Perfect tenses:

Present: have/has

Past : had + V3

Future : will have

Present perfect Tense: Sub+ [have/has+V3] + obj + A

Signal words: now, just now, already, never, ever, yet, not yet, recently etc.

Usage:

1. Action just completed.

2. Action in the past result in the present.
3. changes
4. New information
5. Feelings
6. Q’ forms (with in the stipulated time)

*Note: never specify specific time line in perfect tense. Always use vague time
lines

Present perfect also talks about past action but a recent one. The past action
has something to do with the present time.

Action just completed:

My mom has just come from the church.

My dad has recently visited Chennai.

I have taken my breakfast just now.

The political leaders have filed their nominations recently.

India has attacked the terrorist camps in the borders recently.

YSR has died in a copper crash.

My sister has flown to the US recently.

Action in the past result in the present:

I have cleared my exams with distinction. ( I worked very hard and wrote the
exams two months back)

I have polished my shoes. (they shoes are shining).

My dad has watered the plants. ( that is why he is drenched)

The pollution has gone high in recent times. (we have cut down the trees)

We have enjoyed the birthday party of my sister. ( my brother has made all the
arrangements)

The population in Hyderabad has increased multifold in recent times. ( several

people from the town and villages are migrating to the capital city)

Changes:

The electronic gadgets have changed a lot.

My grand pa has become old.

Saritha has grown up as a beautiful girl.

Hyderabad has become a metropolitan city.

Several shopping malls have mushroomed here.

Metro rail has started in Hyderabad.

My uncle has become bald.

My brother has grown up very fast in the past two years.

My dad has joined a new job recently.

People have become very trendy in these days.

Modern girls have dared to break the old barriers.

Feelings:

I have seen Tajmahal several times.

My Friend’s dad passed away recently.

I have cleared my graduation and I am ready for jobs.

My sister has got married with her long time fiance.

We have bought a new car.

We have sat on the edge of the seat during the whole movie.

We have celebrated Christmas with family and friends this time.

My dad has bought new desk top for us.

New information:

Hyundai has launched its new version of I 20.

KCR has started his campaign along with his stalwalts KTR, Harish Rao and
Kavitha.

The Osmania University has changed the syllabus of PG courses.

Several shopping malls have offered special offers and discounts on the occasion
of Ugadi.

A christian family has shifted into our neighbouring house.

Cadburys has introduced a chocolate of new flavor into the market recently.

I have learnt to prepare biryani recently.

‘Q’ forms – (within the stipulated time)

Breakfast – 8 to 9 am – have you taken your breakfast?

Lunch - 12.30 to 2.00pm – have you taken your lunch?

Dinner – 8 to 9 pm – have you taken your dinner?

Summer holidays – march to june.

Have you planned your vacation?

Have you bought your tickets to your native place?

Have you taken your breakfast? (8 to 9)

At 10 am – did you take your breakfast.?

Has the matched started?

Have you cleared your exams?

Have you watched the movie 118?

Have you ever seen Prabhas?

That s all for today. Pls work with structures of the perfect tenses. All the
sentences that we created for perfect tenses. Ex of six usages.

Ex: present perfect

I have seen Tajmahal

I haven’t seen Tajmahal.

Have I seen Tajmahal?

Haven’t I seen Tajmahal?

Past perfect:

I had seen Tajmahal.

I hadn’t seen Tajmahal.

Had I seen Tajmahal?

Hadn’t I seen Tajmahal?

Future perfect

I will have seen Tajmahal.

I won’t have seen Tajmahal

Will I have seen Tajmahal?

Won’t I have seen Tajmahal?

Past perfect tense:

Sub + {had + V3} + A

My voice is not reaching you.

So I will type the matter, and you can go through….is it ok

Past perfect tense is used for an action that had started in the past and ended in
the past. Even here we shouldn’t mention specific time.

Ex:

I had stayed in Rajahmundry during the 90’s.

(actually past perfect is used for long past action. In the sense, I will show the
examples ……

1st: recent past: Present perfect: I have taken my dinner just now

2nd: dead past: Simple past : I took my lunch at 1 in the afternoon.

3rd: long past: Past perfect: I had taken my breakfast very early today.

The speaker is using the 3 sentences at 9 pm.

Ok did you understand?

Ok, so past perfect is used for an action that happened before several actions

Ok

Now let me show you some examples……

We had got Independence several decades ago.

We had shifted to this new house a few months back.

KCR had dissolved the Assembly long before the election (dates and won the
2019 elections)

Let us take the example of a graduate and his narration…..ok

I have completed my B.tech with IT recently. ( present perfect).

I completed my Intermediate in the year 2015 march. (Simple past)

I had completed SSC several years ago. (Past perfect)

Did you understand the difference?

Ok some more examples.

The marriage party had left the venue very early.

My cousin had settled in the Canada long ago.

The British had divided the united India into India and Pakistan.

India had won the cricket world cup during the 80s for the first time.

Am I clear with the examples.

Next usage: in combination with simple past. The earlier action is put in simple
past and the later action is put in past perfect;

Ex:

The Train had left the station before I reached.

My mother had prepared the dinner before the guest arrived.

Sr. NTR had campaigned for TDP for 10 months and swept the elections to
become the CM.

I had taken a shower and sat for the breakfast.

My dad had seen the groom for my sister and then we finalized the match.

Ok…am I clear

Next is

Future perfect tense: Sub+ {will have + V3} + obj+ a

I will have completed my graduation by this time next year.

My mother will have saved Rs 1,20000/- by September next year.

We will have reached Delhi by tomorrow evening.

OK

So with this we have completed Perfect tenses. Sorry there was some audio
problem. I want you to check all the topics and I will ask you questions from all
the chapters that we have covered till now. We will have an assessment test. so
prepare well. Be, verbs, possessives, modals, continuous, perfect…..

Every minute thing you should be thorough. Ok….

That’s all for today……..all the best.

Bye

I will mail the lession bye