CONFIDENTIAL 1 (4)

Nokia Mobile Phones Service Bulletin No. SB-200/08.10.03

Technical Services, Europe & Africa

GENERAL

LEAD-FREE SOLDERING

Version history:
Version 1 08.10.03 Initial version

Some figures:

- Electronic equipment lifecycles currently average 4.3 years (13+ years in

the 1960’s)
- In 1998, 6.0 million tonnes of Electronic waste was generated in the EEC
(all categories)
- Research indicates Electronic waste volume and tonnage is increasing at
3-5% per annum
- Currently 90%+ of Electronic waste is landfilled or incinerated in an
uncontrolled manner

As you certainly have learned by now, European Union and responsible

manufacturers are paying a lot of attention on reducing and preventing the
waste and pollution generated by electrical and electronic equipment.

There are 2 European Union “Sister – Directives” on this subject passed into
laws in January 2003:

“Directive 2002/96/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on

Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE)” became “Lex 392”

The purpose of this (WEEE) directive is, at first priority, the prevention of
waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), and in addition, the re-
use, recycling and other forms of recovery of such wastes so as to reduce
the disposal of waste. It also seeks to improve the environmental
performance of all operators involved in the life cycle of electrical and
electronic equipment, e.g. producers, distributors, and consumers and in
particular those operators directly involved in the treatment of waste
electrical and electronic equipment.

and

“Directive 2002/95/EC of the European Parliament and of the council on the

Restriction of the use of certain Hazardous Substances (RoHS) in
Electrical and Electronic Equipment” became “Lex 391”

The purpose of this (RoHS) directive is to approximate the laws of the

Member States on the restrictions of the use of hazardous substances in
electrical and electronic equipment and to contribute to the protection of

x Level 1 x Level 2 x Level 3 x Level 4 Version 1

GENERAL SB-200 Copyright © Nokia Corporation 2003

 CONFIDENTIAL 2 (4)

human health and the environmentally sound recovery and disposal of waste
electrical and electronic equipment.

WEEE being certainly more familiar to you, the purpose of this short bulletin
is to draw your attention to the less familiar RoHS directive and its practical
consequencies to NOKIA and their partners in repair industry.

Following are some selected important extracts from the directive:

(5)
“The available evidence indicates that measures on the collection, treatment,
recycling and disposal of waste of electrical and electronic equipment
(WEEE) as set out in Directive 2002/ /EC… of the European Parliament and
of the Council on waste linked to the heavy metals concerned and the flame
retardants concerned. In spite of those measures, however, significant parts
of WEEE will continue to be found in the current disposal routes. Even if
WEEE were collected separately and submitted to recycling processes, its
content of mercury, cadmium, lead, chromium VI, PBDE would be likely to
pose risks to health or the environment.”

(6)
“Taking into account technical and economic feasibility, the most effective
way of ensuring significant reduction of risks to health and the environment
relating to those substances which can achieve the chosen level of
protection in the Community is the substitution of those substances in
electrical and electronic equipment by safe or safer materials. Restricting the
use of these hazardous substances is likely to enhance the possibilities and
economic profitability of recycling of WEEE and decrease the negative health
impact on workers in recycling plants”

(11)
“Exemptions from the substitution requirement should be permitted if
substitution is not possible from scientific or technical point of view or if the
negative environmental or health impacts caused by substitution are likely to
outweigh the human and environmental benefits of the substitution.
Substitution of the hazardous substances in electrical and electronic
equipment should also be carried out in a way so as to be compatible with
the health and safety of users of electronic and electronic equipment (EEE).

(12)
“As product re-use, refurbishment and extension of lifetime are beneficial,
spare parts need to be available”.

Article 2; paragraph 3:
This directive does not apply to spare parts for the repair, or to the re-use, of
electrical and electronic equipment put on the market before 1 July 2006.

x Level 1 x Level 2 x Level 3 x Level 4 Version 1

GENERAL SB-200 Copyright © Nokia Corporation 2003

 CONFIDENTIAL 3 (4)

Article 4; paragraph 1:
“Member States shall ensure that, from 1. July 2006, new electrical and
electronic equipment put on the market does not contain lead, mercury,
cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) or
polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE). National measures restricting or
prohibiting the use of these substances in electrical and electronic equipment
which were adopted in line with Community legislation before the adoption of
this Directive may be maintained until July 1st 2006.

The two most relevant practical issues to us in customer care and repair
business are the Extract numbered (12) dealing with the availability of spare
parts, Article 2 paragraph 3 mentioning the use of spare parts and Article 4
paragraph 1 mentioning the word “Lead”.

Extract (12) and Article 3 translated into plain language mean that old
products incorporating components or materials containing Lead (Pb) can be
repaired using “old spare parts” and “materials” containing Lead (Pb). With
“old products” in this context we mean products manufactured and sold
before 01.07.2006, and with “material” we mean soldering paste, soldering
wire etc.

It is worth noticing (12) that the Directive is distinctively emphasizing the “re-
use”, “refurbishing” and generally extension the life cycle of the product.

Lead (Pb)

For generations an alloy of Tin (Sn, 63%) together with Lead (Pb, 37%) has
been used in electronics industries as a solder paste/wire for connecting
components. Substituting this traditional soldering alloy with “unleaded” one
represents a considerable headache for both manufacturing as well as
maintenance industries.

The substitute “lead-free” alloy developed for the lead-free soldering (SnPb)
consists of Tin (95.5%), Silver (Au, 3.8%) and Copper (Cu, 0.7%).

The most significant change resulting from the use of the lead-free solder is
the considerable increase in the necessary soldering temperature from
approx. 180ºC up to minimum of 230ºC on the solder joint. Component
soldering temperature specifications must be strictly obeyed.

It is evident that both of these two changes in soldering process are big and
call for special attention.

x Level 1 x Level 2 x Level 3 x Level 4 Version 1

GENERAL SB-200 Copyright © Nokia Corporation 2003

 CONFIDENTIAL 4 (4)

Significance to Partners

For the reasons of component availability, process changes in manufacturing

etc. the change from “leaded soldering” into “unleaded soldering” will be
gradual commencing within a couple of months. The first products to be
launched this autumn will be just partially lead-free.

This means that for many years to come our partners should possess
capability to rework 2 categories of products: “leaded” and “lead-free”.

This complicates the repair work in the field considerably but Nokia will be
doing its best to inform the partners on issues related to lead-free
components identification, techniques required etc.

However what we would recommend our valued partners should do

right away is to have their existing soldering equipment validated for
lead-free soldering as well as stock themselves up with soldering
paste/wire, flux etc fulfilling the requirements of unleaded rework.

Our SCCE (Service and Competence Center) in Bochum will start educating
the partners in Lead-free techniques and general issues very soon.

x Level 1 x Level 2 x Level 3 x Level 4 Version 1

GENERAL SB-200 Copyright © Nokia Corporation 2003