Communication and

Globalization
 Globalization

The development of an increasingly integrated

global economy marked especially by free trade,
free flow of capital and the tapping of cheaper
foreign labor markets.
In simple terms, globalization is the process by
which people and goods move easily across
borders. Principally, it's an economic concept – the
integration of markets, trade and investments with
few barriers to slow the flow of products and
services between nations. There is also a cultural
element, as ideas and traditions are traded and
assimilated.
 World Englishes:
Two well-known
varieties of English
World Englishes (WE) actually stands for the localized
varieties of English as they are used or spoken in
certain areas.
The famous “Three Concentric Circles of Asian
Englishes” attributed to Braj Kachru presents the three
circles:
Inner Circle with ENL (English as a native language)
Member countries:
USA, UK, Australia, Canada and New Zealand

Varieties of English
Outer Circle with ESL (English as a second
language)
Member countries:
Singapore, Philippines, Malaysia and Pakistan
Expanding Circle with EFL (English as a foreign
Language)
Member countries:
China, Japan, Taiwan, Korea and Thailand
 American English

American English(AE)
-refers to a variety of English language that is
generally used in professional communication.
-widely used in the United States
 British English

-dialect of English language as spoken and written

in United Kingdom(England).
-”serves as a unifying label, not universally
embraced”---Pam Peters
Spelling
 Vocabulary

American English British English

apartment flat

college university
theater theatre
vacation holiday
chips crisps
(french) fries chips
the movies the cinema
soda / pop / coke / soft drink soft drink / fizzy drink
sneakers / tennis shoes trainers
sweater jumper
mailbox postbox
band-aid plaster
drugstore chemist’s
soccer Football
cookie Biscuit
 Grammar
AE:
Do you have that book?
BE:
Have you got that book?
AE:
Did you do your homework yet?
BE:
Have you done your homework yet?
AE:
I already ate.
BE:
I have already eaten.
AE:
I have two sisters.
BE:
I’ve got two sisters
AE:
I have to go now.
BE:
I’ve got to go now.
 Date

AE:
January 22, 2019
BE:
22 January 2019
Culturally Sensitive and
Bias-Free Language
1. Race and Ethnicity

Racism- is a form of discrimination against a

person or persons of different race or ethnic group.

Ethnic group with a specific religion

Example: Arabs are Muslims, Indians are Buddist,
and Filipinos are Roman Catholic
2. Gender and Sexual Orientation

Sexism- refers to the prejudice and discrimination

based on sex or gender.
One should be gender-neutral
Examples:
Man-made Manufactured
Layman’s terms Ordinary terms
Chairman Chairperson
Manpower Labor
Policeman Police officer
Gender-biased pronouns can be avoided by:
a. Dropping pronouns that signify gender
b. Changing to plural construction.
c. Replacing masculine and feminine pronouns
with “one” or “you”.
3. Social Class

Class discrimination or classism is a form of

prejudice against a person or people because of
their social class.
Example:
In Philippine setting the term “conyo” describes
young people in the upper class. While, “jologs”
or “jejemon” used as reference to an idiosyncratic
spelling oe writing styles, is used to describe
persons who look poor or out of style.
4. Age

Ageism is a form of discrimination against other

people because of their age, or assuming that older
people are less physically, intellectually or
emotionally able than other age group.
Example phrases:
“Wow, you don’t look 65! You look fabulous!”
Using the terms “they” and “them” when talking
about people of another generation.
“She’s young at heart”
 5. Disabilities

Discrimination in this area often arises because of

lack of understanding and awareness.
When referring to people with disabilities, the
focus should be on the person, not the condition.
(Arinto, 2009)
Disability first: The blind student used a special
keyboard during the exam.
Person first: The student, who is visually impaired,
used special keyboard during exam.
Focus on people rather than conditions.
Example:
Biased: I met an epileptic on the bus today.
Better: I met a person with epilepsy on the bus today.