COMPARISON OF ANTHOPOMETRY LIP AGE 18-25 YEARS IN MELAYU AND INDIA

ETHICSOF MALAYSIA USU STUDENTS

Abstract

Introduction: Anthropometry is the study of human body measurements, one of which is lip
measurement. Anthropometry is used, among others, to conduct research and compare physically
between one human and another. In dentistry soft tissue is important to learn, one of which is lips.
Lips become the most important part of the human face and have different characteristics because
they are influenced by several factors such as age, sex and ethnicity. The purpose of this study was
to determine differences in male and female lip indices in ethnic Malays and Indians Malaysian
Students USU. Method: This study was an analytical study with a cross sectional design by
conducting lip anthropometric measurements. The research sample was obtained by purposive
sampling, amounting to 84 people, consisting of 42 ethnic Malays and 42 ethnic Indians Malaysian
Students USU who had met the inclusion criteria. Lip measurements on samples were carried out by
2D-photometric method with a DSLR camera and measured using the Digimizer application. Data
were analyzed by independent t-test. The results of the study: showed that based on the total sex of
vermillion height and mouth width there were significant differences in men greater than women in
both ethnic groups. While the lip index based on sex in Malay ethnic groups was not significantly
different but in ethnic Indians there were significant differences, namely the index of male lips was
greater than that of women. Conclusion: With an independent t-test it was found that there were
significant differences in the lip index in Indian ethnic groups greater than the Malay ethnic group.
The conclusion of this study is that the index of Indian ethnic lips is greater than that of Malay ethnic
Malaysia USU.

Keywords: Anthropometry, vermillion total height, mouth width, lip index, Malay ethnic and
Malaysian Indian.

Introduction

A person's physical appearance is closely related to individual personality and social acceptance. The
face becomes an important factor that plays a role in it because the face shape is a simple method of
distinguishing between individuals.1 The part of the face that has an important role in smiling is the
lips. Less aesthetic lips can cause feelings of stress, lack of confidence in social life, family and work.
The relationship between teeth, lips and gingiva greatly influences aesthetics, because their
composition and position affect the harmony of the face in resting, speaking and smiling positions.2
In dentistry, surgery and orthodontic treatment can be a solution to produce a more proportional
face.

Anthropometry is the study of human body measurements, one of which is lip measurement.
Anthropometry in Greek means "human measurement" refers to measurements of the human body.
This is done for the purpose of understanding physical variation.4 Anthropometry is used, among
others, to conduct research and compare physically between one human and another. This is
possible because although one species, humans have variations that allow racial grouping.5
Anthropometry has proven useful in reconstructive operations and in orthodontic treatment, where
the morphology of facial soft tissue can be studied better than radiography.6 Characteristics of
human lip morphology are influenced by several factors such as, ecological, biological, race, gender
and age.7 Age and sex mainly affect the lips, with changes in thickness, vermilion dimensions,
distance between nose, lip border over vermilion and mouth width.8 In addition, race and ethnicity
provide characteristics unique to each individual.1 According to Senthil and Panneer in 2018 they
carried out research on lip measurements in Malaysians and South Indians based on sex. The results
of all higher upper and lower lip measurements in men than women between the two races.11 Raj
et al. 2017 suggest that ethnic Malaysian males have wider mouths than women in the same ethnic
group.4 This shows that gender affects the size of the lips and the width of the mouth.

Lip measurement in several races produces a lip index value. Lip index is the result obtained
from the comparison of measurements of vermillion height and mouth width. According to Zahra et
al. In 2014, lip measurements in ethnic Sistani and Baluch men in Southern Iran. The index of the lips
is higher and the mouth is wider in men of Sistani descent than men of Baluch descent with an
average lip index of Sistani (31.16%) and Baluch (29.39%) .1 Based on the 2009 Ngeow and Aljunid
studies, measurements Craniofacial anthropometry in Malay Malaysia ethnicity for vermillion height
of upper and lower lip and mouth width was greater for males than for Malay Malaysia women with
an average value in males namely vermilion upper lip (13.1 mm), vermilion lip height bottom (12.0
mm) and mouth width (48.8 mm) .9

Lip anthropometry measurements in particular are still small. Very limited data regarding
the lip anthropometric measurements of Malay and Indian Malay ethnic groups. Malaysian Malay
ethnicity is the largest ethnic group in Malaysia originating from the Mongoloid Race, while for India
or Thamil, which comes from the Caucasian Race, is a minority in Malaysia. The purpose of this study
was to determine the size of the Malay and Indian ethnic male and female lip indices.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This type of research is analytical research with a cross-sectional design by measuring the
lips to determine the lip index of Malay ethnic and Malaysian Indians. This research was carried out
by taking sample lip photographs conducted at the Oral Biology Laboratory of the Faculty of
Dentistry, University of North Sumatra. This research was conducted in July-August 2018 which
included ethical clearance, sampling, research, processing data and research results. The population
of this study were Malay ethnic and Indian Malaysian students at the University of North Sumatra
who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Samples were obtained by purposive sampling where
research was not conducted on the entire population but focused on targets that met the inclusion
criteria. The total sample of this study was 84 people, consisting of 42 ethnic Malays and 42 ethnic
Indians.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This type of research is analytical research with a cross-sectional design by measuring the
lips to determine the lip index of Malay ethnic and Malaysian Indians. This research was carried out
by taking sample lip photographs conducted at the Oral Biology Laboratory of the Faculty of
Dentistry, University of North Sumatra. This research was conducted in July-August 2018 which
included ethical clearance, sampling, research, processing data and research results. The population
of this study were Malay ethnic and Indian Malaysian students at the University of North Sumatra
who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Samples were obtained by purposive sampling where
research was not conducted on the entire population but focused on targets that met the inclusion
criteria. The total sample of this study was 84 people, consisting of 42 ethnic Malays and 42 ethnic
Indians.