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Performance of a Durian Germplasm Collection in a Peninsular Malaysian

Fruit Orchard

Article  in  Acta Horticulturae · February 2013

DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2013.975.13

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Performance of a Durian Germplasm Collection in a Peninsular
Malaysian Fruit Orchard
T.K. Hoe and S. Palaniappan
Felda Agricultural Services Sdn. Bhd.
Kuala Lumpur
Malaysia

Keywords: disease tolerance, Durio zibethinus, germplasm, growth, yield

Abstract
Durian is the most important fruit crop in Malaysia due to its high demand in
both domestic and export markets in surrounding ASEAN countries. Durian
cultivation takes up the largest area in Malaysia, contributing almost one-quarter of
local fresh fruit produce. The sustainability of durian production is very much
related to the type of durian material planted. In 1992, FELDA Agricultural Services
Sdn. Bhd. initiated a durian germplasm collection at its PusatPerkhidmatan
PertanianTunRazak in Jerantut, Pahang. Some 34 durian clones were collected and
field planted to evaluate their performance and potential for future commercial
planting. Results over 10 years showed that the durian clones were able to achieve
20% annual increment in stem diameter and canopy width after 7 years of planting
although this rate subsequently declined. Evaluation of disease tolerance indicated
that the majority of clones were susceptible to moderately susceptible to Rhizoctonia
leaf blight disease and only few clones were tolerant to Phytophthora patch canker
disease. The majority of the clones fruited 7 years after planting with the fruiting
season occurring in June to August and October to December. Amongst the superior
clones that produced excellent fruit quality and eating acceptance were ‘D 24’,
‘D 96’, ‘MDUR 78’ (‘D 188’), ‘Botak’ (‘D 172’), ‘Tikkar’ (‘D 160’), ‘Batang Melaka’,
‘MDUR 79’ (‘D 189’) and ‘Monthong’ (‘D 159’).

INTRODUCTION
Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) is a tropical lowland fruit native to Southeast Asia
and belongs to the family of Bombaceae (Macmillan, 1949). It is one of the most valuable
and popular fruits in Malaysia as well as in surrounding ASEAN countries such as
Thailand and Singapore. Durian is the most important fruit crop in Malaysia since the
1980s. It contributed the largest fruit cultivation area in Malaysia of about 40.5% of the
total 284,077 ha planted in 2004. Durian production in that year contributed 26% of the
1,833,974 tonnes of local fruits produced. Meanwhile, durian consumption per capita was
the highest among other fruits in 2004 at 8.5 kg/person of the total fruit consumption of
38 kg/person (Malaysian Agricultural Directory & Index, 2006).
With such good prospects and convincing demand for durian, a durian germplasm
collection was initiated by FELDA Agricultural Services Sdn. Bhd. (FASSB) in 1992. The
germplasm was located in TunRazak Agricultural Services Centre (PPPTR), Jerantut,
Pahang. The project aims to evaluate the performance and potential of various durian clones
for commercial planting to meet consumer demand, improve market competitiveness and to
sustain durian production as the major economic contributor in the local fruit industry.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A total of 34 durian clones was collected from the Malaysian Agricultural
Research and Development Institute (MARDI), Department of Agriculture, certified fruit
nurseries and fruit orchards. Collected material was planted in rows consisting of 6 plants
per replicate to represent each clone (Table 1). The planting distance was 12×12×12 m in
triangular pattern and the total area of the germplasm collection was 4 ha.
Plant vegetative growth (stem diameter and canopy width) was measured yearly
from the second year after planting. Assessment of disease tolerance to Phytophthora and

Proc. 4th International Symposium on Tropical and Subtropical Fruits 127

Eds.: Endah Retno Palupi et al.
Acta Hort. 975, ISHS 2013
Rhizoctonia was evaluated based on infection symptoms on the plant. Fruit yield was
recorded from daily collection from each individual tree during the entire fruiting season.
Evaluation of fruit quality based on organoleptic and visual judgment was carried out by a
tasting panel.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Vegetative Growth
Plant growth measurements of stem diameter (15 cm above ground level) and
canopy width were carried out from 1993 (a year after planting) until 2003. Figure 1
shows the average stem diameter and canopy width of the 34 durian clones, with both
parameters showing a similar growth trend. The durian clones showed vigorous growth in
stem diameter and canopy width with almost 20% yearly increment at the early stage of
planting and reaching 26.1 and 633.0 cm, respectively, after 7 years of planting. However,
the growth rate was slower after the above period with yearly increment of less than 10%
with the trees reaching 34.0 and 869.0 cm in stem diameter and canopy width,
respectively, after 11 years of planting (Table 2).
Growth measurements in Table 2 also indicated that the 12 durian clones: ‘D 7’,
‘Horlor’ (‘D 163’), ‘Malaysia Champion’, ‘Tikkar’ (‘D 160’), ‘Nafas 3’, ‘Botak’ (‘D
172’), ‘D 96’, ‘D 115’, ‘TokLintok’ (‘D 169’), ‘D 111’, ‘TokDeramat’ and ‘D 2’ to be the
most vigorous based on consistency in stem growth which was always higher than the
yearly average measurement during 1993-2003. Meanwhile, ‘Katoi’, ‘D 116’, ‘D 24’,
‘Monthong’ (‘D 159’) and ‘MDUR 78’ (‘D 188’) clones showed only moderate growth
with vigorous stem growth in the early stages following planting.

Disease Tolerance
Infestations of trunk canker and leaf blight disease by Phytophthora palmivora
and Rhizoctonia solani (Ithnin et al., 2008) were observed as the major disease problems
of durian. These caused high casualty and were more severe compared to pest attacks
such as those from husk borer (caused by Conogethes punctiferalis).
Tolerance assessment of patch canker disease was conducted over the period
1998-2003. Six clones, i.e., ‘D 114’, ‘Batang Melaka’, ‘D 100’, ‘Horlor’ (‘D 163’), ‘Katoi’
and ‘Nafas 3’, were tolerant to patch canker disease with no infestation. ‘D 98’, ‘MDUR
79’, ‘D 123’, ‘D 2’, ‘D 7’, ‘TokLintok’ (‘D 169’), ‘Tikkar’ and ‘PG 15’ were categorized
as highly tolerant clones with infestation of less than 25%. In contrast, clones of
‘TokDeramat’, ‘BatuKurau’ and ‘D 115’ were susceptible with more than 50% of the trees
infected (Table 3).
The evaluation of leaf blight disease was categorized by the infestation stages of
serious (>25% of canopy infected), moderate (12.5-25% of canopy infected) and mild
(<12.5% of canopy infected). Clone ‘TokDeramat’ was tolerant to leaf blight disease with
no infection. ‘Seedless’, ‘Batang Melaka’, ‘D 111’, ‘Malaysia Champion’, ‘D 115’ and
‘BatuKurau’ were highly tolerant clones with only 10-25% of the trees mildly attacked by
the disease. Meanwhile, ‘D 7’, ‘Tikkar’ (‘D 160’), ‘Botak’ (‘D 172’), ‘Nafas 3’, ‘MDUR
78’ (‘D 188’), ‘D 145’, ‘D 99’, ‘D 2’ and ‘Katoi’ were categorized as moderately tolerant
clones showing 33.3-50% mild and moderate infestation (Table 3).
From both assessments, clone ‘Batang Melaka’ was highly tolerant to leaf blight
and tolerant to patch canker. Clones of ‘D 111’ and ‘Malaysia Champion’ were also highly
tolerant to leaf blight but only moderately tolerant to patch canker. Clones ‘D 2’, ‘D 7’
and ‘Tikkar’ (‘D 160’) were highly tolerant to patch canker while ‘Katoi’ and ‘Nafas 3’
were tolerant. However, they were only moderately tolerant to leaf blight disease. ‘D 24’,
‘D 116’ and ‘Kelantan’ were susceptible to both diseases (Table 3).

Fruiting
Dry weather stress was the main factor inducing flowering of durian. A minimum
drought with the rainfall <1 mm/day for a continuous 18 day period will trigger floral

128
initiation (Zainal and ZainalAbidin, 2002). The weather pattern in PPPTR consisted of
two major dry spells (monthly rainfall <120 mm) from February to March and from July
to August (Fig. 2). Consequently, the durian trees flowered during these two dry seasons
with the harvesting season normally falling in June to August and October to December.
1. Fruit Production. Details of fruits harvested from the durian clones were recorded
from 2000 to 2005 (3rd to 8th years of harvesting). The records showed an average yield of
20-22 fruits/tree in the 3rd to 4th year of harvesting and subsequently increasing to 33-
46 fruits/tree in the 5th to 7th year of harvesting. Fruit production improved with tree
maturity, with trees producing 77 fruits/tree by the 8th year of harvesting (Table 4).
High yielding durian clones were identified from 2002 to 2005 (5th to 8th year of
harvesting): ‘Tikkar’, ‘Botak’ (‘D 172’), ‘MDUR 78’, ‘TokLintok’ (‘D 169’), ‘D 24’ and
‘Katoi’ were categorized as high yielding clones based on their consistency in fruit yield
which was always higher than the average fruit production in the year from 2002 to 2005
(Table 4).
2. Harvesting Period and Timing. Durian yield records in 2004 and 2005 (7th and 8th
year of harvesting) were used to analyse the duration of the fruit harvesting period of each
of the clones. ‘Batang Melaka’, ‘Tikkar’ (‘D 160’), ‘BatuKurau’, ‘UdangMerah’
(‘D 175’), ‘Nafas 3’ and ‘D 96’ showed a short harvesting period of only 17-20 days
while 13 other clones had a moderately longer harvesting period of 21-29 days. Fourteen
clones recorded a long harvesting period of more than 30 days (Table 5).
Analysis was also carried out to determine the time of harvesting amongst the
clones in 2005. The majority of the clones i.e., ‘BatuKurau’, ‘Batang Melaka’, ‘D 111’,
‘D 116’, ‘D 123’, ‘D 145’, ‘Botak’ (‘D 172’), ‘D 2’, ‘D 7’, ‘D 96’, ‘D 99’, ‘Katoi’,
‘Malaysia Champion’, ‘Nafas 3’, ‘Seedless’, ‘Tikkar’ (‘D 160’) and ‘TokDeramat’ could
be harvested during the first 5 days of the fruiting season. Another 12 clones were
harvested during the middle fruiting season from the 6th to 15th day. ‘Jantung’, ‘Bear’ and
‘PG 15’ were the only clones that were harvested late from the 16th to 20th day of the
fruiting season (Table 5).

Fruit Organoleptic Evaluation

Evaluation of fruit quality based on organoleptic and visual judgment was carried
out by a tasting panel during each durian season from 2000-2005. Different scales were
used to evaluate the durian characteristics of flesh colour, taste, aroma, texture and eating
quality (Somsri and Khaegkad, 2002). Clones ‘D 24’ and ‘D 96’ consistently performed
well in fruit quality and were most favoured by the tasting panel and used as the standard
reference for other durian clones. ‘MDUR 78’ (‘D 188’), ‘Botak’ (‘D 172’), ‘Tikkar’
(‘D 160’), ‘Batang Melaka’, ‘MDUR 79’ (‘D 189’) and ‘Monthong’ (‘D 159’) also scored
well in fruit quality and were highly accepted by the tasting panel.

CONCLUSION
Durian germplasm evaluation at PPPTR since 1992 eight superior durian clones
were identified viz., ‘D 24’, ‘D 96’, ‘MDUR 78’ (‘D 188’), ‘Botak’ (‘D 172’), ‘Tikkar’
(‘D 160’), ‘Batang Melaka’, ‘MDUR 79’ (‘D 189’) and ‘Monthong’ (‘D 159’). These
clones were excellent in fruit quality with attractive colour, good aroma and high eating
acceptance by the tasting panel.
Plant growth measurements identified twelve vigorous clones based on their
consistency in stem growth increment. The stem diameter and canopy width of the durian
trees were highly predictable through their planting age by using a regression graph.
Disease tolerance evaluation indicated majority of the durian clones to be susceptible to
moderately tolerant against Phytophthora and Rhizoctonia. ‘Batang Melaka’ was the only
clone showing high tolerance to Rhizoctonia and tolerance to Phytopthora.
The majority of the clones fruited 7 years after planting and the yield improved
with tree maturity. Dry weather stress from January to March and July to August was the
main factor inducing flowering of the trees. There were two major fruiting seasons falling
in June to August and October to December. Duration of the harvesting period differed

129
among clones varying from 17 to 35 days. Six durian clones were identified as high
yielding clones based on their consistency in fruit production from 2002 to 2005.

Literature Cited
Ithnin, B., Mohd. Shamsudin, O. and Mohamed, M.S. 2008. SeranggaPerosak: Buah-
buahanTropika Malaysia. MARDI, Malaysia, p.52.
Macmillan, H.F. 1949. Tropical Planting and Gardening. Macmillan Co. Ltd., London,
p.560.
Malaysia Agricultural Directory & Index. 2006. Agriquest Sdn. Bhd., Petaling Jaya,
Malaysia, p.117-126.
Somsri, S. and Khaegkad, P. 2002. Comparison of durian quality between F1 hybrid plants
and their parents. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Tropical and
Subtropical Fruits. Acta Hort. 575:313-317.
Zainal, R.S. and ZainalAbidin, M. 2002. Current performance of promising durian
hybrids at Bukit Tangga. Proceedings of Malaysia Society of Plant Physiology
Conference. Serdang: MARDI, Malaysia.

130
 Tables

Table 1. List of durian clones collected in PPPTR durian germplasm.

No. Clone Rep Number of plants No. Clone Rep Number of plants
1 Bear 1 6 18 D7 2 12
2 BatuKurau 1 6 19 D 96 2 12
3 Batang Melaka 1 6 20 D 98 2 12
4 D 100 1 6 21 D 99 2 12
5 D 108 2 12 22 Jantung 2 12
6 D 111 2 12 23 Katoi 1 6
7 D 114 2 12 24 Kelantan 2 12
8 D 115 1 6 25 Malaysia Champion 1 6
9 D 116 2 12 26 MDUR 78 (D 188) 2 12
10 D 123 2 12 27 MDUR 79 (D 189) 2 12
11 D 145 2 12 28 Nafas 3 1 6
12 D 159 2 12 29 Perak King 1 6
13 Horlor (D 163) 1 6 30 PG 15 1 6
14 TokLintok (D 169) 1 6 31 Seedless 2 12
15 Botak (D 172) 1 6 32 Tikkar (D 160) 1 6
16 D2 2 12 33 TokDeramat 1 6
17 D 24 2 12 34 UdangMerah (D 175) 1 6
Total 312
131

131
 Table 2. Vegetative growth measurement of durian clones from 1993-2003.
132

Canopy width (cm)

Planting
No. Clone 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
year
(2nd) (3rd) (4th) (5th) (6th) (7th) (8th) (9th) (10th) (11th)
1 D7 1992 224 220 319 407 435 558 750 717 890 1036
2 Horlor (D 163) 1992 252 311 468 553 560 588 858 910 806 1105
3 Malaysia Champion 1992 224 315 404 510 730 750 812 756 880 942
4 Tikkar (D 160) 1992 228 229 342 385 500 685 868 870 824 938
5 Nafas 3 1992 192 331 411 514 658 740 790 788 920 1059
6 Botak (D 172) 1992 - - 362 410 500 590 707 890 780 891
7 D 96 1992 213 228 379 456 483 678 787 814 934 966
8 D 115 1992 - - 385 458 608 638 808 806 770 852
9 TokLintok (D 169) 1992 192 260 374 401 484 652 789 789 885 945
10 D 111 1992 195 290 406 485 673 715 780 1000 910 991
11 Tok Deramat 1992 235 253 436 487 600 728 804 798 1050 1092
12 D2 1992 214 286 314 402 606 815 762 811 966 995
13 KATOI 1992 201 266 395 422 530 643 755 857 870 905
14 D 116 1992 252 267 498 543 592 730 813 810 905 943
15 D 24 1992 225 237 352 472 600 698 720 738 732 637
16 Monthong (D 159) 1992 209 307 393 401 466 556 728 724 820 894
17 MDUR 78 (D 188) 1992 233 243 334 420 517 675 736 765 821 835
18 BTG. Melaka 1992 143 171 283 368 390 510 656 770 757 769
19 Udang Merah (D 175) 1992 208 239 335 380 440 540 678 714 860 954
20 Seedless 1992 172 245 349 394 485 612 767 798 838 875
21 Kelantan 1992 178 193 294 385 480 655 750 843 895 936
22 D 108 1992 212 277 395 375 465 560 900 925 927 917
23 PG 15 1992 243 281 317 360 470 608 614 668 665 646
24 D 99 1992 181 219 324 414 425 588 780 862 950 770
25 D 98 1992 179 249 335 403 420 487 620 729 937 818
26 D 100 1992 194 241 298 410 520 700 730 812 823 802
27 D 114 1992 167 200 286 365 458 587 689 738 736 907
28 MDUR 79 (D 189) 1992 166 160 277 323 347 460 724 754 716 706
29 B.Kurau 1992 245 275 333 390 607 653 705 837 710 526
30 D 145 1992 210 231 377 441 444 747 760 720 710 719
31 Bear 1992 213 309 365 420 500 560 693 693 660 758
32 Jantung 1992 199 221 328 423 452 530 706 768 715 774
33 Perak King 1992 205 296 328 425 630 720 656 690 780 884
34 D 123 1992 158 202 347 382 480 573 828 840 705 748
Average 205 252 357 423 516 633 751 794 828 869
% of increment 22.3% 42% 19.0% 20.5% 24.4% 18.2% 6.1% 2.9% 5.7%
( ) - years after planting.
Some measurements declined due to reduction of sample from casualty.

132
 Table 2. Continued.
Stem diameter at 15 cm above ground (cm)
Growth
No. Clone 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 rate
(1st) (2nd) (3rd) (4th) (5th) (6th) (7th) (8th) (9th) (10th) (11th)
1 D7 3.3 7.1 9.3 14.3 16.6 21.6 28.5 33.2 36.0 37.7 47.3 Vigorous
2 Horlor (D 163) 3.8 10.3 12.3 16.7 19.7 25.8 28.0 29.9 33.4 40.5 44.6 Vigorous
3 Malaysia Champion 3.6 9.4 12.4 16.9 21.9 27.1 32.0 31.2 34.3 38.5 42.4 Vigorous
4 Tikkar (D 160) 3.8 8.3 12.4 16.0 17.8 25.6 31.0 35.8 38.6 40.1 41.0 Vigorous
5 Nafas 3 3.8 11.2 13.3 17.8 21.7 24.0 30.2 33.3 35.6 36.6 39.5 Vigorous
6 Botak (D 172) - - - 15.1 17.0 23.5 28.3 32.0 36.1 30.0 38.1 Vigorous
7 D 96 2.3 6.6 8.4 14.1 17.8 21.4 26.8 31.5 35.3 36.8 37.2 Vigorous
8 D 115 - - - 13.3 15.8 23.7 27.4 31.2 34.4 31.4 36.9 Vigorous
9 TokLintok (D 169) 3.1 8.0 9.8 14.0 18.4 23.1 26.4 28.0 32.2 35.5 36.8 Vigorous
10 D 111 2.3 6.9 11.3 15.0 19.4 24.3 29.1 30.7 33.9 34.3 35.6 Vigorous
11 Tok Deramat 2.8 8.5 9.6 16.3 18.7 25.7 28.6 28.4 31.5 34.9 35.3 Vigorous
12 D2 3.2 8.4 10.5 13.7 17.4 22.3 26.7 29.1 33.0 33.7 34.9 Vigorous
13 Katoi 3.4 10.0 11.9 14.3 17.1 23.7 25.1 26.7 30.5 33.3 34.3 Moderate
14 D 116 3.0 5.1 10.6 15.6 18.4 22.8 30.5 27.4 30.1 32.6 33.7 Moderate
15 D 24 2.7 8.8 10.7 13.8 18.7 23.6 28.3 30.0 28.8 32.0 33.7 Moderate
16 Monthong (D 159) 2.7 8.5 12.6 14.6 17.1 21.6 24.3 27.4 29.3 32.0 33.0 Moderate
17 MDUR 78 (D 188) 3.5 9.5 10.7 13.5 17.4 22.9 28.0 28.6 31.1 32.5 32.9 Moderate
18 BTG. Melaka 2.9 7.7 11.0 13.2 15.4 20.1 25.8 29.1 31.4 39.2 41.4 Slow
19 Udang Merah (D 175) 2.3 7.8 10.7 13.3 14.6 21.0 20.9 23.9 27.2 34.1 34.6 Slow
20 Seedless 3.2 7.8 9.9 15.0 15.0 20.1 24.8 27.2 30.5 33.0 34.3 Slow
21 Kelantan 2.9 8.5 9.9 13.0 14.6 19.8 25.5 27.8 31.5 32.1 33.6 Slow
22 D 108 2.0 7.1 9.4 14.2 13.3 15.9 21.4 29.0 33.3 32.1 32.3 Slow
23 PG 15 3.0 8.9 9.4 14.3 17.5 21.0 26.2 28.3 28.3 30.0 32.1 Slow
24 D 99 2.8 8.1 9.9 11.7 13.7 18.0 24.3 28.3 32.3 31.4 32.0 Slow
25 D 98 2.5 8.1 10.6 12.6 15.6 19.9 22.0 24.4 28.0 33.8 31.9 Slow
26 D 100 3.4 11.0 9.5 9.1 11.7 19.1 27.1 27.4 31.6 30.4 31.1 Slow
27 D 114 2.7 7.0 9.5 11.9 15.0 19.9 23.7 25.5 28.8 30.5 30.3 Slow
28 MDUR 79 (D 189) 2.5 5.9 6.8 9.9 11.6 17.7 21.2 24.2 27.4 28.9 30.1 Slow
29 B.Kurau 3.2 9.7 9.8 11.9 14.0 19.9 23.9 27.3 30.9 29.3 28.3 Slow
30 D 145 3.4 8.7 9.1 13.8 17.0 20.7 27.1 28.3 29.5 32.9 27.9 Slow
31 Bear 2.8 8.1 10.8 13.7 17.3 20.2 23.6 25.4 29.1 26.8 27.2 Slow
32 Jantung 2.3 6.6 8.4 11.9 14.5 18.3 22.3 23.7 27.6 26.4 26.6 Slow
33 Perak King 3.3 9.1 9.8 13.9 16.6 21.0 24.6 22.6 25.9 29.5 23.9 Slow
34 D 123 2.4 8.2 10.3 13.1 14.2 20.4 24.9 28.3 33.0 30.9 20.6 Slow
Average 3.0 8.3 10.3 13.9 16.5 21.6 26.1 28.4 31.5 33.1 34.0
% of increment 186% 22.9% 35.5% 19.6% 29.1% 21.6% 8.5% 10.9% 5.1% 3.3%
( ) - years after planting.
Some measurements declined due to reduction of sample from casualty.
Highlighted data indicated measurement above average.
133

133
 Table 3. Evaluation of patch canker disease and leaf blight disease amongst the durian clones.
134

Patch canker disease Leaf blight disease

No. Clone No. of plants Infection Tolerance No. of plants Infected (%) Total infection Tolerance
evaluated (%) level evaluated Serious Moderate Mild (%) level
1 D2 8 12.5 High 12 0 25.0 25.0 50.0 Moderate
2 D7 8 12.5 High 9 0 11.1 22.2 33.3 Moderate
3 Tikkar (D 160) 6 16.7 High 6 0 33.3 0 33.3 Moderate
4 D 123 8 12.5 High 12 50.0 41.7 0 91.7 Susceptible
5 TokLintok (D 169) 6 16.7 High 9 20.0 20.0 60.0 100.0 Susceptible
6 D 98 10 10.0 High 12 8.3 41.7 0 50.0 Susceptible
7 MDUR 79 (D 189) 9 11.1 High 9 11 11 44.5 66.7 Susceptible
8 PG 15 5 20.0 High 5 20 40.0 0 60.0 Susceptible
9 Btg. Melaka 5 0 Tolerant 5 0 0 20.0 20.0 High
10 Katoi 4 0 Tolerant 4 0 50.0 0 50.0 Moderate
11 Nafas 3 3 0 Tolerant 5 0 40.0 0 40.0 Moderate
12 D 100 4 0 Tolerant 6 0 50.0 16.7 66.7 Susceptible
13 D 114 9 0 Tolerant 9 0 55.6 33.3 88.9 Susceptible
14 Horlor (D 163) 4 0 Tolerant 4 25.0 25.0 50.0 100.0 Susceptible
15 D 111 5 40.0 Moderate 5 0 0 20.0 20.0 High
16 M.Champion 4 50.0 Moderate 5 0 0 20.0 20.0 High
17 Seedless 10 50.0 Moderate 10 0 0 10.0 10.0 High
18 D 145 4 50.0 Moderate 7 0 42.9 0 42.9 Moderate
19 Botak (D 172) 3 33.3 Moderate 5 0 0 40.0 40.0 Moderate
20 D 99 6 50.0 Moderate 10 0 20.0 30.0 50.0 Moderate
21 MDUR 78 (D 188) 7 28.6 Moderate 10 0 10.0 40.0 50.0 Moderate
22 Bear 3 33.3 Moderate 3 0 33.3 66.7 100.0 Susceptible
23 D 108 8 37.5 Moderate 9 22.2 44.5 11.1 77.8 Susceptible
24 D 116 4 50.0 Moderate 8 12.5 12.5 12.5 37.5 Susceptible
25 D 159 11 27.3 Moderate 12 0 50.0 16.7 66.7 Susceptible
26 D 96 7 42.9 Moderate 11 27.3 9.0 36.4 72.7 Susceptible
27 Jantung 7 28.6 Moderate 12 25.0 50.0 8.3 83.3 Susceptible
28 Kelantan 8 50.0 Moderate 11 9.1 18.2 45.5 72.8 Susceptible
29 Perak King 4 50.0 Moderate 5 0 60.0 40.0 100.0 Susceptible
30 UdangMerah (D 175) 3 33.3 Moderate 4 25.0 25.0 25.0 75.0 Susceptible
31 Bt. Kurau 3 100 Susceptible 4 0 0 25.0 25.0 High
32 D 115 3 100 Susceptible 5 0 0 25.0 25.0 High
33 TokDeramat 4 75.0 Susceptible 4 0 0 0 0.0 Tolerant
34 D 24 6 66.7 Susceptible 10 10.0 30.0 30.0 70.0 Susceptible

134
 Table 4. Yield performance of durian germplasm from 2000 to 2005.
Average yield (fruits/tree)
No Clones Total Total Average Yield
2000 2001 2002* 2003* 2004* 2005* (2000-2005) (2002-2005) (2002-2005) performance
(3 YH) (4 YH) (5 YH) (6 YH) (7 YH) (8 YH)
1 Tikkat (D 160) 2 23 72 84 129 115 425 400 100 High yielding
2 Botak (D 172) 0 55 55 54 97 164 425 370 92 High yielding
3 MDUR 78 (D 188) 62 43 50 64 105 78 402 297 74 High yielding
4 TokLintok (D 169) 28 22 80 62 52 79 323 273 68 High yielding
5 D 24 43 15 48 50 67 87 310 253 63 High yielding
6 Katoi 11 15 67 41 47 96 277 251 63 High yielding
7 TokDeramat 0 30 62 13 66 295 466 436 109
8 Nafas 3 59 58 44 34 0 241 436 319 80
9 D 108 36 16 45 62 103 101 363 311 78
10 D 145 55 0 44 69 62 129 360 305 76
11 D 99 50 32 107 79 28 67 363 281 70
12 Malaysia Champion 10 31 84 91 47 39 302 261 65
13 MDUR 79 (D 189) 6 0 0 70 107 67 250 244 61
14 D 7 24 20 26 56 33 99 257 213 53
15 D 114 0 11 36 18 77 80 221 210 53
16 Kelantan 3 10 95 28 30 54 220 207 52
17 BatuKurau 58 69 78 19 45 47 315 189 47
18 D 123 4 0 65 16 57 42 185 181 45
19 Monthong (D 159) 22 21 72 34 34 37 220 177 44
20 PG 15 21 15 70 31 31 39 207 171 43
21 D 2 14 0 33 2 11 106 166 152 38
22 D 111 13 35 17 14 30 88 197 149 37
23 D 98 19 17 23 19 26 75 178 142 36
24 Perak King 0 0 0 27 72 41 139 139 35
25 UdangMerah (D 175) 2 9 86 34 8 0 139 128 32
26 Bear 11 0 28 6 27 61 133 122 31
27 D 96 14 15 19 5 7 74 134 105 26
28 Batang Melaka 0 2 30 8 27 35 102 100 25
29 Jantung 4 34 7 8 33 49 135 97 24
30 Seedless 14 44 0 7 14 75 154 96 24
31 D 116 16 26 22 11 36 25 135 93 23
32 D 100 56 37 67 0 0 0 160 67 17
33 Horlor (D 163) 10 27 19 0 0 35 91 54 14
34 D 115 0 32 9 15 0 11 67 35 9
Total 665 764 1560 1130 1507 2628 8254 6825 1706
Average fruit production 20 22 46 33 44 77 243 201 50
(YH) - year of harvesting.
* Yield record in year 2002-2005 were used to indicated the high yielding clone.
Highlighted data indicated the yield was higher than average yield in represented year (2002-2005).
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135
 Table 5. Duration of harvesting and timing of harvesting season amongst the durian clones.
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Harvesting period (days) Timing of harvesting (2005)

No. Clone Average Duration Days after
2004 2005 Timing
(2004 and 2005) of harvesting first harvest
1 Batang Melaka 18 15 17 Short 1-5 Early season
2 Tikkar (D 160) 18 16 17 Short 1-5 Early season
3 BatuKurau 19 15 17 Short 1-5 Early season
4 Nafas 3 0 19 19 Short 1-5 Early season
5 D96 17 23 20 Short 1-5 Early season
6 D111 24 18 21 Moderate 1-5 Early season
7 Seedless 20 25 22 Moderate 1-5 Early season
8 D116 26 18 22 Moderate 1-5 Early season
9 D7 26 27 26 Moderate 1-5 Early season
10 D2 22 33 28 Moderate 1-5 Early season
11 D163 (Horlor) 0 23 23 Moderate 11-15 Mid season
12 Perak King 30 18 24 Moderate 11-15 Mid season
13 D115 0 24 24 Moderate 11-15 Mid season
14 MDUR 78 (D 188) 35 20 28 Moderate 11-15 Mid season
15 D98 31 27 29 Moderate 11-15 Mid season
16 PG 15 27 20 24 Moderate 16-20 Late season
17 Jantung 37 15 26 Moderate 16-20 Late season
18 Bear 29 25 27 Moderate 16-20 Late season
19 Botak (D172) 32 27 30 Long 1-5 Early season
20 D99 33 26 30 Long 1-5 Early season
21 Malaysia Champion 31 29 30 Long 1-5 Early season
22 D145 34 27 31 Long 1-5 Early season
23 TokDeramat 28 40 34 Long 1-5 Early season
24 Katoi 39 30 34 Long 1-5 Early season
25 D123 38 31 35 Long 1-5 Early season
26 MDUR 79 (D 189) 31 30 31 Long 6-10 Mid season
27 D114 33 32 32 Long 6-10 Mid season
28 Kelantan 37 28 32 Long 11-15 Mid season
29 TokLintok (D169) 37 28 33 Long 11-15 Mid season
30 D159 37 29 33 Long 11-15 Mid season
31 D24 38 30 34 Long 6-10 Mid season
32 D108 40 29 34 Long 11-15 Mid season

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Figurese

Fig. 1. Average stem diameter and canopy width of durian clones in germplasm.

Fig. 2. The effect of dry weather stresses on flower induction of durian and on the fruit
harvesting season.

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