, ROURKELA – 769008

Course ID: HS 1317

Introduction to the Metaphysics of

Sanskrit Language

COURSE CO-ORDINATOR: PROF. SURABHI VERMA

© Dr. Surabhi Verma 1

 GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
• FOR WRITING IN DEVANAGRI SCRIPT-
➢ Download BARAHA software from the link below to
type in Devanagri font.
http://www.baraha.com/
➢ You have to use this softwre for typing in devanagri
script in your assignments. (Baraha pad)

• FOR TYPING IN ROMAN SCRIPT-

➢ For inserting the symbols of IAST – go to the insert
option in MS word and click on symbols. Then select
the specific symbol.
Ex- ā, ū, ṅ, ṃ, ḥ, ṛ, ś, ñ, ṣ, Ā, ī
© Dr. Surabhi Verma 2
 Transliteration
SECTIONS-
▪ Symbols used for writing Sanskrit words in
Roman (IAST)
▪ Transliteration of the Sanskrit words
▪ Transliteration of śloka
▪ Transliteration of Paragraph.

© Dr. Surabhi Verma 3

 IAST
• INTERNATIONAL ALPHABET SANSKRIT TRANSLITERATION

• SOME SYMBOLS ARE USED TO WRITE SANSKRIT WORDS IN

ROMAN, THIS IS KNOWN AS ROMANIZATION OF INDIAN
SCRIPTS OR IN GENERAL “TRANSLITERATION”

• Through this we just change the script of writing but the

meaning of the original word remains preserved.
© Dr. Surabhi Verma 4
 Symbols used for writing Sanskrit words in Roman
(IAST)
• VOWELS-
• अ =a • ए=e
• आ=ā • ऐ = ai ऋ = ṛ
ॠ = ṝ
• इ=i • ओ =o
लृ = ḷ
• ई=ī • औ =au लॄ = ḹ
• उ =u • अं = ṁ/ṃ
• ऊ =ū • अ: =ḥ
© Dr. Surabhi Verma 5
 Symbols used for writing Sanskrit
words in Roman (IAST)
• CONSONANTS
• क् = k • ट् = ṭ प ्= p
ख ् = kh ठ् = ṭh श ्= ś
• • फ् = ph
• ग ्= g • ड् = ḍ स ् =s
ब ्= b
• घ ् = gh • ढ् = ḍh ष ्= ṣ
ण ्= ṇ
भ ् = bh
• ङ् = ṅ • ह् = h
च ्= c त ्= t म ्= m
• • क्ष् = kṣ
छ् = ch • थ ् = th य ्= y
• त्र ् =tr
• ज ्= j • द् = d व ्= v
ज्ञ् =jñ
• झ ् = jh • ध ् =dh र् = r
• ञ ्= ñ • न ् =n ल ्= l
© Dr. Surabhi Verma 6
 SPECIAL SYMBOLS
• | / || = .
• , = ,
• ; = ;
• ?=?
• ऽ =‘

© Dr. Surabhi Verma 7

 Now we will do Transliteration
(Joining of consonant and vowel)

© Dr. Surabhi Verma 8

Examples:
• क् (k) + अ (a) = क ( ka)
• क् (k) +आ (ā) = का (kā )
• ख ् (kh) + अ (a) = ख (kha)
• ख ् (kh) + आ (ā) = खा (khā)
• ग ् (g) + अ (a) = ग (ga )
• ग ् (g) + आ (ā) = गा (gā)

© Dr. Surabhi Verma 9

Examples:
• घ ् (gh) + अ (a) = घ (gha)
• घ ् (gh) + आ (ā) = घा (ghā)
• ङ् (ṅ) + अ (a) = ङ (ṅa)
• ङ् (ṅ) + आ (ā) = ङा ( ṅā)

© Dr. Surabhi Verma 10

 Transliteration of the Sanskrit words
• EXAMPLES-
1. भास्वती = bhāsvatī
2. वशिष्ठ = vaśiṣṭha
3. सूर्य शसद्धान्त = sūrya siddhānta
4. मशिपुर = maṇipura
5. रमन्ते = ramante
6. र्ावत् = yāvat
7. गशमष्र्शत = gamiṣyati

© Dr. Surabhi Verma 11

Transliteration of the Sanskrit words
• EXAMPLES-
1. वैष्िव = vaiṣṇava
2. मुहुतयमातयण्ड = muhurtamārtaṇda
3. वैदिक = vaidika
4. ज्र्ोशतष = jyotiṣa
5. क्षशिर् = kṣatriya
6. ज्ञान = jñāna
7. संस्कृ त = saṁskṛta
8. शिल्प = śilpa

© Dr. Surabhi Verma 12

 Transliteration of Paragraph
• र्था च महाकवे: काशििासस्र् शवशभन्नासु कृ शतषु शस्थतस्र्
प्रकृ शतशचििस्र् िियनेन स्पृष्टं अशस्त, तस्र् ह्रिर्े प्रकृ शतम्
प्रशत अगाध प्रेम: अशस्त । प्रधानतर्ा सौन्िर्ायन्वेषक: कशव:
सन् स: र्ि मानवसौन्िर्यस्र् शनरीक्षिं कृ तवान् ति स:
प्रकृ शतसौन्िर्यस्र् अशप अन्वेषिम् कु वयन् वतयते स्म: ।

• Yathā ca mahākaveḥ kālidāsasya vibhinnāsu kṛtiṣu

sthitasya prakṛticitraṇasya darśanena spṛṣṭaṃ asti,
tasya hṛdaye prakṛtim prati agādha premaḥ asti.
Pradhānatayā saundaryānveṣakaḥ kaviḥ san saḥ
yatra mānavasaundaryasya nirīkṣaṇaṃ kṛtvān tatra
saḥ prakṛtisaundaryasya api anveṣaṇam kurvan
vartate smaḥ.
© Dr. Surabhi Verma 13
 Thank You.
धन्र्वािः !
Dhanyavādaḥ !

© Dr. Surabhi Verma 14