Catholic University

Name __________EVELYN RAVELO _____________________ Level ___________ Professor MA

John Moscoso

I.Read the paragragh below and write TRUE or FALSE. IF IT IS FALSE, EXPLAIN WHY?

Circulatory System

The circulatory system is an organ system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids, electrolytes and
lymph), gases, hormones, blood cells, etc. to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases, stabilize
body temperature and pH, and to maintain homeostasis.

This system may be seen strictly as a blood distribution network, but some consider the circulatory
system as composed of the cardiovascular system, which distributes blood,[1] and the lymphatic
system,[2] which returns excess filtered blood plasma from the interstitial fluid (between cells) as
lymph. While humans, as well as other vertebrates, have a closed cardiovascular system (meaning that
the blood never leaves the network of arteries, veins and capillaries), some invertebrate groups have
an open cardiovascular system. The most primitive animal phyla lack circulatory systems. The
lymphatic system, on the other hand, is an open system providing an accessory route for excess
interstitial fluid to get returned to the blood. [3]

Two types of fluids move through the circulatory system: blood and lymph. Lymph is essentially
recycled blood plasma after it has been filtered from the blood cells and returned to the lymphatic
system. The blood, heart, and blood vessels form the cardiovascular (from Latin words meaning
'heart'-'vessel') system. The lymph, lymph nodes, and lymph vessels form the lymphatic system. The
cardiovascular system and the lymphatic system collectively make up the circulatory system.

1.The circulatory system is an organ system that passes electricity F..

Because passes nutrients

2.The circulatory system help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperatura T ..

3.This system may be seen strictly as a mercury distribution network F ..

Because is seen strictly as a blood distribution network

4.The circulatory system as composed of the cardiovascular system, which distributes blood T..

5.The lymphatic system distributes lymph F..

Because the lymphatic system returns excess filtered blood plasma from the interstitial fluid as lymph.

6.Humans, as well as other vertebrates, have an open cardiovascular system ..F.

´Cause have a closed circulatory system.

7.Some invertebrate groups have an extremely closed cardiovascular system F..

Because the invertebrate have an open cardiovascular system.

8.The lymphatic system, on the other hand, is an open system .T..

9.Two types of fluids move through the circulatory system: Hg and CO2 F.

Because the two types of fluids are blood and lymph

10.The blood, heart, and blood vessels form the cardiovascular T..

II.Read and choose the best answer. Color the best answer with yellow

1. You are currently treating a patient for glenohumeral hypomobility and pain. Due to this, your
patient is having difficulties with overhead activities. Your patient has normal muscle length of the
shoulder girdle musculature and you decide to perform Grade III inferior glides in 90 degrees of
shoulder flexion. After each session your patient complains of 5/10 pain that lasts more than 24 hours
following joint mobilization. Which of the following would be the most appropriate treatment
modification?
A.Utilize a hot pack and TENS modalities in order to reduce pain following grade III mobilization
B.Perform Neer’s impingement test to assess for possible primary impingement of rotator cuff
musculature and discontinue joint mobilization.
C.Discontinue joint mobilization and begin a pectorals minor and teres major stretching program
D.Reduce mobilization grade to Grade I or II while continuing to reassess pain

2. You have begun a gait training program with a deconditioned patient 6 weeks s/p CABG x3. You
immediately notice that your patient displays forefoot contact and genu recurvatum. Which of the
following would be the most effective treatment to improve this patient’s gait pattern?
A.Hamstrings strengthening
B.Plantar flexor stretching
C.Quadriceps stretching
D.Anterior glide mobilization to the talocrural joint

3. You are currently performing postural education with a patient diagnosed with L5
spondylolisthesis. During treatment, the patient begins to complain of mild low back pain during
exercise. In which position should you place the patient to reduce pain?
A.Prone on a plinth with a pillow under the ankles
B.Supine on a plinth with a small pillow under the lumbar spine
C.Prone on a plinth with a hot pack applied to the lumbar region
D.Supine on a plinth with a bolster under the legs

4. You are treating a patient who experienced a biceps femoris strain 1 week ago. You have physician
orders to begin a lower extremity strengthening program. Currently the patient displays 4 out of 10
posterior thigh pain. Which of the following treatments would best minimize pain provocation while
also strengthening the hamstrings?
A.3 sets of 10 eccentric hamstring strengthening exercises at maximum intensity
B.3 sets of 10 concentric hamstring strengthening exercises at a gradually increasing intensity
C.1 set of 10 jump squats followed by mild hamstring stretching exercise
D.10 minutes of hot pack application followed by soft tissue mobilization to the hamstrings

5. You are currently treating a 12 y/o female patient for anterior knee pain following a lateral patellar
dislocation. This dislocation occurred after landing from a jump during a basketball game. Palpation
reveals swelling and pain medial to the patella. Which of the following objective findings would most
likely be discovered during the exam?
A.Quadriceps weakness
B.Pes cavus
C.Gluteal weakness and decreased hip internal rotator muscle length
D.Excessive external rotation, pes planus, and hip flexor tightness

6. Which of the following exercises would be least appropriate for a recent ACL reconstruction
patient?
A.Weight shifting in standing
B.Gait training with emphasis on appropriate weight shifting and step length
C.3 sets of 10 LAQ’s using a 5 lb. ankle weight.
D.Gluteal strengthening and gentle hip stretching exercises.

7. Although increases in strength can occur relatively quickly, you would not expect your patient to
experience muscle hypertrophy for at least _______________ after beginning a strengthening
program.
A.1-2 weeks
B.30 days
C.6-8 weeks
D.4-5 weeks

8. (This Question is relatively similar to an O’Sullivan question that I find interesting)

Which of the following tests would be the least effective in assessing ACL ligament integrity?
Lachman’s test
Anterior drawer test
Slocum’s test
Lateral pivot shift test

9. A patient presents to your clinic with right unilateral low back pain. They display a positive right
faber’s test and report that their pain worsens during right single limb stance. Assessment reveals an
anteriorly rotated right innominate (coxal bone). Palpation of the right SI joint reproduces patient
symptoms. Additionally, during the subjective interview, your patient reports a mild increase in low
back pain while urinating that feels different from the pain provoked during palpation. Which of the
following is most appropriate?
A.Continue treating your patient for sacroiliac joint dysfunction
B.Discontinue therapy treatment and refer your patient to their physician
C.Continue treating your patient for sacroiliac joint dysfunction. Recommend that the patient speak
to their physician regarding pain while urinating and follow up with the physician yourself over the
phone.
D.Recommend that the patient see their physician immediately for possible onset of kidney disease.
10. You are treating a patient with a diagnosis of medial epicondylitis. Palpation of the common flexor
tendon does not provoke pain but the patient does complain of tingling in what you identify as
the ulnar nerve distribution. Which of the following is most warranted?
A.Manual muscle testing of the shoulder girdle musculature
B.Complete examination of the lower cervical spine
C.Performance of Yerguson's test
D.Radial collateral ligament assessment

11. During an examination of cranial nerve integrity a Physical Therapist asks their patient to say
“ah” and examines the patient’s soft palate. The therapist notices that the soft palette elevates
asymmetrically. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this abnormality?
A.Trigeminal nerve injury
B.Unilateral Hypoglossal nerve injury
C.Unilateral Vagus nerve injury
D.A spinal nerve injury

12. A physical therapist is currently evaluating a 58 y/o male patient who experienced an obstruction
of the right middle cerebral artery which resulted in an ischemic cerebrovascular accident 2 months
ago. The astute physical therapist decides to perform a Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment in
order to assess functional balance and gait. The patient scores a 17 which places him at what risk for
falls?
A.high
B.low
C.moderate
D.The POMA test does not assess fall risk

13. A physical therapist performs an evaluation of a 76 y/o male patient with recent Right CVA. It is
determined during the evaluation that the patient is experiencing left hemiparesis and sensory loss
with greater LLE involvement than LUE. Which of the following vascular structures is most likely
involved?
Middle cerebral artery
Anterior cerebral artery
Posterior cerebral artery
Basilar artery

14. You are treating a patient who is currently displaying a stage IV Rancho Los Amigos functional
level. During the exam the patient becomes aggressive after 5 minutes of treatment and begins to
swing his upper extremity towards the therapist. The patient has displayed these behaviors more often
recently and does not appear to be in danger of harming himself. Which of the following is the BEST
method for continuing treatment?
A.Reschedule the treatment for the following week when the patients outbursts have diminished
B.Break your treatment into three 15 minute sessions throughout the day
C.Document this behavior and request that your facility assign another therapist to the case
D.Document the behavior and perform treatment that you deem to be safe and calming in nature.

15. After entering a patient’s room, you observe that the patient is having difficulty answering your
questions. His speech appears to be slow and the patient is having difficulty forming his words. When
asked if he is able to sit up on the edge of the bed the patient immediately attempts to transfer to a
sitting position. This leads you to suspect which of the following?
 A.Facial nerve injury
B.Wernicke's aphasia
C.Broca's aphasia
D.Basal nuclei involvement

16. Which neurological syndrome results in scattered demyelinating lesions throughout the CNS and
is described as having a variable course of symptoms and fluctuating periods of severity?
A.Guillan-barre
B.post-polio syndrome
C.Multiple sclerosis
D.amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

17. You are treating a patient s/p CVA who is having difficulty ascending the steps into his home. He is
able to place his right foot on the step above, but is unable to transfer his body weight entirely to his
RLE due to LE weakness. Which of the following would be the most appropriate exercise to improve
the patient’s stair climbing ability?
A.LAQ’s
B.Partial wall squats
C.Bridging exercises
D.Straight leg raises

18. You are treating a patient s/p severe infection and subsequent gentamicin antibiotic course. This
patient was referred to you by her neurologist and presents to your clinic with complaints of a
spinning sensation when she turns her head. Which of the following would be most appropriate?
A.Refer the patient immediately to her PCP
B.Perform a head thrust test
C.Assess the patient’s cranial nerve integrity
D.Perform a TUG test

19. Which of the following gait abnormalities is most consistent with Parkinson’s Disease?
A.generalized lack of extension, and abnormal involuntary increases in gait speed
B.increased trunk extension and step length
C.excessively wide BOS
D.contralateral hip drop associated with gluteus medius weakness

20. Ipsilateral weakness and loss of vibration/proprioception sense below the lesion is indicative of
which spinal cord syndrome?
A.Anterior cord syndrome
B.Brown-Sequard syndrome
C.Central cord syndrome
D.Cuada equina

21. Legumes (dry beans) are in which Food Guide Pyramid group?

o A. Fruit/vegetable
o B. Bean/bread
o C. Meat/protein
o D. Bread/cereal
 22. All of the following are characteristic of cholesterol except

o A. It is used for making estrogen and testosterone.

o B. It is incorporated into cell membranes.
o C. It is converted to bile.
o D. It is an essential nutrient.

23. The body energy that can be stored in almost unlimited amounts is

o A. Glycogen
o B. Protein
o C. Glucose
o D. Triglyceride.

24. Where does digestion begin?

o A. Small intestine
o B. Mouth
o C. Stomach
o D. Esophagus

25. If a fat contains mostly saturated fatty acids, it is likely to be

o A. Solid at room temperature.

o B. Soft at room temperature.
o C. Rancid at room temperature.
o D. Liquid at room temperature.

26. When looking at the ingredient label of a bottled spaghetti sauce, you see that
olive oil is the second ingredient. This means that

o A. Olive oil is the second ingredient by weight.

o B. Olive oil is the second ingredient by alphabetical listing.
o C. Olive oil is the second ingredient by amount present in the sauce.
o D. Olive oil is just one of the ingredients present in the sauce.

27. The function of thick mucus in the stomach is to

o A. Promote fat digestion.

o B. Protect stomach cells from acid and enzymes.
o C. Activate stomach enzymes.
o D. Keep the stomach bacteria-free.

28. To be transported throughout the body, fats are packaged in structures called

o A. Phospholipids.
o B. Micelles.
o C. Lipoproteins.
o D. Tryglycerides.

29. Which of the following is a major source of lactose?

o A. Buttermilk
o B. Broccoli
o C. Honey
o D. Lactose

30. Nutrient density can be defined as

A. The amount of kcalories in a food divided by the amount of kcalories needed in a day.
B. The amount of a particular nutrient in a serving of food divided by the number of kcalories
in that serving.
C. The amount of a particular nutrient in a serving of food divided by the number of grams of
protein.
D. The amount of a nutrient in a serving of food divided by the amount of the nutrient needed
for that day.
31. A saturated fatty acid contains

o A. 2 to 12 double bonds.
o B. No double bonds
o C. 14 to 24 double bonds.
o D. One double bond.

32. Which of the following hormones corrects a hyperglycemic state?

o A. Insulin
o B. Glucagon
o C. Epinephrine
o D. Cortisol

33. Which of the following is not true about water?

o A. Provides a way to transport nutrients and waste

o B. Dietary need of approximately 8 cups per day
o C. Provides energy
o D. By-product of cell chemical reactions

34. Which of the following are substances in plant foods that are not digested in the
stomach or small intestine?

o A. Dietary fiber
o B. Dextrose
o C. Disaccharides
o D. Simple sugars

35. A kcalorie is a measure of

o A. Sugar and fat in food.

o B. Nutrients in food
o C. Fat in food
o D. Heat energy

36. Starch is comprised of hundreds and perhaps thousands of which molecule?

o A. Glucose
o B. Galactose
o C. Fructose
o D. Glycerol

37. What structure prevents food from entering the trachea when you swallow?

o A. Esophagus
o B. Tonsils
o C. Epiglottis
o D. Tongue

38. The muscular contractions that move food through the digestive tract are called

o A. Peristalsis
o B. Compression
o C. Propulsion
o D. Regurgitation

39. Which of the following is characteristic of lipids?

o A. Supply 4 kcalories per gram

o B. Supply a concentrated form of fuel for the body
o C. Add structural strength to bones and muscles
o D. Add sweetness to food

40. Which of the following contains a rich supply of omega-3 fatty acids?

o A. Sirloin
o B. Chicken
o C. Broccoli
o D. Salmon

41. Which of the following nutrients can directly supply energy for human use?

o A. Lipids and oils

o B. Fiber
o C. Minerals
o D. Vitamins

42. Which of the following is not a monosaccharide?

o A. Glucose
o B. Fructose
o C. Galactose
o D. Lactose

43. Most digestion takes place in the

o A. Pancreas
o B. Small intestine
o C. Large intestine
o D. Stomach
 44. All the following are sources of cholesterol except

o A. Peanut butter
o B. Turkey meat
o C. Whole milk
o D. Butter

45. Healthy People 2010 was designed to

A. Promote healthful lifestyles and reduce preventable death and disability in all Americans.
B. Prevent chronic disease.
C. Eliminate dietary inadequacies and excesses, and to encourage healthful practices.
D. Disclose dietary practices that best support health.
III.Read the paragragh below and answer the following questions.

The essential components of the human cardiovascular system are the heart, blood, and blood
vessels.[4] It includes: the pulmonary circulation, a "loop" through the lungs where blood is
oxygenated; and the systemic circulation, a "loop" through the rest of the body to provide oxygenated
blood. An average adult contains five to six quarts (roughly 4.7 to 5.7 liters) of blood, accounting for
approximately 7% of their total body weight [5] . Blood consists of plasma, red blood cells, white blood
cells, and platelets. Also, the digestive system works with the circulatory system to provide the
nutrients the system needs to keep the heart pumping.

Pulmonary circulation

The pulmonary circulatory system is the portion of the cardiovascular system in which oxygen-
depleted blood is pumped away from the heart, via the pulmonary artery, to the lungs and returned,
oxygenated, to the heart via the pulmonary vein.

Oxygen deprived blood from the vena cava, enters the right atrium of the heart and flows through the
tricuspid valve (right atrioventricular valve) into the right ventricle, from which it is then pumped
through the pulmonary semilunar valve into the pulmonary artery to the lungs. Gas exchange occurs
in the lungs, whereby CO2 is released from the blood, and oxygen is absorbed. The pulmonary vein
returns the now oxygen-rich blood to the heart.

Systemic circulation

Systemic circulation is the circulation of the blood of to all parts of the body except the lungs. Systemic
circulation is the portion of the cardiovascular system which transports oxygenated blood away from
the heart, to the rest of the body, and returns oxygen-depleted blood back to the heart. Systemic
circulation is, distance-wise, much longer than pulmonary circulation, transporting blood to every
part of the body.

1.What are the essential components of the human cardiovascular system? are the heart, blood, and blood
vessels

2.Where is blood oxygenated? " through the lungs

3.How many liters of blood does an average adult contain? An average adult contains five to six quarts
(roughly 4.7 to 5.7 liters) of blood.

4.What does the digestive system provide? provide the nutrients the system needs to keep the heart
pumping.
 5.What is the pulmonary circulatory system’s function? oxygen-depleted blood is pumped away from
the heart, via the pulmonary artery, to the lungs and returned, oxygenated, to the heart via the
pulmonary vein.

6.Does Oxygen deprived blood from the vena cava? Yes , It does.

7.What happen in the lungs? Gas exchange occurs in the lungs, whereby CO2 is released from the blood,
and oxygen is absorbed.

8.Does the artery vein return the now oxygen-rich blood to the heart? No, it doesn´t . because is the
pulmonary vein.

9.What is Systemic circulation’s function? Systemic circulation is the portion of the cardiovascular system
which transports oxygenated blood away from the heart, to the rest of the body, and returns oxygen-
depleted blood back to the heart.

10.Is Systemic circulation distance-wise much shorter than pulmonary circulation? No , because the
systemic circulation distance -wise is much longer than pulmonary circulation

IV. Identify the right definition

Jugular vein Carotid artery Superior vena cava Pulmonary vein Pulmonary artery

Coronary arteries Hepatic portal vein Renal vein Renal artery Femoral artery

Abdominal aorta Iliac vein Iliac artery Femoral vein

Inferior vena cava A large vein that receives blood from the lower extremities, pelvis and abdomen and
delivers it to the right atrium of the heart.

ILIAC ARTERY . The continuation of the external iliac artery after it passes under the inguinal ligament.

ILIAC VEIN A vein that is formed by union of the external and internal iliac veins at the brim of the
pelvis and passes upward to the right of the fifth lumbar vertebra where it unites with its fellow of the
opposite side to form the inferior vena cava.

JUGULAR VEIN The jugular veins are in the neck and drain blood from the head, brain, face and neck and convey
it toward the heart.

CAROTID artery is a major artery in the neck, running from the aorta to the brain, that supplies the brain with blood.

SUPERIOR VENA CAVA receives blood from the head and arms and chest and empties into the right atrium of the
heart; formed from the azygos and both brachiocephalic veins

PULMONARY VEIN A vein that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.

PULMONARY artery An artery that carries venous blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs
CORONARY ARTERIES The vessels that supply the heart muscle with blood rich in oxygen. They are called the
coronary arteries because they encircle the heart in the manner of a crown.

HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN a large vein through which all venous blood from the
gastrointestinal system enters the inferior surface of the liver

RENAL VEIN Any of the veins that accompany the renal arteries and open at right angles into the vena
cava at the level of the second lumbar vertebra.

RENAL ARTERY an artery originating from the abdominal aorta and supplying the kidneys and adrenal
glands and ureters

ABDOMINAL AORTA the distal part of the descending aorta, below the diaphragm; it is continuous with the
thoracic aorta.

FEMORAL ARTERY is the major blood vessel that supply blood to the lower half of the body including the
pelvis, buttocks and the groin.

FEMORAL VEIN The large vein in the groin that passes with the femoral artery under the inguinal ligament
to enter the abdomen, at which point it becomes the external iliac vein.

V. Label the picture with the correct definition.

JUGULAR VEINS
CAROTID ARTERIES

SUPERIOR VENA AORTA

CAVA

PULMONARY VEIN PULMONARY ARTERY

HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN CORONARIES ARTERIES

BRACHIAL ARTERY
RENAL VEIN
RENAL ARTERY
INFERIOR VENA
CAVA
ABDOMINAL AORTA
ILIAC VEIN

ILIAC ARTERIES

VI.Self-test

1.What is the circulatory system?

a.The body's breathing system

b.The body's system of nerves

c.The body's food-processing system

d.The body's blood-transporting system

2.From what source do cells get their food?

a.Blood

b.Oxygen

c.Other cells

d.Carbon dioxide

3.Why is oxygen important to blood and to the cells?

a.Oxygen helps the blood to clot.

b.Oxygen brings food to the cells.

c.Oxygen is necessary for cell growth and energy.

d.Oxygen is not important -- carbon dioxide is the most

important substance to the body.

4.Which type of blood vessels carries blood away from the heart?

a.Veins

b.Arteries

c.Capillaries

d.Arteries, veins and capillaries

5.Why is blood that flows from the lungs to the heart bright red rather than dark
red?

a.Oxygen makes it red.

b.Carbon dioxide makes it red.

c.Gastric juices produce the red colour of the blood.

d.The lungs add a pigment (dye) to blood as it flows

through them.

6.What part of the blood carries minerals, vitamins, sugar, and other foods to the
body's cells?

a.Plasma
 b.Platelets

c.Red corpuscles

d.White corpuscles

7.What is the main job of the red corpuscles in the blood?

a.To clot blood

b.To fight disease

c.To transport oxygen to the body's cells

and carry away carbon dioxide from the cells

d.To transport carbon dioxide to the body's cells and

carry away oxygen from the cells

8.Which of the following can best be compared to soldiers?

a.Lungs

b.Capillaries

c.Red blood cells

d.White blood cells

9.Which element in the blood is round and colourless?

a.Plasma

b.Platelets

c.Red blood cells

d.White blood cells

10.What would happen to people who have an open wound and whose blood did not
clot naturally?

a.They would bleed to death.

b.Nothing. Clotting is not important.

 c.They would have to take special clotting drugs.

d.They would have to take regular doses of plasma.

11.What happens when a clot occurred in an undamaged blood vessel?

a.You would bleed to death.

b.A scab will form on the skin surface.

c.Platelets stick to the edges of the cut and to one another,

forming a plug.

d.The flow of blood to tissues beyond the clot may be cut off.

12.What happens to blood when it is pumped into the thin-walled blood vessels of
the lungs?

a.Platelets are exchanged for plasma.

b.Carbon dioxide is replaced with oxygen.

c.Blood fills the lungs and causes coughing.

d.Nothing -- the lungs are just a place blood goes through

on its way back to the heart.

13.What is the function of the blood vessels and capillaries?

a.They pump blood to the heart.

b.They filter impurities from the blood.

c.They carry blood to all parts of the body.

d.They carry messages from the brain to the muscles.

14.Why does blood turn dark red as it circulates through the body?

a.It starts to clot.

b.It gets old and dirty flowing through the body.

c.The oxygen in it is replaced with carbon dioxide.

d.The farther blood is from the heart, the more dark red it is.

15.How many major types of blood have scientists discovered?

 a.One: Type "O"

b.Two: white cells and red cells

c.Three: white cells, red cells, and plasma

d.Four: Types A, B, AB, and O

16.What is the organ that pumps blood all throughout the human body?

a.The lungs

b.The heart

c.The kidneys

d.The blood vessels and capillaries

17.How big is the heart?

A. Large enough to fill the entire left side of the chest.

B. About the size of a clenched fist.
C. About the size of a golf ball.

18.The heart is divided into many chambers?

A. Four - two atria and two ventricles.

B. Five - three atria and two ventricles.
C. Two - one atrium and one ventricle.

19.What is the sinus node?

A. A special cluster of cells in the right atrium that controls the heart rate.
B. A small chamber in the heart that collects diseased or damaged blood cells
for disposal.
C. An acupressure point on the cheekbone that, when pressed, helps to calm a
rapid heart rate.

20.Arteries from the heart deliver blood around the body, but which arteries give the
heart its own blood supply?
 A. Radial and ulnar arteries.
B. The renal arteries.
C. The coronary arteries.

21.What are capillaries?

A. The smallest blood vessels of the circulatory system.

B. The medical name for heart muscle cells.
C. Small lumps of fatty tissue that can clog blood vessels.

22.Which blood vessels have muscular walls that help to “massage” blood along
their lengths?

A.Capillaries.
B. Veins.
C. Arteries.

23.Which blood vessels contain one-way valves to stop the blood from travelling
backwards?

A. Capillaries.
B. Veins.
C. Arteries.

24.What is blood pressure?

A.The amount of pressure exerted on blood vessel walls as the blood is pumped
around.
B.The ratio of oxygen to carbon dioxide within the blood.
C.The concentration of red blood cells within the blood.