Faktorijeli i binomni koeficijenti – zadaci za vježbu

Formule:
𝑛! = 1 ∙ 2 ∙ 3 ∙ ⋯ ∙ 𝑛

𝑛! = 𝑛 ⋅ (𝑛 − 1)!

𝑛 𝑛 ⋅ (𝑛 − 1) ⋅ … ⋅ (𝑛 − 𝑘 + 1)
( )=
𝑘 1 ⋅2⋅…⋅𝑘
𝑛 𝑛!
( )=
𝑘 𝑘! ∙ (𝑛 − 𝑘)!
𝑛 𝑛
( )=( )
𝑘 𝑛−𝑘
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛+1
( )+( ) = ( )
𝑘−1 𝑘 𝑘

Zadatak 1.
Primjerom pokažite je li tvrdnja (3𝑛)! = 3! ⋅ 𝑛! točna ili netočna.

Zadatak 2.
Izračunajte:
10! 6!+4!
a) = e) =
7! 3!
10! f) 6! − 3! =
b) 7!⋅3!
=
10! g) (6 − 3)! =
c) = (𝑛+1)!
7! h) =
d) 8! + 2! = (𝑛−1)!

Zadatak 3.
Izračunajte:
a) (13
9
)=
b) (100
98
)=
c) (100
97
) + (100
98
)=

Zadatak 4.
Riješite jednadžbe, odredite prirodni broj 𝑛 za koji vrijedi:
a) 2 ⋅ (𝑛 − 2)! = 𝑛!
b) (𝑛4) = (𝑛7)
c) 2 ⋅ (𝑛5) = 11 ⋅ (𝑛−2
𝑛−5
)=

Projekt Podrška provedbi

Cjelovite kurikularne reforme
(CKR)
Rješenja:
Zadatak 1.
Primjerom pokažite je li tvrdnja (3𝑛)! = 3! ⋅ 𝑛! točna ili netočna.
Uzmimo 𝑛 = 5, tada je
(3 ⋅ 5)! = 3! ⋅ 5!
(15)! = 3! ⋅ 5!
15 ⋅ 14 ⋅ 13 ⋅ … ⋅ 2 ⋅ 1 = 720
Već je i umnožak 15 ⋅ 14 ⋅ 13 = 2730 veći od desne strane jednakosti, što znači da je tvrdnja
općenito netočna.

Zadatak 2.
Izračunajte:
10!
a) 7!
= 720

10!
b) 7!⋅3!
= 120

c) 8! + 2! = 40322

6!+4!
d) 3!
= 124

e) 6! − 3! = 714

f) (6 − 3)! = 6

(𝑛+1)! (𝑛+1)⋅𝑛⋅(𝑛−1)!
g) (𝑛−1)!
= (𝑛−1)!
= 𝑛2 + 𝑛

Zadatak 3.
Izračunajte:
a) (13
9
) = 715
100⋅99
b) (100
98
) = (100
2
)=
1⋅2
= 4950
101⋅100
c) (100
97
) + (100
98
)= (101
98
) = (101
2
)=
1⋅2
= 5050

Projekt Podrška provedbi

Cjelovite kurikularne reforme
(CKR)
Zadatak 4.
Riješite jednadžbe, odredite prirodni broj 𝑛 za koji vrijedi:
a) 2 ⋅ (𝑛 − 2)! = 𝑛!
2 ⋅ (𝑛 − 2)! = 𝑛 ⋅ (𝑛 − 1) ⋅ (𝑛 − 2)! /: (𝑛 − 2)!
2 = 𝑛2 − 𝑛
𝑛=2
b) (𝑛5) = (𝑛7)
𝑛! 𝑛!
=
5! ⋅ (𝑛 − 5)! 7! ⋅ (𝑛 − 7)!
𝑛! 𝑛!
=
4! ⋅ (𝑛 − 5)(𝑛 − 6)(𝑛 − 7)! 7 ⋅ 6 ⋅ 5 ⋅ 4! ⋅ (𝑛 − 7)!
1 1
=
(𝑛 − 5)(𝑛 − 6) 7 ⋅ 6 ⋅ 5
1 1
2
=
𝑛 − 11𝑛 + 30 210
𝑛2 − 11𝑛 + 30 = 210
𝑛2 − 11𝑛 − 180 = 0
𝑛 = 20

c) 2 ⋅ (𝑛5) = 11 ⋅ (𝑛−2
𝑛−5
)
𝑛! (𝑛 − 2)!
2⋅ = 11 ⋅
5! ⋅ (𝑛 − 5)! (𝑛 − 5)! ⋅ (𝑛 − 2 − (𝑛 − 5))!

𝑛(𝑛 − 1) ⋅ (𝑛 − 2)! (𝑛 − 2)!

2⋅ = 11 ⋅
(
120 ⋅ 𝑛 − 5 !) (𝑛 − 5)! ⋅ 3!
𝑛2 − 𝑛 11
=
60 6
𝑛2 − 𝑛 − 110 = 0
𝑛 = 11

Projekt Podrška provedbi

Cjelovite kurikularne reforme
(CKR)