Metabolic integration

Universidad Nacional de Colombia

Bioquímica
Metabolic integration
Presented to: Dr. Jorge Eduardo Caminos Pinzón
Sergio David Sanchez Villamarín
Medicine
C.C 1000974719
11 de Septiembre de 2020

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M etabolic integration refers to the pro-
cess of using nutrients for subsequent
use. In this case, here in the concept map, it
is shown in part the explanation of the pro-
cess in periods of fasting and feeding, where
different types of tissue fuels are used for the
formation of either ATP or Glycogen (latent
fuel that will later be used to form ATP).
The pre-prandial, or fasting process, is a sys-
tem where the consumption of carbohydra-
tes does not occur. By this fact the synthesis
of insulin is stopped. This process opens the
way for other types of tissue fuels to act and
generate glucose, mainly glycogen.
The glucose generated in the body can only
enter the cells thanks to glucose transporters
(GLUT). Organs such as the brain and eryth-
rocyte can enter glucose since these trans-
porters do not need insulin as an activator to
enter it and then, thanks to Hexokinase, they
fix the glucose for its use. Others, such as the
muscles and adipocytes, cannot enter gluco-
se since they need insulin as a ligand. A very
important case to mention is that of the liver:
although it is an independent insulin, the
coupling of glucose does not occur very well
since the kinase that generates this, Glucoki-
nase, is in very low quantity due to lack of
insulin, so glucose enters and leaves the liver
without generating any change.
On the other hand, in the postprandial state,
in the state generated after ingesting food,
the insulin is triggered at the same time that
the exit of lipids, proteins and glucose by the
glycogen is closed.
Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Metabolic integration
In the period immediately following the con-
sumption of glucose, it enters accompanied
by sodium to the enterocytes. This molecule
travels through the Portal System to the liver
where it passes into the systemic circulation,
since the liver does not fix glucose if it does
not have insulin. The beta cells in the pan-
creas stop the increase in blood glucose and
these generate the increase in insulin so that
the process returns to normal.
Glucose is a molecule capable of entering
any tissue if there is a sufficient amount of
insulin. This molecule can generate two pro-
cesses in different organs:
An oxidative process in any tissue where it
produces ATP and NADPH. The ATP, an es-
sential molecule in the process of energy
generation and other metabolic processes, is
generated by glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle.
NADPH as an electron donor for the reduc-
tion process is very important for catabolic
and anabolic processes.
A non-oxidative process that occurs in the
muscles and in the liver to a greater extent.
This process instead of generating ATP from
glucose, stores it in small capsules called
glycogen for future use where food is not
available.
All these processes are very important for the
proper functioning of the human body and
other living beings.
Link to open the diagram :
https://www.goconqr.com/es-ES/flowchart/
25550427/Integraci-n-Metab-lica
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 Metabolic integration

Universidad Nacional de Colombia 3