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1
ª= dlxnf tyf afn >d zf]if0f lj?4 ljleGg sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ug{ ul/aL
lgjf/0fsf nflu cfo cfh{g ;DalGw ljleGg lsl;dsf] zkd'ns sfo{qmdx?
;+rfng ug]{ .
r= d'l:nd tyf blnt hghfltnfO{ afn :jf:Yo, dlxnf :jf:Yo dlxnf / k'?if
:jf:Yo ;]jf k|bfg ug'{sf] ;fy} cfjZos ;xof]u ug]{ .
5= b}jLk|sf]ksf] ;dodf oyfzlQm ;xof]u ug]{ .
h= :yfgLo efiffdf ;8sgf6s, uLtaf6 ljleGg lsl;dsf] /f]u, lzIff, :jf:Yo,
;DalGw ;8s gf6s cfof]hgf ug]{ .
em= ;dfhsf ;+sfds /f]ux? s'kf]if0f, afn d[To', cfdf d[To' cflb ljifox?
sf] ;dfwfg ug{ ljljw sfo{qmd tyf of]hgfx? ;+Rffng ug[{sf] ;fy}
ljleGg sfo{qmdx? åf/f pkrf/fTds eGbf k|ltsf/fTds pkfox? af/]
hghft[lt u/fpg] .
~f= jg k}bfjf/, jg h+un ;+/If0f ;DalGw ljleGg lsl;dsf] sfo{qmd ;+rfng
ug]{ .
6= w'd|kfg, dWokfg / nfu' kbfy{ lj?4 hgr]tgf hufpg] vfnsf
sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ug]{ .
7= s[lif ljsf; ;DalGw ljleGg k|sf/sf s[lif tflnd, ljp, dn, s[lif cf}hf/x?
sf] hfgsf/L u/fpgsf] ;fy ;fy} pknAw klg u/fpg] .
8= s[ifsx?nfO{ h8Lj"6L pTkfbg, kz'kfng, dT:o kfng tyf a}1flgs k4lt
cg'?k v]tL ug]{ hfgsf/L u/fpg ljleGg k|sf/sf s[lif sfo{qmdx? ;
+rfng ug]{ .
9= s[ifsx?nfO{ l;+rfO{ ;DalGw tyf hdLgsf] pj{/f zlQm hf]ufpg
ljleGg k|sf/sf s[lif sfo{qmdx? tyf ;xof]u ug]{ .
2
0f= jg hª\nsf] cfjZostf, dxTj af/] hg r]tgf hufpg] tyf e'–Ifo /f]Sg,
a[Iff/f]kg, kof{j/0fnfO{ ;+/If0f ;DalGw ljleGg sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng
ug]{ .
t= d'l:nd hflt, hghflt tyf blnt hfltx? ljrdf /x]sf] cGt/ hflto
lje]bnfO{ x6fpg r]tgfd'ns tyf cGo cfjZos sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ug]
{.
y= ;dflhs ;+/rgf / ag, s[lif, e'–;+/If0f, :jf:Yo, ajfujfgL OToflbsf] ;
+/If0f ug{ cyjf jftfj/0f ;+/If0f ;DalGw ljleGg sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng
ug]{ .
b= ;/sf/L tyf u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf ;+u ;dGjo Pj+ ;fem]bf/L u/L ljleGg
ljsf;sf sfo{ ;+rfng ug]{ .
w= ;dfh ;]jf d'ns sfo{qmdx?df o'jf ju{nfO{ ;+nUg u/fO{ g]t[Tj ljsf;
u/fpg] .
g= d'l:nd blnt dlxnf dfly n}lªs sf/0faf6 x'g] ljleGg lsl;dsf zf]if0f,
cTofrf/ tyf r]nLa]6L a]rlnvg h:tf ;fdflhs las[lt lj?4 r]tgfsf] lasf;
ug]{ .
k= ul/aL lgjf/0f x]t' ljleGg lsl;dsf kl/of]hgfx? 5gf}6 u/L ;fdfhaf6
ul/aL pGd'ng ug]{ k|of;x? ug]{ .
km= b}aL k|sf]k, af9L, klx/f], dxfdf/L, e'O{rfnf], cfunflu OToflb
b'3{6gfx?df ;+:yfn] cfkm} tyf /fli6«o cGt/fli6«o ;xof]u
h'6fO{ ;]jf ;Tsf/ / ;xof]u ug]{ .
a= 3/]n' lx+;f la?4 hg r]tgf km]nfpg] .
e= afn ljjx ax' ljjfx ;DaGwL hfgsf/L ;DaGwl sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ug]
{.
d= ;dfhdf rln/x]sf] bfOhf] k|ynfO{ cGTo ug]{ .
3
0f= Pr=PO=eL=P8; tyf cGo ;?jf /f]ux?sf] af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpg] .
t= ljleGg wd{ hft hfltsf] d'Vo d'Vo rf8kj{s dgfpg] .
y= ljBfklt kj{ k|To]s jif{ ejo ?kdf dgfpg]
;+:yfsf kl/roM
ufpFsf d/dnfOdL o'jf a'l4hLjLx?sf] e]nfn] dxf]t/L lhNnf uf=lj=;
agf]nL bgf]nL–$, dxf]Q/L :yfkgsf] ;fj{hlgs hUufdf @)^% ;fn a}zfv !
ut] cgf}krfl/s ?kdf ;rflnt >L ljBfklt o'jfSnanfO{ ljleGg If]qdf sfo{ u//}
u/]s]fdf o;n] lj=;= @)^% ;fndf ;+:yf P]g @)#$ cGu{ut btf{ u/fO{oL .
o; ;+:yfn] :yfgLo >f]t ;fwgx?nfO{ kl/rflnt u/L :yfgLo :yt/df ljsf; u/L
cfP cfh{g v]ns'b, ;/;kmfO{, :jr, a[Iff/f]kg, vfg]kfgL, 6nflhsf;, cfod'ns,
kef{j/0f ;Gt'ng, nfu' cf}ifw, hghflt blnt / dhb'/ tyf dlxnf ju{ ;DalGw
sfd ug]{ p2]Zon] :yfkgf ul/of] . o; ;+:yfn] k|To]s jif{ wfld{s sfo{qmd
cGt{ut ;/:jtL k'hf s[i6fci6dL HIV P8; sfo{qmd ljBfklt :d[tLkt{sf] ;fy}
ljleGg r]tgf d'ns sfo{qmd ;+rfngsf] ;fy} xfdLn] dlxnf ;dfh sNof0f
d08fnosf] ;xof]uf o'jfzjtLs/0f, HIV P8\; ;DaGwL sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/of]
3/]n' pBf]u dGqfnosf] ;xof]udf # dlxg] l6=eL /]l8of] dd{t tflnd ;
+~rfng u/L :yfgLo o'jfnfO{ /f]huf/L ug{df dbt k'¥ofPsf] 5 . ;fy} ef}lts
of]hgf tyf lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ul/of] . uf=lj=;= agf]nL / pTyfg g]kfn
dxf]Q/L / o; Sna ;+o'tm ?kdf nfu' cf}ifw ;DaGwL ! xKt] sfo{qmd ;
+Rfng u/]sf lyof] . eGg] ut cfly{s jif{ @)^&.)^* df UNDPLRP
kl/of]hgf / o; Snan] a[Iff/f]kg sfo{qmd cGt{ut @() hgf % yfgsf] b/n]
ljt/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . ;fy} pQm a[Iff/f]kg ;DaGwL tflnd ;d]t lbO{ lghx?
sf] lgoldt cg'ugd ;d]t ug]{ u/]sf]5 . eGg] blnt ul/a sf aRrfx?nfO{
;/sf/L :s'n hfg] sIff ! b]lv sIff % ;Dd k9\g] ljBfyL{x?nfO{ lgMz'Ns
4
$ ;d'xdf ljefhg u/L b}lgs @ 306f sfb/n] k9fpg]sf nflu k|To]s ;d'xsf]
nflu @ hgf sfb/n] $ hgf lzIffssf] Joj:Yf ul/of] h;df b'O{ k'?if
b'O{ dlxnfnfO{ /f]hu/L k|bfg ul/of] eGg] k9\g] ljBfyL{sf] nflu sfkL,
snd ;d]t pknAw u/fOof] . :s'n :t/Lo xflh/ hjfkm k|ltof]lutf / lgaGw k|
ltof]lutf ;+rfng u/]sf lyof] eGg] bz}+e/L dxfb]jL efujt ;+rfng ul/of] .
;fy} cfo cfh{g, /fhg}lts tyf ;dflhs klxrfg ;DaGwL tflnd cGt{lsof
cGt/fli6«o dlxnf lx;fF lj?4sf] lbj;df r]tgf d'ns sfo{qmd lhNnf :t/Lo
lsqm]6 k|ltof]lutf ;+rfng u/]sf lyof] . h;df cfof]hs l6d k|yd :yfg xfl;n
u/]sf] lyof] .
eGg] U–16 df Ps/lxof / ljl:k6L uf=lj=;=df ;+rflnt v]ndf k|yd :yfg xfl;n
ug{ ;kmn eof] .
sfo{qmdsf] k[i7e"ld
;g\ !((@ df ;DkGg ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo ljZj lzv/ ;Dd]ngn]
k[YjLnfO{ hf]ufO{ /fVg lbuf] ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ff cufl8 ;fb}{ Ph]G8f
@( nfO{ cg'df]bg u/] kl5 cfh xfdL RIO @) sf] ;Dd'vdf 5f}+ o; aLrdf k|
fs[lts ;|f]tx?sf] ;+/If0f / ljsf; nflu s}of}+ /fli6«o Pjd\ cGt/f{li6«o k|
of;x? ePtf klg hnjfo' kl/jt{gaf6 ;[hLt ;d:ofn] l;ªu} ljZj ;d'bfo cfqmfGt
ag]sf] 5 . xl/t u[x Uof;sf] pT;h{gn] k[YjLnfO{ lbg k|ltlbg ttfpb} 5 .
tfkqmd a[l4;Fu} lxd>[Înf kUng] qmd a9\bf] 5 . d?e"lds/0f cltj[i6L,
cgfj[i6L, cfFwLa]x/L, af9L, klx/f], e"–Ifo h:tf k|sf]kx? l;ª\u} dfgj
;d'bfosf nflu r'gf}ltsf ?kdf v8f ePsf 5g\ . :jR5 vfg]kfgLsf] cefj, vfB
c;'/Iff, ef]sd/L / dxfdf/Ln] efjL k':tfnfO{ ;d]t s'?k agfpg] u/L jt{dfg
ljZj ;d:ofsf] b'irqmdf km;]sf] 5 .
5
;g\ !(^) b]lv !(*) sf] bzsdf cy{tGqnfO{ dha't t'Nofpgsf nflu ljleGg
/fi6«x?n] xl/t qmflGtsf] s'/f cufl8 ;f/]sf] b]lvG5 . d"ntM s[lif pTkfbgdf
a[l4 u/L tTsfnLg ljZjsf k|d'v ;d:ofsf ?kdf b]lvPsf ef]sd/Lsf]
;d:ofnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ vfB ;'/Iff / lgof{t dfkm{t cy{tGqnfO{ bl/nf]
kfg'{ lyof] h'g bLuf] ljsf;sf dfGotf / l;4fGt cg'?k cufl8 a9]g . o;/L xl/t
qmflGtsf] gf/fn] kof{j/0fnfO{ hf]ufpg g;Sbf ljZj ;d'bfo df4em yk
r'gf}ltx? v8f eP . ;f]xL kl/k|]Iodf lbuf] ljsf; l;4fGt / dfGotf cg'?k
cy{tGqnf{ cufl8 a9fpg xl/t cy{tGqn] ljZj ;d'bfonfO{ ;femf lrGtg t/
km/s bfloTjsf ;fy cufl8 a9\g k|]/0ff k|bfg u/]sf] 5 .
;fdfGotof xl/t cy{tGqn] jftfj/0fLo hf]lvd / kl/l:ysLo cefjnfO{ Go"g
ub}{ dfgjLo hLjg:t/df u'0ffTds ;'wf/ Nofpb5 . ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo ljsf;
sfo{qmdn] kl/eflift u/] cg';f/ xl/t cy{tGqdf sfj{g pT;h{g Go"g x'g k|
fs[lts ;|f]tsf] lbuf] / k|efjsf/L 9+uf6 pkof]u x'g'sf ;fy} jftfj/0fLo Gofosf
l;4fGtx?nfO{ c+lusf/ ub}{ ;dfj]zL ljsf; / nf]stflGws zf;g
Joj:yfkgnfO{ hf]8 lbPsf] x'G5 .
g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df xl/t cy{tGqnfO{ a'em\g'kbf{ lbof] jgsf] Joj:yfkg / ;f]
sf] k|dfl0fs/0f sfj{g s6f}tL ug{ j}slNks phf{sf] k|of]u, sfj{g ;+l~rtLsf
nflu jg h+unsf] ;+/If0f / lj:tf/ jftfj/0fLo ;]jf / j:t'sf] ljlgdo, jftfj/0f d}qL
k"jf{wf/ ljsf;, xl/t /f]huf/L h{ljs s[lif v]tLsf] lj:tf/, kmf]xf]/d}nf
Joj:yfkg h:tf sfo{x? ;~rfng ub}{ ;d[4 /fi6«sf gfdn]
g]kfnnfO{ lrgfpg' /x]sf] 5 .
olx ;a ;d:ofnfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ ;an g]kfnn] Ps JolQm Ps ?vsf] cjwf/0ff
cl3 ;f/]sf] 5 .
sfo{qmdsf] p2]Zo M
6
lzIffsf b[li6sf]0fn] lgs} g} k5fl8 k/]sf] of] lhNnf jgh+unsf b[li6sf]0fn]
t emg lgs} g} phf8 dflgPsf] xf] . a]nfa]nfdf ;'Vvf, af9L, klx/f] h:tf k|
sf]kx? x'g] ub{5 h;sf k|d'v sf/0f jgh+undf x|f; x'g' xf] . oxfFsf hgtfdf
jgh+unsf] dxTj tyf o;sf] kmfObfaf/] hfgsf/L gx'gfsf] sf/0fn] cl:tTjdf
/x]sf ?v lj?jf klg lbgfg'lbg gi6 eO{/x]sf] 5 csf]{ lt/ jg hf]ufg' jf nufpg
k|lt s;}sf] rf;f] b]lvb}g h;sf] k|d'v sf/0f lzIffsf] sdL b]lvG5 . t;y{ o;
sfo{Qmdsf] dfWodaf6 gd"gfsf ?kdf lhNnfsf !) j6f ljBfnosf afnaflnsfx?
hf] ef]lnsf b]zsf s0f{wf/sf] ?kdf /x]sf 5g\ ltgLx?nfO{ jgh+unsf]
dxTjaf/] hfgsf/L u/fO{ pgLx?s} cu'jfO{df cf–cfkm\gf] ;d'bfosf
JolQmx?nfO{ jgh+un hf]ufpg / nufpg'sf] kmfObf / o;sf] dxTjaf/] hfu[t
u/fO{ j[Iff/f]k0f ug{ cu|;/ u/fpg'
xf] .
7
agf}nL bgf}nL, Ps/lxof, lkk/f dltxfgL, hn]Zj/ gu/kflnsf lw/fk'/, ;'uf
efjgL nufot hDdf !) uf=lj=; x?df .
8
@!= ah]6
xl/t qmflGtsf nflu j[Iff/f]k0f
cg'dflgt vr{sf] ljj/0f
9
10